19
fHE 3IORMNG OREGOXIAN, FRIDAY, OCTOBER 5, 1917.
; 1
PORTLAND. OHKfiOX
HK.MBtK OF THE ASSOCIATED PRESS
The Associated Press Is exclusively en
titled to the use 'or republication of all
news credited to It or not otherwise credited
In this paper and also the local nawi pub
lished herein.
AH rights of republication of special dis
patches therein are also reserved.
Statement of the Ownership. Management,
Circulation. Ktc. Required by the Act
of Congress of August 24, IBIS,
Of Morning; 'Orcponlan. published - daily ex
cept Sunday at Portland. Orefon, for Oc
tober 1, 1817.
State of Oregon. County of Multnomah.
jseiore me. a notary public In and for tne
state and county aforesaid, personally ap
peared I', A. Morden, who.- having been
duly sworn according to law, deposes and
says that he in the business manager of The
Morning Oregonian and that the following
1a. to the best of his knowledge and belief,
a true statement of the ownership." manage
ment land if a daily paper, the circulation),
etc.. of the aforesaid publication for the
date shown in the above caption, required
by the act of August 24. 1912. embodied in
section 443, Postal Laws and Regulations,
to wit:
1. That the names and addresses of the
publisher, editor, managing editor, and busi
ness managers are:
Publisher. H. I.. Plttock. Portland. Oregon.
- Kditor. K. B. Piper. Portland. Oregon.
Business manager, C. A. Morden, Portland,
Oregon.
That the owners are Gi-e names and
addresses of Individual owners, or. if a cor
poration, give its name and the names and
addresses of stockholders owning or holding
1 per cent or more of the total amount of
stock.)
Owner. Oregonian Publishing Company,
Inc.. Portland, Oregon.
Stockholders, 14. 1.. Pittock. Portland. "Ore
gon ; The Scott Company. Portland. Oregon.
3.. That the known bondholders, mort
gagees, and other security holders owning
or holding 1 per cent or more of total
amount of bonds, mortgages, or other se
curities are: tlf there are none, so state.)
None.
4. -.That the two paragraphs next above,
giving the names of the owners, stockholders
and security holders, if any. contain not only
the list of stockholders and security holders
as they appear upon the books of the com
pany but also, in cases w-here the stock
holder or security holder appears upon the
hooks of the company as trustee or In any
other fiduciary relation, the name of' the
person or corporation for whom such trus
tee is acting, is given: also, that the -said
two paragraphs contain statements embra
cing affiant's. Full know-ledge and belief as
to the circumstances and conditions under
which stockholders and security holders
who do not appear upon the books of the
company as . trustaes.-. hold stock and se
curities In . a capacity other than that of
a bona fide owners and this afflaoit has no
reason to believe that any. other person,
association, or corporation has any interest,
direct or indirect in the saldstock, bonds,
or other securities than as so' stated by him.
5 ' That the average number of copies of
each issue of .this publicstion sold or dis
tributed, through the malls or otherwise, to
paid subscribers during the six months pre
ceding the date shown above is 6.1. 4U1. (This
information is required from daily publica
tions only.)-
C. A. MORDEN,
Business Manager.
Sworn to and subscribed before me this
d day of October, 1!U7.
Seal) V. E. HARTMl'f. -
(My commission expires May 25. 1910.)
The comparative showing, -with the
statement issued six months ago, is as
follows:
April 1.1917. Oct. 1.1917.
Daily r.-.ess 3.-4 61
Sunday 78.01 84.486
PORTLAND. FRIDAY, OCTOBER S. 1917.
"CI-OSEIV SHOP OR "0 SHIPS.
The men in the shipbuilding plants
of Portland and the Columbia River
have been working under "open" shop
conditions. They are on strike for the
"closed" - or union, shop. That is the
sole issue. There is no question o'
wages or the eight-hour day. .,.'.'
Tet there is a greafstrike, 'with
thousands of workers idle, and : ship
plants for the most part shut down
and the Government's plan of pro
viding needed vessels for vital war
purposes is to that extent impeded and
delayed. The strike for the workers,
is being handled by a committee
which is unyielding on the matter of
the "closed" shop.
On their part the operators have
publicly announced their willingness
to accept any adjustment of the-controversy
made by the Federal Wage
Adjustment Board, and have an
nounced also that they are -willing to
have any such decision made retro
active, so as to cover the present time.
They have invited the men .to go back
to work on that basis. The men have
declined, or rather the strike commit
tee has declined for them. So far as
they are concerned, it will be the
"closed" shop or no ships.
The strike leaders have 'assumed a
heavy responsibility in this great mat
.ter. Through them the workers are
put in the position of having'. rejected
a' summons to duty by the President
of the United States, who said to them,
in a telegram dated September 23,
1817: '.'.- -
I -would ask that - no cessation of work
occur at Portland or. Seattle. The wage
board begins functioning at once and will an
nounce its findings with expedition. 1 count
confidently upon the patriotic cro-operation
of the woxkingmen and their leaders. The
men can count on jutt and prompt action.
But there is cessation of work
through the strike a strike not for
higher wages or shorter hours, but for
the "closed" shop. Now we have also
from Secretary of I.abor 'Wilson this
clean-cut admonition to workers -In
war service everywhere:
Capital has no right to interfere with
workingmen organizing labor any more than
the workingman has a rlaht to Interfere
-with the capitalists organizing capital. The
two are on a parity on that, point, and so
my feeling Is that in the present emergency
the employer has no right to Interfere with
ou In your efforts to organize -the workers
into unions. Just as you have no right to
Interfere with capitalists organizing capital
into corporations. If you can get a condition
where efforts to organize the workers are not
interfered with, and where the scale of wages
is recognized that maintains the present
standard of living, it errors t me that for
the time being no stoppage of work should
take place for the purpose of forcing reeog
siltion of the union. r
But there is a complete shut-down
Jn many plants, and a partial .shut
down in others, to force the "closed"
shop in face of the clear policy, of the
Government to permit no change. !n
the status quo by either operators or
workmen during the war period.
Tho KtrilrA will foil ei- It tnrsi "Via
sustained in defiance of the public in
terest and desire. - The . workingmen
are not being wisely -counseled or led.
The earnestness of the Federal Gov
ernment in its campaign to . promote
crop production and conserve food is
shown in its determination to instruct
farmers in all parts of the wheat
growing states in the prevention o
loss due to smut. This is one of the
most expensive enemies of larger
yields of grain in many parts of the
Pacific Northwest, and the sending
of five students, into the field will
serve .the double...pjjrpose of. discern. -nating
valuable information and im
pressing upon growers the importance
of consulting their, a err f cultural 'cdl-
y4y'J-"VV j leges upon scientific questions. Fro
jjJ Jt-llj feasor Hyslop and Professor Barss,
wno nave cnarge 01 me worn in urc
gron, have a high duty to perform, and
can be depended upon to speed up
their efforts so that seed can be
treated in time for Fall planting:. The
campaign will be resumed next Spring,
in order , to obtain protection for all
grains, grown. The Federal Govern
ment is bearing all the expenses of the
campaign.
A STEP TO DEVELOP COMMERCE.
Letting of contracts to prepare the
site for the public elevator', and dock
assures Portland of facilities to handle
bulk exports of grain when the crop
of 10,18 is harvested.
It is a big step in the programme
of providing facilities to ship the com
merce of the Oregon country at its
natural port. Not only grain, but all
other commodities, will be handled at
the new water terminal. By the time
it is completed many of the ships now
building for the Government will have
been finished, ocean freights should
have fallen near their natural level,
and the wheat movement will have
returned from the abnormal rail route
to the normal .water route.
It will be necessary next to provide
ships which will be so tied to the serv
ice of Portland commerce that they
cannot be diverted to other routes. By
the end. of, 1918 the demands of the
Government on our shipyards should
have slackened, and they should be
open to contracts for vessels which
will serve our own needs. The oppor
tunity will then be open for enter
prising men to build up profitable
steamship lines between Portland and
Atlantic ' .ports, ' the Orient, South
America and Australia.
Having' provided the vessels with
regular sailings, the city would be in
a position to demand from the rail
roads its fair share of overland traffic,
and merchants would have no further
cause to give their commerce to other
ports. Portland's future lies on the
water, and it remains only for its citi
zens to seize the opportunity.
UNMERITED IGNOMINY. -
"A correspondent in the faraway
town of Doylestown, Pa., suggests that
"in view of the general- desire to get
away from the terms 'drafted' and
'conscript' as referring to the new
National Army," it might be well to
call the great body of young men now
gathering to go forth . in defense of
democracy the "chosen Army." He
makes his argument interesting by
adorning it with an apt quotation from
the Bible: "I have chosen you and
ordained you, hat ye should go and
bving forth fruit, and that your fruit
should remain."
There is, nevertheless, no reason
for believing that the correspondent's
premise is correct that there is a
"general desire to get away from the
terms 'drafted' and 'conscript.' " They
are good words, one of Latin and
the other Anglo-Saxon origin. "Con
script" is derived, as almost any high
school student knows, from "con
scribere" to. write together, to enroll;
and "draft," it- may not be so well
known because we do not give the at
tention to Anglo Saxon in our schools
that it deserves, Pomes from a word
employed by our ancestors in the
sense of "to. draw."
To conscript a man is to write down
his name on a list of names; to draft
him is to draw his'name by selection
for a particular" purpose. In either
case the meaning is quite, free from
the possibility of - misunderstanding.
If there ever , was any ignominy in.
being "conscripted," it was due to an
adventitious meaning. The conscript
fathers, of Rome felt . no resentment
for the application of the word.
We gain nothing ' at this stage of
the wax by stopping to find euphem
isms for accepted facts. The Nation
has adopted "conscription" and the
draft" is well under way and is - a
big success. The full measure of our
democracy and' the universal realiza
tion of our duties as citizens are
shown by the joyous receptions that
every town and. hamlet are giving to
its "conscripts," or its "drafted" men.
Any odium that might ever have been
attached to the words was removed
for al) time when the universal service
law was put into effect.
The people have never hesitated to
coin a new word when they needed
one, Dsn. mey ao jiot, neea one m tniw
instance.' "Chosen" conveys no idea
that is not already conveyed to under
standing. Americans by the terms al
ready in established use. i
" AMERICAN DIES.
One of the Important phases of
our current industrial development is
Our growing independence of the rest
of the world Germany in particular
as to our supply of dyes. The
country has made the discovery with
in a few months that coal-tar dyes
can be made here at a profit, and that
It is possible greatly to simplify the
market by rejecting a large number
of unnecessary colors. The complexity
of the dye situation in the recent pa&t
will be Malized by anyone who has
read- one of the standard dyestuff
tables. These show that for cotton
goods alone some 1380 different dyes
are recommended. The tables do not
include a large number of acid, alaz i
rin and other dyes used' in wool and
silk dyeing, in calico printing and in
other branches of the industry. There
are thousands of these.
The world has been playing into the
hands of . Germany for a long" time.
There has never been a time when "a
fewhundred colors and shades would
not have made us look as gaudy or as
somber as we needed to be. The dye
makers from over the Rhine were ex
cellent business men, who understood
to the full the art of creating demand.
They grew rich at it. too. The divi
dends of four large German dye con
cerns from 1902 to 1911 are said by
William S. Culbertson," a member of
the United States Tariff Commission
to have ranged from 196 to 300 per
cent. When the war began, in 1914,
the United States was using 60,000,000
pounds of dyes, a year, and 80 per cent
of this was imported. In addition to
this, about 80 per cent of the inter
mediates used by the domestic con
cerns manufacturing the remaining 20
per cent of our dyes were imported.
The United States was practically de-
.pendent upon Germany for its colors.
There is ground for optimism in
the manner- in- which Americans have
met the situation. Business men and
chemists have fully recovered from
the panic into which they were thrown
when the supply was cut off. Mil
lions have been invested in the new
industry and we now are not only
producing dyes in quantity as large, as
we consumed, when the war began
but are receiving, from abroad, ic-
cording to Mr. Culbertson's estimate
as much money for dyes as we - for
merly paid out. - Americans are now
manufacturing their own crudes, in
termediates and.' finished dyes. It is
an achievement of which all Ameri
cans can well be proud.
Textile manufacturers, however,
have done their part in fostering tho
new business of making dyes at home
by demanding increased skill in their
dye departments. There has been, in
deed, a revival of the dyers' art in
America as well as In England. In
itiative is henceforth to be encouraged.
There is evident determination not to
rely longer on the dye manufacturers,
particularly of another country. Mean
while, the country will not suffer if It
is ctimpelled to worry along with a
few hundreds, instead of a few thou
sands, of different shades in its tapes
tries, its wall papers and its clothes.
IX THE HANDS OF THE JACOBINS.
At last we are getting the truth
about Russia from Rheta Childe Dorr.
She paints a dark picture that of a
great nation dissolved into its original
elements and reduced to a state of
anarchy. In old Russia, where the
people are genuine Russians, power
has been seized by the most numerous,
most ignorant and most brutal of the
population under the leadership of a
few men from the intelligent classes,
who are either Utopian dreamers, am
bitious seekers after power or agents
of Germany. In the non-Russian pro
vinces of the former empire, which
have been held to their allegiance by
force alone, there is open revolt
against Russian rule, and there is a
more or less successful effort to set
up independence. Russia as it existed
under the Czar, stretching from the
borders of Germany to the Pacific
Ocean and from the Arctic Ocean to
the Black Sea and beyond the Cau
casus, may prove to have passed away,
to be replaced by a number of sep
arate states.
The opinion which was entertained
at the beginning of the revolution
that it was comparatively bloodless
and that the people showed aversion
for bloodshed proves to be unfounded.
The forces of anarchy oppose the
taking of life by the forces of order,
but they murder army and navy offi
cers by wholesale. Brigandage It
rampant in cities and on railroads. In
short, the Russian revolution is fol
lowing the course of that in France,
except that decline, from a relatively
orderly change to a reign of terror has
been more rapid. Kerensky is not th
man of blood and iron depicted by
himself, but has made fatal compro
mises with the Soviet, which corre
sponds to the French Jacobins, in the
effort to retain power. Fighting with
the Germans is local and desultory,
and the results of success at one point
in the line are lost by defections at
other points.
. There is small encouragement tn
this situation to hope that Russia will
be of 'material assistance to the allies,
except in withholding from the west
ern front a certain proportion of the
German and Austrian troops. A more
earnest effort seems to be made to
prevent further advance beyond Riga
toward Petrograd than to hold the
Teutons in check at other points. The
Roumanians seem to have been left
to fight unaided in defense of the rem
nant of Moldavia, the loss of which
would give the Teutons the grain of
that province and would open the way
to Bessarabia, where further supplies
are to be obtained. The central pow
ers seem to be restrained from push
ing on into the rich grain fields of
Central and Southern Russia by no
consideration except the urgent need
of troops on the western and Italian
fronts, and perhaps by caution lest an
offensive should provoke the Russians
to more strenuous resistance, which
the weakened Teuton line might not
withstand. But growing need of food
may overcome these scruples and may
cause a drive into Russia to capture
the newly harvested crops.
If the Germans should break
through into Russia and gain control
of . the heart of that country, they
would replenish their supply of "ill
things needed to prolong the' war.
They would capture food, munitions
and factories for making them, tex
tiles and leather, all of which thev
sorely need. .Only the invasion of
Germany from the west and of Aus
tria from the south could then force
withdrawal, unless the Russians should
get together to expel the invaders.
WHERE THE STONE ROLLS EASII.T.
The now somewhat familiar story
of the foi mation and accomp'lishment3
of the Nonpartisan League of North
Dakota is recited again by an author
ized writer in the Oregon Farmer.
Some newer information is given re
garding the organization in other
states. Distinct progress has been
made in Minnesota, with Montana and
South Dakota -next in order. The
league has organization work under
way in force in Colorado. Nebraska,
.Wisconsin and Idaho. Preliminary
work has been done in Texas, Okla
homa and other Southern states. The
writer makes no mention of Oregon.
The league, if it is politically wise.
has selected for active organization
work those states in which it has the
best chance of success. A signal fail
ure anywhere would not promote thg
standing of the organization in Hs
own home. Apparently states that
have some sort of an -issue of thei
own in which a large percentage of
the population is interested present
Khe most inviting field.
In Minnesota, for example, there is
a demand for a tonnage tax on ore.
In- Montana dissatisfaction is said to
exist over a virtual exemption of
mines from taxation. In Nebraska
the farmers want a state-ewned beet
sugar factory. Wherever there Is
something really alive that can carry
the propaganda load there, it seemt,
does the league elect to go at th's
stage of its operations.
What the farmers of Idaho want,
other than the stock offerings of
the Nonpartisan League state-owned
terminal elevators, warehouses, flour
mills and packing plants is not clear,
but the league is said by this writer
to have made astonishing progress la
that state.
Is it, as in Nebraska, state-owned
beet sugar factories? We cannot be
lieve that that is the aspiration of the
many Mormons in Southeastern Idaho
who have joined the league. The Mor
mon Church is heavily interested In
beet 'sugar factories, and Mormons
have a habit of placing the interests
rtf their church above their indi
vidual wants. Possibly they have been
promised that the sugar industry will
not be interfered with. That might
satisfy the average Individual, but
hardly the canny church elders. They
know that a state ownership move
ment embracing facilities for handling
oe chief product, suoh as grain, is
boutKl.to cast its eye on facilities for
handiinganother important state crop,
such aS.j5Ugal-4jeets.
But if1 is. characteristic of Idaho
Mormons to "become enthusiastic over
independent political movements un
til just before, election. THat was the
.history of the Progressive party's ef
forts among them. Everybody thought
they were strong for the ihird party
until the votes were counted.
At present the Mormon counties of
Idaho hold the balance' of political
power. If they go Democratic again
it is reasonably to be expected that tho
state will go Democratic. Without
them the Nonpartisan League cannot
accomplish much in that state.
The league now has about 3000
members in Idaho. It costs $16 to
join it. That means that a campaign
fund of $48,000 has been raised, if
the notes given in many instances tor
membership fees are collected and
the money is not used elsewhere. The
sum would accomplish a good deal in
any Western state. . It would finance
a respectable, campaign in Oregon.
But why, with a wide open initiative
at their disposal and embracing a
system that does not permit the will
of the people to be blocked by legis
lative action as it was in North Da
kota, farmers of this state should give
up $16 each to an outside organiza
tion to spend, perhaps in Oregon and
perhaps somewhere else, to elect men
to office, requires a good deal of ex
plaining. Perhaps that is why Ore
gon has so far been overlooked by the
league.
The war goes 'more into the air
day by day as the Flanders mud grows
deeper. German air raids on England
seem designed to take satisfaction for
the damage wrought by the allied
aircraft in the rear of the German
lines and to divert some of the allied
air fleet to the defense of the British
coast. Premier Lloyd George's an
nouncement that "we shall bomb
Germany with compound interest"
implies that he has adopted the Ger
man maxim that the best defensive
is a vigorous offensive. He may aim
to draw oft the German aircraft to
the defense of their own .cities by
raids on the cities of Westphalia and
the Rhine provinces on a grander
scale than before. This opinion Is
supported by reports of large planes
capable of carrying heavy loads of
bombs and of long flight. As the
year's campaign draws to a close, it
promises to rain bombs as well as
moisture in the war zone.
The embargo policy can put the
screws on European neutrals so tight
that, for their own preservation, they
must absolutely stop exports to Ger
many. By stopping exports of coal to
South American countries that policy
can prevent them from supplying
wants of European neutrals. Germany
can scarcely spare troops to take re
venge on the Scandinavian countries,
and if she invaded Holland, she would
add the Dutch army to her enemies
and would expose the flank, of her
army in Belgium to attack. The
worst that Germany could do, more
than she is already doing against
these little nations, is to make air
raids on them, for their ships have
already been sunk and their seamen
drowned by hundreds. The time seems
about ripe for neutrals to overcome
their terror of the Kaiser and to defy
him to do his worst against them.
Participation of the three new mem
bers in the proceedings of the Inter
state Commerce Commission may have
influenced the suspension of the inter
mountain rate decision, and may rad
ically change the final decision. Mr.
Aitchison is so well informed on the
subject of competition between rail
and water lines that he may let some
new light into the minds of the old
members.
Rats in Portland are not confined to
the waterfront. Old dwellings with
out cemented basements are breeding
places and in them the exterminators
will find the hardest problems. The
oldest female rat, which is always the
head of the colony, is the smartest
pest known and once she is caught the
rest are easily taken.
Some divorced men have peculiar
ideas, the one at Fossil, for instance.
who visited the home of his late wife
and, finding his cousin dressing, shot
him fatally. A woman never would
do such a thing; tears would be her
refuge.
Little response is made to the call
for pennants and pictures to decorate
the walls of the barracks of the Ore
gon boys at Camp Greene. Kvidently
people think the boys do not need the
artistic effect.
General Smuts says that long before
the British reach the Rhine Germany
will sue for peace, and General Smuts
knows all about suing for peace after
putting up a hard fight, too.
Our yield of farm products this year
will be close to $17,000,000,000, or'13
per cent more than last year thirteen
being, in this instance, an unlucky
number for the Kaiser.
' All nations must disarm, says an
Austrian Minister now that his coun
try has learned that its enemies are
better armed. But this repentance
comes too late.
The manufacturer who advises to
eat a plate of ice cream a day has a:i
eye to profits, but the advice is good.
The system needs a little more than
plain food.
If bread made of cornmeal or of rye
flour is good enough for Americans,
it should be just as good for the allies,
who show preference for wheat bread.
Open versus closed dining-room
seems to be the issue between the
government of Germany and the mu
nitions workers.
-That necessity existed for a local
boxing commission is shown in the
good work of weeding being done by
the board.
Germans are experimenting with
"tanks," and there may yet be a field
meet that will thrill.
The liberty bond subscriptions are
now in the hands of the committee of
the whole people.
A House committee is to investigate
the Heflin charges, with a whitewash
brush, no doubt.
It Is an easy ride to Forest Grove,
where Washington County is holding
its fair.
For real conservation, the shortest
skirts are made of the best material
The Federal Reserve currency is
almost handsome enough to be framed
Is that mysterious "free energy" de
vice for people or machines?
If the part of the stocking that
shows is silk, why bother?
Have you mailed your Christmas
package to a soldier?
How to Keep WelL
By Dr. XV. A. Evans.
Questions pertinent to hygiene, sanitation
and prevention of diseases, if matters of gen
eral Interest, will be answered In this col
umn. Where space will not permit or the
subject Is not suitable, letters will be per
sonally answered, subject to proper limita
tions and where, stamped addressed envelops
is Inclosed. Dr. Evans will not make diag
nosis or prescribe for Individual diseases. Re
quests for such services cannot b answered.
(Copyright, 11. by Dr. W. A. K.vans.
Published by arrangement with the Chicago
Tribune.)
TRENCH FEVER AND SHOCK.
0
UR troops taking their places on
the western front will find disease
conditions different from those of any
other war in American history. They
will be free from danger of typhoid,
smallpox and malaria, outstanding
dangers of previous wars. They will
find bowel troubles of less consequence
than in any previous wars. They will
find that the danger of being wounded
s less than in some of the fierce com
bats of the past. However, there will
be a few flies in the ointment. One of
these, a new disease never heard of
before this war, is known as trench
fever.
Trench fever is ushered in with a
sharp rise in temperature sometimes
as high as 104. The fever lasts from
one to three days. In less than a week
the fever returns and then persists
for one to three days. It may come
and go in this way through several
cycles. This tendency of the fever to
persist for a few days, to pass away
and then reappear after several days
suggestive of rat-bite fever. Some
of the mtcroscopists think they find in
the blood of those having trench fever
spiral organism belonging to the
same class as that found in the blood
n rat-bite fever.
The second great outstanding symp
tom of trench fever is pain in the shin
bones. These pains appear early in
the disease, are worse at night and per
sist for months after all other symp
toms have disappeared. The physicians
over there are working hard on the
prevention and cure of trench fever,
but so far they have not discovered
much.
Another fly in the ointment Is shell
shock. While the danger of being
wounded on the western front is not
so great as was the danger at Gettys
burg, the mental experience of those
under the terrific heavy gun fire is a
hitherto unexplored inferno. Some men
subjected to this diabolical experience
develop a condition of nerves known
as shell shock.
One theory is that this condition is a
result of concussion of the brain cells
due to air waves from great explosions.
Morton Price says that the disease is a
form of hysteria due to fear shock.
To cure it he thinks the military sur
geons should be trained in psychology.
The treatment is in considerable meas
ure psychic. To prevent it he thinks
every man in the command should
have a lecture on shell shock. He
should be made to understand that the
concussion of the air near an exploding
shell cannot produce organic changes
in the brain: nothing need be feared
from such air concussions; that shell
shock is a form of hysteria to be con
trolled by process of mind, as is true
of all forms of hj-steria.
One of the disabling conditions prom
inent in this war is trench foot. As the
result of standing long hours in cold
water in the trenches the men suffer a
kind of infection which results in a
fever with nose bleed, jaundice and a
condition of the feet similar to severe
chilblains. The treatment for trench
foot is as follows:
The feet are bathed in lukewarm
water and soap. Absorbent cotton
moistened with borated camphor solu
tion is applied to the legs aud feet.
This is bound on and left for a day.
This dressing is applied daily for three
or four days. After that the skin is
anointed with camphorated oil daily.
Small blisters are left unopened. Large
blisters are asceptically opened and
then dressed with compresses wet with
a solution of camphor (30) in ether
(1000). Over this the usual moist
dressing is. applied. This is a good
treatment for severe frostbite and chil
blains.
Eating; Slate Pencils.
Mrs. W. W. writes: "If children who
eat dirt and slate pencils are given
easy access to salt they will not have
these abnormal appetites."
REPLY.
Tour experience s limited to one ease or
a few cases. Unfortunately the matter of dirt
eating Is not so simple as your treatment
would Indicate.
All Right. If Clean.
Reader writes: "Will yon kindly ad
vise whether, from a health standpoint,
it is preferable to eat a tomato before
or after reeling it?"
REPLY.
If it Is thoroughly clean It Is all right to
eat it unpceled. It Is also all right to eat
It peeled.
Bleed Loan Danger Point.
H. I. writes: "Could you give me the
following information: (1) How much
blood would a person have to lose, or
how long would it take for one's life to
be in danger if a wound bled at the
rate of 60 or 60 drops a minute? The
woman was pregnant and the family
physician said it was a ruptured tonsil
but could do nothing" for it.
REPLY.
Tha weight of blood in the hody is some
where about one-thirteenth the body weight.
An ordinary-sized woman bleeding at the
rate mentioned would be bloodless in about
2 hours. But under ordinary circumstances
the hemorrhage would atop before a quar
ter of a pint of blood had been lost (about
40 minutes). A. pregnant woman could lose
that amount off blood through nosebleed or
bleeding from tonal!, several days during the
nine months and not be harmed by the loss.
1 I
How to Fall Asleep.
A. A. writes: "Will you tell me how
I can get more sleep? How can I quit
thinking when I lie down? I sleep only
about three hours'a night. I am near
ly 60 years old and do not sleep In the
daytime."
REPLY.
It Is easy to say. -ao to bed with a calm
mind and you will sleep," but It la difficult
for some persons to carry it out. Especially
la this true when the person concerned has
an untrained, uncontrolled mind. But the
only cure for Insomnia lies in mental train
ing. Perhaps the most common advics la not
to worry about cleeplna-. If one will retire
reconciled to Bleep or not as fortuuo favors
he can sleep usually. But that Is - nothing
more than a step In the training. Tim next
step Is to acquire the f me attitude toward
other things, to accept what fortune, brings
and cheerfully at least aa a bedtime phUts-
ophy.
GERM AX IS NOT WORTH STVDYI.NC
Language la Unpleasant of Sound aad
Scant In Literary Treasures.
PORTLAND. Oct. 4. (To the Editor.)
--In connection with alleged praise of
the Kaiser in the book "Ira Vaterland"
what suggests itself to'me as strange
is why anyone should at this juncture
want to be studying German. let
pupils ignore the language In which
orders are given to kill our soldiers
at the front and to sink women and
children on the high seas. Then we
need not fear insidious propaganda in
text books.
The stuCy of German is largely a
waste of time. The four years I spent
on it are irretrievably lost. As a
spoken tongue it is a barbarous gut
teral Jargon, grating to the ear.. As
a literary language one is not repaid
for the effort put forth to learn its
elements. What can one read after
learning German? Not much except
the unspeakably dull speculations of
flatulent philosophers, most of them
(formerly as well as now) In the pay
of Prussian officialdom. Schiller wrote
fifth-rate poetry and a few insignifi
cant plays. Goethe wrote "Faust" in
two parts a work characterized by
lubricity and a rambling, incoherent
symbolism, the meaning of which Ger
mans themselves are still disputing
about. TV read "Faust" is only to be
fuddle yourself.
The one man whose writings are worth
while was Hei'nrich Heine, not a real
German, but a jew. He gave a degree
of lightness and flexibility to that es
sence of all prolixity and heaviness,
German sentence structure. But much
of Heine's writing is anti-Prussian.
He was forced on that account to spend
a large part of his life in Paris, where
he died. Several years ago some of
the more liberal elements in Germany
sought to have his statue erected in
Berlin. The Kaiser remembered the
shafts Heine years ago had leveled at
Prussian autocracy. The imperial in
fluence was strong enough to keep the
Heine statue out of Berlin. A splendid
example this of "Kultur"!
Perhaps another German writer and
thinker of note may be mentioned:
Arthur Schopenhauer. His style is rich.
vigorous and clear very much differ
ent from that verbosity which marks
German philosophical writing. But
Schopenhauer was an uncompromising
hater of Prussia and things Prussian.
Born in Dantzic, he quit that city with
his father for good when the Prussians
captured it Ttnd abolished its ancient
rights as a free city. Schopenhauer
was. moreover, a great admirer of the
British system of parliamentary gov
ernment. He lived in England for a
time and had an excellent knowledge
of the English language and its litera
ture. He never let a day pass without
reading in the London Times. His
works have been acceptably translated
So it is not necessary to learn German
solely to read Schopenhauer.
Let the high school students take ud
French instead of German. The first
has the richer and more varied litera
ture, fully as beautiful and quite a
profound in its thought. The French
mind is the keenest in the world. Why
not come to understand it by learning
me language ana readme the litera
ture in which it finds expression?
J. A. ROSCOE.
395 Tillamook street East.
BAKERY IS OFFERED CITV FREE
5000-1. oaf Shop Can Be Had for Munlcl
pal Test of Bread Prices.
PORTLAND, Oct. 4. (To the Editor.)
Why should we pay the bakers $30
for one barrel of flour? They scale the
loaves 16 ounces in dough, making 300
10-cent loaves from one barrel.
Let them have a few branch stores
and let the people get their own bread.
The present-size loaves could be sold
at 7 cents at a profit.
I know whereof I speak, having had
for 20 years (1883 to 1903) the largest
retail store trade in Portland. No de
liveries, no wholesale.
Let the city run a bakery for a week
and see. 1 have a shop capable of turn
ing out 5000 loaves a day. I will let
the city have it free if they want to
make a test. ECONOMY
Couneil of Defense Members.
PORTLAND, Oct. 4. (To the Editor.)
(1) Who are the members of the
State Council of Defense, and (2) the
County Council of Defense? (3) Could
you gie the address of the American
Defense Society? JOHN ROARK.
(1) II. L. Corbett, of Portland. 1.
chairman of the State Council of De
fense. Further information may be
obtained from him or from Governor
James Withycombe at Salem.
(2) The County Council of Defense
Is composed of a number of farmers
Among the community chairmen are
H. A. Lewis, Russellville; Peter Wie
land, Kairview, Or.; George Stapleton
Pleasant Valley, Or.
(3) The address of the American
Defense Society, Inc., is 303 Fifth ave
nue. New Tork City.
Government Insurance of Ships.
SUTHERLIN. Or.. Oct. 2. (To the
Editor.) (1) Is the United States Gov
ernment insuring ships and their car
goes? Since when? (2) Can you tell me
amount of insurance losses and amount
of premiums received? (3) Has the Gov
ernment recovered those two steel guns
from the Sound that were taken from
a war vessel onto an open barge and
dumped in 50 feet of water?
JAMES THOMPSON.
(1) The Bureau of War Risk Insur
ance was established by Congress Sep
tember 2. 1914, and insures American
vessels and their cargoes. (2) Up to
August 3, 1916, the amount of insur
ance written was $139,113,737; preini
urns received. $2,924,315.57; net los,
$712,518.15. For later figures write to
the bureau. Washington, D. C. (3) We
have no information on the subject.
Washington Compensation Law.
AMBOY, Wash., Oct. 2. (To the Edi
tor.) I wish to (tet a copy of the work
ingmen's compensation laws of this
state. Where can I get them?
How much money does a workingman
get who is injured and partly loses
the sight of one eye?
Are the compensation laws of Wash
ington different from the Oregon
laws? - E. C. T.
The laws differ in numerous particu
lars. Write to secretary of Industrial
Insurance Department, Olympia, Wash.
Hlgs School Tuition.
THOMAS. Or.. Oct. 2 (To the Editor.)
If one does not live in a high school
district does he have to pay tuition to
attend? O. L. M.
If a pupil does not reside in a high
school district and lives in a county
which has no county high school he
may attend high school in another
county without personally paying tui
tion. The cost of his high school edu
cation in that event is paid by his
home county.
Civil Service Address.
ST. HELENS. Or.. Oct. 4. (To the
Editor.) Kindly print who one refers
to about Civil Service Commission in
Portland. A. REEDER.
Regarding Government employments,
write to civil service clerk, postoffice
building, Portland; regarding city em
ployments, write to Civil Service Com
mission City Hall, Portland,
In Other Days.
Twenty-fire Tears Ago.
From The Oregonian of October 5.
Washington. The negotiations with
Samoa for the harbor of Pango Pango
have been satisfactorily concluded and
it is now a coaling station for this
Government, having been acquired by
purchase. The revolution in th
islands somewhat delayed the consum
mation, but the flag now flics over
the harbor.
London. Grave fears are entertained
for Tennyson. One report is that he is
not likely to survive the night.
Great bodies move slowly the foun
dation for the grand union depot which
he terminal company has been think
ing about building has not yet beea
laid.
The question of consolidating Turn-
water and Olympia. is again being agi
tated.
Dr. D. H. Rand delivered the open
ing address at the commencement ex
ercises of the medical department of
Willamette University yesterday. The
handsome new building of the Uni
versity of Oregon Medical School.
Twenty-third and Lovejoy, was opened
last night.
The police commissioners have de
cided to let out Joe Day, one of the
best-Known detectives on the Pacific
Coast. Day was given a chance to re
sign and accordingly turned in his star
and little slip of paper.
Half a Crntnry Age.
From The Oregonian of October 3. ISfi".
George Alfred Townsend. writinc
for the New York Tribune, savs of Phil
Sheridan: "The strong, historic ficrure
of this valley was Sheridan. He was
the most perfect embodiment of the
professional cavalryman that ever ap
peared on our continent. His two grand
qualities were lightning perception
and lightning action."--
Edward Cooper, defeated for Con
gress in Tennessee, will be appointed
by the President as his private secre
tary. Lot Livermore. formerly of this citv.
but now of Umatilla, was in the city
yesterday en route to the state fair.
kHe has in his charge a magnificent
counterpane of crochet work made by
Mrs. Louisa Gimbal. In its construc
tion were used more than 32,000 yards
of thread.
AHTItl.E I.
Advice to Americans Six Years of Age
and I Oder.
Can a mere child be of service to his
or her country while we are trying to
make the Kaiser behave?
Undoubtedly.
How?
By observing the conduct of weak-
kneed, hysterical and complaining
adults and then being just as different
from them as possible.
This war is neither a joke nor a pro
tracted funeral.
You will notice that some of the
older people refuse to accept it as a
fact, while others move about in a
blue funk, exclaiming, between sobs,
that the U. S. A. is going to the bow
wows. Let the very young children set their
elders a good example by remaining
calm but determined.
If you pick up the morning paper
and read that the U-boats bagged 17
ships instead of the customary 15 and
the Canadians captured only" one line
of trenches instead of two. do not
shake your head and declare that the
Germans never can be licked.
Set a good 'example to your fathers
and mothers and uncles and aunts by
renevvinft your faith daily, in spite of
an occasional setback.
Quote to them the words of Abraham
Lincoln: "Let us have faith that right
makes might and in that faith let us,
to the end. dare to do our duty."
You might remind your grown-up
relatives that all during the Civil War
the Northern States harbored a good
many well-meaning people who went
about moaning that the Union never
could be preserved and we had better
accept peace at. any price.
These invertebrates (an invertebrate,
children, is a creature with a string of
macaroni where the backbone should
be) these spineless ones were willing
to let certain states secede. The blacks
were to remain in slavery. Our flag was
to bo lowered. Anything to avoid a
fight to a finish.
Even after the Battle of Gettysburg,
when the fortune of war began to
favor the North, just as they are now
favoring the allies, every community
had to put up with a few of the
whiners and fault-finders who belittled
each victory and magnified cacli
reverse.
Your grandfather can tell you about
these peace lovers who helped to pro
long the war by failing to give united
and loyal support to the soldiers at the
front. If it should happen that grand
father was one of these "pcace-at-ati y
price" advocates, doubtless he will
change the subject and talk about
something else.
Even if you are less than 6 years of
age, surely you can understand that thn
issues involved in this dreadful war
must be settled and settled right before
the world may hope for abiding peace.
Therefore, if anyone asks you what
you think about the war, reply as fol
lows: -
"President Wilson was right when he
said that the world must be made safe
for democracy. The American people
have no desire to destroy Germany tr
prevent it from regaining commercial
importance. They want Germany to
restore the stolen property and go home
in a chastened mood. They want to jam
the knowledge into every close-cropped
Prussian head that just because a man
owns a high-priced automatic gun and
has a lot of aminunition and a college
education he has no right to go out and
shoot up his neighbors. The American
people are hoping to make it clear t
the Ivaiser and the Crown Prince and
the various square-jawed Hindenburgs
that it is highly improper to form ;i
partnership with God for purposes of.
murder and then treat God as a silent
partner. As to the final outcome, the
Battle of the Marne was the beginning
of the end. For 200 years all the big
events of history have marked an ir
resistible advance toward the establish
ment of democracy. When the Ger
mans failed in their mad rush of 1914.
it meant that an All-Wise Providence
and the laws of evolution were not to
be thwarted by a military despot with
a bristling mustache. Germany cannot
win and therefore Germany must lose.
The? end of bloodshed and sacrifice and
widespread terror will come as soon
as the United States of America begins
to strike aggress! ver blows. The moro
men we send to the front, the fewer we
will lose. Our greatest enemy at pres
ent is Indecision. Our strongest ally is
Speed. Our most needful watchword is
Faih. We are going to end the war
and then sit at the council table to
repress greed and curb injustice."
Of course, the foregoing will sound
rather hifaluting to come from a 6-year-old
child, but it will be the truth,
and the truth is needed in large dosea
at present, especially by people more
than 4 years of age.
That will be all for today, children.
You may run along and play.
I Helping to Win the War.
j By George Ade.