Image provided by: University of Oregon Libraries; Eugene, OR
About Morning Oregonian. (Portland, Or.) 1861-1937 | View Entire Issue (Sept. 29, 1917)
10 THE MORNING OREGONIAN, SATURDAY SEPTEMBER 20t 1917. POKTLAM), OREOOX. Entered at Portland (Oremn) Fostofflc u second-class mall matter. Subscription rates in variably In advance: (By Mall.) Dally, Sunday Included, one year $8.00 Daily, Sunday Included, six months.... 4.25 Daily, Sunday Included, tnree months... 2.25 Daily, Sunday included, on month..... .75 Daily, without Sunday, one yean 0.00 Daily, without Sunday, six months.... 3.25 Dally, without Sunday, three months.... 1.75 Daily, without Sunday, one month...... .6; Weekly, one year 1.50 Sunday, one year 2.50 Sunday and weekly 8.50 (By Carrier.) Dally, Sunday Included, one year. ..... .$9.00 Dally, Sunday included, one month. .... .75 Daily, without Sunday, one year ....... 7.80 Daily, without Sunday, three months.... l.5 Daily, without Sunday, one month ..... .65 How to Remit Send postoffice money or der, express order or personal check on your ocal bank. Stamps, coin or currency are at sender's risk. Give postofflcs address in full. Including; county and state. Poataia Rates 12 to 16 pases, 1 cent: IS to 32 pases. 2 cents; 34 to 48 pages, 3 cents; 60 to 60 pases. 4 cents; 62 to 76 pages, 5 cents; 78 to 82 pages, 6 cents. Foreign post age double rates. Eastern Business Office Verre ft Conklln. Brunswick building, New York; Verree A Conklln. Steger building. Chicago: San Fran cisco representative, R. J. Sidwell. 7412 Mar ket street. MEMBER OF THE ASSOCIATED PRESS The Associated Press Is exclusively entitled to the use for republication of all news credited to It or not otherwise credited In this paper and also the local news published herein. AH lights of republication of special dis patches herein are aiso reserved. PORTLAND, BAT CRD AT, SEPT. . 1917. VERCOXFTDENCE OCR WORST FOE. The greatest influence In weakening: the efforts of the allies for the defeat of Germany has been overconfidence. It has been so from the outbreak of war. It Is far less so among; our allies In Europe than was the case three years ago, for it has been washed out by a flood of blood, tears and gold, but it is still the dominant Influence in the United States today. It has led the allies to commit grave errors of strategy and diplomacy, which have greatly prolonged the war. It may be removed from the minds of Ameri cans only by the same losses, sacri fices and -sufferings as have been ef fective In Europe, for overconfidence Is our greatest National defect of character, and we have paid for it dearly in all our wars. When Britain declared war it was hoped that the little British army would stem the flood of Germans which flowed through Belgium into France, but half of that army was de stroyed and the other half was swept before the flood. When the flood was turned back at the Marne it was expected to be rolled back out of France, but it stopped at the Aisne and on the line extending northward to Nieuport. There it re mained for nearly two years, receding only slightly before attack at a few points, but almost reaching Verdun In the tremendous attacks of 1916. The over-sanguine expected the al lied armies to drive the Germans out of France when they began the battle of the Somme, but they did not. After months of fighting the Germans only withdrew a maximum of twenty miles to a new line. Capture of the Vlmy ridge and of the heights north of the Aisne was expected to crumple the Hindenburg line, but it did not. Capture of the Messlnes ridge was looked upon as the beginning of a drive which was to have swept the Germans out of Belgium this year and to have forced a retirement in France to the Me use, but it was not. The Germans are being driven back, but only for short distances on fronts of ten or twelve miles. . The Italians were to have taken Trieste, thought the optimists, after a rush through the intervening country, but after two and a half years of fighting they are not within cannon shot. Fighting among mountains, they measure their gains by single peaks, for which they struggle through an entire month, and they have at least three such peaks to take before they can have a level road to Trieste. They were to have overrun Trentino, but they are only on Its edge. When the Russians invaded East Prussia there were visions of a resist less march to Berlin, but they were driven out with tremendous loss. The Russians conquered almost all of Gallcla and had crossed the Car pathians. They were expected to sweep over Hungary, but they did not. They were driven out " of not only Galicia and Bukowlna, but Poland, and the German advance only stopped at the line from Riga to the Eastern Carpathians. A reconstituted Balkan league was to have added Greece, Bulgaria and Roumanla to the ranks of the allies, but it proved to be a diplomatic dream. A secret understanding ex isted from the beginning between the Kaiser and King Constantine, the lat ter refraining from open alliance with Germany through fear of the British fleet. Greece was to have aided Ser bia, as by treaty bound, but her states men were plotting aggrandizement at the expense of Serbia. Venizelos was to have swung Greece into line with the allies, but did not succeed until the allies forced Constantine to abdi cate. There Is good reason to believe that from the start Bulgaria was In secret alliance with Germany, but the allies Indulged vain hopes of winning her until King Ferdinand threw off the mask. Roumanla had been In secret alli ance with Germany and Austria since 1882, and King Charles strove for a declaration 'on their side. Not until after his death did the allies win over Roumanla. Hope that Turkey would remain neutral did not die until hostilities began at the end of October, 1914, yet we now know, on the authority of the Kaiser, that an alliance had been concluded between Germany and Turkey on August 4, the day Britain declared war. Land and sea attacks were to have taken the Dardanelles and to have been followed by a siege of Constanti nople, but they ended In-disaster. As the logical sequel to this blast ing of so many false hopes and to these military blunders, Serbia was overrun and Montenegro extinguished, but confidence still reigned. The Baloniki army was to have redeemed the country and crushed Bulgaria, but it has only cleared Western Greece and recovered Monastir. It is tied by the leg to its base. Bruslloffs offensive was to have driven the Teutons out of Russia and to have carried the allies into Hun gary, but It was stopped by pro-German traitors at Petrograd. Roumania's Invasion of Transyl vania was to have turned the Teuton flank, forced a general retirement In the east and ended in the conquest of Hungary. It did not. Before Christ mas, 1916, the Germans took Bucha rest and occupied two-thirds of Rou manla. In Mesopotamia the Brftish army was to have taken Bagdad before the end of 1915, formed a Junction with the Russians, and after conquering Asia Minor to have besieged Constan tinople. It met disaster at Kut and a new army has taken Bagdad and ad vanced about fifty miles beyond, to be stopped by lack of Russian aid. A British-Egyptian army was to have conquered Syria and joined the Mesopotamia army in its march through Asia Minor. It has entered Palestine and then halted. Naval blockade was long ago to have starved the central empires into submission, but Mr. Gerard tells us they cannot be starved, and their morale Is still so good that every allied gain Is followed by repeated and furious counter attacks. Russian revolution was hailed as the dawn of a new era for democracy the world over, and as the prelude to on offensive on the east which would hurl back the Teutons and enable the allies to end the- war in 1917. In truth, the Russians, their minds pois oned with sedition and treason, have been thrown back on north and south, and Petrograd itself is not considered safe. Russia is split into factions with a government which cannot govern, and there is great danger that all her vast resources may fall into the hands of Germany. Germany's man power was to have been exhausted by attrition, but the labor of millions of prisoners and of conquered civil populations has en abled her to put more millions under arms, and her man power seems little nearer exhaustion than It was two years ago. Submarine war was scoffed at and was considered to have failed when destruction of ships fell off after the Sussex agreement. In fact, that was only a period of preparation for more ruthless war without any restraint. In hope that Germany would not add the United States to her many enemies. President Wilson exercised patience and deferred preparation for two years, all to the advantage of Ger many. When this country finally -declared war, destruction of ships reached the maximum, but that of British ships has since decreased so materially that false confidence in de feat of the submarine has revived, though heavy French and Italian losses do not warrant it. We are warned that Germany Is building more powerful and swifter U-boats, but we are deceived by statistics Into taking our time about building ships. Thinking that victory is already as sured, shlpworkers strike and tie up shipyards to force granting of their demands. . Every announcement that the allies have gained a mile or two of ground as though it were ' a great victory, every statement that the submarine terror has been killed, help the enemy by reviving that false confi dence which prompts us to indulge In Internal quarrels, In Industrial strife, to make war leisurely. Every new ally adds to this sentiment. In truth, Germany has been greatly strengthened by the territory she has conquered, and, if she should gain control of Russia, she could fight in definitely and the allies might be forced to force their way across Ger many to win a decision. Overconfi dence is our worst foe. HYPO CRIST. The imperial government greets with spe cial sympathy the leading Idea of the peace appeal wherein his holiness clearly expresses the conviction that In future the material power of arms must be superseded by the moral power ot right. We are also convinced that the sick body of human society can only be healed by fortifying the -moral power of right. From the Kaiser's reply to the ropri peace not. When the devil was sick, he pre tended to think that might was wrong and right was right, and he longed for the millennium. But when the devil was well, he thought that might was right, and right was German might, and he de stroyed Belgium, ravaged France, bombarded England, corrupted Rus sia, sank the Lusltania, lied to all neutrals through his diplomats, and turned Hades loose upon all the world. AJT tXKXOira LETTER WRITER. The Oregonian has published sev eral letters from subscribers who con demn the shipyard strike chiefly on the ground that It Is unpatriotlp. Some of these letters have appeared over pen names, but In each instance of that kind the true name and address of the writer has been supplied for the information of The Oregonian. In none of these cases, to the best of our knowledge, has the writer had any more financial Interest In shipbuilding than that held by every citizen of Portland. This statement Is made as a nre- llmlnary to that which we are about to say for the benefit and information of a wholly anonymous shin carpenter who writes to us today, and for the benefit of others who may be similarly inclined. Ship Carpenter's letter fills thirty pages of notepaper, and his expres sions and opinions, if printed, would consume nearly two columns of space. He says in the course of his letter that he is 4 5 years old, and has been a subscriber of The Oregonian for thirty years. It will be observed at once that he began reading news papers as a subscriber at an unusually early age. We are not now disposed to doubt his statement, but mention the matter for the purpose of assert ing that In all the thirty years he has taken The Oregonian he has never seen therein a letter of the kind he writes. We doubt, also, that he has ever seen an anonymous communica tion in The Oregonian two columns In length, and that on the rare occa sions he has seen a two-column letter published it has been over the true name of some one definitely author ized to speak for a large number of persons, or of one whose signature gives Instant value among the people in general to that which goes before it. In almost Its entirety Ship Carpen ter's letter is a personal attack upon and an extreme excoriation of others who have written on the other side of the same subject. He attempts to read the most disagreeable motives into their communications, speculates upon their private life in a similar way, and dares one of them to a fist fight. But one page of the thirty is de voted to the merits of the strike, and that is a comparison of food and tool prices now with those of a few years ago. There Is one complaint In the let ter that is worthy of mention. It has to do with the treatment of striking men by police on duty at the plants. This writer asserts that he attempted to go to the plant to obtain his tools which he had left there, and was not permitted to approach the place or even to state to the policeman on duty the purpose of his presence, but was compelled to move on. It was not an experience that would promote good feeling, yet we do not doubt that if any man wants to get tools he has left at any plant he will be given some sort of order or pass by either the Mayor or Chief of Police upon application. The primary purpose of this article is to announce once more that The Oregonian will not be made the me dium through which one correspond ent may address unpleasant personali ties to another correspondent on any subject. But its columns are open, within reason, to any striking work man who cares to answer any criti cisms that have been directed against labor's attitude, if he will confine him self to the issue. He should disclose his Identity, but not necessarily for publication. WHAT IS A CASTALOm? "Will The Oregonian stop talking war and strike long enough to decide for me and a beloved antagonist my wife the question as to whether a cantaloupe is a fruit or a vegetable?" writes an agitated reader. The Oregonian always strives to please; but it Is not willing to aban don comparatively easy duties to the more difficult task of settling prob lems in the vegetable World which nature has been unwilling or unable to determine. However, in this par ticular Instance we might be per suaded to act as judge and jury. If our friend will let us have his cantaloupe. If It is succulent, aromatic and mildly acidulous In other words, if It is good it is a fruit; if it is woody, hard, tasteless and unripe, it is a vegetable. We have nothing to say against vege tables as such, but we have only words of bitter contempt for any vegetable that sets itself up for a fruit, as some cantaloupes and other melons do. Any good dictionary will answer the general question as to the distinction between a fruit and a vegetable. There is, indeed, no exact line to be drawn. Thus we quote from our old -friend Webster "the apple, pear, orange, lemon, peach, plum, grape, banana, persimmon, pineapple and most ber ries are generally recognized as fruits; the pea, bean, squash, pumpkin, egg plant, cucumber, etc., are vegetables; while the tomato and melon are va riously regarded." Generally speaking. It Is a fruit when It may be eaten raw, while a vegetable must be cooked, unless it be eaten as a salad or relish. Con tinuing " our learned dissertation, it is a fruit, because tt is that product of a perennial or woody plant which surrounds the seeds; while the stem, leaves and root are left usually to be claimed as vegetables. There are many exceptions to these broad definitions, to be sure; but it is the best we can do. We avoid deliber ately such old and knotty problems as to why the pumpkin is not a fruit, if a watermelon is; and why vegetables do not grow on trees (If they don't); and turn all the many available book authorities over to any searcher for light, with the suggestion that he would do as well to make his own defi nitions after dessert. rCKY INSPIRED BY FEAR. The fury with which the House of Representatives resented the state ment of Representative Heflin that the loyalty of thirteen or fourteen members was open to question, fol lowed by the report of the rules com mittee against investigation of the charge, is not calculated to inspire confidence that all members are loyal. But no inquiry conducted by the House itself or by one of its com mittees could be expected to uncover the truth. When the "leak" Inquiry developed the fact that some mem bers had speculated in stocks, it stopped short. No attempt was made to ascertain who those members were, in what they had speculated or on what information they had acted. Too much might have been told. There Is a clublike feeling among members, quite irrespective of party, which promts them to stand together when any or their number is under attack, and they fiercely resent action against them by any other department of the Government. They rose in wrath when Representative Buchanan was indicted for connection with a bogus labor organization which had been formed by German agents. More can be accomplished toward getting at the truth by the Department of Justice than by any committee of the House. Its efficiency has been proved by the uncovering of the secret machinations of German spies and by the simultaneous raids on I. W. W. headquarters In many cities which yielded proof of collusion with Ger man agents In instigating strikes and outrages. Members of the House may feel wholesome awe of secret service men who get such results. That frame of mind may explain the new access of loyalty which is displayed by some who formerly shouted for peace, for an embargo on munition exports and against travel on belliger ent ships. One purpose of publishing the Von Bernstorft dispatch may have been to confirm the consciously guilty In their new faith, and to keep all on the anxious seat by not going farther to name individuals. That policy keeps all on their pood behavior. EXrixOITING RUSSIA'S TROUBLES. Every evidence of military weakness on the part of Russia has been hailed in some quarters with declarations that Russia has broken down, that Russia has ceased to be an important factor in the war and is practically out of the war. These Interpretations of every untoward event in Russia are of a kind with the reports sent from this country to Russia that American labor Is opposed to the war and regards it as an enterprise of the millionaires for their own enrichment reports which magnify sporadic strikes and I. W. W. disorders to make it appear that the United States is seething with rebel lion and Is In the same state of internal disorder as Russia. They play the game of Germany by spreading dis trust in each allied country of the determination and staying power of the others. They teach Russia that America is "lying down" and they try to convince Americans that Russia is "lying down," for the purpose of weak ening the fighting spirit of all and of causing the enemies of Germany to throw up their hands with the despair ing exclamation: "What's the use?" To combat this insidious propagan da, the Russian government has es tablished an information bureau in New York, which issues bulletins tell ing frankly the actual state of affairs in Russia. One of these bulletins ex plains that the pessimistic speeches of Premier Kerensky and General Kornlloff at Moscow laid all the em phasis "on the sore spots of the army" in order to "point out the danger," but it points out that "the Russian army still exists a powerful body of a few million men" and continues: The names of the regiments which frus trated the military plans of the Russian General Staff are well known and can be counted on the fingers. It is unfortunate that when one regiment retreats, opening the lines, the sntlre system of defense is broken, and the other regiments must fol low. It would not be an overestlmatlon to! say that not less than 95 per cent of the entire Russian army Is still sound fighting material, and as soon as the 6 per cent af fected by Maximalist agitation will either recover or be amputated, the splendid fight ing spirit of the Russian army will be re stored. Russia, in full accord with her al lies, will do her bit "to make the world safa for democracy." In support of this opinion, the bul letin says that in the first two months following the revolution 108,955 de serters returned to the front, no data being available as to the forces in the rear and in remote provinces. It quotes the resolutions of the All Russian Cos sack Congress pledging support to the provisional government in "pursuing a domestic policy based on the consent of all the organized democratic forces and a foreign policy in complete har mony with the allies." It quotes-one delegate as denouncing deserters as "traitors and cowards" and as de manding that "the most rigid measures be employed to put a stop to the evil of Maximalist propaganda." Similar sentiments were approved by the Workmen's and Soldiers' Council, and the bulletin concludes: The entire population of Russia, with ex ceptions that are practically negligible, un derstand the seriousness of the situation. Internal as well as military, and are ready to support the government composed of the best, most popular and powerful men. The difficulties of the Russian situation must not be underestimated, but on the other hand, the American public must not over look the fact that all the best forces of Russia are mobilized to combat the danger, and the natural strength of the country Is finally bound to prevail. The present military situation on the Russian front supports these state ments. Disastrous as was he loss of Riga, it was due to the defection of a few regiments at a critical point. The bulk of the Russian army has fought so stubbornly In Its retreat that the Germans express no hope of a much farther advance toward Petro grad before Winter, and the Russians bid fair to stop them at prepared posi tions. The Austro-German advance from Galicia Into Bessarabia has been stopped by the stubborn resistance of the Russians, and Von Mackensen Is so powerless to make further gains In Roumanla that he Is reported to have called for reinforcements. The wonder Is that a nation which has been crippled for war by a corrupt autocracy and which has been disor ganized by revolution should have been able to do so well. In forming our opinions of Russia we should beware above all of looking at her through German spectacles by accepting without question versions of the situation which come from Ger man sources. Fixing of the amount to be raised by the war revenue bill at about $2,700,000,000 places the proportion of war expenditure to be paid by taxa tion at about one-fourth. That is the ratio at which Britain arrived in the third year of war, and this country cannot greatly exceed. Amount of war taxes will doubtless Increase each year, but so will expenditures, so that the same ratio may be maintained. Payment of one-half of the cost out of revenue, as proposed by Secretary McAdoo, seems Impracticable. There is not much room for specu lation as to what Colonel Roosevelt would have done, had he been Presi dent when the Lusitania was sunk, but there is much room for specula tion as to whether Germany would have sunk her. The Kaiser would have remembered that Venezuela in cident. ' . President Wilson gave this assur ance to Henry Franklin Bouillon, a member of the French Cabinet: "To the last man, to the last dollar, the whole force of the United States Is at your service." It is up to us to make that pledge good by not losing a day's work on ships or anything else needed in war. In the headlines of two news Items, one below the other in The Oregonian, occur these words: "Coal operators and miners in deadlock"; "15,000 rookies drill." That Is pulling against each other, which does not go in war. It Is serious business, in which all must pull together. The Endeavorers can best satisfy their scruples by sending Bibles to the soldiers, while others send tobacco and cigarettes. Then the boys can take their choice or take both. Smok ing and Bible-reading are not abso lutely incompatible. In view of the activity of Austrlans in I. W. W. agitation, it is about time that the United States ended the pre tense that Austria is not an enemy. Restriction of the movements of Ger mans while Austrlans run at large is farcical. There Is no truce on the battle-line. There should be one In the "shipbuild ing strike, if all concerned are loyal Americans. Idleness puts all con cerned on the side of the Germans, whether that be their intention or not. The lure of getting land for almost nothing is great, and It is well that Government stops the deception by withholding mall. When the grant lands are ready for sale, all will be notified. To how low an ebb has Russian patriotism sunk when the only men who are willing to fight for Russia ay: "We are not Russians, thank God, but Caucasians . and Mohamme dans." Picking is becoming a great line of activity In Oregon. It starts with ber ries, gathers cherries and hops, and now It is apples and cranberries, the latter being something new. The men Implicated In German and Austrian Intrigues are now busy deny ing and explaining, but the fact re mains that they got the money and that it was German money. John F. Logan says truly that nurs ing a public job is a disease; but while everybody has a desire to live off the Government, there is no cure in sight. The Germans are laughing at the Americans abroad as did the man who would throw the bull over the fence. A visitor at the State Fair Portland day thought everybody was there, with an auto for every child. Roosevelt made history and knows how to tell of the making. It Is good to read. Some day the sun may grow cold and the stars old, but Mary Pickford never. The cow will do her bit at two quarts for" two bits, European War Primer. Livonia, one of the three Baltic prov inces of Russia, now being overrun by the Germans, following their capture of the provincial capital, has the Gulf of Riga as Its western boundary, and is bordered on the east by the govern ments (states) of Petrograd, Pskov and Vitebsk. It has an area about equal to that of the combined areas of Massa chusetts and New Hampshire, but with a population of only about a million and a half, comparable to that of South Carolina. More than 1000 square miles of Livonia's territory la insular, how ever, including; the islands of Oesel and Rundo, in the Gulf of Riga, while another 1000 square miles is repre sented In that portion of Lake Peipus which belongs to the province. Nearly two-fifths of the remainder of the ter ritory is forest land, while there are nearly 1000 small lakes, numerous marshes and peat bogs and a consid erable tract of sand dunes on the Gulf of Riga shore, bo that the agricultural area, is smaller than would at first appear. The cultivable lands of Livonia are largely in the hands of wealthy nobles, the size of the average estate being nearly 10,000 acres. On these estates the most scientific farming Implements are used and cultivation is conducted according to the most modern methods. The chief products are rye, barley, oats, potatoes and. some wheat, hemp and buckwheat. Among the chief Industries of the province are woolen, cotton, flour, flax and sawmills, distilleries, breweries, soap, tobacco and furniture works. More than 100,000 persons eke out a livelihood in the fisheries of Lake Pel pus and the Gulf of Riga. Although coins of the time of Alex ander the Great have been found on the island of Oesel, the history of-the province emerges from obscurity not earlier than the 11th century, when the Germans began to penetrate to this region. About the middle of the 12th century merchants from the powe-ful Hanseatlo city o' Lubeck reached the mouth of the River Dvina and estab lished trading posts in the vicinity of what Is now Riga. These commercial pioneers were followed' by emissaries of the Archbishop of Bremen, who be gan to preach Christianity to the semi piratical natives. Then came the Order of the Brethren of the Sword, apostles who inculcated their religious teaching with the aid of steel. About the middle of the 16th century Livonia underwent a partition, the northern half being assimilated by the growing power of Russia and the southern portion being annexed by Po land. When the war between' Sweden and Poland was launched this unhappy province became the battleground of the warring armies, and a centary later it was the scene of the triangular con flict of Sweden, Russia and Poland. By the treaty of Nystad, in 1721, the prov ince was definitely assigned! to Russia. About 43 per cent of the inhabitants of Livonia are Letts, while an almost equal number are Esths. Eighty per cent of the people are communicants of the Lutheran church. In one particular Livonia outshines every other provlnco in Russia in its public school syste-n. It is estimated that nine-tenths of the children receive regular Instruction ir times of peace. STRAIGHT HIGHWAY SUSSES ALL So Writer Snggesti That All Populous Center Be Served. PORTLAND, Sept. 28. (To the Edi tor.) "Yamhill favors direct highway." Then, why not let them have it? But If it is to be direct, then why run It through McMinnville, for that will not be direct, any more than through Dallas? By the map printed in The Oregonian, it Is about as much out of the way via McMinnville to Amity as via Dallas to Independence; but if it is to do the most good to the most people, then It looks to me as though it Bhould run through the most popu lous centers and run via McMinnville, Dallas and Monmouth to Independence. If, on the other hand, it is to be short and direct, then let It run straight through Dayton and Amity to Inde pendence, leaving the aforementioned town out. I. for one, believe that running the road through these populous centers will make it more interesting for the tourlBt travel, and because it is a mite longer. Just that many more people will be benefited. I am a taxpayer, living right here In Portland. I do not own an automobile, nor have I any ax to grind. Further than that I like to see a square deal all around. I have many personal friends both in McMinnville and Dallas. I do not blame my friend, Curtis Hawley, for hi3 stand. Like all others, both at Dallas and McMinnville, he sees the matter through colored glasses, as It were. No one is to blame for wanting the highway close to his own holdings; but I think it will be a matter of only a little longer time until all herein in terested will be accommodated. E. S. PIPER. 1S71 East Eighth street north. Everybody Work at Soldier's Pay. PORTLAND, Sept. 28. (To the Edi tor.) It seems to me that the time has come when all strikes In these United States should stop. And it seems there is but one solution to this condition. I would suggest that Congress Im mediately pass a bill empowering the President of the United States to draft every man in this country. Some will say this is a very radical move, but if it Is right and lawful to draft our boys and send them to Europe to be killed it certainly would not be asking too much to draft the others of us and put us to work on soldiers' pay, thereby eliminating all profit in business for the time being. In Germany they are all at work for the fatherland. In Japan they are all working for beautiful Japan. Why not let us in the United States all go to work for Uncle Sam? If we would do this I believe we would accomplish more in the next two years than it is possible for us to ac complish under the present system in the next ten. DR. B. E. WRIGHT. Going Somewhere in France. By James Barton Adams. They're going to "Somewhere In France," Just where they do not care a nick, where they can get a fighting chance to show old Bill a Yankee trick. The moustache on his royal face that upward points as ears of mules they'll cause to droop toward the place where his twin brother Satan rules. They're going to "Somewhere In France" to throw hot soup Into the Huns, to do a warlike song and dance to music of their barking guns. They do not thirst for German blood, nor to see corpses, stiff and stark; have no desire to hear the thud of bullets that have found their mark; they are not In the game for fun to Helena with such a though but every Uncle Sammy son Is a. red-blooded patriot, and they are going across the sea to play the game for all 'tis worth and help to kick autocracy clear off the surface of the earth, and incidentally to show that, rabid German mad dog he can't snap at Uncle Sam and throw mud at our flag of Liberty; to show him Uncle Sam is not the wearer of a yellow streak, that when he gets a hostile swat he will not turn the other cheek, and when he puts his fighters in the game where hot-mouthed can nons boom he knows they'll stay" until they win and bring the vict'ry bacon home. NUMBER OF MEJT TV IT. S. FORCES Excess of One Million Volunteers Now in Army and Navy. PORTLAND, Sept. 28. (To the Edi tor.) (1) Did France borrow from the United States the 6,000,000,000 francs she had to pay Germany in 1871? (2) What nation was considered the world's banker before the war? (3) Has the United States only re cently begun to make loans to foreign governments? (4) What Is the present strength of the U. S. forces, both here and abroad, without taking into account the 687,000 men now being assembled at the dif ferent cantonments? (5) How many men, approximately, have volunteered or enlisted since April 1. this year. H. LTSTRUP. 391 Yamhill street. (1) No. France issued bonds, which were taken by her own people. (2) England. (3) Yes, so far as we now recall. (4) On September 1, 1917, there were In tha regular Army, National Guard and Reserve "Corps of the Army 78,828 officers and 741,053 enlisted men. In the Navy there were 141. 86T enlisted men, 41,473 Naval Reserves and 14,500 of the Naval Militia In the Federal service. There were 5000 men in the Coast Guard and 6500 in the Hospital Corps, making a total of 209,340. Enlisted strength of the Marine Corps was 29, 971; reserves in the service, 1070; Na tional Naval volunteers, 704; retired men on active duty, 14. There were approximately 12,000 officers In the Navy and 1166 in the Marine Corps. In other words, on that date, the Army had, including officers and en listed men, 819.881. and the Navy 254, 265, making a total armed strength on that date of 1,074,146 men, all of whom are volunteers. (5) About 1,750,000, up to August 5, had offered their services, and 600,000 had been accepted. Rejections were on account of physical and other imperfections. Best Shorthand Systems. PORTLAND, Sept. 28. (To the Edi tor.) Which of the two systems of shorthand (Gregg and Pittman) Is used the most and which is considered the best? H. M. This is a difficult question to answer. In that students of both systems, as well as instructors, maintain that the system used by them Is the best. How eer, of the three leading business col leges of the city, all of whom teach both systems, two of these are of the opinion that the Gregg system is the most practical. The advantage they ascribe to this system is that It Is not shaded and that It is written in one position, while Pittman is written in both light and shaded characters and is also written on, below and above the line. Question of Generosity. AMERICAN LAKE, Wash.. Sept. 27. (To the Editor.) I have been follow ing with interest through your forum the protracted discussion concerning evils or benefits derived In connection with sending tobacco to the boys who go over. I feel the solution to this waste of words is simply this: "Do or do not the men behind desire to be generous enough to contribute toward purchas ing the boys a luxury, the sale of which Is not prohibited in any country in the world, incidentally saving; that much for them. In addition to impressing them with tha thought they are not forgotten by those at home? WILLIAM R. WALSH. Women as Hnnters, PORTLAND. Or.. Sept. 28. (To the Editor.) (1) Please inform me if a woman goes hunting with her husband is each allowed to bring in five birds? (2) Does a woman require a hunting license in Oregon. SUBSCRIBER. (1) Each Is allowed five birds. (2) A Woman must have a hunting license. On April 20. MONMOUTH, 0. Sept. 27. (To the Editor.) Will you kindly give me the date upon which Easter Sunday will fall In the Spring of 1919? J. H. ACKERMAN, President. FOR FEATURE STORIES THAT RIVAL FICTION IN KEEN INTEREST READ The Sunday Oregonian LIFE AND DEATH WITH A SUBMARINE "The Diary of a U boat Captain," the second installment of which appears in the Sunday issue, is a narrative that none should neglect to read. Through the lens of this human document one sees the sea-terror at work. The story is real, grippingly so. It is the record that Captain von Tuebinger, suicide, left when he quit the business of Prussian frightfulness. "THOU SHALT NOT MURDER" Have the translators of the Old Testament, who unraveled the original Hebrow, mistaken the ui ward meaning of the admonition, "Thou shalt not kill"? Dr. Clifton Harby Levy, a distinguished New York rabbi, treats of ' this and other Biblical translations from the viewpoint of the Hebrew scholar, and discusses the need for an English version of the Old Testament, translated by Jewish scribes. HERBERT KAUFMAN'S PAGE "Look here," Kaufman seems to say, "the world's all right if anything's wrong it's you!" The best medicine for a jaundiced temperament may be found in one of this matter-of-fact philosopher's paragraphs. If you haven't tried Kaufman, hunt up his own page in the Sunday issue and follow directions. KEEPING RUBBER AWAY FROM GERMANS On the trail of the rubber industry, from the forest3 of the Amazon to the factories of Akron, Ohio, rode Frank G. Carpenter, special contributor to The Sunday Oregonian. When you have laid down this story you will understand the vital importance of this single industry in the world war. WAR EAGLES OF AMERICA "The war must be won in the air," says the man on the street. What is America doing to contribute to victory for democracy in those tournaments that must be fought above the clouds of France ? Read Charles W. Duke's article in the Sunday issue on the great warplanes that the United States is fashioning for the lists of the sky. CHURCH AND SCHOOL The progress of these twin paladins of progress in Portland may bo found in the special departments de voted to each. Where services will be held, by whom and when. What the schools are doing. Real news, well told, and of high informative value. "HAVE NO FEAR, ROUMANIAI" Poems in prose, written with the fervor of a high courage, are the contributions of Queen Marie of Roumania, exile from her throne, while the Hun awaits the pun ishment of Providence. They appear in each issue of The Sunday Oregonian, and embody the ideals and aspirations of her people. HISTORY AS THE CAMERA CAUGHT IT A popular pictorial page, whereon the photographs tell their own story of the conflict in Europe, and of world events, with a faithfulness that the para graph cannot match. The American troops in London town, a Cossack funeral, the Porto Rican colonials ready for war and a half dozen other camera trophies gathered everywhere. COMPLETE IN EVERY DETAIL Each issue of The Sunday Ore gonian i3 a complete chronicle of present-day news of the world, fresh from telegraph and cable and authentic in every particular. Add to this a galaxy of features for everyone, and the result is the peer of any magazine in attractiveness and a leader in the field of public information. THE SUNDAY OREGONIAN JUST FIVE CENTS In Other Days. Twenty-five Tean Asro From The Oregonian, September 29, 1892. The Democratic clubs of this city are active as well as the Republican or ganizations. The Second, Fifth, Sixth and Eighth Ward clubs held enthusi astic meetings last night and tha Fourth Ward Democratic Club will hold a meeting Friday night. The Demo cratic city campaign headquarters will be opened in Tammany Hall this morn ing and the rooms will be kept open until after the election. F. J. Lenz, one of the owners and also traveling correspondent of the Outing Magazine, who la making a tour of the world on a bicycle, will arrive, here between 1 and 2 o'clock this after noon. Lenz Is using a pneumatic safe ty bicycle and has been riding on the ties from Pendleton. Bob LaGrande, who was arraigned In Justice Wood's court yesterday on a charge of fast driving, had the hear ing In his case continued until today. LaGrande maintains that he was not driving faster than the ordinance al lows and will fight the case. Henry E. Reed, who up to the tlm of his election to the position as clerk of the State Circuit Court was a news paper reporter, evidently cannot forget his old associations and has started in to surround himself with members of the Journalistic fraternity. Yesterday ha caused to be sworn in as deputies Max M. Shillock and J. D. McArdlo. BREAD PRICE HAS QUEER BASIS Consumer Quotes Contradictory State ments Made by Master Bakers. TROUTDALE, Or., Sept. 28. (To tha Editor.) What kind of a game are tha bakers of Portland trying to play on the consumers In fixing the size and price of the loaf of bread? In The Oregonian Thursday in an article stating that the price of flour drops 40 cents, making the wholesale price $10.20, H. H. Haynes, president of the Master Bakers' Association, Is quoted as saying that the price of bread will not be affected. He says: "The bread price Is and has been based on $9.50 flour. -That was the average price of old-crop flour and wa never raised the bread price to cor respond with the extreme flour quo tation." This had a familiar ring to me. I looked back to The Oregonian of Sep tember 14, where, on page 1, fourth column, Portland bakers are quoted as saying that the price Is and has bee, been based on $11 flour not $9.50 per barrel, but $11 per barrel. Your article says: "The revision In bread prices and weights was not based upon the excessive price recently at tained by flour, when it sold for $15 per barrel, but upon a price in the neighborhood of $11. Hence they (the bakers) maintain, although flour has fallen, their profits are yet below nor mal." Further, the same article says: "Flour must descend below $11 and attain a level somewhere near its former price, tha bakers add, before they will be en abled to return to the standard of other days." Very well. Now flour "has descended below $11," but tha bakers counter by saying they based the price of bread on $9.50 flour. Don't you think tha boys ought to get together on their state ments? To your correspondent It looks very much like a game of charging all the traffic will bear. ONE WHO PAYS THE FREIGHT. Berries and Rhubarb. SILVER LAKE, Wash., Sept. 27. (To the Editor.) (1) Please tell me how to prepare soli for berries, and when is the best time to set out loganberry and raspberry plants. (2) My rhubarb did not do any good this year. Please tell me how to care for it. Will It be best to dig the roots up and transplant them in a new place? M. W. (1) Raspberries and loganberries are both hardy plants and will grow In al most any ordinary garden soil. They require plenty of sun and Bhould ba set out about the middle of October. (2) Probably the soil for your rhubarb was not sufficiently rich. This plant will grow In rich garden soli, the richer the better. It would be advisable., to set out new plants at the same time that you put out the berries. Rhubarb also requires a unny location.