lO THE MORNING OREGONIAN, THURSDAY. AUGUST 23, 1917. r PORTLAND. OREGON. Entered at Portland (Oregon) Poitofflc as second-class mail matter. Subscription rates Invariably In advance: (By Mall.) Tally. Sunday Included, one year .$8.00 Dally, Sunday Included, six months ..... 4.5 Xally, Sunday included, tnree months ... 2.25 JJaily, Sunday included, one month ...... .75 Xai!y. without Sunday, one year 6.UO Jjaiiy. without Sunday, six months 8.25 J-afly, without Sunday, three months ... 1.75 Iaily. without Sunday, one month . . . J. . .BO "Weekly, one year 1.50 Sunday, one year ...................... 2.50 feuaday and weekly 3.50 (By Carrier.) lastly, Sunday included, one year $9.00 Xaily, Sunday included, one month ..... .75 iJaily, without Sunday, one year ........ 7. SO lJally. without Sunday, three months ... l.I5 Xiatly. without Sunday, one month ...... .65 How to Remit Send- postoffice money or der, express order or personal check on your local bank. Stamps, coin or currency are at tender's risk. Give postoffice address In full. Including county and state. Postage Kate 12 to ltl pages. 1 cent: IS to 32 pages. 2 cents; 34 to 44 pages. 3 cents; 60 to tio pages, 4 cents; 62 to 76 pages. 5 cents: 78 to S2 pages. G cents. Foreign post age double rates. Kastern Business Office Verree A Conklln JSrunswick building. New York; Verree & Conklin. Steger building. Chicago; San Fran cisco representative. K. J. Bldwell, 742 Mar ket street. PORTLAND. THURSDAY. AUG. 23. 1917. DESTINY. -Probably it would be Just as -well to leave entirely alone the question as to what would have happened In America, and in the world, if Hughes had been elected: but the subject is interesting enough to call for a column of comment from our neighbor, the Corvallis Gazette Times, following an article in The Oregonian last Sunday. The Gazette Times bluntly declares that President Hughes would not have had the ef fective and very nearly united sup Iort given President Wilson, for po litical and psychological reasons. The Democratic slogan was that Wilson had "Kept" us out of war" and the common Democratic charge was that "A vote for Hughes is a vote for war." So, argues the Corvallis paper, "if war had come many millions would have firmly and in many cases hys terically believed that it was Hughes' fault," and they would have thought that if Wilson had been re-elected he would have kept us out, and it would have been almost impossible to recon cile many of Mr. Wilson's adherents to war. The argument of our friend leads It inevitably to the- conclusion- which it accepts that it is a good thing that Mr. Wilson was elected. It is Indubitably the right thing that Mr. Wilson has now done, first, in convincing the American conscience of the righteousness of its cause and then in accepting for himself the great responsibility of leadership in the war to make the world safe for democracy and in defining for the Na tion the duty .of preserving at any cost its own integrity as a free re public. It is unthinkable now that the President could have done other wise; yet it seemed clear a year ago that he so intended. What would have been the state of America now if Germany had been permitted to go forward with its great project of world conquest, through ruthless sub marine warfare and through all the other agencies of a merciless, in satiate and too efficient Frussianism? Did not events lead irresistibly to armed denial by America of Prus sian world-power? The Oregonian long has been clear in the conviction that sooner or later America would be face to face with German autocracy, and it now thinks that the election of a President could not long affect the certain course of destiny. An election may have indicated a desire on our part to do this or do that to go in or stay out but it was not for tis to choose. If it had been, undoubtedly we should have remained to the end interested, but neutral, spectators of the greatest human tragedy. We could not keep that pose. After all. then, a few thousand votes in California have not perma nently affected the long way of history-; but an inscrutable Providence has mapped our highway, and we must march along it to the goal. With clear vision we see what it is the emancipation of all peoples from the rule of all Kaisers. MILK IS INDISPENSABLE. The statement sent out by the Na tional Dairy Council, that our stock of dairy cattle is lower today in pro portion to population than it has been for forty years, suggests a truly serious condition. The facts will not be questioned by anyone who has had ordinary opportunities for observa tion. The better equipped dairies, with their 6ilos and green pastures. have maanged to keep up in the face of increasing costs of everything they use, but the smaller dairymen have not been so fortunate. Forced to buy feed in the open market, they have seen profit turned into loss and in many instances have succumbed. Strings of cows going to the slaughter houses all over the country have told the story. Calves have been sacrificed, too. It is useless to advise a man to "keep the calves" when he has noth ing to feed them. The future as well as the present is being robbed. It is all the more distressing be cause milk is coming to be regarded by experts as almost an indispensable food. It is true that a quart contains only bzo calories, and costs 10 cents or more, but in this instance the calorie does not tell the whole story. Professor K. V. McCollum. head of the Rockefeller Foundation's nutri tional work, finds that whole milk is peculiarly rich in certain vitamines, appearing in what he provisionally terms the "fat soluble A" of the but terfat. He has also found that agita tion in the presence of oxygen de stroys the vitamine value of the fat soluble A, from which it is deduced that the virgin butterfat loses a cer tain amount of its vitamines when converted into butler by the ordinary commercial process. This quality, however, is preserved in the whole milk. The National Food Journal points out tnat there is no substitute for whole milk regardless of the calorie it and other foods may contain. Par. licularly in the nourishment of chil dren, it is regarded as indispensable. It costs more now than it did a few years ago. and the tendency of the price is higher, but at any price it will be needed. It now represents a' cost of 1 2-3 cents' for each 100 calories, but if it cost double that much we could not Ho without it. The present, decimation of dairy cow holdings is due quite largely to abandonment of the business by small farmers, who have heretofore con ducted it as a "side line." and who find it more profitable now to sell their soil products direct to elevators and consumers. It is due also to the circumstance that these smaller farm ers who are dairymen only incidental ly are. owners of a large proportion of the scrub stock, which earns the least profit and often nets a loss. The remedy would seem to lie partly in continuing, on a more intensive scale, the campaign for better dairy cows already waged by agricultural colleges everywhere, and in perfecting our methods for the distribution of milk. All students of tho ' situation agree that there is much room for im provement in the latter respect. Find ing"' the remedy, whatever it may be, will bej one of the important duties of the food commission. BETRAYING LABOR. The Spokane Labor Council has neither shame nor patriotism. It identifies itself with the treasonable and mischievous I. W. W., making demands which are both impudent and irrelevant. The primary offense of the agitator. Rowan, was that he threatened a gen eral strike unless certain prisoners I. W. W. were released from jail. There was no demand that these men be given a trial in due process of law, or claim that they were inno cent; only a protest that they were jailed at all. and an audacious proc lamation of a purpose to paralyze industry, and thus to harass the Gov ernment in time of war. Of cours? such a thing could not be tolerated. There is no twilight zone of patriot Ism. The I. W. W. is for or against America; and clearly it is against America. It is inconceivable that labor gen erally is against America. Indeed it is known to be for America. It is not likely that the Spokane Labor Council is representative of labor sentiment, even in Spokane. It has betrayed labor by its declaration of sympathy with the I. W. W. and by espousal of its cause. LIFTING OF THE LID. Mayor Baker no doubt knows what Is best to be done with a difficult problem when he insists that rooms for card-playing in public resorts shall be separated from billiard- rooms. The late Albeo administration permitted both kinds of amusement, or entertainment, or sport, in the same place. It was the idea that the all-seeing eye of a virtuous public would thus be able to discover any serious transgressions. But there was a mistake some where. Mayor Baker asserts that gambling has been carried on exten sively in the North End and he pro poses to stop it. Since the saloon has disappeared there has been no adequate poor man's club. There ought to be; and it should be ' made attractive and wholesome for men without homes and other men with no very substan tial moral anchorage. Mayor Albee devoted a great deal of time and zeal to the problem: and it had been sup posed that he had made progress in its solution. We think indeed that he did. No reasonable person could think that he would create a Utopia out of the materials furnished him. which were old-time saloon pro prietors suddenly converted into own ers of soft-drink emporiums, and men and women patrons of red-light palaces of all kinds and. conditions, seeking excitement. entertainment and refreshment. It is not surprising to learn that there has been a rever sion to old ways, and that in some places there has been gambling. Somehow the notion has got abroad that under Mayor Baker the lid will be raised. The Mayor takes occasion now to set the public mind straight and at the same time to notify the expectant habitues of the primrose path that they will pursue their pleasures at their peril. The days of the moral squad are over, but not of a rational morality. FOREST RESERVES. But few people in the United States have even an approximate knowledge of the National forests of the country. This is principally dffe to the fact that establishment of these reserves is of recent origin, less than a score of years ago, and it is because boundaries have been altered, new reserves cre ated and their administration changed all so rapidly that but few persons have kept track of them. The National forests, however, have not only come now to be one of the great Institutions of our National Government, but they comprise an in stitution that will broaden and come in for greater consideration year after year for many years to come. There fore we should be enlightened, as a people, not only upon the physical extent of the land within the reserves. but as to the administration and uses of the reserves. Ignorance upon these . subjects in states like Ohio. Indiana and Kansas. where the forests are so distant as to have no bearing on social, business or political life, is in a measure to be expected; but in Oregon, where we are in so many ways vitally interested in every phase of the forestry ques tion, every citizen ought to have an intelligent grasp of the subject. While we have reserves within sight of the city of Portland, many of the residents of the city have no' idea that about one-fourth of the state is em braced in the forest reserves. Of the 61,068,480 acres of land in Oregon 15,442,587' acres are included in the seventeen National forests of the fctate. Four of these forests. Crater. Klamath. Siskiyou and Wenaha. ex tend into other states, but the figures given include only the area in Ore gon. The smallest forest in the state is Umatilla, which contains 486. 183 acres: but, when one remembers that Rhode Island has an area of but 682. 8 80 acres, it will be seen that tne small Umatilla forest is of much sig nificance. Each of the other forests, lying entirely in Oregon, is larger than Rhode Island. Five of them contain more than a million acres each, and the largest, the Deschutes, has an area of 30,886 acres more than the area of the state of Delaware. All of the Oregon forests combined have an area just a shade over three times the size of the state of Massa chusetts. Last year livestock grazing in the National forests of .Oregon numbered 140.861 cattle. 772,224 sheep, 9771 horses and about 1100 hogs. That stock owners must be well satisfied with conditions prevailing is -evident from the fact that the capacity in 1916, as reckoned by the Chief For ester and his experts, was almost ap proached by the' actual number of stock grazed. Again there is now quite a premium reckoned for a graz ing permit. We do not mean that such permits can bo bartered and sold. The Government is strict about that; but a stockman having a graz ing permit can sell his herd to better advantage than if he were without 'a permit. Another thing that makes forest grazing popular is the absolute fair ness with which the business is con ducted. A herd enjoys a permit so long as bills are paid and there is no other friction, no matter if it changes ownership. On the other hand, a newly organized herd cannot get a permit until all the herds formerly grazed are looked after. Influence, pull," graft nothing of the kind cuts a figure. The grazing prices charged vary slightly in different sections of the country, and even in the different for ests. Generally speaking, the rates are about as follows: Horses, per year, $1; cattle, per year. SO cents; sheep, per year, 20 cents. Most of the stock, however, is grazed for shorter periods, through what is usually called the grazing season. The short-term rates are decided by dividing the yearly rate by ten, the sum thus reached being the monthly rate. The National forests are with us to stay. Belief in a safe and sane way of administering our forest affairs is rapidly growing in the minds of all the people in the country. The peo ple of the forest states are entitled to have a sane and efficient manner of administering forestry affairs. That they are getting it, that the livestock industry is encouraged, and that tour ists attracted by their advancing ac cessibility are all a partial recom pense for the severance of a vast area from possibility of settlement and complete development. NEED OF THE FUTURE. Bishop Carroll, of Helena, saw clearly the need of the future when he issued an appeal to young men not to neglect their opportunities for high er education this year. "Too many of our boys," he said, "are satisfied with the knowledge that enables them to manipulate the plow and the harrow and the reaper. But if we are to feed ourselves and our allies during . the coming years, our farmers' boys in vastly increasing numbers must fit themselves by higher education to solve the problems- of the scientific culture of the soil." It would not be economy in the end to neglect education for any tem porary advantage that might be gained. We shall need knowledge of scientific methods more than ever in the future, whether fate holds war or peace in store for us. All during the time that Europe is being restored, we shall be called upon to help in the work. This is not confined to farm ers, but the rule holds good in every vocation. Broad vision and wide sym pathies. Bishop Carroll points out, will be essential, as-well as craftsmanship, and they are the possessions of edu cated men and women. The day has gone by for the man who is content to fit himself for nothing better than to work with his hands. In any event, the great work to be done will call for directing heads, and modern methods' and labor-saving management. The door of opportun ity is only beginning to open to the trained man. The colleges, now about to resume their activities, have lost heavily in the upper classes, whose members have heard the call to ac tion, but there ought for the good of the country to be a heavy freshman enrollment. The youngsters can serve their country well by sticking to their books and laboratories for a while longer. MORTALITY OF THE DRAFTED. The high importance of training for soldiers is shown by the fact that the rate of mortality among troops actual ly engaged in fighting is much lower than it was at the beginning of the war. Roger Babson, the statistician, estimates the number of killed on the side of the allies at only about six in one hundred, and the wounded at fifteen in the hundred. Nearly all the wounded, it is well known, re cover sufficiently to return to the front. The day has passed wheu dis ease killed more than bullets. Sani tation has made really wonderful strides. Epidemics incidental to camp life are virtually unknown. The percentage of deaths in the army is actually lower than the rate in peace times at home, among men of the same ages as those at the front. This is due to the fact that although the mortality in a charge may be exceedingly high, it is offset by the vigorous outdoor life led by the men, which improves their gen eral health. It must also be borne in mind that the physically unfit have been eliminated in the recruit ing. Mr,. Babson has found by exam ination 'of the statistics that an artil lerist is in no greater danger of being killed than a workman on an Amer ican railroad. An infantryman while passing over No Man's Land in the actual charge on the enemy's works is in great peril of his life, but this does not constitute a large part of his duty. He may be in real action less than one day a month, on the average. It has also been shown that the mortality among drafted men is much lower than that of volunteer organ izations. The British troops in the early stages of the war, and the Cana dians and Colonials, suffered proba bly the heaviest, losses in proportion to numbers engaged of any of the forces on either side. But these losses have been greatly reduced since conscription became effective. Conscripts have made good soldiers. but in practice they have managed to preserve a nicer balance between judgment and enthusiasm. This has proved effective in gaining ground and has operated favorably in the conservation of man power, the im portar.ee of which is being recog nized on all sides. The longer 'the war continues, the stronger has been the desire to avoid useless sacrifice. Experience in the protection of the soldier and the care of tho wounded is beginning to count. Gas attacks are being handled more and more scientifically. Everyone will hope that Mr. Bab son is a true prophet when he pre diets that the war will continue only until the United States has 10.000 air planes and several hundred thousand troops in France. Until this is ac complished, the Prussian leaders may be able to delude the German people with the notion that our participation in the war is not serious, and mean while there will be constant repetition of efforts to canse dissension among the allies and to start peace move ments based upon a. fraction of the Kaiser party's original expectations. Meanwhile, too, the campaign of the British. French and Italians and the Incidental assistance of the Rus sians on the southeastern front are wearing down the central powers and weakening their morale. There would seem to be sound reasons for believ ing the- presence, of a, truly effective American army in Europe, self-supporting on its own bases, and pre pared to join in a crushing drive will bring the Prussian party to its senses, even before the blow is delivered. It is partly for this reason that no effort should be spared that will deliver and equip such a force. ' Decisive action may reasonably be expected to reduce the mortality rate among our own drafted men to a negligible minimum. Delay, on the other hand, is certain to prolong the war. Every man at home who delays the organization and equipment of our Army is an ally of the casualty list. This applies as much to the LaFol lettes of the Senate as to the I. W. W. in lumber mills and grain fields. If is wholly to be expected that our reg ulars now in France, and perhaps some of the later arrivals, will see real fighting, but there is an excellent chance, if we are whole-hearted in our work of preparation, that the men now being called under the selective draft will get little more out of the service than a wholesome adventure, a valuable experience and an educa tion that will be highly beneficial to them. This depends, as has been said, on the people at home. The paramount duty of Americans who want to see their armies come home intact is to back them up with every time-saving. result-producing resource at their command. - - - The utter impossibility of getting away from the modes, where the in terests of women are concerned, is illustrated by a recent meeting in Boston to study food conservation. The newspaper accounts give as much space to the "Hoover costume" worn by the demonstrator as to the methods she employed in cooking to save waste. The Hoover costume is made of blue chambray, with collar, cuffs and cap of white pique, but it was acknowledged to be exceedingly becoming to the young woman who wore it. The apron has capacious pockets, which make for utility, and a cross-over belt, which enables It to be folded over the other side out in the event that it has been discolored by the spattering of fruit juice. A seal was worn on the cap and sleeve and at the throat, which "gave a jaunty and patriotic finish to the humble piece of housekeepers' ap parel." The uniform is no more ex pensive for being attractive and the consciousness of being well-dressed, even In the kitchen, adds to the pleas ure of domestic work. Agitation for a 6-cent piece to make it handy to pay a 6-cent streetcar fare in some cities and to buy a 6 cent loaf of bread in others might have been expected, for we have been educated to expect every sort of "con venience, real and imaginary. ine theory is that the man who now puts a nickel on tne DaKery counter, or hands one to the car conductor, will be delayed unnecessarily if he is com pelled to wait for the change from a dime or a quarter, and that the giving of .four pennies with every 6-cent transaction will call out an undesir able quantity of copper coin. There is something to be said on the latter score, but it is a question whether so many people who spend a nickel are ready- with the exact change as is commonly supposed. The 6-cent coin is probably a long way off, as also is tho half-cent piece, for which there has lately been a renewed demand. based on the campaign for thrift and the increased necessity for saving in little things if wo are to make ends meet. It Is a Massachusetts Senator who proposes a $1 tax on every dog in the country. You would not find a Mis souri Senator doing such a thing. The man who used to hog all the bread on the restaurant table and call for more butter has reformed. The cashier showed him how. The man who has a big pile of slabwood is to be envied, rather than oppressed, because the fuel offends esthetic ideas of the beautiful. That movie actor whose bank ac count prevented him from obtaining exemption is probably cursing the man who invented thrift. It does look rather hard to compel a little wife of 25 to support herself while a husky male brute ten years older i3 not called. Germany is evidently willing to have peace thrust upon her, but just now she is not getting quite what she counted on. Mexico is being good and will Etay good. There is nothing for her abroad and her big neighbor - has a large size army. The fighting is tremendous on the western line, and America is not in, but there will be great openings by and by. The special officer in Curry County who searched the Governor's car for booze wanted to show he was on the job. Go right down the line. Mr. Mayor, and stop all the gambling to the least of it, always the most insidious. The latest scare is poisoned to bacco' sent to soldiers. Some "to baccos" smoke that way. What superior class of bone Is In the head of the man who proposed buttons for the exempt? Generals Haig and Petain seem to be keeping right .t tho job of giving the enemy no rest. If yon cannot go to the coast, a swim at one of the resorts is ex hilarating. Any householder can imagine an earthquake when a . heavy truck passes. Dish cloths, like charity, begin at home and the boys at Clackamas need them. There is some class to the electrical workers, who ask for a dollar a. day more. Eschewing bread and eating pie for breakfast is not conserving wheat. Nothing but Bull Run water goes into ice hereafter. The I. W. W. spirit is pervading the state prisons. Bear In mind tomorrow la -a meat less day. Stars and Starmakers. By Leone Cass) Baer. BILLINGS. Mont.. Xng. 18. I know a lotta actors who need give themselves no uneasiness over this income tax proposition. There's no tax on one's imagination. a They have a policeman here In Bil lings 93 years old. Nothing like a steady Job and lots of sleep to promote longevity. Whenever I read an article in which some chorus dame splashes around in print about the simple beauty of life in the country, I know that her concep tion invariably includes a roadster, a limousine, a wine cellar, a natatorium and a pleasant adjacent country club with a cabaret. a "The gown should match the face." says Madame Petrova in a late chat. Ah, yes, Petrova, but just think of some of the gowns if this rule were to be made mandatory. Just thjnk! Got to hand it to Billings for owning one of the most ultra-super-hyper- modern young men in captivity. Up to the moment of going to press he takes precedence over anyone I ever heard of in the matter of wide-awakeness and Ingenuity of method In doing away with a rival. In the well-known olden days the swain who found himself get ting the worst of It in an affair of the heart went out and poked a sword through a vital, spot In his rival's an atomy. When the modern young man can think of nothing better he goes out and licks his rival by way of getting even. Not so this young Lothario in Billings. All he did was to have the more successful suitor arrested on the charge that he is a married man and using false pretenses in his love niak ing. Was he married? you ask. No, in deedy. That's where the super-hyper-ultra ingenuity of the first young man comes in. The rival wasn't married, but his arrest was enough. The girl In the case will never, never believe he isn't married' not now. Her suspicions have been aroused and you all know what that means. Rather mean trick, you' say? Oh, well, remember the old adage, "All's fair in war." Most of the people I notice running around swatting the fly used to get them by tho surer if slower method of simply keeping their mouths open. m "Very Good Eddie" was here last Saturday night and did a record busi ness. The local reviewer was "sur prised to And it had a real plot." I'm always curious to know what difference a plot makes in a Summer show. If the girls are good-looking, the music sprightly and tuneful and the lines smart, absolutely nothing more is needed excepting a thousand dollars' worth of ice water between acts and a lotta fans and ice cream or water melon at home on the kitchen table after the show is over. Kind words may be more than coro nets, but they don't get a millionth the attention in the daily print. Personally, my primal Instinct on be ing introduced to a coronet-wearer would be to kick its owner's shins. Naturally it .was a bit rough on that actres3 who was choked to death with her diamond necklace, but what a real ly grand way to die. girls. An exchange tells of a young woman with a largo yearning to shine in a chorus, who applied to Andreas Dippel for a position in a musical comedy he was producing. "To sing in a chorus of mine." said Mr. Dippel, "you must have a good voice." "Oh, but I have one," replied the girl. Mr. Dippel led her to the piano and asked her to demonstrate her vocal powers. Sitting at the instrument and then swinging around, she smiled sweetly and asked: ."Shall I sing 'The Chairs in the Por lor All Miss You,' or something light?" iieres anotner. from an exchange, or you might say eggs-change: Oscar Hammer-stein, in discussing the philosophy of chickens, said the other day that when he was making arrange ments for a season of comic opera some years ago at his old theater on Thirty fourth streot, a lady called Aurelia Henn secured from him, after diligent scratching, an appointment to hear her sing. At the fated hour he was in his private room and his music director came up to him and said: "Miss Henn is on the stage, Mr. Hammerstein, and has begun to cackle." Sob sister arises to query, "Ah. what can be deader than an old love letter taken from a man's pocket by his wife in the long ago before he'd even had a chance to post it?" Dunno what could be deader unless !t was some yet older love letter that be had actually posted to tho wife in question. Another art from the repertoire of the famous Washington Square Players is scheduled for vaudeville shortly. It is "Moondown," written by John Reed, a Portlandcr, and will be played by Regina Connelli and Ruby Craven. Miss Craven played the rolo in the original production. A letter forwarded to mo here from a "Eugene correspondent" asks for my "definition of a woman's sense of hu mor." Let's see. Gimme time to think. It's that quality which every daughter of Eve feels to be excess baggage In herself because she lives in a cold, queer world where not other woman alive has any. The report to the effect that Eddie Foy contemplated returning to musical comedy is settled for the time being, at any rate. The younger Foys will not be put in camphor and they don't see any reason why pa should desert them so that he could cavort with other ac tors and actresses who are not mem bers of the family. Eddie and his off spring have now been engaged for an Orpheum tour, which began August 12. The famous father will be seen as "The Old Woman Who Lived in a Shoe" and the other Foylets will characterize the other roles in the nursery rhyme. Coupl got married here last week and at the services an esthetic dancer. I don't know of which sex, preceded 'em up the aisle doing one of these chemise-clad barefoot dances. I reckon the pair expect their married life to be one grand sweet cabaret. They've changed the old line to read "The hen that lays the golden egg." Whenever a girl tells you her beau is "so genteel." you can gamble he's a "sent.: CO-OPERATIOV WILL WI.V WAR Duty of Americana Emphailzcd in Present Critical Hour. EUGENE, Or., Aug. 20. (To the Edi tor.) Much has been said or tne bravery of the young men who nao enlisted for the great war. Much, too, is being voluntarily done for their comfort and safety. We. out of whose homes they go appreciate all this, ana yet some of us cannot help thinking that in some ways things are not wholly as they should be. Some things seem to have been prac tically demonstrated: 1. That man for man the British and French equal the Germans as fighting men. 2. That now, at least. In material equipment, guns, ammunition, etc., the British and French armies equal the German. And yet, 3. When we see the Germans hold ing the eastern Iorrc against the Rus sians and the western against the British. French and Belgians, we can not avoid the impression that, propor tionately, in effective war power the Germans do surpass their Western op ponents. The reason of this dominance In ef fectiveness seems not difficult to find. Germany has mobilized the entire re- sources of her empire, men and ma terial. She permits no diversion of ef fort, no interference with her work to accomplish her one end. On the other hand, how much of the highest govern mental energy, England, for instance, has had to turn from real war to se curing enlistments, composing differ ences with labor and suppressing po litical uprising' and agitations. Grad ually England has been forced from half-way measures to a more complete mobilization of her resources. Must we go through a like series of protests, delays and half-way measures, to be at last staggered by awful losses into a thorough preparation for our work? What Germany is doing is thus stated by one of her officials: The war office represents Germany as a colossal firm controlling: production of every kind. It is indifferent to the kind of coat. civil or military, its employes wear. The whole war is becoming: more and more a question of labor, and to give the army a firm basis for its operations the domestic forces must be mobilized. To the same effect is the following from a war correspondent: The most extreme example of German paternalism is her recent step in establish ing universal compulsory labor for all able- bodied men behind the front. Ail men of military age who are unfit to bear arms and all men over military age but under tio will be put In charge of the War Office. Hundreds of thousands of men heretofore in munitions factories will be released for service at the front. Thus It appears that all available man power in Germany Is government- ally used for war purposes and put where it will be most effective. As we know, both food production and food consumption are also in governmental control. In comparison with what Gcr many has already in active, efficient war service, how meager seems what we have attempted, not to mention ac complished, in our four months of war. German control of men, at the same time, prevents strikes and war discus sion that would embarrass her govern ment. It is thus against a highly in telligent, highly organized, desperate foe that we are to send our young men. Not only is no similar preparation be ing made by us, but there is an abund ant evidence of coming industrial dif ficulties that cannot fail to halt war preparation and the support of our armies. And as if that, were not enough, a small minority insists on public discussion of war aims, terms of peace, and of criticism of the wa hopes of some of our allies. These trouble makers seem to be more con cerned that Germany may get out of the trouble she has brought on the world without much hurt to herself than that we should win. What would have been thought of Washington and his compatriots if they had refused the help of France in our Revolution until the French Gov rnment had categorically affirmed that love of human freedom and not hatred of England controlled them? A good cause is not so easily damned as some people think. The results of the Revo lutionary struggle seem to have been world wide and wonderfully benefi cent notwithstanding any 'possible moral obliquity on the part of Franco. Mind. V am not saying that the war aims of any of our allies have been or are bad, but I am trying to say that in a great struggle for world good it is foolish to refuse help, and that we can safely trust those who will have sacri ficed greatly for world peace and world freedom in their hour of triumph not to stain their heroism by ignoble terms imposed on the vanquished. Can wo think for a moment' that the most humane nations of the earth, having overthrown Prussian militarism at al most infinite cost, would then dictate a Prussian peace? Finally, I want to thank The Ore gonian for all that it is so ably saying for prompt, thorough and sufficient war preparation. S. D. ALLEN. -MY tADDIE." Where Is my laddie with eyes of blue And hair of softest brown? I heard the bugle calling. It sounded through the town. I hear the. tramp of many feet, I see my laddie fair; He's going away across the sea To the land of do and dare. How grand he looks, my laddie; How noble, and so tall; He's brave, I know, my laddie; He answered to the call. And when he's gone out yonder. Each night I'll say a prayer For every boy that's fighting In the land of do and dare. You've gone away, my laddie; I hear your echoing feet; The band is playing "Auld Lang Sync"; It sounds so sad and sweet. Come back, come back, my laddie, When you've conquered over there. And leave a breath of freedom In the land of do and dare. HELEN WAY-CRAWFORD. Pendleton, Or. AMMoeiatlon to Kneourage Art. ASHLAN'D, Or.. Aug. 21. (To the Editor.) Flense tell me whether there is in Portland an art association, art in stitute or otier place, where competi tive exhibits aro held. If so. where are they? ESTHER WIIITED. The Portland Art Museum, Fifth and Taylor streets, will be glad to answer any questions. Mrs. Alice Welsfer. art chairman for the Federated Clubs might give you information of the character you want. Her address is 653 East Fifteenth street North, Portland. If Idaho. PORTLAND. Aug. 22. fTo thfl Edi tor.) The following was published in The Oregonian several years ago. I suggest it as the slogan of the I. W. w.: I'd go and hoe th (trowing: com If Idaho, I'd hoe till dusk from early morn if Idaho; Put since such work Is hard for men And women like to work, why, then let Idaho. MELISSA UVEDALIA. Cirnerals of I". S. Army. PORTLAND. Aug. 22. (To the Edi tor.) Can you tell me how many Gen erals there have been in" the history of the United States to the present time? J. F. ENDICOTT. Four have held the title of full General In the U. S. Army: George Washington, 1798 to 1799; Ulysses S. Grant, 1S64 to 1R63; William T. Sher man, 1869 to 1883; Philip H. Bheridan, 1883 to 18S8. In Other Days. Half a Century Ago. From The Oregonian of August 23, 186T. The match game between the Pioneer and the Occidental baseball clubs was" played in the city- yesterday, com mencing at 11:49 A. M. and closing at 3:19 P. M. "The Pioneers secured 66 runs and the Occidentals 32. The gams was witnessed throughout by a great number of ladies and gentlemen. New York A duel took place at . Weehawken. Shots were exchanged but nothing serious resulted. The cause of it was- a woman. Kansas City The cornerstone of the Cameron bridge across the Missouri was laid today with Masonic ceremo nies. Five thousand people were pres ent from the neighboring towrji. The old warehouse of Messrs. Couch and- Flanders, about midway of their wharf, an old landmark, has been torn' down to enable the proprietors to re pair their wharf and to build a new and more commodious warehouse. Punta Rosa, Florida The Cuban sub marine cable has been successfully spliced and works well. Twenty-five Years Ako. . . From The Oregonian of August 23. 1S92. Washington Ten days from now the Internal Revenue Bureau will enter upon its first experience in registering' and photographing all Chinese resi dents in this country, with many doubts and misgivings. . , San Francisco Chris Evans and John Sontag. the Visalia train robbers. have escaped over the Sierras and) are now bound for the Colorado River. Major Handbury. United States En gineers, has returned from Cascade Locks. There is no one at work there except Lieutenant Taylor and a force of draftsmen who are working on the plans and specifications of all the work necessary to complete the canal. An "Inquirer" wants to know why, the public street sweeper postpones his work on week nights until a late hour when the streets are deserted and on " Sunday nights appears at 8 o'clock, when the streets are thronged with people, whom he drives off with his dust-raising machine. Work has not yet begun on the Ter minal Company's grand central pas senger station, although, a week ago it looked as if everything was in readiness for a commencement. Retailer Not Getting; Rich. PORTLAND. Aug. 22. (To the Ed-.' itor.) Following are a few figures on pork which might be of interest to your readers at this time when there is so much discussion of the high cost of liv ing and the exorbitant prices being paid for meats. The following are the retail prices on pork purchased by me from the Union Meat Company' yesterday. One hop. weight 114 pounds, price 22Hc ?lT.ti.'t. divided as follows: 1M pounds shoulder (feet on) C4c. . $ 1 8 1 pound loins. :;nc fl. .".." V. pounds Ipks tfet on). -.c 7. IX 13 's pounds sido. 2Sc 41 pounds trimmings tsausage). JOc pound kidneys 31 ' pounds hf-ad. Sr " pounds sp:ire ribs. 1- !Oit pounds fat ti'l skin, l.'n- 1 pounds shrinkage 114 pounds, total f:.V7 Showing a net gain of 14 cents for the retailer. 10. H. DEER Y. The "II. C. of I.." To keep alive these strenuous days It surely is no joke. The poor man can't make both ends meet. And the rich will soon bo broke. Jut go into a grocery store To buy the things you nfd, You'll soon find out it's best for you. To think before you eat. For prices sour and rise each day, . And the end is not in sight. There's nothing which did not advance Unless it's air and lieht. And coal and wood and oil and such At prices now they sell Which make us wish when Winter comes That we all might live In Nogales, Mexico. O. Seaside, Or.. Aug. 2". Army Social Diatiiictioo. PORTLAND. Aug. '22. (To the ErlN tor.) Phasc advise whether by custom or by law a soldier or sailor, not an officer, can or cannot go into a grill or any other place of entertainment or a dancing party where he must asso-' ciato or talk to superior officers and b treated on :. par with such officers. Does custom regulate this or what? V. E. T. Officers and men of the service cus tomarily do net meet socially, although ' the lines of demarcation well under stood and accepted fully by the service -cannot readily be reduced to a bric-C. statement. Sumpter ltl erd of Aid. PUMPTER. Or.. Aug. 21. (To the '. Editor.) Tho firo relief committee of Sunipter is confronted with the impres-' sion a.t outside points that the needs of the people are well attended to, and that outside aid is not needed. This is. so far from the fact that the committee desires to protest most ur gently against such idea. Sumpter in- ' in great need, especially of money to overcome the difficulties before them.. Send nil money help to the Citizens'' National Bank. Baker, rir. J. W. LA BAU, Mayor City of Sumpter. Relief committee: L. C. Edwards, Rev. R. C. Lee. 1 1. E. llendryx. fontpnHNPN for Soldier. '-,' AMITY. Or.. Aug. 21. (To the Edl-.- tor.) Please tell nie where it will be possible to obtain a "cavalry school" compass? These, coinpusses aro made ' with luminous face and are very reli able, just the. thing for a parting gift' to a soldier friend. SUBSCRIBER. Compasses such aw are used in Army schools may be obtained from any house which furnishes officers' equip ment. Write to M. C. Lilley & Co., of" Columbus, O., stating requirements. 6r to any other military supplies con cern. Soldierw Must Be Vaccinated. RE EDS PORT, Or.. Aug. 21. (To th Editor.) Kindly state whether it is compulsory for a soldier to be vaccinat ed and take the serum injections for typhoid? If a man seriously objects to thes treatments is he obliged to take- them anyway? SUBSCRIBER. The vaccine Inoculations against typhoid are compulsory and no option is left to the soldier. The safety of his comrades, as well as his own, held to depend upon the treatment. i3 Olvll Serrlce Information. OREGON CITY. Or.. Aug. St. (To" the Editor.l Please state when civil service examinations for postal rlerks will be held. Where can one write to get information, as to what subjectj they will be examined in? A READER. Write to M. K. Wlgton. PostotflcV building, Portland. Qg,