Morning Oregonian., October 04, 1917, Page 6, Image 6

B'V i
-f a r
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LIBERATED RUSSIA
SEIZED BY SOVIETS
Councils Usurp Powers of
Government Until Nation Is
4 :Jorn by Anarchy.
MURDER - IS MADE SAFE
Stories, of, XTtmost Brutality on Part
'. of Soldiers Come to Light.
Cities Are Filled With
....... . idle Men in, Uniform.
. fContlnued From First Page.
diers' and Workmen's Delegates came
in and took possession of the situation
and the result is a country torn with
anarchy, brought to the verge of bank
ruptcy and ready, unless something
happens between now and next Spring,
to fall into the hands of the Germans.
These councils of workmen are not
new. In the upheaval of 1905-06 a man
named Khrustaliov, a. labor leader, be
came the head of an organization called
the Petrograd Coouncil of Workmen's
Deputies. It was made up' of elected
delegates from all the principal facto
ries in and near the capital and during
the general strikewhich forced Nicho
las to convene the- first Duma, .the coun
cil assumed gerieral control of the
whole labor situation,', managing mat
ters with rare food sense, and firmness.
Workmen'M Council .Not New.
Witte, who became Premier In those
days, negotiated I with Khrustaliov - as
with an equal. .For. a time he and his
council were a real: power in the em
pire. A dozen cities formed' similar or
conizations. There, .were, councils .of
workmen's delegates, peasants' ' depu
ties, even, in some places, or soldiers
deputies. .. ' : .
The reaction wbiith came in July,'
1906, swept them all ; into, bblivion and
I never found anybody who knew what
became of Khrustaliov. - But' the tra
dition of the Council, of- Workmen's
Deputies was unforgotten. Perhaps
the council even existed still in secret;
I do not know. It wa quickly revived
in March, 1917, and before the political
revolution was fairly -accomplished it
had added soldiers to its. title and had
curtly informed the,, provisional gov
ernment and the Duma that no laws
could be made or enforced without- first
having received the -approval of the
working people's representatives,:
War Makes .situation Bad.- '
Jfo policy in peace or war could! be
announced or put into .practice; no or
ders could be given, the army; no trea
ties concluded withMhe allies; In short,
nothing could be done without first
consulting the l&80,,men,j,an women
five women who' Tiiade up; the Council
of Soldiers' and ivtrarkfnerTs Delegates.
If the country MRad -been In a condi
tion of peace instead of war this would
not have been at all a bad" thing. The
working people i'-pfEussia. under the
electoral system:' devised by the old
regime, had very'-.Httle representation
in the Duma, and ' they' had a perfect
right to demand a voice in the organ
ization of the new government. . But
unfortunately the government was at
war; and more unfortunately still, the
Council of Soldiers' and "Workmen's
Delegates was made up in large part
of extreme radicals to whom the war
was a matter of entire indifference.
The revolution to them meant an op
portunity to put into practice new
economic theories, the socialistic state.
Programme Is Most Radical. -
They conceived the vast dream of es
tablishing a new order of society, not
only for Russia but for the' whole
world. They were going to dictate
terms of peace, and call on the work
ing people of every country to join
them in enforcing that peace. After
that they were going to do away with
II capitalists, bankers, investors,
property owners. . Armies and navies
were to be '' scrapped. I don't know
what they purposed doing with - the
Constitution of the United States, but
"capitalistic" America was to be made
over with the rest of the world.
Many members of this council were
well-meaning theorists, dreamers, ex
actly like thousands in . this country
who read no books or newspapers ex
cept those written by their own kind,
who "express themselves" by wearing
red ties and long hair, and who exist
in a cloudy world of their own. These
people are honest and they are capable
of being reasoned with. In Russia
they are known as Mlnshavikis, mean
ing less claims.
A noisy and troublesome and grow
ing minority in "the council are called
Bolshevikis (more claims), because
they demand everything and will not
even consider compromise. They want
a separate peace, entirely favorable to
Germany. I talked to a number of
these men, hut I could never get one
of them to explain the reason of this
friendship for Germany. Vaguely they
seemed to ,feel that socialism was a
German doctrine ' and. therefore, as
soon as Russia put it into practice the
Germans would- follow suit.
German Spies Take Fart.
Not all the council members are
working people. Some have never
done a hand's turn of manual work in
their lives. Many of the soldier mem
bers have never seen service and never
will. The Jewish membership is very
large, and in Russia the Jews have
never been allowed' any practice of
citizenship. ' ' " '
lastly the council is liberally sprinkled
with German spies and agents. Kvery
once in a while one of these men is
unmasked and put out. But it is more
than likely that his place is quickly
filled. It is a most difficult thing to
convince the council that any "Tava
rish," which Is the Russian word for
comrade, can be guilty of double deal
ing. The council-- defended Lentne up
to the last moment. - Even after he
fled the country .'the Socialist news
paper. "I3vestia." "Pravada" and
Maxim Gorki's "Nova Jisn," declared
him to be the victim of a-.i odious
calumny.
It was this Council of Soldiers' and
Workmen's delegates that- first-claimed
a consultive position in the govern
ment, and within a few months was
parading the streets with. banners de
manding "All the Power to the Soviet.1
Kerensky Signs Order.
T cannot say raat I blame them
iney were people who had never
known any kind of freedom, they had
been poor and oppressed and afraid of
their lives. All of a sudden they were
treed. And when they went in num
bers to the Dumb, and claimed a right
to a voice in their own future, men like
Kerensky and others, who are honest
dreamers, others plain demagogues and
office seekers, came out and lauded
them to the skies, told them that the
world wa theirs, that they alone had
brought about the revolution, and
therefore had a right to take posses
sion of the country. The effect of this
on soldiers and on the working people
was immediate and disastrous.
If Kerensky was not the author of
the famous Order No. 1, which was the
cause of most of the riot and blood
shed in the army, he at least signed it
and defended it. This order provided
for regimental government by com
mittees, the election of officers by the
soldiers, the doing away with all sa
luting of superiors by enlisted men and
the abolition of the title "your no
bility," which was the form of address
used to officers. In place of this form
the soldiers were henceforth to ad
dress their officers as Gospodeen,
meaning mister, captain, colonel, gen
eral, as the case might be.
Soldiers Lose Trim Look.
Order No. 1 was a plain license to
disband the Russian army. Abolishing
the custom of saluting may seem a
small thing. A member of the Amer
ican mission expressed himself thus to
me soon after his arrival in Petrograd:
"This talk of anarchy is all nonsense,"
he said. "A lot of peacock officers' are
sore because the men don't salute them
any more. Why should the men sa
lute?" I don't know why they should, but
I know that when they don't they
speedily lose all their soliderly bearing
and slouch like tired subway diggers.
They throw courtesy, kindness, consid
eration to the winds. The soldiers of
other countries look on them with dis
gust and horror. At 1'ornea, the port
of entry into Finland, I got my first
glimpse of this "free" Russian soldjer.
He was handing some papers to a
trim British Tommy, who was straight
as an -arrow, clean cut and soldierly.
The Russian slouched up to him. stuck
out the papers In a dirty paw and blew
a mouthful of cigarette smoke in his
face. What the . Tommy said to him
was In English, and I am afraid wad
lost on the Aussian, who walked off
looking quite pleased with himself.
Murder of Officers Common.
In Petrograd I saw two of these
"free" soldiers address, without even
touching their caps, a French officer
who spoke their language. The con
versation was repeated to me thus: "Is
it true that in your country, which
calls itself a democracy, the soldiers
have to stand in the presence of offi
cers? Is it true that they "
The interrogation proceeded no fur
ther, for the Frenchman replied quick
ly: "In the first -place French soldiers
do not walk up to an officer and begin
a conversation uninvited, so I And it
impossible to answer your questions."
If he had been a Russian officer he
would' probably" have been murdered
on the spot. . The death penalty having
been, abolished and the police force
having been reduced to an absurdity,
murder has been made a safe and pleas
ant diversion. Murder of officers is so
common that it is seldom even reported
in the newspapers. When the truth is
finally and officially published, if it
ever is; it will be found that the brutal
and horrible butchery-of officers ex
ceeds anything the. outside world has
ever imagined.
Officers Are Tortured.
I met a woman whose daughter went
insane after her husband was killed in
the fortress of Cronstadt. the port of
Petrograd. He with, a number, of of
ficers was ..Imprisoned there and some
of the women went to the commander
and begged permission to see and speak
to their men. . He grinned at them and
said:- "They are just finishing their
dinner. In a few minutes you may see
them." . '- :
Shortly afterward they were sum
moned to a room where the men sat
around a table. They were tied in their
chairs and were all dead., with evi
dences of having been tortured.
In the beginning of the ' revolution
the soldiers of Cronstadt killed - the
old. officer- .commandant.. They began
by gouging . out his eyes. .When, be
was quite finished they brought in the
second - officer fn command and his
young son, a Lieutenant in the navy.
"Will you join us. embrace the glorious
revolution, or shall we kill you?" they
demanded. -
"My duty is to command this garri
son," replied the officer. "If you are
going to kill me, do it at once."
Body' Thrown Into Ditch.
They shot him and threw his corpse
on a'pile of others in a ditch. The son
they spared, and a few nights later the
young man rescued his father's body
and brought it home to be buried. The
story was related under oath by him,
but in the face of it and hundreds more
like it the death penalty was abolished:
nor will Kerensky consent to restore it,
except for desertion at the front.
At the Moscow congress, held in
August. Kerensky said, apologizing for
even this small concession: "As Minis
ter of Justice I did away with the death
penalty. As President of the provis
ional government I have asked for its
reinstatement in Case of desertion un
der fire." There was a. burst of ap
plause and Kerensky exclaimed: "Do
not applaud. ' Don't you realize that
we lose part of our souls when we con
sent to the death penalty? But if it is
necessary to lose our souls to save Rus
sia we must make the sacrifice."
"Soldier Flock to Cities.
Petrograd and Moscow are literally
running over with idle, soldiers, many
of whom have never done any fighting
and who loudly declare that they never
intended to do any. They are supported
by the government, wear the army uni
form, claim all the privileges of the
soldier and live In complete and bliss
ful Idleness. The streetcars are crowd
ed with soldiers, who of course pay no
fares. - It is impossible for a woman
to get a seat on a car. She is lucky If
the soldiers permit her to stand in the
aisle or on a platform.
"Get off and walk, you boorzhou,"
said a soldier to my interpreter one
day when she was hastening to keep an
appointment with me. She got off and
walked. I beard but one person dis
pute with a soldier. She was a streot
car conductor, one of the many women
who have taken men's places since the
war.
She turned on a car full of these
idlers riding free and littering the floor
vith sunflower seeds and told them
exactly what she thought of them. It
must have been extremely unflattering,
for the other passengers looked joyful,
and only one soldier ventured any re
ply. Councils Debate rowers.
"Now. comrade." said he. "you must
not be hard on wounded men."
"Wounded men!" exclaimed the
woman. "If you ever get a wound it
will be in the mouth from a broken
bottle."
There was a burst of laughter, in
which even the soldiers Joined. But
after It subsided one of the men said
defiantly: "Just the- same, comrades, it
was we who sent the Caar packing."
' f To be ronttmied tomorrow.
TYPHOON HITS TOKIO
Hundred Thousand Persons
Made Homeless.
1346 HOUSES DEMOLISHED
City Death Loss 183, and Fears
Are Felt Rural Districts May
Have Suffered Worse Vil
lages Flooded by Rivers.
LONDON. Oct. 3. A Shanghai dis- !
patch to Reuter's says that as the re
sult of a typhoon which - swept over
Tokio on Monday, 100.000 persons are
homeless and that 183 are dead and 217
missing.
The number of injured is 168 and 1346
houses were demolished. Telegraph
and telephone service and railway traf
fic were interrupted.
Even worse damage Is reported to
have been inflicted in the rural dis
tricts. Many villages between Kioto
and Osaka have been inundated by
overflowing rivers, and it is feared con
siderable loss of life has resulted.
CHIXA AIDS FLOOD VICTIMS
Foreign Loans Asked to Finance
Deepening of Canals.
PEKIN. Oct. 1. (Delayed.) The Chi
nese government has appropriated
$300,000 for immediate relief work at
Tien Tsin. where great destruction has
been wrought by the overflowing of
the Hoang River. Dr. Paul Reinsch.
the American Minister, has sent a ca
blegram to the American Red Cross
asking for 200,000.
Coolies have cut the Grand Canal at
several places near Tien Tsin. but this
has not- affected the situation in the
city, where the .water is almost sta
tionary. Pao Ting Fu, Teh Chow and other
cities of Chi Li are Inundated. Chi
rese newspapers are appealing for
loans from foreign nations to prevent a
recurrence of the flood by deepening
the canals to the sea.
U-BOAT MENAGE IS LESS
SYSTEM OF COXVOVING MERCHANT
MEN BOTHERS DIVERS. '
Pursuit Submerged too Slow, and Pur
suit on Surface Sure to Draw
Destroyers Fire.
WASHINGTON, Oct. 3. Navy offi
cials deprecated today publication of
reports that go too far in each direc
tion as to the progress of campaign
against German submarines. There is
no reasonable ground, they said, for
feeling that the submarines have
definitely been beaten becaused. an
nounced losses have decreased recently:
while, on the other hand, there is
nothing in the present situation that
warrants serious apprehension on the
pert of the allies.
The drain on allied shipping re
sources still is heavy, but, with stead
ily increasing numbers of fighting
craft going into the conflict against
the U-boats and with the accelerated
merchant craft building programmes
of Great Britain and the United States
showing results, American officials
have complete confidence in ultimate
victory over the undersea craft. The
policy of convoying merchant craft
now has been adopted by all powers.
Originally naval heads were against
this practice. Its effect, it was be
lieved, would be merely to increase the
size- of the target and. under that
theory, merchant craft were sent zig
zagging separately over unusual
courses, scattering them as much as
possible, with the U-boats given the
task of finding them.
Under the convoy plan the U-boat
commander is certain of a fight if he
comes to the surface, and so dares not
pursue a convoyed flotilla except
when submerged. Then his speed is too
slow to allow him to conduct a suc
cessful pursuit.
Soldiers, Penniless, Receive
Full Meal.
Montana Ex-Offlclal Acta Quickly
When He Hears Confession Made
- to Conductor.
ST. PAUL, Minn., Oct. 3. The con
ductor on a Northern Pacific east
bound passenger train, passing through
North Dakota late Monday, noticed that
a party of nine recruits of an engineer
ing regiment had not eaten for many
hours.
"What are you trying to do, reduce
your weight? 'he asked.
The leader of the recruits confessed
the men were without money. A pas
senger seated nearby overheard the
discussion.
"Conductor," said the stranger, "these
men are going to have the best dinner
the diner affords, and it's on me," and
for two hours the soldiers ate to their
hearts' content.
It developed that the generous stran
ger was William R. Allen, former Lieutenant-Governor
of Montana. Later he
arranged with the railroad to furnish
the soldiers with meals for the re
mainder of their trip.
The recruits came from Seattle and
vicinity.
CHANGED BANK LAW ASKED
Smaller State Banks Desire to Join
Federal Reserve.
OREGONIAN NEWS BUREAU. Wash
ington. Oct. 3. An amendment to the
Federal reserve act permitting any
state bank or trust company organized
prior to November 1, 1914, having, a
capital stock of $100,000 to become a
member of the Federal reserve system.
jk
p
It's coming
on Sunday!
A Greater Vitagraph Special
Production based on the fa
mous play.
"Mary Jane's Pa" is one of the few
100 Si pictures of recent issue."
i-N. T. Telegraph.
Secures 0
COo
Agency
WE beg to announce to the people of Portland, and
to the trade generally, that Lang & Company have secured the dis
tributing" agency for the "wonder beverage," the NEW RAINIER.
After having fully investigated every phase of the manufacture of this remarkable non
alcoholic drink, which included the most exhaustive laboratory tests for purity and health
fulness, satisfying ourselves of its high merit and general superiority over all other
so-called cereal beverages, a contract was entered into which gives us control of the sale of
Rainier in all cities and territory where Lang & Co. operate wholesale houses.
Rainier, we find, is the only soft malt drink in the world that passes through the all
important stage of final fermentation and emerges in the form of a pure, wholesome,
foamy beverage of the most delicious flavor, yet free from the slightest trace of alcohol.
Physicians, especially, will appreciate the difference between a beverage that is just
merely the product of boiled or steeped grains, . flavored to taste, and the NEW Rainier,
which is the purest essence of selected grains and hops, in perfectly balanced proportions,
scientifically finished even to thorough fermentation. This can only be accomplished under
a recently patented process, controlled by the Rainier Products Company of Seattle.
YOU can drink Rainier all you want of it with the fullest con
fidence that it is fully predigested and that it will not ferment in the
stomach, thereby causing indigestion. Invalids and convalescents will
find it delightfully refreshing and highly nutritious because of its
high food value and invigorating qualities.
- Just a word in closing: Rainier is not offered as a near-beer or
beer substitute It stands wholly on its merits as a wholesome, appe
tizing, non-alcoholic drink of deliciously satisfying flavor a home
drink of unusual excellence, strongly recommended for old and young
alike. A drink that can be ordered from your grocer or druggist and
served on the family table, . '
The trade will hereafter be supplied by Lang-& Co., Portland; and
its branches in Oregon and Idaho.
Rainier is served in all leading cafes, hotels, clubs,
soda fountains, and on dining cars and steamships.
jc1j,'
"THERE'S SEW VIGOR
AIVD STRENGTH IV
EVERY DROP."
SJJT" Have your grocer de
liver a case to your home.
Phones: Bdwy. 4273, A 6061
LANG & CO
Wholesale Grocers,
Portland
regardless of the population of the
Ity in which the bank is situated, is
advocated by the Federal Reserve
Board. -
A draft of a bill making such an
amendment was today submitted to
Senators Chamberlain and Mc.Nary try
Governor Harding, -of the Federal
Board, the draft being the result of an
application, filed through the Senators
by the President or an last iae can
at Portland, which is now barred from
the reserve system because 1200,000
capital is required by existing law of
banks In cities of the size of Portland.
Boston Lieutenant Killed.
TTASHINGTOX, Oct. 3. Lieutenant
G. P. Howe, of the Boston Medical Of
ficers' Reserve Corps, was killed In ac
tion September 28. while on' duty with
British forces In France, the Adjutant.
General today announced.
Explosion In Coal Sinks Ship.
r.TO JANEIRO. Oct. !. A Brazilian
tugboat yesterday picked up off the
Coast a whale boat with 14 members
of the crew of the French bark Biar
ritz, khich was burned at sea Septem
ber 30, after an explosion in her cargo
of coal. Another boat, containing the
captain of the bark and other members
of the crew is tnissinrr.
fook. Albert Michaelson, Tete Toteff,
George Bozoroth, Earl Rowland, TV. N.
Aijala, Albert navis, J. E. Sox. Louis
Blum, Arthur Lundeen, Ray Jenkins
and ' James Joyce. Alternates are
.lumen Sykes. Frank Beebe. Vt'illism
Richards, Frsnk Buker and Neils Nell
Mti. Willi the srrlval of these men at
Camp Lewis. Cowllts County will have
45 of Its quota, of SO men in the Na
tional Army.
More than 8000 British soldiers-have
been supplied with artificial limbs.
Read The Oregonlsn classlfled arts.
QUOTA TO MEET AT KALAMA
Cowlitz County to Have 45 Men in
Army Today.
KELSO. Wash., Oct. 3. (Special.)
Cowlitz County's third quota of drafted
men for the Army lias been ordered to
assemble at KaUma tomorrow to en
train for American Lake.
The men who made up the quota are
Joel x Longenecker, Harry Bradburn,
Nils Olson, Charles Johnson. Floid Wil
son, Walfrrd Koschnltsky,' Kallo eHik
1:11a. Lewis Hhedwin. Thomas Hart-
"Stockings held ttte C35k2Gs? way
Are stockings held to surely stay."
15e.20e.25c or 35c pair, depend
ing upon size and style desired
M!ks"y Garters are guaranteed to satisfy you
absolutely-or-your money is refunded. What
could be fairer?
S6
SI
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