THE 3IORNIXG OREGOXIA3T, MONDAY, JULY 30, 1917.
xmtmt
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FO BT LAND, MONDAY. JCLY 80, 1917.
WHEN THE STATE BECAME FREE.
Sixty years ago (July 28, 1857)
George H. Williams published to the
world the famous free state letter
which powerfully Influenced the senti
ment of the territory of Oregon
against slavery, and which at the same
time made impossible of realization
the ambition of Judge Williams to be
one of the first United States Senators
for the new state, a little later ad
mitted to the Union. Judge Williams
was a Democrat, and had come to
Oregon in 1853 with a Federal com
msslon In his pocket. He was opposed
to slavery, and as Chief Justice of the
territorial court had rendered an opin
ion which forever set free a negro
named Robbin and family who had
been brought from Missouri In 1845
by Nathaniel Ford. The organic act
of the territory had an anti-slavery
claimA. and the decision was obviously
sound, and made no apparent differ
ence In the standing of the young
Justice as an orthodox Democrat. It
was nevertheless true that there was a
strong pro-slavery sentiment In the
territory, and that the leaders of the
dominant Democratic party were for
the most part for It, openly or se
er etl v.
It Is difficult In these days of per
fect acceptance of the national settle
ment of slavery to understand the
vital tind overpowering nature of the
Issue In Oregon In the troublesome
years Just preceding the Civil war
The Democratic party completely con-
trolled the political organization of
the state, and the famous "Salem
cllaue" Just as completely had the
Democracy In Its grasp. It Is true
enough that there were many signs of
revolt within the organization, but
they were unsuccessful for long years.
The party was not Indeed harmonious
as to slavery, but the party leaders
with remarkable tact managed in the
early fifties to avoid any disruption by
leaving every Democrat to think as
he pleased on the dangerous subject.
The Whig party was dying, and there
was no effective opposition to the De
mocracy during almost the whole of
the decade between 1850 and 18 60.
In 1854 the Kansas-Nebraska bill
repealed the Missouri compromise and
threw the territories open to slavery,
under the guise of popular sovereign
ty. It was then that the practical and
easy neutrality of the territory on
Blavery came to a sudden end. The
slave power was in control of the Na
tion, and the territory had by Con
gressional action been opened to con
sideration of an Issue which it seem
ingly would have avoided. There was
in the beginning no apparent general
desire for slavery, but there was also
a very decided prejudice against the
negro, and his residence in Oregon was
prohibited by law. Thus all sides ap
peared to be satisfied. But It was only
an illusiion of peace through compro
- mlse.
There were men and women In Ore
gon opposed to slavery, and In 1856,
in Jackson County, the new Repub
lican party was born. Later the Yam
hill Republicans organized, and de
' clared flamboyantly for "free terri
tories and free states, free farms and
free labor, free society and free
schools, free thought and free discus
sion, free speech and free press, free
; religion and free votes for freemen,
- Fremont and freedom." It is perhaps
" fortunate for the prestige of the Tarn
hill Republicans that free silver was
then unknown.
The issue was now drawn, and the
Democratic party appeared to be
drifting definitely toward slavery.
There was to be a state convention to
frame a constitution, and, when the
delegates were elected, only one Re
publican was among them. A distin
guished Democrat, who had made his
campaign for election as an advocate
of slavery in Oregon, was made presl
dent of the convention.
But meanwhile Judge Williams, who
had noted the rising tide for slavery
among many Democrats, had prepared
and published his letter. It is Inter
esting to note now that. In Its argu.
ment, it made no. mention of the im
morality of slavery as an institution,
but discussed the question wholly in
Its economic phases. The reasons
clearly were that Williams, a Demo
crat, desired to avoid the charge that
he was an abolitionist, and therefore
an enemy of the Democratic party and
the public peace. A summary of the
Williams letter may be found Interest
lng. It said In substance:
tate, or make any contracts, or main
tain any suit therein." The clause
was adopted by a vote of eight to one.
To complete the record it may be
added that George H. Williams was a
member of the constitutional conven
tion, as a Democrat, but In 1860 he
left the Democracy, and aided In the
formation of the Union party. He
supported Abraham Lincoln for elec
tion, and in 1864 he was made United
States Senator by the Union party a
fusion of Republicans and "war" (or
anti-slavery) Democrats.
Nowadays there are no differences
between parties in Oregon as to hu
man slavery white or black. But
man is not yet free.
GEORGIA'S DILEMMA.
The state of Georgia Is In a di
lemma. A citizen, dying, bequeathed
$40,000 worth of wine to the State
University, not to be consumed by the
students, of course, but to be convert'
ed into cash for the promotion of
higher education, and Georgia as a
prohibition state cannot sell the wine
without violating its own laws. The
Legislature is wrestling with the prob
lem of what to do with it. A pending
bill proposes sale outside of the state
a measure that obviates placing
temptation within reach of the home
folks, but that savors too strongly oi
the spirit that passes unwelcome vis
itors along from one community to
another. Another bill provides that
the liauor be destroyed. The first-
named bill has been reported adverse.
ly, but it Is not easy to let several
thousand dollars go. particularly when
It would be devoted to the cause of
education.
There Is no doubt that the alcohol
contained In the Georgia wine casks
has a certain Industrial value. We are
at war, too, and alcohol Is lndlspensa-
ble to the manufacture of such neces
sities as smokeless powder. Treated
with sulphuric acid, it is transformed
into ether, a highly necessary agent
for use in hospitals. It would seem
to be a pity to let all this good ma
terlal go to waste. It must be admit
ted, too, that there are convincing ar
guments against sale by a prohibition
state of liquor for beverage purposes.
It would seem that Georgia ought
not to have much difficulty in find
ing a solution. The Federal Govern
ment already Is considering the pur
chase of whisky stocks for conversion
Into commercial alcohol, and Geor
gia's conscience would be quite clear
if it adopted a similar policy. There
are many uses to which the alcohol
could be nut besides drinking it. It
would be a pity for It to be wasted.
and the other a list of representatives
from whom further information may
be obtained. Although a railway pub
lication It Is as generous with informa
tion about automobile roads, wagon
roads and trails as about rail routes
to points of attraction. Therein one
is told where to find the best camping
spots, forage for the horses, whether
the fishing is good or not, where game
may be found, where mountain hotels
are located. Somebody who knows a
lot about Oregon has written It and it
would pay the average citizen to read
it If he gets no more than a dream
trip, as we have done, out of Its pages.
DISCOVERING THE LOGANBERRY.
The East is discussing the logan
berry. Its ideas about this useful and
delicious fruit are still nebulous, and
sometimes amusing, but it is some
thing that the berry is being talked
about. It shows that the East Is on
the verge of discovering a good thing
and Incidentally finding out that not
all the good things of the worm are
bounded on the West by the Missis
sippi River. Also, as a celebrated
maker of automobiles has said, being
talked about is good advertising.
It seems that Borne folk still think
the loganberry grows on a tree. A
good many have an impression that it
was named for one of the nine Logan
counties In the United States. Others
have offered to "bet money" that It
was named for General John A. Lo
gan. There is a story In circulation
that It Is a Mexican product, and that
the supply has been diminished by
turbulent conditions In the unhappy
country south of us. A few are ac
curately Informed as to Its origin, but
do not know that It reaches the height
of Its perfection In Oregon. But the
truth Is sinking In.
The Important fact is that there is
general desire to know more about it.
We think that Judge Logan, of Cali
fornia, would be willing even to forego
the fame that ought rightfully to be
his If he could see the loganberry In
universal use. Agricultural college
experiment stations in other states are
being besought to find out whether it
Is adapted to their localities. Efforts
are being made to develop new strains
adapted to more severe climates.
New Jersey wants the loganberry, and
Indiana, and Minnesota. They will all
want it when they know more about
It. Meanwhile It remains true that
here in the Pacific Northwest we have
Just the right combination of soil In
gredlents and sunshine chemistry and
moisture to produce the berry that
the world Is waiting for.
Representative Hawley performed a
service for mankind when he called
attention of the War Department to
the value of the loganberry in the
Army ration. Our boys are going to
have their Jam, Just as the English
soldiers do, and it is quite probable we
shall be called upon to supply our al
lies as well. It Is easy to see what the
result Is going to be. The loganberry
fraction of the impedimenta that the
tourist seems to regard as indispensa
ble. Besides, it is a good time to find
out how much pleasure can be ob
tained from a trip in which one Is not
unnecessarily hampered. A lot of
travelers are slaves to their trunks
and grips and sp"id time packing and
unpacking that could be much better
employed In visiting places of real In
terest and getting acquainted with
their country.
How to Keep Well.
By Dr. W. A. Evans.
UNITY OF LANGUAGES.
In at least four countries of the
world the truth is being brought home
that ties of language are likely to be
more binding than those of race. Aus
tria Is suffering from lack of unity
due to its failure to impress a common
speech upon its polyglot peoples. Ger
many succeeded ia creating family
disruptions" in Alsace-Lorraine by Its
educational methods In the common
schools. Canada is now having trouble
with its French provinces because
French, and not English, has been the
dominant tongue in many localities.
And the United States, by contrast
with Canada, is succeeding in merging
the French-Canadian immigrant into
the body politic to a large extent, be
cause the latter Is compelled to learn
English on his arrival In the United
States In order to do business. The
New England states, which have re
ceived most of the French-Canadian
influx, instruct all their children in
English. There are on the other hand
whole districts In the Province of Que
bec in which English Is seldom heard.
The Importance, to Americans, not
only of teaching English but of teach
ing in English Is thus emphasized.
This Is not to be confounded with the
duty of teaching foreign languages as
a subsidiary course, in order that we
may be able to do business on even
terms with the rest of the world. After
the war It will be found that nations
have been drawn closer together as
modern inventions have annihilated
distance. There will be competition
between nations, as well as trade
among them, and mastery of even the
languages of our present enemies Is
likely to stand us in good stead.
Meanwhile the language of America
must continue to be English, and noth
ing else. If we are to preserve our
unity. A common language Is a pow
erful harmonizer, and confusion of
tongues has meant confusion of
thoughts ever since the workmen
made a sorry failure of the tower of
Babel.
Questions pertinent to hygiene, sanitation
and prevention of diseases, if matters of
general interest, win be answered in this
column. Where space will not permit or the
subject is not suitable, letters will be per
sonally answered, subject to proper limita
tions and where stamped addressed envelope
is inclosed. Dr. Evans will not make diagno
sis or prescribe for Individual diseases. Re
quests for such services cannot be answered.
(Copyright. 1016, by Dr. W. A. Evans.
Published by arrangement with the Chicago
Tribune.)
r
A DREAM TRIP.
We have Just been lost In the reaches
of the National Forests of Oregon
Not In the flesh but in the spirit. The
frame of mind was Induced by perus.
ing a little book entitled "Camping,
Fishing and Hunting Guide. Western
Oregon." It Is quite an enterprise to lg Jugt be&inninff a march around the
proviae a campiiiB, ubuius gjODe
ing guide lor weaiciu vicsuu.
Krtrtir iAvnt thlrtv nacres to descrip-
tlve matter and nearly all of It con- AN UNLAWFUL CENSORSHIP.
cerns JNationai r orests west, oi mc una controversy uetwecu
Cascades. The National Forests in Department and the Associated Press
Oregon comprise more than 15,000,- in regard to news of the arrival in
000 acres and probably half of that Europe of more American troops is a
area is In Western Oregon. If The result of the muddle in conduct of the
Oregonian should reproduce the full war. " The question of what war news
One white man is worth more than two
negro slaves slave labor is "demonstrably
the dearest of any.
Second, negro slaves other than house
servants would be perfect leeches upon the
farmers during the long, rainy Winters.
Third, the risk and expense in transport'
lng slaves to distant Oregon, and the ease
of escape in the sparsely settled, wooded
and mountainous country would render In
vestment in salve property altogether too
hazardous.
Fourth, the escaped negroes would find
refuge and consort with Oregon's Indian
enemies and become an added menace to the
people.
Fifth. Blavery can no more stand as
paying institution with one-half of publi
sentiment arrayed against it than a house
can stand with one cornerstone.
Sixth, introduce slavery and free whit
labor will become degraded. If not impoa
sible to secure altogether. To mix Slav
labor and free labor aggravates the evil
of each' and subtracts from the benefits of
each.
Finally, can Oregon afford to throw away
friendship of the Iorth the overrulin
power of the Nation for the sake of
laveryy
The letter was most potent an
el a. very was soon forever dead In Ore
gon. The constitutional convention
submitted it as a separate question
and It was defeated three to one: but
the convention also prepared and sent
to the same public referendum a sec
tion declaring that "no free negro, or
mulatto, not residing in this state at
the time of the adoption of this con
stitution, shall come, reside, or be
within the state, or hold any real es-
text of this information and descrip- should and what should not be pub-
tion a full page and one-half would be llshed ought long ago to have been ae
reauired. cided by friendly arrangement with
Here is.a playground of seven mill- the newspapers and with the censors
ion acres. Western Oregon forests of the allies. The publishers showed
abound in lake, fishing streams, snow- their patriotic readiness to co-operate
clad mountains, and all are open to with the Government by imposing a
the public. One may go and stay as voluntary censorship on themselves,
long as he likes. The only require- but that was not enough. The War
ment is that he obey the fish and Department wishes to decide alone,
game laws of the state and certain without consultation with or consent
fundamental rules concerning camp of the publishers. It has no lawful
fires and sanitation. It Is not an apa- authority to do so, and the publishers
thetic invitation, this to the Oregon rightly ignore the unlawful authority
wilds. The Forestry Service offers the which It assumes.
use of its trail maps. Its many miles The difficulty springs from desire of
cf Mpnhnnn in case of emergency. It the Government to use military expe-
has cleared camp sites in many of the diency as a pretext for suppression of
more accessible places and has built news which may form tne Dasis ior
stone fireplaces. It has erected sign- legitimate criticism or its omciais, as
boards and it stocks the streams with well as that news wnicn may oe oi
fish when necessary. value to tne enemy. j.o mis enu me
t to ciivh a matter of common I Government sought authority rrom
knowledge with us as to seem a com- Congress to establish a censorsnip
monplace privilege that one can go which, while purporting to ieuve u
from Portland in two hours of moder- right of criticism unimpaired, would
ate driving over a road paved every have suppressed the very facts which
foot of the way and find himself within must necessarily form the basis of
the confines of a great national forest, criticism, congress rerusea to estao-
One favored spot therein was visited llsh a censorship, yet Secretary Baker
by 15,000 persons last year. There, attempts to establish it in defiance of
camp sites, equipped with tables, per- Congress. Obviously he does so
manent stoves, piped spring water and without having agreed with the allies
other conveniences are available for as to what news shall be withheld, for
the asking. bis unlawful censor suppresses or ae-
But let us ignore these more or less lays news wnicn tneir lawiui ccuuia
metropolitan attractions- of the forest have passed.
wilds and plan a trip into the all-out- The muddle is so bad that Secretary
doors. We propose the one we have Baker's censor expresses surprise that
Just been over In spirit. It is sug- the dispatch In question was passed
gested not because Its appeal is su- Dy me censor auroau. mi no
perior to those of any other and the posed that an understanding had been
others are Innumerable but because reached with the allied governments."
the starting point and the terminus One department goes to work in ig-
are within easy reach of Portland. norance or wnat anotner oepanmeni
We shall go to Estacada by auto- has done. This oraciai inaavertenuy
mobile or interurban railway. By auto reveals an example of inefficiency
we shall reach the town In less than which properly provokes adverse com-
twn hours and find a eood road all the ment, but which would nave Deen con-
wav. At Estacada we shall obtain cealed if the Government had had its
hnr.ws. rjaek our outfit and start Into I way.
the endless forest at Dodge, nine miles On the face of the case there Is no
north. The trail Is good. It passes valid reason to conceal tne arrival oi
nlnntr the. west boundarv of the Ore- another American contingent in lu
rnn National Forest, strikes south- rope. It involves no risk to other con-
ward along the high divide to Elk tingents which may closely follow, for
Lake. At Elk Lake we shall turn off It is to be presumed that the Govern-
on the Old Indian Trail, go over the ment will send over a continual
Krnrnion Mountains and thence to the stream of troops and supplies. In
summit of the Cascades, and finally view of the military situation, the
return to Estacada by way of Clacka-1 people rightly expect that It will do
mas Lake and Squaw Mountain. so. and announcement tnat tney are
Rpfora our return we shall have sent will avert complaint mat tney are
climbed Olallle Butte, whence may I not sent. The Germans certainly as-
be seen thirty lakes nestling lnl sume that transports are constantly
v. xnmtntoina Tt w Tiava tnH ti m n I crosslm? the ocean, and have sub-
we shall have camped at each of them, marines on the lookout for them.
fnr Thn main trail svstem which we Then of what value to tne enemy can
have followed leads to all. Each pro- be the news that snips have arrived
iririM its heautv snots. We shall have at an unnamed port on a certain
fished and fished and caught fish. too. day? It Is no guide as to when they
it trio srasnn him been far enoue-h ad- will sail on tne return voyage, or in
vanced we shall have dined on moun- what latitude and longitude they will
tain huckleberries and venison. Per- be found at a certain hour, or as to
iiarm w shall have Dotted a bear or a when other snips will sail.
wild rat or two. We shall have slept If the Administration will approach
In the fir woods, and drunk of water this subject In the right spirit, a satls-
that flows from eternal snows. For factory working arrangement can be
several weeks we shall have forgotten made In a few days. Let it abandon
the world and its strife and shall have all attempt to suppress news which
imbibed the bounding health that only may expose us memDers to censure
nature nl rlosn ouarters can erive. Let It tnen taKO counsel wnn a com
But at that we shall have seen only mittee of the several press associations
part of the wonders of just one of the and agree on what class of war news
National Forests of Oregon. In the should be suppressed in the National
wo hnvA visitod are 750 miles of Interest. A censorship bureau could
trails. The other forests have their then be created, with an experienced
trails and lakes and streams and fish newspaper man. not a magazine
and game. They are capable of pro- writer, at Its head, and with a mixed
vidintr recreation for the Nation. body of newspaper men and Army and
Let us not abandon the subject Navy officers on its staff,
without further mention of the little ',
book that induced us to become better One way of conserving transports
aeauainted with the wonders of Ore- tion in wartime would be for travelers
con. It Is issued by the Southern Pa- to cut down the amount of baggage
cific Company. Tet it does not con- they carry with them on railroad
tain e. single timetable. Only two trains. They can comfort themselves
pages of the fifty-four are devoted to with the thought that millions of sol
the railroad. One Is a railway map 1 diers are getting aiong witn oniy
Work for the Boy Scouts and the
Campflre Girls in saving of the food
crops that otherwise would go to waste
because of their Isolated or occasional
character Is suggested by Dr. Luther
H. Gulick. He points out that there
are tons of fruit and nuts that will
not be gathered otherwise because
they are inferior in grade or not large
enough for commercial purposes.
There will be orchards owned by non
residents in one place and single trees
in others. Some sections near the
homes of the children will be covered
with wild fruits and nuts. Gathering
them is no work for steady workers
because they are not steady jobs, but
in the aggregate the food saving would
be very large. All these undertakings
require organization, but could easily
be made as much fun. as a picnic
Preservation of any surplus by co-op.
j eration with local canning clubs and
with the folks at home is also sug
gested.
It is almost forgotten that it was a
Brazilian, Santos-Dumont, who was
first to circle the Eiffel tower in a
dirigible, and this fact Is now brought
to mind by the decision of Brazil to
enter the list of countries In which
aviation Is put to the fore as an es
sentlal part of national defense. That
country is now organizing aviation
corps and establishing schools for the
training of flyers, but will be delayed
by lack of factories for the making of
machines. Reliance on the United
States for aircraft In large numbers
has been made uncertain by our own
gigantic programme, in the execution
of which we expect to spend at least
$640,000,000. Chile, Peru, Argentina
and several other South American
countries would like to place orders
also, but It Is unlikely that they can
be filled.
MORE EXTRACTS FROM REPORT
ON SANITATION OF -EUROPEAN
ARMIES.
T SEEMS that rats are responsible
for the spread of trench fever as
well as plague. The safest poison is
phosphorus in 4 per cent tablets. The
French phosphoric paste Is made by
mixing 750 parts of flour with 750 parts
of water and adding eight parts of
white phosphorus. To this is added 200
parts of cheese paste and 100 parts of
powdered sugar.
The use of whitewash Is very exten
sive In the French army. All tem
porary outposts are promptly white
washed. The screened partitions for
hospital wards are made from cloth,
preferably linen, attached to a wooden
frame. The cloth Is whitewashed. This
gives a sanitary, translucent, but not
transparent partition. The whitewash
is improved by adding one to two parts
of alum per 1000.
Typhoid fever has been practically
eliminated by vaccination. The dysen
teries of this war have been excep
tionally few and mild. The cause of
such diseases as there has been the
French attribute to the long station
ing of large numbers of troops in the
same place, with consequent severe In
fection of the ground and water; the
diet having too much meat; the Inges
tion of too many green vegetables by
men who are careless of their alimen
tary hygiene; the cooling of the stom
ach consequent upon careless removal
of the flannel belt or from lying on
damp ground, and sometimes, also, the
condition of the trenches.
The methods of prevention employed
are: Care in the diet, especially in eat
ing no raw food, and care in the drink
ing water; disinfection.
Cooking in the front trenches is a
problem. The French make consider
able use of solidified alcohol. This Is
a mixture of 100 parts denatured alco
hol and 30 parts of a special soap.
They also cook a good deal with char
coal. The English use a traveling
kitchen which is a modified fireleBs
cooker on wheels. They light a fire
which Is allowed to burn for one hour.
The fire Is then drawn and the food
containers are Insulated.
Bouillon is made by adding one pound
of meat and one-third ounce of Bait to
one quart of water, bringing to a boll
and then allowing the mixture to sim
mer for four hours.
The British give Jam containing 60
per cent sugar whenever it is neces
snrv in incrpnan the ancar rntion.
n .
The men are issued the tinned ration
meat and vegetables stewed together
at least once a week. They like the
variety and appetizing flavor of It.
For clothing the men wear woolen
underwear both Winter and Summer.
The shirt is long enough to double
back over the abdomen like a binder
In warm weather. The underwear must
be washed at least once a week.
The best handwear for extreme cold
of Winter is thick woolen mitts, with
separate stalls for thumb and fore
finger. No gloves, not even fur-llned
ones, are warm enough.
To prevent frost bite very loose shoes
are worn. These must be kept greased.
The boots should be lined with felt or
paper. Two pairs of socks, one or both
made of wool, should be worn.
The soldier must wash his hands and
feet, clean his nails, and comb his
hair at least once a day. There should
RELUCTANCE IS NOT SECTIONAI.
Writer Points Oat That Fault Found
With South. Exists Elsewhere.
PORTLAND, July 28. (To the Edi
tor.) "Subscriber," your Mosier cor
respondent, is a humorist, albeit an
unconscious one. He applies the basti
nado to Southern cotton growers and
the South and Southern in general.
Among other tings he tells us that
the Southern cotton grower, although
receiving the highest price for his cot
ton that has been paid in 60 years. Is
unwilling to have the Federal Gov
ernment put a tax on his cotton. Has
Subscriber observed any general move
ment on the part of the wheat growers
of the Middle West to Induce Congress
to tax them 25 or 60 cents per bushel
on their product? Why single out the
Southern cotton planter for castiga
tion? If It is a sin for the cotton
grower to object to a production tax,
then the sheepmen, the cattlemen, the
grain growers, the potato farmers of
Colorado, in fact the producers of all
the staple necessities of life are all
sinners, for none of them want what
they produce taxed by the Government.
Subscriber says: "The people of the
South were never before so prosperous
and never before have they shown so
great a reluctance to bear their share
of Federal burdens in an emrgency.
The whole country was never so pros
perous before. There never was a
time when there was so much money
in the country as today, but if object
ing to a Federal tax on farm produc
tion Is manifesting a reluctance to
In Other Days.
Half a Century A so.
Prom The Oregonian of July 30. 1867.
Olympia. General James Tllton. an
old resident of this place, now chief
engineer for the Northern Pacific Rail
road, arrived from the East this morn
ing. He is being honored with a salute
by the citizens. Two parties will at
once be organized to explore the dif
ferent passes and survey a practical
route for a railroad across the .Cascade
Mountains.
Chicago. The National Baseball Club
sustained Its first defeat slncjo its
departure from Washington today, at
the hands of the Forrest City Club, of
Kockford, 111. The score was 29
against 23.
At the close of Senator Williams
speech at Eugene City, three cheers
were given for General Grant, the peo
ple's choice for the next President, and
a like number for Senator Williams for
Vice-President.
Mr. Sinnott. of the New Columbia
Hotel, to keep up with the times, has
purchased an omnibus to carry passen
gers to and from the house. He had it
out yesterday for the first time and
took a gay party of pleasure seekera
to the White House and back.
New Tork Among: the Persia's pas-
help the Federal Government carry Its sen ger s was Captain Petschowsof f. of
burdens, then the whole country Is
"tarred with the same stick."
The writer is a fair newspaper read
er and makes some pretense of keep
ing posted on the general news of the
country, but nowhere has he seen that
Senator Brandegeo, of Connecticut, or
any other In a responsible position has
made the charge that the draft quotas
the Russian Imperial Navy, the special
envoy appointed to hand over the new
territory of Alaska to the United
States.
Warning Is given that the potato
crop of the country may not do as
large as expected for various reasons,
Almost everybody locally can see
promise of good returns, but the har.
est is not on and any conditions may
develop.
Americans know "what to expect
when Germans locate them. A plane
descended low enough to see the red
cross on a Paris hospital and bombed
it, killing a few people.
There will be plenty of trouble In
the switchmen's strike at Chicago.
Strikebreakers are union men of a
kind that hold themselves as good as
the strikers.
Twenty-Flvei Tears Acs.
From The Oregonian of July 80, 189X
New Tork. Jim Corbett kept up his
have been cooked up by the Admin- regular course of training today for tha
lstration In favor of the South. I right with John i sum van, despite tne
Subscriber says that "the Adminis- fact that large numbers or people came
tratlon has received little whole-heart- 1 to see him.
ed support from the South." This is
absurd, as any man who follows the
dally doings In Congress knows.
Subscriber has eyes only for vara
man. Kitchen. Hoke Smith. Reed ana
Gore, all of whom were much opposed
to many features of the food control
bill and hampered the Administration
in its efforts to pass this bill through
Congress. He can't see Penrose of
Pennsylvania, who forced the Senate to
eliminate steel and steel products from
the control bill: he can t see the two
Senators from Indiana and Senator
Sherman, of Illinois, and a number of
the Middle West pacifist Senators, ail
of whom were leaders In the long fight
which resulted in emasculating the
food control bill,
The writer has no apology to offer
for Reed. Hoke Smith.. Vardaman ana
other Democrats who have failed loy
ally to support the President during
the last three months; nor Is there any
reason to forget the conduct during
the same period of such men as Pen
rose, Sherman, Weeks. Kenyon, Watson
end a dozen others from the Middle
West, who bitterly fought every effort mlt of tho mountain.
mat tne fresiaent nas put lorin to
prepare the country for the great
struggle that is ahead of us.
R. W. H,
Victoria. The sealing schooner Beat
rice arrived this morning with 679
skins. She was warned by the Xork
town not to enter Bering Sea.
New Tork. A special cablegram says
Herbert Bismarck. In an Interview au
thorized by hi father, states if the
Kaiser had not been surrounded by per
sons whose business in life Is to keep
the Kaiser and the Prince apart, there
would have been a reconciliation long
ago.
Dublin. A meeting of the Irish Fed
eration was held here today. Michael
Davitt said that If the members of the
party would remain glued to their seats
in Parliament every moment that the
interests of home rule required, they
would be met with victory written on
their banner.
Catania. The eruption of Mount Etna
is again very violent. Immense masses
of rock are projected to a great height
and dense clouds overhang the Bum-
ROSES AMAZE NEW YORK VISITORS
Finds
Compliment raid to Portland
Echo In Montana.
GREAT FALLS. Mont.. July 26. (To
the Editor. In reading tho August
"Designer," I came across this article
daily. Mouth and teeth are washed
daily. If a tooth brush is not available
the teeth can be washed with soap,
followed by rlnBing of the mouth.
The former Czar has broken a leg
bicycling. Time hangs heavily on him
since he quit Czarring. In the course
of his diversions he may yet break his
neck.
Luther Burbank's spineless cactus is
Improved on by a Linn County farmer
who cuts his Canada thistle Into silage
and finds his cattle like it.
The new name for American troops.
said to have been chosen by them
selves. "Amexes," has a little too much
'Mex" In It.
Worms.
M. McC. writes: I have a little boy
4 years old troubled with worms. What
is the best remedy for worms? 2. This
boy has always been In the best of
health until this Winter he took a
severe cold every month; would become
very sick and remain weak for a few
days. 3. He eats awfully slow. He
never seems hungry between meals like
the rest of the family."
REPLY.
1. The ordinary worm medicines of the
drug stores are good enough. It ia well
to give a purgative one night, the medicine
the next night, and to follow with a purga
tive the second morning. Xo purgative is
better than salts for this purpose.
2. Keep him out of doors. If he sleeps
Indoors see that his bedroom is well venti
lated. Follow this plan next winter also.
8. Encourage him to eat slowly.
Keep In the Sunlight.
Old Vet writes: "Am 80 years old
and have the whooping cough. Is there
anything I can do or take for it that
will help me?"
REPLY.
Vaccine given at the start is of soma serv
ice. It will help you now. Do not take
anything. Keep in the; sunlight as much as
possible.
" Pure ' Well Water.
MIXING POLITICS AND RELIGION
German Propaganda Invades Publica
tion With Peaceful Title.
By Herman Hagedorn. of the Vigilantes, and as I had the pleasure of living
The Messencer of Peace ( Der in Portland two short years ana nave
Friedensbote") is the dovelike title of seen and enjoyed Portland's beautiful
a religious weekly published in St. roses I thought this a splendid piece
Louis by the German Evangelical and one that perhaps Portlanders
Synod of North America. It prints on I would enlov rending.
its front page two biblical texts, a MRS. EDWARD J. A.
pious poem and two sermons, and con
tains in each Issue, besides these, a The metropolis hss new rose-gardens, with
number of religious articles, reports on "O.ooo varieties, a fact which puts it among
,i .i 1 r.,..i icino the areat rose cities of the world. Another
.v.- v. !.. f. lae line Bill -New i.ws.oi.u ..j .
mo c.iu ui .i. , Ortmn. A friend writes:
furthermore, a department entitled "imnKlnt my urirlf on allBMIns In Port-
Aus V elt ana z.eit. in mis ueuari- i ind from a dusty I'uliman. at oeing grencu
rosea and toch roses:
nssoms. that would nave
graced a florist shop on Fifth avenue. There
was a brlght-facfd Klrl Denina tne prnnerru
flowers. 'I'm afraid you must mistake me
for someone else.' I remonstrated weakly,
even as 1 reached to take the beautiful
things. , .
" -Oh. no," she smiled back at me. 'This Is
our Rose Festival week and we like to show
our visitors what Portland roses are!"
"Everywhere about the city 1 found roses:
covering the automobiles of a big parade I
met. climbing the wails and houses, grow
ing in yards ann oven in pRrwwai a aiuu
the streets, and blossoming as I never sup
posed roses would blossom out-ot-aoors
truly I have sever seen imer lusea hj
where. "Rose culture is a fine art with the en
thusiasts of Portland.- and they have dem
onstrated what a community can do with
Intelligent co-operation. They have earned
the title of 'The Rose City.' which seems
to have come to stay."
be a daily bath. Lacking this all parts ment ,3 given ln brief words the week's bv a dewy bunch of
subject to chafing must be washed new9 from tne taur cornera c( the Great, perfect bio.so
It is here that the Cloven Hoof
earth.
aDDears.
Here is a sample of the tone of the
editorial notes printed in this section
of a reliKious weekly:
"Our yellow press has recently been
sDeakins with particular glee or lor
eign language papers. wen. isn t
English a foreign language? We hope
that no one would assert that It had
grown up on American soil. It comes
from another, rrom a roreign iana. aiib
fact that English is the language of
the courts makes no difference. After
all. English is only a German dialect
anyway. Where did the Angles and
the Saxons come from?"
On the same page with this gem of
erudition is an article quoted from
Friedrich Naumann's "The German
Soul ln the World War," explaining
and upholding German militarism.
The following page Is devoted to ad
vertisements of four books, glorify
ing the heroic exploits of the "Em
den." the "Ayesha," the "Deutschland"
and of "Zeppelins over England." It
Is noteworthy that, whereas tnese aa
vertisements have nothing to do with
religion, they do make excellent propa
ganda for Germany.
The "Friedensbote Is not the first
religious paper which tho German Gov
ernment has used for its own secular
ends. In Strand House. London, there
Is a room devoted entirely to doors,
magazines and pamphlets prepared by
Germany to be scattered over crea
tion. Everv lansru:v4.e ana many aid-
led are represented, and practically
ff Tl wf1ta "Th lottpr In vnnr
paper about typhoid and vacationists every religion of the world Is therg
made me decide to write you. We ln- used as a medium of pro-German argu
tend to take two babies aged IB months ments.
and 8 years, respectively, into the coun- The German armies are no greater
try. How can we tell If the well water menace to the freedom of the world
Is pure and how can we be sure it Is? than this Insidious invasion of newspa-
pers and magazines by German propa-
.... KErLT' - . rnr,rta It should be thwarted wher-
ir a well la less tnan low reel deep tne ; , ... l .. pnir like
probability la that the water is not good, ever it raises Its head. Papers IiKe
though it may not be infected all the time. "Der Friedensbote should be tola
A well within 100 feet of a privy or stable ,..r-lT to keep out of politics or sus
wlll probably furnish unsafe water. Arte- i .,k7,.,.
slan wells, flowing wells ana other aeep v"v
lou can maae un
How Shall Ton Say I
"Liberty bread" has an elegance of
its own and is more palatable than
war bread," which may be made of
anything.
What do you think of Belgian cav
alry that captured a U-boat? It was
stranded, of course, but the glory Is
Belgian.
Tho small town that installs hitch
ing racks and shelter for its country
patrons offsets one of the mail-order
evils.
If all British soldiers awaited a per
sonal call like Charley Chaplin, Eng
land would have been "strafed" long
ago.
wella are generally safe.
i. f. water safe by heating it for 20 min
utes to 100 degrees. this win not eucr ,,, . , ., ti,m.t
the taste. You can make unsafe milk, safe Will you flinch from Just blameT
bv heatina It likewise. I will vnii sav It ln snamey
(For say It you II nave to. Borne aay:
Trouble With Doc. will vou credit your soul
ooTTT.im lulu S9 T th PMt- Wxll done work, part ana whole.
tor.) I have 'a thoroughbred Airedale When the war clouds have rolled r.ulte
dud eight months old, ana nis nair is i away
nminr out fast and turning white at
h mnts. Could you advise through For vou. and a million others,
vnn, niliimn a remedv to cure this. I Shall stand on a common plane;
otherwise his neattn is periecir i m a common cauao buah w
LNyuiKEB. I Through a common amy ana pain.
Tour dog suffers from Intestinal you 8nall see the full worth of your
wnrms. nave aruKKist put up six aeeas
--,.. r mats farn in nnj I Tn the hours by perils fraught
ounce of castor oil. Give this af one You shall see how you answered the
. v - . 1 I1CCUD
dose. DO not wasn your aog, as rmtns of yQur country and what u brought.
will injure mo tuai i' v j
slno on the saddle with moist cloth I And you'll have to admit,
once a week to rid of fleas, teed the Thousrh you ralter a bit
Identity of Flower Thousrht Violet.
MEXLO, Wash.. July 27. (To the
Editor.) This Spring I dug up some
plants of the purple wild violet, with
Intention of seeing what cultivation
would do to them. They bloomed nice
ly, and the plants now are very much
larger and have a purple flower, the
color of the violet, on m stem, the flower
the shape of a cone like the ones that
fall from our Bpruce trees.
Is It possible, or not, that the same
plant bears two different kinds of
flowers? Am quite sure I did not get
other roots. DAILT READER.
The flowers referred to are clelstog
amous flowers. These flowers do not
open, but produce a large number of
seeds. They come after the usual pur
ple flowers. Clelstogamous flowers
are found characteristically among vio
lets and among several other kinds of
plants as well. Webster defines
"cleistogamy" as the productlo n of. or
state of having, small. Inconspicuous
flowers which never open and are self
polllnatlng. Meaning; of Phrase.
PORTLAND, July 29. (To the Ed
itor.) Please print the meaning of
these Latin words: "Fluctuat neo
mergltur." J. P- HICKOK.
A literal translation would be: "It
floats (on the waves) but does not
sink," or "It fluctuates but Is not sub
merged." In the vernacular It might be
very freely rendered as "Slightly dis
figured, but still ln the ring."
The Automobile Girl.
By Jaatel Ilarton Adams.
puppy on good lean meat once, or bet
ter. twice, a week. Also let him have
bran with a pinch of sulphur.
Disposal. of Old Papers.
GALES CREEK. Or., July 28. (To
the Editor.) Please inform me where
one can sell old papers, what kind, and
price usually paid
O'er the sentence, and wish to forsake
It;
Or If ln your eyes
High the prlde-slgnal flies:
My country this Is 1 ncipea maKe it;
BETTINA ST. CLAIR HARVEY,
Official temperature at Lincoln last real help to the old United States If
week was 110, somewhat higher than
Mr. Bryan's maximum.
The small (not little) potato, if
from a hill of plenty, will be the best
for seed next year.
Emma Goldman is out on $25,000
bail, and she knows when to keep her
mouth shut.
- Portland Is a good place in which to
spend vacation. Temperatures are
Just right.
Writer Corrects Error.
DODTt A vn liilv (To th FTcli-
WTT"..U,,bL05 n. tor.) Kindly 'permit me to correct a
statement in The Oregonian Saturday
people save the papers and rags usually rAing recent gifts to the Good
destroyed? CASCADfc. EMMA L.m.ri..n HosDital. The matter was
Write to California Paper & Board erroneously reported to you by the
1 i . r (h . atl.p whr, ronfiiseo two
Mills, ! Jortn inirieeiLin street., ron- i ... . 1 ,y,nt rriven to endow
land. Conversion of any waste Into use bed ,n tne hospital in memory of the
is an aid to the United States. I late Mrs. Maria Louise Flanders by her
three daughters. The sum of $5000 was
n,erltT for Slogans. 1 e-iven bv them for this purpose.
DODTT.i un rr Tuiv o iTn thl The Van Rensaler runa, wnicn also
Editor.) Most of the war slogans sub- provldea an enaowment oi )-
mitted lately are too long. Too much the hosital, had no connection whatever
"poetry". Here Is a short one that witn mis intmui wi
contains "more truth than poetry." rnann you luruucL..!,. y.
Hell? Made ln Germany." ror wmca me wruet
C. MILTON MOORE.
I. N. ERROR.
She scoots o'er the highways at law
limit scoot, treats danger with maid
enly scorn; pedestrians quicken their
teps at the toot of her warning "git-
out-the-way" horn. She s trim as a
two-year-old running on grass, a pic
ture from summit to heel, that fearless,
intrepid. American lass who drives her
own automobile. She handles the wheel
with commendable skill, sits up ln her
seat as a queen, she skims o'er the
levels and scales every hill with ease
ln her gassy machine. Her eyes are
a-sparkle with keenest delight, her
song is of silvery peal, as onward she
speeds as an eagle ln flight ln her up-to-date
automobile. The fellow she
honors with a place at her Bide on out
o' town evening spin swells up like a
toad on a log in his pride, on his fea
tures a satisfied grin. He knows he Is
stared at by all of his crowd and pic
tures the envy they feel to see him en
throned by that maiden so proud on
the deck of her automobile. The bi
cycle jrirl with the skirts split ln twain
is now but a dream of the past, the
maid who o'er proud tailless horses
drew rein now as a back number is
classed. They once were 'way up in
the out o' doors- whirl, by lovers of
sports were adored, but they were
tossed In the discord by the girl in tho
automobile or the F.ord.