THE 3IORXIXG OREGOXUX, FRIDAY. OCTOBER
19, 1917.
SLAV LABOR RULE
STIFLES INDUSTRY
Low Factory Output Due to
Committee Control With
Shortage Being Felt.
PLOTTING HUNS REWARDED
With Teutons In Principal Industries
Before War, beginning of Hos
tilities Is Siionn to Have
Hindered Production.
BY TtHETA CHILD E DORR.
(Copyright, 1S1T, by the New York Evening
Mail. )
I said yesterday that John Stevens,
head of the railroad commission sent
to Russia from the United States, had
fihown the Russian government how to
increase its transportation facilities
60 per cent. In a report made public
in mid-August Mr. Stevens said that
the chief cause of the railroad crisis
"was bad management.
Locomotives traveled 2S00 versts a
month when they could be made to
travel 5000 versts. A verst is about
t hree-quprters of a mile. Twice as much
freight as was being hauled could be
carried, said Mr. Stevens. Freight cars
were constantly being sent out only
half loaded.
Mr. Stevens recommended govern
ment dictatorship of all railroads, both
publicly and privately owned.
Workmen Control Railroads.
That was rather naive, considering
that the government was powerless to
control, much less to dictate to, any
department of activity in the empire.
A little earlier Mr. Xekrassoff, then
Minister of Ways and Communications,
issued a circular in which he outlined
his plan for coping with the railroad
crises, lie advised turning the entire
railroad system over to the workmen,
the engineers, firemen, ondi ctors and
mach inists.
A shriek of protest went up from the
engineering profession and a howl of
laughter arose from the press of Rus
sia. But the fact of the matter is that
the railroads .were and are still, for all
practical purposes, in the hands of the
working people, and so is every other
industry in Russia.
One of the great dreams of the So
cialists and philosophical anarchists is
of the day when the worker shall own
his tools, as they put it, when all in
dustry shall be owned by the people
who operate the machines and all
profits shall be shared by them. It
really is a great dream and will prob
ebly be realized in some measure some
day. But not now. The human race
is not yet educated to such a Utopia.
The strongest proof that the capital
istic class is not yet ready to pass is
the well-known fact that the secret
ambition of almost every human being
In every walk of life is to become a
capitalist, large or small.
This has just been proved on an enor
mous scale in Russia. The workers
have seized the factories, shops, depart
ment stores and offices and in no in
stance of which I could learn, and I
searched diligently, have they used
their great opportunity wisely or un
selfishly for the common good. They
have used it to get all the money pos
sible out of the employers and to ren
der back the minimum of service.
Suffering to End Chaos.
This is what is the matter with the
transportation system in Russia. It is
the reason why the people of Petrograd.
Moscow and other cities will go cold
and hungry this Winter, one reason
why the death rate of children and old
people, already appallingly large, will
grow more appalling within the next
few months; one reason, and a very
strong une. why order has not been re
stored in Russia.
High as are the prices of all food
and manufactured articles, the working
people, as a class, have money enough
to pay for them, and not until the mer
chants' stocks are comepletely gone
una tne weather gets too cold to stand
in line long hours in order to buy will
the purblind workers realize their sit
uation. Not until then will they realize
what their elnshness and cruel folly
lias done to themselves and the entire
working class of the country.
So struck was I by the scarceness of
goods in the shops and the soaring
prices of almost every article that I
went to the Minister of Labor and
DISEASE IS
EVER THE SAME
nd in view of this fact a medicine
like Hood's Siirsaparilla, which has
hoen su.cessful for more than 4 0
years, is it safe one to rely upon.
Hood's Sarsapai ilia is known to the
people of America as the standard
blood purifier. Its record is one of
geuenil satisfaction and remarkable
results. There is nothing better as a
general tonic and appetite-maker for
wenk and run-down men, women and
children and old people, invalids and
iinn alesccnts.
It is pleasant to take, aids digestion
and supplies the vital organs with rich
red blood essential to perfect health.
:ei Hood's Sarsaparilla today and
bcf.lii u take it at once. Adv.
COZY
Ej High quality.quick service, clean
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323 Washington St., ar Sixth.
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Hot Cakes. Waffles or Any Short S
Order Any Time of Day or Night. r;
Cuticura Soap
Is Ideal for the
Complexion and Skin
Because So Delicately Medicated
Medicines That Aid Nature Most
Effectual.
As a general rule the medicines that
Hid Nature are most effectual. Cham
berlain's Cough Remedy acts on this
plan. It loosens the cough, relieves the
lungs, opens the secretions and aids
Nature in restoring the system to a
healthy condition. When you have need
f such a medicine give it a trial, you
will never regret it. Adv.
asked him to tell me something of in-T
dustrial conditions in the country.
I was not entirely ignorant of those (
conditions. I knew, for example, that
Russia is not exclusively an agricul
tural country, that, on the contrary,
her development as a manufacturing
country has been going on In leaps and
bounds, especially in the last dozen
years. Russia has a proletariat and a
factory system almost as Jarge pro
portionately as those of the United
States. Her iron industry, her cotton
mills, her machine shops are enormous
and in normal times they are wonder
fully productive.
After the suppressed "revolution of
1905-06 important reforms in the land
laws were enacted, and for the first
time the peasants were given their
lands in fee simple. That is, they were
given an opportunity in certain cir
cumstances to take title to their share
in communal lands. This gave them an
opportunity to sell if they chose, and
a large number of peasant artisans did
sell their lands, moved into the cities
and became factory workers. Before
this time the factory workers had more
or less alternated between town and
rural life.
The leaders of the Social Democratic
party encouraged by every means in
their power the selling of lands by
peasant owners, because they wanted
the workers to move to town, organize
in labor unions and become a political
power. In their own words, they want
ed to create a landless working class,
one which, having no stake in prop
erty, would the more easily revolt
against the government and more
heartily support the movement to cre
ate a co-operative commonwealth.
Socialists Flan Faulty.
It was good reasoning up to a certain
point. A man with a piece of land
thinks twice before he puts -that land
in danger of being absorbed by his
neighbors. He hesitates before he
takes a course of action which might
turn even a bad government out. At
least, the bad government protects his
title.
But the leaders of the Social Demo
crats left one important human element
out of their reasoning. A landless man
makes a good revolutionist, it is true,
but he does not necessarily - make a
good co-operator. Nine and three
quarters times in ten he is just as
strong for No. 1 as the real estate
owner. When he gets a chance to grab
power and money he- does it, and he
divides up just as little as the others
let him.
When I called on the Minister of
Labor and asked him what was the
matter with industry, his face assumed
an expression of mingled amusement
and despair. "If you really want to
know," he said, in effect, "go and look
at some of our factories."
I was given an official document,
elaborately stamped and signed, au
thorizing me to enter and inspect any
factory in Petrograd, and I began,
bright and early the next morning,
with one of the largest munitions fac
tories in the Viborg district of the city.
I showed my pass to the man at the
gate, who read it doubtfully and said
he didn't think it was good. "What
right has the Minister of Labor to give
you permission to visit this plant?" he
inquired. "If . anybody had a right to
give you such permission. I should
think it would be the Minister of War,
for only war materials are manufac
tured here. Anyhow, I don't think you
can get in."
Committee Forbid Visit.
I asked him mildly if he was sure
that he had the power to keep me out
and I suggested that he put the case
up to a higher authority, the manager,
for instance. He turned to a wall tele
phone in his little gate house and con
versed with someone at the other end
of the line. Then he said: "The com
mittee is in session and will see you."
T had a long talk with this com
mittee, but I did not get into the fac
tory. The men would not permit me
to get, in. They wouldn't even . allow
me to see anyone connected with the
office force. Kindly but (irmly they
gave me to understand that 'they were
all the power there was in that plant
and they could give me all the infor
mation I could possibly need. So I sat
there for an hour or so and. through
my interpreter, learned how manufac
turing is carried on when the workers
own their own tools.
Most of my notes having been de
stroyed by the censor, I am not certain
how many delegates per thousand
workers make up a committee of man
agement in a Russian factory, but I
think each unit of 100 men elects a rep
resentative. Perhaps there are 200 men
to the unit. My memory for numbers
is not always reliable.
At all events, the committee mem
bers, who are usually the intelligent
and highly paid workers, do no work
except committee work. But they draw
their full pay. The employer has no
voice in the conduct of his own busi
ness. The committee tells him how
much he pays his employes, what their
hours of work are, when they arrive
and when they depart and how much
they produce. And the employer pays
the committee for its kind words and
deeds.
War Brings Crlsin.
When I was in Russia in 1906 one of
the most striking things to me was the
prevalence of German shopkeepers,
German managers. German foremen.
You hardly ever saw a Russian in com
mand of any industry. 1 spoke of this
to a Russian friend and told him that
I should not like to see in my country
all the business controlled by foreign
ers, for these Germans were not even
Russian citizens. He shrugged his
shoulders and said "Nitihevo." which
means almost anything and is a gen
eral expression of indifference or res
ignation tr the inevitable. "We have
no heads for that sort of thing, we
Russians." he apologized.
"Rut what if you should ever go to
war with Germany?" T asked. And he.
sobered a little, said: "We should have
to learn to be business men and skilled
mechanics in that rase, and we should
have a devil of a time doing it."
Kight years later, almost to a day.
they did go to war with Germany, and
they did have a devil of a time adjust
ing their industries to meet the crisis
caused by the exodus of thousands of
highly-skilled German managers and
department heads in hundreds of fac
tories and shops throughout the em
pire. Germans Hinder Development.
One story told me in Moscow is repre
sentative, I believe. A very large fac
tory taken over by the government for
the fine toolmaking: facilities its ma
chines afforded was found to be man
aged exclusively by German foremen
and managers. Not only had they
drawn large salaries for years in that
factory, but they had insisted on hiring
for the last processes and the -most
highly skilled workmen from Germany.
They didn't want, or rather the Ger
man government didn't want, the Rus
sian people to know how to do skilled
work. They wanted to keep Russia in
exactly the right condition for perma
nent commercial exploitation by the
fatherland.
1 go Into this because I think it is
only fair to the Russian working class
to explain that they have not been al
lowed to develop the intelligence and
skill which the Knglish and American
working classes have done. Because
the Russians of the working class have
in their seven months' debauch of lib
erty and the control of industry
wrecked their country industrially and
have brought themselves and their own
people to the verge of starvation, they
have done to their class approximately
what the mutinous soldiers at the front
did to the men who wanted to go for
ward and fight shot them in the back.
1 know this because I have seen it.
The next factory I approached the com
mittee let roe in. Tomorrow I will tell
sbtneUiins of, what I loimd, there. .
MUTINOUS SPIRIT
IN NAVY SPREADS
German Sailors Refuse
Board Submarines and
Are Handcuffed.
to
AUSTRIANS ALSO REVOLT
Clashes Between Sailors of Central
Powers Reported Everything
Indicates Discontent Is
Growing.
AMSTERDAM, Oct. 18. A mutiny
among German sailors at the Belgian
port at Ostend. who refused to go on
board submarines, is reported by the
Belgische Dagblad. The newspaper
says an officer was thrown into the
sea and that 30 mutineers were re
moved in handcuffs to Bruges.
WASHINGTON. Oct. 18. Official dip
lomatic dispatches received here today
report mutinies in the Austrian navy
and clashes between Austrian sailors
and crews of the German submarine
fleet based at Pola, in which officers
on both sides have been killed, and
which resulted in a decision to change
the base of the German flotilla.
Anatrlans Are Ill-Treated.
Despite the attempts of the Austrian
Admiralty to suppress the news, it
reached here today, coming by way of
Berne. The Austrian crews are said
to have revolted under ill treatment of
officers and bad food, while the clash
with the German submarine crews was
caused by the overbearing conduct of
the latter.
The dispatches say the tension be
tween Austrian and German crews be
came so alarming that extraordinary
measures were taken to prevent a re
currence of the fighting between them,
which included the decision to move
the German submarine flotilla from
the Austrian base at Pola to another
point further south on the Adriatic.
The fighting between the two sets of
crews is described as having been san
guinary. Mutiny la Significant.
This news of mutiny in the Austrian
navy, received in the capital today al
most at the same time as the Amster
dam dispatches reporting further mu
tinies in the Germany navy this time
among submarine crews created a
profound impression among American
naval officers and among other offi
cials who have been watching the sit
uation with expectation since the first
mutinies in the German fleet were re
ported a few days ago.
The first signs of mutiny in the Ger
man fleet were regarded as most sig
nificant, since, unlike the army, it has
endured little of the hardship of cam
paigning. Dispatches from abroad,
however, confirm the opinion of Ameri
can naval officers that It. probably
was due in part at least to the drafting
of seamen for submarine crews, a serv
ice which has come to hold terrors for
the German seamen because of the in
flexible British policy of never making
any announcement of the fate of cap
tured or lost crews of the German sub
marines. Suspense Breaka Morale.
This suspense as to the fate of com
rades who go out never to be heard of
again was expected to undermine the
morale of the navy.
Clashes between German and Aus
trian crews are regarded in navavl cir
cles here as adding much significance
to the situation, particularly when con
sidered in the light of the extreme sit
uation of Austria. whose fighting
forces are at thepoint of exhaustion.
tion. There can be no doubt of it.
But if we had not intervened our honor I
and our wealth alike would have been
lost to us. We should have had to
fight in the end against military odds
that had broken England and France,
and we should have paid in indemnities
far more than this war can ever
cost us.
What is worse still, our money and
our shame would have imposed abso
lutism upon the world for generations
to come, and this terrible struggle for
emancipation would have been be
queathed to our children's children.
I have seen this war from both sides
and I know that unless Kaiserism is
destroyed democracy "Will be destroyed.
We cannot live in the same world wtth
the kind of a Germany that Prussian
militarism has created and that the
Kaiser is directing.
War la for Freedom.
Let there be no mistake about it
we are fighting a new war of inde
pendence, and it Is as' truly a war of
independence as that which our ances
tors fought under Washington from
1776 to 1783. We are fighting a new
war against slavery from that with
which Lincoln emancipated the Repub
lic, but slavery it Is- the slavery of
white to white. which the military
caste of Prussia has sought to impose
upon all civilization.
Under Wilson we are battling in a
new war for emancipation, and there
can be no terms but unconditional sur
render on the part of Kaiserism and
absolutism. Anything short of that is
a victory for Germany. Anything less
than the complete triumph of the forces
of democracy, in which the United
States is now the leader, will beaueath
to me next generation the heritage of
another, conflict more terrible still
than that which is drenching the world
in blood.
It was Bernhardt who formulated the
battle cry of Kaiserism as it seized the
sword Weltmacht oder Niedergang
world mastery or downfall. It must be
downfall. Wilhelm II decreed the war.
In the providence of God the Ameri
can people under Woodrow Wilson, to
gether with their allies, can decree the
peace, and there must, be no compro
mise. Absolutism must be destroyed,
root and branch. Only then can the
world have a new birth of -freedom.
LUMBER RATES TO STAND
WESTERX FINE MAXCFACTIHERS'
C031PLAI.T DISMISSED.
MEN Now Is the Time to Buy
Your New Beacon
Bath & House Robes
wo
KAISER'S PLOT IS BARED
(Continued From rap 2.)
Interstate Commerce Commission De
cides Rates From Inland Empire
Points Reasonable and Jnst.
OREGOXIAX NEWS BUREAU. Wash
ington, Oct. 18. The Interstate Com
merce Commission has dismissed the
complaint of the Western Pine Manu
facturers' Association against the
Great Northern and others, wherein
it was alleged that through rates on
lumber from Eastern Oregon and
Washington. Idaho and Western Mon
tana to points in Central Freight As
sociation territory are unreasonable
and unjustly discriminatory. Com
plaint against existing minimum
weights also was dismissed. .
The complainant represented most of
the lumber manufacturers in the In
land Empire, and objected to pres
ent rates, which are the aggregate of
intermediate rates.
"The mere fact that through rates
are composed of the aggregate of in
termediate rates," says the Commis
sion, "is not sufficient to condemn
them without proof that such an ad
justment results in rates that are in
violation of the law."
The Spokane rate to St. Paul is 42
cents and to Chicago 52 cents, and
rates from Bend. North Yakima, etc.,
1 cent higher. These rates will stand.
GERMAN FLEET IN GULF
(Continued From First PagO
no more nonsense from the Americans.
If Germany was victorious and Great
Britain and France were crushed, the
1'nited States would have been at
tacked on the pretext that it had sup
plied the allies with money and muni
tions and be compelled to pay an in
demnity that would make Germany the
richest nation in the world in spite of
her enormous losses. I have heard this
indemnity mentioned at 550,000,000,000,
or 00,000,000,000 marks.
There is not the slightest doubt in
my mind thaat this is what the Kaiser
would have done if the allies had been
defeated. Indeed, the humbling" and
cripplintc of the United States were no
less essential to the Kaiser's ambition
to create a master state than the hum
bling and crippling of Great Britain.
Here were unlimited riches in the
hand.- of 100.000,000 people who had not
had the courage to defend themselves.
They had made billions out of the war:
why not take it away from them and
put the German Kmpire back, on its
feet?
AVhen a. Senator like La Follette as
serts that we had only a technical
grievance against Germany, the men
who applaud him for assailing the
President's policy are blind and deaf
and dumb to the calamity which was
hanging over the country.
It is freely admitted by French and
British statesmen that the cause of
the a!1fs was savp ! by our intrven-
fcrces in Moon Sound kept back fierce
attacks from the north in the rear of
our combatting forces. These enemy
attempts did not succeed.
On the southwestern coast of Dago
Island the enemy again landed some
small detachments, but they were re
ceived by our fire and soon returned to
their ships. Shortly afterward the ene
my violently bombarded this landing
piace with a cruiser and a dreadnought
of the Kaiser type.
Our patrols, as on days before, ob
served on the sea not far from 0sel
and Dago Islands enemy ships of dif
ferent types, w among1 them dread
noughts, accompanied by a great num
ber of torpedo-boats and patrolling
ships. As many as 53 enemy ships
were visible at times In this region
alone.
The enemy operations on Oesrl Island
in the last 24 hours have ended in the
complete occupation of the island. .Be
fore our retreat we destroyed every
thing of military utility.
On all the fighting fronts onlv fusil
lades occurred. On Tuesday night a
Zeppelin flew over the town of Pernau
(on the Gulf of Riga, 100 miles north
east of the city of Riga) and dropped
bombs. Six houses were destroyed.
lilk Producers Indicted.
OHTrAGO. Oct. 18. Charles IT.
poi-
CASTORIA
For Infants and Children
In Use For Over 30 Years
Always bears
the
3tenature of
"The Military Girl"
A Stylish Shoe
for Autumn Wear
Price $7.50
A smart laced shoe, which we show in both calf
and kid, in either cocoa brown or black. A com
fortable shoe with welt soles and sensible heels.
129 Tenth St., Bet. Washington and Alder
We Give S. & H. Trading Stamps
x . Such handsome colorings and patterns in these splendid robes ; many
I EXCLUSIVE PATTERNS. New styles in these wonderfully com-
j" fortable robes, and they are here in splendid assortments of colors and
combinations. You couldn't find a better gift for a man if you tried,
S and these evenings are made just twice as comfortable if a fellow has
J the right sort of comfortable lounging robe.
j THEY'D COST US MORE TODAY TO BUY THEM
c Rich Indian patterns, checks, stripes, all-over and
I large fancy figured designs, in blue, green, red,
c gray, brown and heather mixtures. Plain and
silk trimmed, with silk cords and deep pockets. j
j They're considerably underpriced at J
i $3.45, $4.45, $5.95, $6.65 to $K45
! j
X Just the robes for the men now going into military training. J
Mm
Jfet
i KJm'i'I'VVi
MEN! Our Famous
Jefferson Union Suits
Keep Out the Cold
-
There's a suit here for men of practically every type and build the short
stout, the long slim, the heavy weight and the small man. They are in
jusc the right v eights for present and Winter wearing, and the order was
placed before woolens and cottons advanced so high; that explains the
moderate prices!
I
j
i
j
I
j
THREE WEIGHTS OF
UNION SUITS AT $1.98
-Superweight worsted merino for early
Fall. Heavy worsted merino and extra
heavy cotton ribbed. In Winter styles; all
sizes.
FINE WORSTED MERINO
UNION SUITS, $2.48
Fine quality worsted merino, in medium
and heavy weights. Natural gray color.
Exceptional quality at this price; all sizes.
Buy a Liberty Bond Today
Help Oregon Make Its Quota
EXTRA QUALITY WORSTED
UNION SUITS, $2.85
These are worsteds in extra quality. Rich
blue mixed, in the heavy weight, popular tor
out-of-door wearing. Excellent garments.
MEDIUM HEAVY WEIGHT
UNION SUITS, $3.95
Silk and wool worsteds, in natural gray
color. A wonderful garment at a wonder
fully low price. All sizes are priced $3.95.
Main Floor Lipman, Wolfe & Co.
Just Inside IVashinglon-Street Entrance.
Bonds Purchased Through Us
Accepted as Cash in Payments
i
cTMerchamlis of cJ Merit Only
MO
ter, of Elgin, 111.,' chairman of the Milk
Producers' Association, and four other
officials were indicted today on charges
of conspiracy to fix the price of milk.
Registration Card Stolen.
REDFIELD, Wash., Oct. 18. (Spe
cial. John Henry Smith, of this place.
was robbed of his registration card
along with other things taken from
his clothes in the steamer City of
Ridgefield at the Oak-street dock, Port
land, on Tuesday afternoon. He is
engineer on the boat.
Wheat Rancher Under Arrest
PROSSER, Wash.. Oct. 17. (Special.) miles northeast of this city.
Emory Williams, 19-year-old wheat
rancher, was arrested last night by
Deputy Sheriff II. R. Tucker on a
statutory charge. The alleged offense
is said to have been committed against
a 15-year-old girl. The parties reside
1 in the Rattlesnake district about 20
Just Ten .Cents Apiece
A Whole Winter's Entertainment
Everyman and EverywomanV"
"Somewhere in Portland".
Yes it a true!
Every number of the Portland Lyoeum Course la "a
guaranteed attraotion. Many are worth, more than the prioe of the
season tioket. Yet we are selling general admission tiokets to
the entire .ten numbers for tlP0,
.How ia it possible?
' Only because w,e"have secured the Auditorium and the
Armory for these attractions.-.- The seating oapaoity is large and
wewill- sell 3000 tickets'.. .bMlfliau reserved seats.
i But buy now?
' Ho more dollar season tickets will be on sale after
Thursday Oct. 25th, date of the opening number. Only single. ad
mission tickets can then be aeoured and they will cost you from 50
to $1.00 per number. Reserved seats will oost 15 per number extra.
They will be placed on sale Monday 0ot.22nd atherman Clay's for
' seasonjbioket holders only.
Ten splendid numbers-
Five of the ten numbers ar music. HenrlSoott.
Zedeler Symphonio Quintet, Hubbard-Gotthelf , Leonid Samoloff and'
assisting artists and the Zoellner Quartet. Three splendid leo
turefs will be presented.' Hon. iTancis Heilson. Dr. Arthur Walwyn
Evans and "Burns of the Mountains". Two numberB of entertainment,
the Hetty Jane Dunaway Company and Chief Caupolioan.
i
Yours respeotfully.
l2liIS0E-miITS 1YCEU1I BUREAU
f
I Portland Lyceum Course I
I October 25 March 30
I Tickets on Sale
Sherman Clay & Co.