10
THE OREGOXIAX, SATURDAY, XOVE3II5ER 17, 1917.
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PORTLAND, SATURDAY, NOV. 17, 1917.
WAIT A LITTLE.
"The submarine menace as a de
cisive factor in the war has failed,"
eo the optimistic Secretary Paniels in
forms a gratified, if dubious, Xation.
Uut
"This is no time to pat ourselves on
the back," declares the practical
minded chairman of the shipping
board, Mr. Hurley. And
"The good return of tonnage sink
In by enemy submarines last week,
and, indeed, the comparatively favor
able result of the last two months,
ought not to be taken as indicating
that the submarine menace is a thing
of the past, or is defeated," is the
warning griven by Sir Eric Geddes, First
Lord of the British Admiralty.
One large Uritish vessel only was
sunk by the U-boats last week, -with
two French and several American
chips. It is an encouraging record,
after the maximum of forty large
liritish ships in one week, last April,
B.nd thirty-eight the following week.
The submarine peril has been partly
met by the British and American
patrol; partly, but not wholly. Until
It is entirely overcome, if it ever is,
there must be unceasing vigilance, de
termined warfare, extensive prepara
tion. The enemy wants nothing bet
ter than the thought to gain posses
sion of the American mind that the
war is over, or will soon end.
The low submarine toll last week
may be due to withdrawal of many
submarines to refit them for the Win
ter. OrHhey may have been massed
at some "one spot expecting a great
British naval drive say in the Baltic,
or toward Kiel. Or they may have
deliberately laid off for a few days or
weeks, in order to catch the enemy
napping.
The Germans cannot be defeated by
promises, or hopes, or prayers, or ex
pectations. They will be defeated
when they are defeated.
WORK OF THE BOYS.
Analysis of the efforts made last
Summer to employ boys on farms as
a direct aid in food production, espe
cially in those localities where the
movement was definitely organized,
indicates that they were generally suc
cessful, from the point of view of
both the farmer and the boy." The old
notion, which persisted because peo
ple have the habit of thinking in
grooves, that a city boy is not worth
his salt in the country, was disposed
of. The city boys made good. The
conclusion is important because of the
bearing it will have upon food pro
duction plans for next year. Impor
tance of keeping youths in school re
gardless of the war is realized, but it
is seen that with foresight and organi
sation such an adjustment can be
made that there will be a maximum
of help to farmers with a minimum
of interference with educational plans.
Massachusetts is one of the states
in which the organization of boys
reached a high state of perfection
through volunteer work and without
iiiect state subsidy or appropriation.
Under the direction of the Committee
of Public Safety, a sub-committee on
mobilization of schoolboys was formed
and its success is indicated by deter
mination to carry the movement for
ward next year on a larger scale than
ever should emergency conditions de
mand. Although the yield from home
gardens and vacant city lots was large
in the aggregate, it is still recognized
that the main dependence of the coun
try must "be on the farms, and that
unless labor is furnished appeals to
their owners to "speed up production"
will be weakened. High prices of seed
and fertilizers have bred a spirit of
caution which more than ever takes
account of the possibilities of culti
vation and harvest before making
plantings on an extensive scale.
The Massachusetts experiment, as
reviewed by W. I. Hamilton, agent of
the State Board of Education, has re
vealed that it pays to send city boys
to the country, as well as to encourage
country boys to remain at home. One
of the hardest tasks was to convince
skeptical farmers that this was true
An easier task was to imbue the boys
with the spirit of doing their best,
but they were, upon the whole, im
pressed with the patriotic nature of
their work and with the fact that
enlistment for farm service was as
necessary as any other service they
could perform. A high degree of co
operation with school authorities was
found advisable. Direct communica
tion with individual farmers when
ever possible, and arrangements by
which the youthful laborers entered
into the home life of their employers
were found to give good results. This
Im-s been manifested by the large num
br of agreements made to renew the
arrangement next year. It promises
more enduring benefits than the
method of working boys in groups and
boarding them in camps near, the
scene of their employment.
Marked benefits have been received
by boys who took their work seri
ously. Last Summer's experience left
them in splendid physical condition,
and it also gave them real insight into
the economic problems confronting the
country. They now realize as they
could have been made to realize in
no other way the relation between
production and distribution and the
needs of the people. .The objection
that these benefits are rather vague
and general, when set against the
school course, is met by the proposal
that farm employment shall be made
to supplement schooling and not to
displace it. It is not desired that the
trend to the farm shall be so general
or so permanent as to interfere with
education.
With all Winter in which to discuss
details and to appraise mistakes that
were made in the haste and confusion
of 1917, it is now generally believed
that the boy help movement can be
so organized for 1918 as to become a
large factor in food production. Ad
justment of school courses in some
instances, while difficult, would not
seem to be impossible. And it seems
quite probable that farmers will need
all the help they can get. The call
for foodstuffs will be quite as loud as
ever, and the present outlook is for a
smaller supply of adult workers for
farm purposes than ever before in our
history.
THE CASE OF BABY PACL.
There is apparently nothing in the
medicinal treatment of Baby Paul
Hodzima that is wholly revolutionary
or susceptible to sound criticism. Mor
phine is used, to relieve pain that can
not be relieved by any other means.
Morphine in such cases as Baby Paul's
weakens resistance and shortens that
which would still be a short span of
life. Probably in this country today
a thousand or more adults are ob
taining surcease from physical misery
from physicians who know that that
welcome relief will hasten the in
evitable end.
Baby Paul has come into public
notice because of the abstract opin
ions of Dr. Haiselden. This physician
believes that anesthesia, where death,
rather than relief from pain, is the
primary object sought, is sometimes
justified. He is frankly opposed to
the set sensibilities of the multitude.
Whereas the average physician would
administer morphine when necessary
to relieve the pain ofa fatal malady
and would preserve silence as to its in
fluence upon the hour of the soul's
departure, Dr. Haiselden bluntly tells
the whole story.
Yet it may be safely assumed that
he would not act upon the full ex
treme of hfs own opinion. . The law
does not recognize the authority of a
physician deliberately to end a life.
A physician, like others, cherishes his
liberty above his opinions in matters
of that kind. None of us will probably
ever see the law changed. It is not con
ceivable that set limitations could be
devised within which deliberate tak
ing of inoffensive life would be per
missible. It is a pronounced human
characteristic to preserve life, and it
is a characteristic that defies cold
reasoning as to what is best for the
individual and society. We cannot
.bring ourselves to put innocent life,
no matter how empty or deformed,
into the keeping of scientific logicians.
It is no less true now than when it
was written that while there is life
there is hope. Surgery and medicine
have not reached their limit of de
velopment. The incurable disease or
malformation of today may be curable
tomorrow. But, conceivably, wrack
ing, continuous pain may offset a faint
flicker of hope. It is then that an
anesthetic is a ministration rather to
be condoned than condemned. Who
is there that is sane who would deny
Baby Paul two weeks of ease because
without it he might have six weeks of
suffering?
THE BOLSIIKVIKI.
"Bolsheviki" Is a Russian word
meaning "th majority." Its employ
ment as the name of a political party
dates only from 1903, when the Rus
sian Social Democratic party split in
two and the majority, led by Nicholas
Lenine, now recognized as a pro-German
plotter, accepted the designation.
The word reveals nothing as to the
present strength of the party or the
principles for which it stands. Whether
or not the party is a "majority," the
word is still indissolubly associated
with it.
The immediate peril to Russia from
1 ? , 1 u . -; i-1 itAe, tn i, f. v,
' ' 'J h .'u..un nvi lies 41ft ma i ua '
Lenine and his followers have changed
their views remarkably since the war
began. Still clinging to their mean
ingless name, they have become, in
fact, according to A. J. Sack, director
of the Russian Information Bureau
in the United States, pure exponents
of anarchistic ideology. The Bol
sheviki are anarchists in their feeling
about life and in their political prac
tices. Sufferings inflicted upon the
masses by the old regime have caused
a reaction which has made the ground
fertile for anarchy, which appeals to
the uneducated masses. Hatred of
monarchy has found expression in
hatred of every form of restraint, and
in extremes which endanger all law
and order. Efficient and enduring
national organization under anarchy
being manifestly impossible, pro-Ger
man propagandists have fostered the
Bolsheviki, and this course, from the
German point of view, has been Justi
fied by weakened resistance to the
country's real foreign enemy.
Bolshevism, as it now exists, is the
product of Czarism and the conse
quent unenlightenment of the people
No more forcible commentary upon
this condition has been made than
that of a writer who says that "the
monarchistic system, in its practically
unlimited form, was dead in Russia
some time ago, and in dying has poi
soned all the atmosphere around It.
The Bolsheviki have grown rapidly
since Lenine's reappearance in Russia
after the revolution. They now control
the Petrograd and Moscow councils
of workingmen's and soldiers' dele
gates, and the councils in a consider
able number of provincial cities. With
hunger and cold threatening almost
every Russian home the coming Win
ter, conditions seem favorable to their
continued growth unless some strong
power rises to restore order. Iff is a
perilous paradox that much of the dis
tress is caused by the very disorgani
zation of society which the Bolsheviki
are doiilg- their utmost to intensify.
Restoration of systematic iransporta
tion and organization of production
and distribution would relieve hunger
and restore the economic balance. The
blind followers of Lenine have not yet
learned this, and it is no part of the
purpose of the German element in
their country to disillusion them.
Discovery that there is at least one
public school in Minnesota in which
German is the only language taught,
and English is ignored in giving in
struction even in the "common
branches," will serve to emphasize the
need of complete Americanization of
all the grade schools of the country,
and to revive interest in the question
whether any foreign language should
be taught until the schools have first
proved that they can teach .English
well. Hoboken, N. J., with a large
German population, meanwhile has
abolished the teaching of German al
together, even as an elective course,
and has overcome reluctance to the
dismissal of old employes who have
been teaching German by assigning
them to a specially created "Ameri
canization department." -The Hobo
ken schools will gain in two ways, the
new department offering one fertile
field, while concentration on English
is expected to result in turning out
graduates who will have better com
mand of that language In every-day
business correspondence.
BRAZIL AS OIK ALLY.
Brazil's national celebration of No
vember 15 reminds us that it is only
twenty-eight years since that country
overthrew the last monarchy on thi.
hemisphere and established a: repub
lic. The enthusiasm for democracy
which found expression in that event
still lives and goes far to explain
Brazil's, declaration of war on Ger
many. The sentiments of the Brazil
ian people as to the United States has
been shown by cordial and lavish hos
pitality to American warships, and
prove that their hearts were already
enlisted in the cause which they will
serve with their arms. '
The aid of Brazil in the war will
prove valuable, both from an economic
and a military standpoint. The last
possibility that supplies of coffee, rub
ber, tobacco, hides and meat from
that country will reach Germany
through neutral countries is removed.
Germany is deprived for the time be
ing of money and credit from large
investments and settlements In Brazil.
The allies obtain the service of enemy
ships which were interned in Brazil
ian port's, also of the republic's mer
chant marine. The latter is consider
able, for the tonnage of home steam
ers entering the ports of Brazil ex
ceeds ten millions a year. The navy
can relieve the United States of much
work in patroling the South Atlantic
Ocean, and may add destroyers to the
flotilla operating in Europe. Though
the peace strength of the army is only
23,500 with 20,000 gendarmes, mili
tary service is compulsory for men
between 21 and 4 5, and a large force
is being organized.
Probably when the campaign of
1919 opens, a Brazilian army will be
ready for service in Europe, if, in the
meantime, the United States has done
its part in providing ships to transport
it. The knowledge that such rein
forcements will be available should
prove a powerful incentive to the
United States and the allies not to be
sparing" in their efforts to overpower
Germany through fear that men will
be lacking to finish the job.
The United States in particular wel
comes Brazil as an ally because the
adhesion of the .great southern re
public to the embattled ranks of de
mocracy forecasts the drawing closer
of the bonds of friendship among all
American republics. It helps to make
Pan-America a reality.
THE NATIONAL MISTER ROLL.
The classification and questionnaire
adopted by the War Department show
the purpose to make a complete in
ventory of the men registered under
the selective service law, in order to
determine the order in which they
shall be called upon to serve in the
Army. The men are to be arranged
in the order of their highest useful
ness, those least useful at home being
taken first and the classes gradually
working down to those who for
divers reasons are not likely ever to
be called upon to fight.
In the first class are placed those
whose removal will cause the smallest
gap in the domestic, social or Indus
trial organization, and they are sub
divided according to the readiness
with which they can be spared. Every
person will consider it eminently
proper that single men without de
pendent relatives" should compose di
vision A of the first class, for they
will leave no burden. Next will be
taken the married man "who has
habitually failed to support his fam
ily," and after him the "married man
dependent on wife for support."
These are three types of men who
have not begun to perform or have
shirked their social duty, either by
failure to found a family or by neglect
to support it. They have done the
least of all for the Nation In peace.
therefore they fill only a small niche
and most appropriately are- to be
taken first, but only provided there is
no reason connected with their occu
pation for placing them in a later
class. Jn that event a claim for de
ferred classification would be made.
Thus a man may have no wife or
dependent relative, but he may be a
necessary artificer or workman in
U. S. armory or arsenal." That fact
would transfer him to division H of
class 3. far down . the scale. Any
registrant who fails to submit the
questionnaire is placed in class 1 re
gardless of all other considerations,
unless some valid claim for deferred
classification should be made on the
ground of his usefulness at home. This
is the penalty of negligence.
Married men whose families are
supported by their income independent
of their labor, otherwise the idle rich.
come next after men dependent on
their wives, then unskilled farm labor
ers, next unskilled industrial laborers,
to be followed by men for whom no
deferred classification is claimed and
those who are not included under any
other heading.
The next and probably several suc
ceeding drafts will be made from this
class. As it is estimated to cohfprise
two million men, and as it is likely
to be swelled by the majority of the
600,000 young men who will have
reached the age of 21 between the
passage of the draft law and the sec
ond draft, the other classes may not
be drawn upon unless the war should
be very prolonged. More than a mil
lion and a half men are already under
arms, and the numbers mentioned
would increase this total to more than
fouF millions. Raising of armies, and
provision of ships to carry and supply
them would have to be speeded up in
order to- exhaust class 1 before the
end of 1919, by which time another
600,000 young men would have come
of age.
If it should be necessary to draw
upon class 2, two divisions could be
exhausted before any necessary skilled
labor would be taken. These are mar
ried men whose -wives or children, or
both, are not mainly dependent upon
their labor for support, "for the rea
son that there are other reasonably
certain sources of :i d en n;i tf suooortf"
I excluding the wife's earnings; and
I married men without children whose
wives could support themselves by
skill "in""some special class of work."
After these divisions come "the neces
sary skilled farm laborer" and the
"necessary skilled industrial laborer,"
but in each the enterprise on which
they are employed must also be neces
sary.
Not until class 3 was reached would
inroads begin upon men who have ab
solute dependents, upon public .offi
cers or upon necessary men skilled
in other ways than those mentioned.
Then men with dependent children
other than their own, dependent pa
rents, brothers or sisters would have
to serve long before those whose wives
and children would be left without
support, for the latter form division
A of class 4, and ahead of them come
county or municipal officers, firemen,
policemen, custom-house clerks, pos-
tal employes, workmen in arsenals,
armories or other Federal service and
assistant managers of agricultural or
industrial enterprises.
In class 4, after heads of dependent
families, are placed mariners and sole
managers of agricultural or industrial
enterprises. Class 5 seems to have
been reserved for T.hose whom it is
impossible, unnecessary or unwise to
draft in any case. In the A division
are executive, legislative and judicial
oflicers. Federal or state, then minis
ters of religion and students for the
ministry, persons already in the mili
tary or naval service. The impos
sibles are alien enemies and other
aliens who claim exemption, persons
physically, mentally and morally unfit,
and, last of all, pilots, for they may
be needed to steer the last transport
to sea.
The questionnaire requires all the
information needed to place each man
in his proper class and division, find
naturally looks more formidable than
it really is. The questions are plain
and straightforward, and the great
majority of them should present no
difficulty to men of ordinary intelli
gence who are willing to answer
truthfully, though some will require
reference to records as to such things
as naturalization and former employ
ment. Much work will be imposed on
the local and district boards which
must classify the men, and no doubt
much time will be consumed But
when the work is done, it will be done
once for all.
This preparation for future drafts
is, in fact, so thorough as to be elo
quent testimony in itself of the Na
tional determination to see the war
through to the only finish which we are
willing to consider possible. The Amer
ican people are ready to go down the
line from division A of class 1 until
they come to the totally unfit in order
to provide men who will carry on the
war, but long before they reach that
point they will, when necessary, swell
the total subject to draft by extending
the age. The grand muster roll of the
Nation is to be made up.
Apples of Wenatchee and other dis
tricts tributary to the Columbia River
are rotting because there are not
enough cars to carry them to market.
Adequate transportation is as neces
sary to food production and economy
as is the work of the farmer and
housewife. We are now paying dearly
for the pinch which prevented rail
roads from buying cars between 1913
and 1916, and for the neglect to de
velop water transportation. Steamers
and barges could have carried fruit
from the Middle Columbia to Portland
where it could have been transferred
to sea-going vessels for transportation
to the Atlantic Coast. Many cars
would thus be released to carry fruit
that is not accessible by water.
The people who gather at a boxing
exhibition differ .somewhat from the
usual crowd in .theater or hall In that
about every other person smokes his
favorite brand of cigar, cigarette or
pipe tobacco. In a short time the
place is hazy. Attention must be given
to ventilation, as smoking cannot
and with that crowd should not be
prohibited.
The late Edward C. Brigham, pio
neer Jeweler, was a conservative citi
zen and business man of good stock.
who began his manhood in the service
of his country in the Rebellion. He
fulfilled the scriptural injunction, met
his obligations and leaves to his de
scendants the memory of a good man
Can one do more?
The main thing now needed for bum
per crops next season is the right kind
of weather at the right time. We
have the soil, the seed, the machines,
the science and the men and women.
If the weather will only behave, the
only other things we need worry about
are the ships to carry the stuff across
the ocean.
Women workers for the Red Cross
have coined a new word. When they
see a woman knitting wool of any
other color than gray, which Is the
Red Cross color, they infer that she
is working for herself or her family,
and they call her a "pig-knitter."
A farm of 100 acres of fine land in
Polk has just sold for $18,800. Many
land-poor men in other counties could
sell If they ler ?l at such a reasonable
figure, but they want two or three
times that price.
The Pope has appealed to the cen
tral governments to order proper re
spect for women and children in the
captured parts of .Italy, but Hun pre
cedent is against anything of the sort.
Everybody who had a war garden
last Summer should have one look at
the potatoes grown in the Deschutes
country, in the Land Show, and regis
ter a vow for next Summer.
For once, at least, Gifford Pinchot
may be right, in leaving the food ad
ministration organization because he
could not run it his Way. Anyway, he
was right in resigning.
Strikers at the Trail smelter against
enforced military service do not know
the Canadian government and what
it will do, but they are going to have
a great time learning.
From Tacoma comes the news that
Mount Rainier is quaking, but there
must be some error in transmission
If it were Mount Tacoma the report
would be credible.
The young man in the trenches who
does not get a Christmas box will hope
until the distribution ends, and then
wonder if the world forgets him. At
tend to it today.
After standardized bread will come
standardized appetites, regulated in
proportion to a person's height and
girth.
Militant suffragists in Washington
who scorn fines and go to jail should
get sentences long enough to cure
them.
There is civil war in the ranks o
John Barleycorn. Grapegrowers in
California want to eliminate whisky.
Meat prices have advanced 87.3 per
cent in the past two years.and the
bones weigh as much as ever.
The barred Eone for alien enemies
may have embraced the borders o
this country.
The Italians know the Hun horror
of water and turn loose the floods.
The Auditorium should
with children today.
be filled
It's ' a
today.
good-fellow tair you wear
What Y. M. G. A. Is Doing
for Your Soldier.
Br CsrUtoshet Morloy.
If every thinking person could hear
the speech of the Y. M. C. A. secretaries
as they come back from France to tell
what they have seen, there would be
no question of how the association is
to raise the 135,000,000 it needs to carry
on its work until next July. Rich men
would be selling their limousines and
rich women their furs, all of us hoard
ing and sacrificing in every way we
know to help this gallant human
crusade. Crusade is the only word;
every phase of the work is illuminated
ith the light of the cross.
The Y. M. C. A. goes with your boy
from the time he leaves home right
through the whole gamut of warfare.
In those dark, lonely minutes before he
goes over the top, his last contact with
this world, with this life he loves so
well, is a cup of tea given him In the
front line by the Y. M. C. A.
Do you want your boy to have that
up of tea?
And as the wounded men hobble back
o the dressing station and men are
walking back from No Man's Land with
wounds that would kill most of us
outright in less heroic times the Y.
M. C. A. is ready with tea. cakes of
hocolate and other comforts. Every
man, before his wounds are dressed,
gets hot soup, biscuits whatever the
M. O. A. has. One Y. M. C. A. tent
ehind the British lines has cared for
3,600 wounded men in one day: 40,000
In a month.
Just in so far as you and I fail to
upport this work, in so far are we
eglecting to help our own flesh and
blood in their sorest need. A Colonel
in the British medical corps, looking
out Into a courtyard where 2000
ounded Tommies were waiting stoical
ly to have their wounds treated, cried
What under heaven would we do here
without the Y. M. C. A.?" In the dress
ing' station haggard doctors were treat
ing wounds as fast as men slice pie in
Chllds" restaurant. And In a tent be-
ide that courtyard the Y. M. C. A.
ecretaries were brewing tea, passing
out chocolates, soup, etc.. as fast as
they could work.
There is no road in the world ao
lonely as that trod by the men moving
p to the front line before an attack.
n full kit, with their "tin hats." gas
masks, bombs, rifles and bayonets, they
trudge silently on. No road was ever
o lonely since the path to Gethsemane
nd Calvary. Men speak In whispers.
if at all.
In watching thousands of English
and Canadians move up to the front
rencn during the recent push near
Ypres, a Y.' M. C. A. secretary reports
that the only cheerful word he heard
poken was when an association lorry
passed up the road with supplies. "Good
old Y. M. C. A.!" cried a Tommy and
there rose a feeble cheer.
At the great French port which Is
our naval base the Association is op-
rating a splendid big restaurant.
where our sailors can get plenty of
good home food at minimum prices.
Mrs. Vincent Astor Is working there;
one of the first sailors she waited on
was a man who had been a table stew-
rd on her own yacht last year. There
Is a big 1. M. C. A. hostel in the same
port where, the sailors can get beds.
wholesome recreation and the touch of
home Influence that keeps a man from
going wrong. The Y. M. C. A. secre
taries even go out with the men on the
destroyers on active duty, to help In
ny way they can.
Among the land forces the work is
necessarily more complex. Our troops
are quartered In a large number of
very small villages. In each of these
villages the Association has already
set up its quarters In a tent, a stable,
lean-to wherever it can. Music,
writing paper, boxing bouts, hot drinks.
chewing gum, baseball outfits, books
with every weapon the secretaries try
to safeguard the idle hours. We dare
not blink the great perils our men face
over there. These are worse enemies
than the Germans. The men are paid
liberally; they have plenty of spending
money; wine and other temptations are
at hand. In one village of 300 Inhabi
tant where our men are quartered
there are 24 wine shops. Most of this
problem must be left to the Imagina
tion; let It be said plainly that the
problem is imperative. The "Battle of
Paris" has Incapacitated many a man
long before he got into the trenches.
American leaders over there are call
ing on the Association to spend every
energy it has in combating the vice
problem. In this matter we are fight
ing for the lives of our own future gen
erations. Every dollar, every book
every film, every baseball we can send
over is a weight on the credit side.
The Association alms to provide in
terest and amusement for every minute
off duty. It changes money for the
men. supplies reading matter, moving
pictures, concerts, food, beds, games.
religious services for men of all creeds.
Protestant, Catholic, Jew, white or In
dian or negro, it knows no distinctions.
It Is trying to make trance aafe for
our own democracy.
Thousands offc our men go to France
by way of England. In London is the
great Eagle Hut (the Y. M. C. A.
buildings are known abroat as "huts")
which is headquarters for all our men
in England. Wherever your boy em
barks or debarks, the Association is
waiting for him. In the French ports
and In Paris it is running big hotels
for the men in Uncle Sam's uniform. A
big Y. M. C. A. hostel for American of
ficers la to be erected In St. James
Kauara in London. One of the two Y
M. C. A. hostels In Paris is run by lira.
Theodore Roosevelt Junior. The As
soclatlon expeats also to open hostels
In the French Alps where Americans on
leave can be cared for.
So far-reaching and wonderful is the
work, that the five American censors
in one camp say that three-fourths
of the letter materials that pass
through their hands describe the bene
fits offered by the Y, M. C. A.
Don't get the idea that the T. M. C.
A. work is merely behlnd-the-iine
work. In tiny little dugouts and shack
right ud under the constant rain o
shells the secretaries: are working
night and day to supply the needs
the men. Imagine a little hut or hovel
the roof punctured by a hug shell
hole, perhaps patched and hit and
patched again, a greasy mud floor cov
ered here and there by a plank run
way, a lucky horseshoe hanging over
the door, a fire of klndllnjs biasing in
a tin bucket or Improvised hearth.
few rude benches and a makeshift
counter. Here the "walking wound
ed hobble In on their way back
from the charge, cr the men stop i
cold and famished from the long dark
Winter hours on watch. At that plac
and time a tin of hot cocoa la worth
more to your boy than a marble llbrar
on Main ntreet at home. And the only
way you can ensure his getting tha
cocoa, that friendly service, that soul
and-body-warmlng contact with life
and human love is by contributing to
the Y. M. C A.
ReesTerr of Property.
FOSSIL. Or., Nov. 16. (To the Edl
tor.) Where can I find out about th
laws of Canada relating to the helrshl
of property transferred to others
through fraud of 60 years' standing
With whom could I confer to regal
possession of land?
ANXIOUS READER. s
Employ a lawyer of the locality in
which the property is situated.
NINETEEN NATION'S ARB ALLIED
War Declared by Tkrm on Germany or
Germany Allies.
CAMAS. Wash.. Nov. 15. (To the Ed
itor.) Please print a list of the 21
countries now allied against Germany
and the date upon which they entered
the war. Please name also the coun
tries which have severed relations
with Germany but have not actually
declared war. B. II. CONKLE.
In Indicating the IS countries which
are at war with Germany and her al
lies the Official Bulletin of October 9
also showed the natlAis which have
broken diplomatic relations with the
German government and the dates
when declarations of war were made
by the different nations Involved In the
world struggle. We reprint the sum
mary herewith:
At war with Germany or her allies
Serbia. Russia, France. Great Brtialn. Mon
tenegro. Japan. Delirium. Italy. San Marino.
Portugal. Koumania. t;reere, Cuba. Han-
ma. hum, Liberia. China and Vnlteil States.
Ulplumatio relations broken with Jtr-
many Brazil. Bolivia. Haiti. Honduras and
Nicaragua.
leclaralions of war made Austria vs.
Belgium. August 28. 1H; Austria vs. Mon-
e negro. Aukusi 9, lttl-4: Austria vs. Russia,
uguat . luH: Austria vs. Serbia. July as.
14; Bulgaria vs. a-r!ila. October 1.
(una vs. Austria. August 14. 1U17; China
Germany, August 1. 117: Cuba vs.
ermany, April 7. 1U17: France vs. Austria.
August 11!. 1KU; Franca vs. Bulgaria. Oc
tober IS. 191S: France vs. (Jermany. Auguit
twi-t: Oarmany vs. France. August 3. l'.14;
ermany vs. Portugal. March U. lulu; Ger
many vs. Russia. August 1. 1U14: Great
ritalo vs. Bulgaria. October Itt. lwl.-:
reat Britain vs. Austria. August 1'J, l;M4;
reat Britain vs. tiermany. August 5. 11U4:
reat Britain vs. Turkey. November 5. 1SU4:
reece pruvlstonul KOVerninvnl I v Mili
aria. November is. IMltl: tireece (Drovlslon.il
rnment) vs. Germany. November L's.
Ureeca vs. Bulgaria. Ju!v 117:
reece vs. Germany. July 1, lull; l;a!y vs.
UStrla, AUL'Ult "1. lul.'i: llilv v Hulirirl..
ctober lull; Italy vs. Germany. Au-
ust KS. lulrt; Japan vs. Germany. August
Liberia vs. Germany. August 4.
117; Montenegro vs. Austria Aiipmr in
"14; Panama, vi Germane Anril 7 hit'
Koumania vs. Austria. Aucimr i7 turn"
fcerbia vs. Turkey. December " 1M14-
Austria. July 21. 1U17: Siam va. Ger
many. July 21. 1917: Turkey vs. Allies. No-
ember 23. 1!14: Turkev v Tti.umsi n l i..-
-ut 29, cnued States vs. Germany.
April J. 1U17.
Since the summary was printed Bra
il has declared war October 26, 1917.
In4ereat on Taxra la In I form.
FOREST G ROVE. Or.. Nov. 15. (Tn
he Editor.) If a nronertv owner in
Multnomah and Tillamook Counties
does not pay any portion of his taxes
netore .November & of any year, he Is
required to pay 4 per cent additional.
Washington County. If a nronertv
owner does not pay any portion of his
axes oetore .-November 5. he is reaulred
to pay 7 per cent additional.
why is not this rate uniform In all
the counties of the state? Which should
be paid. 4 per cent or 7 per cent?
C. L. LARGE, M. D.
Tax laws are uniform throughout the
state. The correspondent has probably
misunderstood a simplified method of
computing Interest on unpaid taxes.
The first half of taxes la due April 5;
the second half October 5. - An interest
charge of 1 per cent a month is made
against unpaid taxes Thus, if a per
son had paid no taxea on his property
before November 6 he would be
charged 1 per cent a month interest on
the first halt for seven months and 1
per cent a month on the second half
lor one month. The sum of the differ
ent Interest charges on the two halves
equivalent to 4 per cent on the
whole.
wn movemoer t a penalty or 5 Der
ceni is auuea to the interest charge.
All But FfW Demand Notea Redeemed
PENDLETON. Or.. Nov. 13. (To the
Editor.) 1 have read with amusement
Dr. Agua" letter in The Oregonian. I
remember that the Populist party used
mat same argument about Uie tirst is
sue of greenbacks. The so-called
greenbacks were not greenbacks; they
were demand notes, issued under a law
passed under Buchanan's administra
tion. The Government never suspend
ed specie payments and always paid
them on demand. That is why they al
ways remained as good aa gold.
If the doctor will look In the World
Almanac of 1915, page S04, he ran see
that there are over $a3.000 unredeemed.
I suppose they have been burned, lost
or destroyed or are held in curio of
fice and may never be redeemed. In
my opinion the exception clause on the
greenback kept them from a greater
depreciation, it being necessary for the
Government to have some gold or our
currency would have been aa worthless
as Confederate money.
I distinctly remember those old de
mand notes. They were soon all re
deemed and destroyed except the little
remnant. a P. HUTCHINSON.
1810 West Webb street.
Minimum Draft IIelBht.
PORTLAND, Nov.- 18. (To the Bdl-
itor.) A bets B that the required
height for the draft is 61 Inches aiJ
B bets A that It Is 3 inches. Which is
right. A or B? A.
Men whose height Is 61 Inches are
accepted if they are of good physique.
well developed and muscular.
SPECIAL ARTICLES AND STORIES OF CURRENT EVENTS IN
THE SUNDA Y OREGONIAN
SENDING ARMY AND GUNS "OVER THERE" In this article,
contributed by Rene Bache, the huge task, of transporting men and
supplies across the Atlantic, in quantity sufficient to win the war,
is thoroughly discussed. Through reading it one gains some con
ception of the "chore" that Uncle Sam has, undertaken and is car
rying through in amazing style.
SKETCHES WITH THE NEW ARMY Drawn from life at the can
tonments are these kindly sketches by W. E. Hill, who' presents
a full page of them in the Sunday issue. There is the chap who
thinks a "good front" will make him an officer forthwith, and
the artless soul who hails his company commander, "Morning,
Cap! How's every little thing?'
"EMERGENCY RATIONS" Something about the tabloid foods, tiny
but potent, that will sustain American soldiers when they are cut
off from the commissary in a front-line trench, or are holding a
shell hole until relief shall come.
MY 24-HOUR HONEYMOON Here's a real romance about a day
that was won from the war gods, while Lieutenant James O.
Taylor, amid the bustle of preparation for a sailing to France,
secured permission for 24 hours' leaver and was married by tele
phone. UNCLE SAM'S WAR CRY Still in the iron districts of Minnesota
is Frank G. Carpenter, special contributor to The Sunday Ore
gonian. "Efficiency," he asserts, is the modern battle cry of
America, and tells what the word means in ore transportation.
WHO IS NUMBER ONE? "A Marine Miracle" i3 the fourth epi
' sode of this tense mystery serial by Anna Katharine Green, ap
pearing in The Sunday Oregonian and at local motion-picture the
aters. "Periscope two points to starboard, sir!"
CHURCH AND SCHOOL A page devoted to each in the Sunday
issue, with complete announcements and reports. The weekly
sermon is a discussion of "Faith as a Form of Personal Power,"
by Rev. J. H. Boyd, of the First Presbyterian Church.
ITS ALL THERE The Sunday issue is complete. Whether you are
looking for the latest reliable news from the turmoil of Europe,
or the score of the big football game, you will find it in The Sun
day Oregonian. Departments suited to each member of the fam
ily, well written and reliable.
THE SUNDAY OREGONIAN
Just Five CenU.
WHY CHINA PIIKASAXTS JUtE FEW
Game Law Leaves Ileus Without Males ,
and Kgga Are Infertile.
ST. PAUL, Or.. Nov. 15. To the Ed
itor.) I have read Mr. Quimby's arti
cle, which appeared a few days ago in
The Oregonian. in which he advances a
new theory as to why there are so few
China pheasants. Among other things,
he says:
"Another serious reason for the
scarcity of the China pheasant is that
there has been to much inbreeding that
they are not so prolific as in former
yea rs."
He also Ftated the stock Js inferior to
what it formerly was.
1 live on the farm, where I frequently
see this biad. 1 agree with him that
few fine specimens are left, but that
there is a decided scarcity. Personally.
I do not think it is due to inbreeding,
but due to the effect the law passed a.
few years ago allowing only the male
birds to be hunted had upon deterior
ating and decimating this game bird.
If only the runty stock would have
fallen under the hunter's gun perhaps
th law would have worked out nil
right, but as the fine specimens as well
as the unthrifty-looking birds survived
it left not enouiih birds to allow na
ture by the process of the survival of
the fittest to eliminate tho inferior,
stock.
It has been my "experience many a
time I must, however say not lately.
though to see two stalely roosters
'fishting It out." By this method na
ture crowded out the weaklings.
By killing the "roosters" not only
was nature Interfered with in trying
to keep up the stock, but it also had
the effect of leaving some hens with
out mates. .
I have run the plow into nests of 14
or 15 eirgs, not one being fertile. 1
have had nemubors tell me of the same
experience. Surely something out to bo
done if we acain wish to make China
pheasant hunting a real sport-
It appears to me that If the hunting
of all upland game birds be prohibited
until nature again has had a chance
to build up this finely-plumed bird that
that would be tho remedy. And let
there be no joker in the next law, such
as was suggested the"bther day in a
news item of allowing only ijuail to be
hunted, as this again would bo a fine
excuse for the hunters to tramp the
field and shoot anything that "popped
up," virtually nullifying the law on the
one bird that should be protected. Be
sides, wero no hunting whatever of
game birds allowed It would be easier
for the game wardens to apprehend
those that do unlawful shootinc
S. A. HULl' En.
V
Hlntory of Standard Oil Klne.
NAPAVI.N'E. Wash., Nov. 15. To tho
Editor.) Please answer throutr.li your
columns who were the presiding Su
preme Judges when they decided tho
Standard Oil Company fine waa uncon
stitutional and date of decision.
A SCBSCK1BER.
If you mean the fine of 129.240,000
Imposed by a decision of Judpe Land is.
It was never declared unconstitutional
by the Supreme Court. The Judgment
was reversed by a decision of Jude
Peter L. Grosscup, of the United Slates
Circuit Court of Appeals, July 22. 1908.
and the whole case was remanded for re
trial. An attempt was mado by the
Government to obtain a review of tho
evidence by the United States Supremo
Court on writ of certiorari, but tho
application was denied. In the second
trial In tho original court the Uovern
ment lost.
Relief of War Prinonrrs.
ASTORIA. Or.. Nov. 15. (To the EdU
tor.) Can you tell me how to get in
touch with any American prisoners
that the Germans may have, that wo
may send them common necessities of
life to alleviate their hard lot? Also
how to reach British or French pris
oners? While the good people of tha
American continent are anxiously try
ing to Bee that their "Sammies" have
a Christmas to be long remembered,
how about the men who are prisoners?
What will be done for them then, and
In the long, dreary months to follow?
M. A- OKKTU.N.
Extensive relief work among pris
oners in Germany Is performed through
the agency of the Red Cross. Confer
with your local chapter concerning any
special contribution you may wish to
make.
.oration of Hoy In Navy.
PORTLAND, Nov. 16. (To the Edi
tor.) Is there any possible way of lo
cating' a boy that has enlisted In tho
United States Navy, in April? He was
sent to litemerton Navy-yard and I
would like to find out on what ship
he is. VERY ANXIOUS.
Try writing to the commandant at
IT. S. Navy-yard. Bremerton. While tho
name of his ship may be. given, its lo
cation will not be revealed.
Alms of the Bolsheviki.
DALLAS. Or., Nov. 15. (To the Edi
tor.) Briefly define the origin and
aims of the Russian party known aa
the Bolsheviki. 1. A. MacKENZlE.
The question is discussed in another
column on this paire