6
TTIE MORNING OREGONIAN, MONDAY, JULY 1G, 1917.
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1'OHTI. A M, MONDAY, JCLY 16, 1917.
THE CRISIS IN GERMANY.
Removal of Dr. von Bethmann-Holl-
weg as Chancellor of Germany and th.s
euccefsion of Dr. Michaelis to that of
fice promise to have great influence
on the outcome of the war, but they
encourage no hope cf change in the
character of the German government
nor In the purposes which inspire it.
On the contrary, they betoken a
triumph for the ultra-militarists and
for the element which has made Prus
sia supreme in the empire. Coming
on the heels of the Kaiser's declara
tion for immediate franchise reform
In Prussia, they seem to la a defeat
for his efforts to conciliate the liberal
elements enrolled in the Socialist and
Rad'cal parties. This is the inference
to be drawn from-the fact that the
change quickly followed the calling of
the Crown Prince, Von Hindenburg
and Ludendorff into conference, for
thrs-e are the most extreme champions
of Pan-Germanism. No moderation of
Germany's demands, no real progress
toward genuine democracy can be ex
pected from such sources.
Two distinct internal conflicts are In
progress. The Socialists have taken
up the call for peace with no annexa
tions and no indemnities, while calling
more 'loudly than ever for franchise
reform as the first number in their
programme. They have recently beer)
joined in their peace pclicy by the
Catholic party, the main strength of
which is In Bavaria, second amon;
the states in area and population.
The second conflict springs from op
position in the other lirger states to
Prussian domination in the empire
This sentiment is strongest in Bavaria,
but also prevails in Saxony, where
hatred of Prussia prevails. It has
drawn Bavaria into sympathy with
Austria, which chafes at German dic
tation and which shares the German
Catholic party's earnest desire -for
peace without annexation or indem
nity.
Against these movements for exter
nal peace and internal change the
Prussian oligarchy is making a de
termined, perhaps its last, stand. It
may still cherish hope of final victory.
or at least of holding part of the spoils
of war, and thus of preserv ing its pres
tige with the German people. 51 are
probably it sees thai the allies are de
termined to compass its destruction
and the reorganization of Europe in
accordance with the principle of na
tionality, and that it is in a fight to
the dea'h to retain forn.er conquests,
to preserve the autocracy against dem
ocratic assaults from within and with
out and to preserve Prussian suprem
acy in the empire.
The Kaiter's insistence on immedi
ate franchise reform shows him to be
out of harmony with the junkers, who,
like the Bourbons and their aristocrat
lc adherents in France, would rather
risk destruction than yield any of their
privileges. He appears to realize that,
in order to unite Germany for cont.nu
ance of the :var and to- preserve his
dynasty, he must rally all the people
to his support and broaden the found
ation on which his throne rests. Holl
weg held the same views, hence hit
defeat Is the Kaiser's also. Realiza
tion of that fact may explain reports
that the Kaiser has abdicated.
The crisis in Germany is the result
of events during the last year culmi
nating In the Russian success in Gali
cla. That year has been filled with
defeats for German arms and German
diplomacy, to which the crushing o
Roumania through treason among her
own generals is the sole exception. In
the west the Somme and "Verdun have
been followed by retreat and by de
feat at Vimy and Messines ridges and
on the Aisne. The Russian revolution
Instead af leading to a separate peace,
for which Germany intrigued most
desperately, has led to a vigorous and
successful offensive as soon as the
Russian people became sober after th
deep drafts of democracy which had
intoxicated them. Bagdad is lost and
with it has gone the prestige of Ger
mar.y as protector of Mohammedan
ism. The deposition of King Constan
tine has added Greece to the ranks of
the allies with 200,000 men and has
released General Sarrail's army for an
effort, with Russo-Roumanian co-op
eration, to close Germany's corrido
to Constantinople.
Austria proved barely a match for
Italy alone, for transfer of several
army corps from Galicia was necessary
to stop the drive on Trieste, and was
soon followed by the smashing of the
weakened eastern line. Unrestricted
submarine war yields a weekly dimin
ishing toll of ships, but has arrayed
the United States and several other
American republics against Germany
with unlimited ships, with unlimited
money and munitions and with an
untouched reservoir of good fighting
men. As the British army came for
ward to relieve France, so the Amerl
can army Is coming forward to relieve
both Britain and France. Bleeding
" from many wounds, Germany is
threatened with famine by bad crops
and by stoppage of all supplies from
America which have leaked across
neutral borders.
In this situation Junkerdom, Pan
Germanism and militarism have ral
lied for a last stand, and may extort
the absolutely necessary vote of credit
from the Reichstag. They may make
- some concessions to the Socialists, but
these would prove as illusionary as
have those which were made by form
er Prussian kings on their "kingly
- word." They may moderate their
- terms of peace, but they would do so
only with the purpose of dividing the
allies and of gaining a breathing-spell
ueiura mailing a. new usslluii oil ms
world's peace. Their present position
somewhat resembles that of the Rus
sian autocracy when it supplanted the
liberal premier, Trepoff, with the re
actionary Prince Golitzin. The next
act In the drama may be revolution, as
it was In Russia, but that can succeed
only with the aid of the army. In
which the bonds of discipline are far
tronger than they were in Russia.
But, again as in Russia, the breaking
of those bonds may be hastened by
linger, which arouses the primal pas
sions of man and breaks even the most
powerful of moral restraints.
The allies need to be on their guard
against new maneuvers of Germany to
nduce them to relent from their de
termination to fight on until Prussian
militarism is destroyed or made pow
erless for further harm. A peace
hich failed to convince the German
people that their rulers have deluded
them and have been utterly beaten
would be but a truce, for it would not
extirpate the evil from which attacks
on the world's peace spring.
ARMY PROMPTLY SUPPLIED.
When the United States intervened
n the war, the equipment of a sudden
ly enlarged army and navy with
everything they need was added to
the woik of supplying the allies whieii
was already being performed by our
ndustries. Although not much has been
heard of the subject, in three months
since April 1 about 300,000 men have
been supplied with every necessity
that is, more than were outfitted in
the Spanish War these including
00,000 to 225,000 regulars, 30,000
guardsmen and 40,000 to 50,000 engi
neers, hospital and medical units, and
the troops sent to France have been
upplied for six months. Tents enough
have been provided to put the National
Army of 500,000 men under canvas by
September 1, should this prove neces
sary, and clothing enough has been
bought for all branches of the Army.
Capacity has been developed and con
tracts have been let to supply small
arms and ammunition to 1.000,000
men, artillery ammunition and motor
transport. Including ambulances and
armored cars, raw material has been
secured and sources of supply devel-
ped for gun carriages, limbers, cais
sons and forge wagons, and arrange
ments have been made to increase out
put of machine guns at a reduced
price.
When so good a beginning has been
made in three months, we may rea
sonably expect that the increase in
supply of all war materials will keep
pace with the expansion of our forces
and that within a year we shall give
Germany a practical demonstration of
an efficient democracy on the fields of
France.
THE COST OF THE DOG.
The dog is coming in for close scrut
iny from the economic viewpoint. It
seems inhospitable, to say the least, to
count the value of devotion in dollars
and cents, and "man's best friend"
has always heretofore been regarded
on a sentimental basis, but war is war
and there is a growing inclination to
n vestl gate.
It Is estimated by the Manufactur
ers' Record that there are 25,000,000
dogs in the United States. As a source
of revenue, they would produce $50,-
000,000 if taxed at the rate of $2 a
head, provided the owners of a lot of
worthless curs did not kill them rather
than pay the tax. The same writer
estimates that the average dog con
sumes food worth 70 cents every week.
Authority for this figure is not given,
but the argument that much of the
food a dog eats would not be con
sumed by humans in any event can be
anticipated with the statement that if
it were fed to other animals, such as
pigs and poultry, it would be converted
nto food supply for the people. Sev
enty cents a week for each of 25,000,-
000 dogs means $910,000,000 a year.
which would feed a good many chil
dren in Belgium and Poland and Ar
menia. Perhaps the figure is too
high; in any event the amount is very
large.
Against this debit side, the dog un
doubtedly has a considerable amount
of practical service to his credit.
Properly educated, he can do as much
work as a man in tending cattle and
sheep, for example; but there is still
another offset in the sheep-killing dog.
Nobody knows whether the bad dog
destroys as much as the good dog
saves. The Census Bureau has never
gone into the subject.
The obvious advantage of a univer
sal dog tax if it could be enforced
would lie in the thinning out of worth
less dogs that would follow. But It
would not be Ideal, even In that re
spect. Some of the most useless of
all are the pampered pets of persons
who lavish much more than 10 cents
a day in food and care upon them.
and who would pay the tax rather
than sacrifice the pestiferous animals.
But the revenue might be made worth
while, by putting the tax high enough.
What we need is a system of dog
taxation based on service. We might
exempt the collie and the efficient
rat-terrier and slap a big surtax on the
poodle and the Japanese spaniel. Any
thing to raise revenue or conserve
food. But food conservation is the
most important consideration of all.
BRITISH LANDLORDISM DYING.
By revealing the weak points in its
economic structure, the stress of war
has driven Great Britain to adopt new
policies which could only have been
accepted in ordinary times after long
political strife. None of these is more
important than the means taken to
increase the area of cultivated land
by dividing it among a larger number
of people. It has been realized that
the weakness of the country for de
fense against the attempted subma
rine blockade consisted to a large de
gree in decreased home production of
food. This arose from the drift of
people from the farms to the towns,
the colonies and foreign countries,
and the holding of land in large
estates, with farmers as tenants, was
a main contributing cause.
Danger of famine has driven the
government to promote division of
land among small holders. County
councils have power to buy land by
agreement or compulsion, to divide it
into tracts.of not over fifty acres and
to lease these tracts to persons who
will cultivate them, or to sell them.
one-fifth cash and the balance in
half-yearly payments spread over
fifty yearly The county councils may
fence and drain the land, build roads
and houses and provide water.
Cities may in the same manner buy,
divide, improve and sell land in their
suburbs to resident laborers in tracts
of one to five acres. For this pur
pose the government makes loans to
city and county councils. In Ireland
the land-purchase system has made
such progress that two-thirds of the
land is owned by the 450,000 farmers
who cultivate It, and the high prices
of the war have made farmers pros
perous and have accelerated transfer
of the land from landlords to tenants.
Great Britain will emerge from the
war a greatly changed country agri
culturally, as well as commercially
and industrially. It will have changed
from a country of great land owners
into a country of peasant proprietors.
Lord and Lady Bountiful will no
longer lord it over the village
and the rent-day dinner will no
longer be the event of the year, for
there will be no tenants to attend it.
Workmen in the cities may still live
in dreary rows of brick cottages, but
they will go to suburban gardens to
grow vegetables and fruit and may
transfer their homes thither. A new
and greater Britain will result, having
better food, more healthy exercise,
more knowledge of plant life and
more financial independence.
HARVEST THE FILL CROF.
It is unthinkable that there should
be any repetition this harvest time
of the practices, charged to food spec
ulators In the past, of buying crops
without any bona fide intent to har
vest them, but for the chief purpose
of getting control of the supply and
by limiting it to create artificial
prices. The fact that the growers in
many instances received payment sat
isfactory to them does not lessen the
crime. Food is iot morally the prop
erty of the buyer this year to destroy
or to preserve, as he sees fit. Every
pound jnust be conserved, as. a public
duty, and put to run use.
We have not yet come to the point
of seizing food belonging-, to private
citizens, but we would better do so
than have it spoil. The country has
been to much pains to insure a har
vest and it must not be robbed of the
fruits of its endeavor.
The practices of which complaint
has been made have had to do mostly
with fruits and vegetables. Many or
chards went unpicked last Fall in
proximity to cities in which the peo
ple were short of berries and apples
and pears. Thousands of tons of
pumpkins rotted where they lay in
the fields. There was much waste
of potatoes, which was in part respon
sible for the record prices they at
tained. The. fact that the producers
received pay for them did not lessen
the aggravation of the National food
situation.
It would bo well for us all if we
could devise a form of contract pro
viding that the crop sold in the field
must be harvested, and that in the
event of neglect it should revert to the
grower. That would serve a patriotic
purpose and nip the schemes of the
food destroyers in the bud.
GOETIIAL3 OPEN TO REASON.
The first-hand information given by
S. M. Mears, whose communication is
published in another column, that
General Goethals is not opposed to
building wooden ships is welcomed by
The Oregonlan. If any injustice has
been done the General by The Orego-
nian's criticisms of his attitude, the
cause may be traced to the General
himself, for the belief that he was
obstinately opposed to wooden ships
was founded on his own words ad
dressed to the Iron and Steel Institute
and to a House committee, and on his
own acts in dismissing Messrs. Clark
and Eustis from the employ of the
Emergency Ship Corporation and In
refusing to give contracts to estab
lished shipyards which held their fa
cilities at his disposal. If this conclu-
fion was erroneous. The Oregonian
erred in good company, for the same
conclusion was drawn ty the New
York Times, World and Evening Post,
by the Springfield Republican and
other Eastern newspapers.
Some of The Oregonian's criticisms
are sustained by Mr. Mears" explana
tion of General Goethals attitude, as
learned in a personal interview. Al
though it has become necessary to ex
pand the wooden shipbuilding industry
greatly and quickly. General Goethals
favors giving contracts only to "par
ties having the proper organization
and the shipyard equipment and ways
in existence," lest contracts "be used
principally as a basis for promoting
shipbuilding corporations." He takes
this position because "wooden ship
building is almost a forgotten art" and
because "thefo are relatively few yards
for the building of large wooden ves
sels and also a limited number of
skilled carpenters."
If contracts were to be limited by
these conditions, all effort to construct
new yards and to increase the supply
of skilled labor would have to be aban
doned. Hence the output could not
be greatly Increased. It is not the
American way to be daunted by such
obstacles. Portland had shown how to
overcome them before General Goe
thals took up the work. Men who
had not yet built ships engaged in the
business and made good. They diluted
the limited supply of skilled labor with
men from other branches of carpentry.
But when some of the largest con
tracting firms in the country, having
abundant capital and a record of sue
cess with other kinds of construction.
offered to establish shipyards if given
contracts, they were turned down. De
signs which had been followed on the
Pacific Coast were rejected in favor
of others made on the Atlantic Coast,
which waste much space and struc
tural strength.
General Goethals holds out prospect
of 448 wooden and 477 steel ships under
contract or to be built by the Govern-
Lment and of 1,500,000 tons of neutral
ships to be commandeered. This would
give a total of 6,210,000 tons to be
completed within two years. That is a
third less than one year's wastage at
the prevailing rate of destruction
without provision to make good the
deficiency which existed last January.
The General may yet realize that, In
addition to all the steel ships he has
in view, he will need to provide all
the wooden ships the country can pro
vide. It is encouraging to learn that
he has a more open mind than he re
vealed when making his "bird's nest'
speech.
PRICES OF WAB BONDS.
Slight decline In the price of liberty
bonds on lh Ncv. To'k Stock Ex
change is not a matter for serious con
cern. It represents fluctuating money
conditions in a market in which trad
ers figure in the minutest fractions,
and in which intrinsic value does not
always count, by any means. Not the
slightest doubt of the payment of both
interest and principal on the dot is re
fleeted In the reported transactions,
War bonds have often fallen in price
in the course of a' war and risen again,
both during the war . and afterward
Our own Civil War furnishes an illus
tration. The first six per cents sold in
the latter part of April, 1861, at 84
four and a half points below the price
of issue. They fluctuated all through
the war, but the general tendency was
upward. They reached 112 in the,
early part of 18 65 and went to 128
in 1876. The 5-20s of 1862 went to
113 in 1866, to 115 in 1867 and 125i
in 1869.
In our Spanish war, the issue of
$200,000,000 was seven times oversub
scribed without a campaign. The
bonds sold at once at 102, went to
105 in a few weeks and to 107 the
same year 1898. After the war they
were sold as high as 112.
The Napoleonic wars exhausted Eu
rope. British consols, which were
quoted at 97 before the war began,
were at one period as low as 47. They
reached 65 In 1815, the last year of
the war, but regained their ground
after the war, crossing par in 1844.
Great periods of industrial develop
ment have followed great wars. Ex
pansion was strikingly in evidence af
ter the Napoleonic wars and prosperity
was general. The years following the
American Civil War will be remem
bered by men still living as years of
great prosperity, of extension of enter
prise and of development, particularly
in the West.
The danger is not that we shall not
have good times during and immedi
ately after this war, but only that
there may be more prosperity than we
know how to handle. The chief prob
lem after the war will be to curb
excessive optimism, keep expansion
within reasonable bounds and prevent
psychological inflation. Somewhere
there is a high point, and always a
time when commitments must be fol
lowed by realization. But there is no
reason for doubting that for a good
many years, whether we profit by ex
perience or not, we shall enjoy pros
perity. 'Henry Hill Watson, who at the age
of 102 has come to Oregon to spend
his declining years, says that "right
living" is the secret of his vigor at the
remarkable age he has attained, but to
most persons these two words will not
mean much. They embiaca, of course,
temperance in the use of food, and
healthful exercise in the open air, and
avoidance of excesses of every kind,
but they imply also normal occupa
tion for the mind, if one would live
not only long but happily. It is al
most a sine qua non to have a life
giving hobby. In the case of the ven
erable Mr. Watson this was the read
ing of scientific and religious books
and study of the world's best litera
ture. It might have been bee-keeping.
or reading of the book of the great
outdoors, with equal value. The point
lies in the enthusiasm created. When
one becomes blase, age is overtaking
him; while he retains capacity to kin
dle with an inward fire he can rely on
t that he Is still young. The mental
attitude toward life is everything.
This is the crucial time of the gar
dens that fill the vacant lots. The
enthusiasm of planting time must not
ubslde. Keep the hoe and rake going.
The size of the crop depends on the
mount of cultivation. Soak the
ground, rather than sprinkle; a poor
sprinkling keeps the roots near the
surface and crusts the ground. Stir
ring the surface creates a mulch that
holds the moisture where it Is needed.
Keep the hoe bright by constant use.
If the bean vines are too thick, thin
by clipping them pulling disturbs the
roots. Spindling plants do not bear
ike those that have elbow room. All
this Is unpleasant work with the mer
cury at ninety, but anything worth get
ting is worth the sweating.
To President McNulty, of the Inter
national Electricians' Union, is due
settlement of the labor trouble at
Butte, but back of his efforts is the
contract between union and employer.
This is a piece of paper that means
something.
The report of a bumper crop of
corn fits in nicely with the johnny-
cake propaganda of the food-conser
vation experts. It is a good time to
begin using cornmeal, so we can learn
to like it by degrees.
It never gets so warm around here
that Mr. Cordray cannot point to
where the gentle breezes sigh In the
sylvali dells and the dew glistens on
the blades of grass like bewildering
myriads of sparkling gems.
Our 22,000 aeroplanes which the
House has Just provided for will help
some, and if necessary we can send
22,000 more. In, on and above the
surface of the earth, we must spare no
energy to win.
There is no significance In the choice
of Milwaukee to follow Portland as
place of meeting of the National Edu
cation Association. Those people do
not differentiate between "dry" and
"wet."
It is a good thing for the Federal
Government to make a speedy test of
the Reed bone-dry law and have it
over with. Then we can go ahead
and do something else.
The transition from autocrat to bu
reaucrat, indicated by the early dls
patches on the German crisis, is still
not encouraging to the common people
of Germany.
Men who want something different
in the middle of July can run up the
Columbia a bit, climb 4000 feet into
the hills and engage in the pastime of
snowballing.
One meal a day of rye bread will
save 160,000,000 bushels of wheat
year in America. It is well worth try
ing. Good rye bread is not so very
hard to like.
If people hunted up things in the
Bible as often as they do in the phone
book the general goodness of the
world would be increased.
There are a lot of people crying
"Hang the spies!" who would be bet
ter employed getting real evidence
against them.
Men are wanted for special duty on
submarine-chasers. Those who crave
a life of real excitement how have
their chance.
For in-again-off-again-on-agaln pro
pensities, the young Chinese Emperor
is a regular Finnegan of a fellow.
Now comes the call for help to save
the loganberry crop. There Is alway
plenty of work for a patriot to do.
A portrait of a prominent young
woman is not "good" nowadays unless
It reveals about so much hosiery.
The Russian Duma seems to be
about as important, politically, as
William Jennings Bryan.
Hawaii haB the record of most
volunteers and escapes conscription.
Oregon ismear her.
The President's proclamation against
German insurance companies stops
big leak.,'
I How to Keep WelL
j By Dr. V. A. Evans.
OUTLOOK FOR THE VERY OLD.
According to the 1910 census there
were 3555 centenarians In the United
States. There are 11,000 persons 95
years of age and over. There are 156,
000 between 85 and 95. Between 75 and
85. 989,000. And there are 4,500.000 peo
ple over 65 years of age.
A very considerable proportion of the
population, then, is over 65 years of
age. Furthermore, statistics show that
the proportion of old people is con
stantly on the increase. In Ireland and
in other European countries when emi
gration of young men and women has
been great for many years the propor
tion is very large.
It is interesting to note what may
happen to old people. In the first place
the death rate among old women is
much lower than that among old men.
Death in the young is in most instances
the result of outside agencies. Most of
the deaths in old people are due to the
wearing out of the machinery. Since
women are cleaner, are given less to
excesses, have fewer infections, drink
less whisky and use less tobacco, carry
less strain and do less work, they come
into old age with sounder organs.
(Therefore, they live longer.
It Is at about the age of 65 that the
death rate begins to show that the
human frame is wearing out. Of each
1000 babies under 1 year of age about
120 die per year. Of each 1000 people
I between 65 and 75 48.6 die per year.
according to Dubllnr. Between 75 and
80 the death rate is 106.2. Between 85
and 90 it is 225.3. The death rate of
ersons between 80 and 85 is as high
a that of babies.
According to the census office tables
person 65 years old may expect to
ve 11.6 years; 70. 9.1 years; 80, 5.25
ears; 90, 3 years. Women at these
ges have a longer life expectancy than
men. .
The causes of death in people over 65
the order of their importance are:
rganie heart disease (causing one-fifth
f all the deaths), apoplexy (about one-
ghth of all the deaths), bright s dis
ease (almost as many), and pneumonia
about one-eighth). There are about
ne-third as many deaths from con-
umption a3 there are from pneumonia
It Is evident that old people are not
subject to Infections. Ihey must watch
ut for colds and pneumonia, but with
that exception they are almost immune.
f they are to be healthy and to enjoy
ong life it Is necessary that they
hould carefully attend to their excre
tions and that they should fend their
organs against all strain or as much
as they can. To use alcohol, tobacco
or any other form of drug is to lessen
their life expectancy. To worry or fret
or-to expose to fatigue or weather or
any other strain is to draw upon tna
apital in the bank.
In Massachusetts they found, accord
ing to Dublin's article, that one-fifth of
he people over 6o years or age were
the recipients of some ascertainable
public or private relief. When we add
o this all those who are cared tor by
their children and those who live upon
the earnings of the years of greate
activity we find that a very large pro
portion of those over 60 are not eco
nomically productive.
As Hoffman says: "Old age is lor
philosophy and not for material pro
duction. Perhaps some day our social
system will relieve. old age of its terror
of economic dependence and will make
use of the accumulated experience or
the old in some field of philosophy and
wjsdom."
Not to Be Held Lightly.
Mrs. M. J. B. writes: "About seven
or eight years ago I had a slight at
tack qt appendicitis and was cured
then by applying ice bags. Now and
then I get a pain which lasts not more
than two or three seconds. Do you
think this shows any sign of a serious
attack? What precautions shall I take?
2. My child Is now 5 years old and have
been told by my doctor that she Is a
well-developed child. She is not par
ticularly fond of cereals, but Is fond or
esrtrs. There are times she would ask
for two a dav. Is thiy too much? 3. Is
10 hours a day sufficient sleep for
child of this age?"
1. Establish proper bowel habits. IJudge
the attacks are due to appendlclal colic.
Thev are not to be held "lightly."
9 If ,h la thriving let her have the eggs.
Give her enough vegetables and fruit to bal
ance them.
3. Almost.
Twenty Pounds Light.
R. S. TJ. writes: "I am 16 years old
am a feet 9fe inches tail, ana weign
130 pounds stripped. 1. Ought I not
to weigh more in proportion to my
height? 2. How would you advise me
to put on weight if it Is better so
to do?"
REPLY.
1. Tou are about 20 pounds under weight,
2. Do muscle work and eat meat, bread
potatoes, milk and vegetables as you need.
Rales for XT. S. Service.
A. J. writes: "Do the same rules
apply to the Army as the Navy in Join
ing it that is, regarding physical con
dition?"
REPLY.
There are minor differences. Practically
the requirements are tna same.
A MESSAGE.
Today I called for you.
My spirit longed for you.
And all the world was lone for you
The dawn was sweet.
The noon was glorious.
The twilight was tender.
And the night folded me close,
In silent prayer,
As I watched the shadows fall.
But my heart. Beloved, could find
No comfort without you:
Oh, my dear, the music and the beauty
Of the world kill me!
There is a grief In the heart
Of Its beauty.
A sadness in the soul
Of its music.
And a silence, without you.
Which breaks my heart.
Yet. I am kin with all the world.
And its multitudes mourn with me.
For we have given our Beloved
As heralds of Justice:
Dear ones, that mourn.
Let us turn our grief into prayers.
That they may find the hearts of sor
row.
And creep Into them
With messages of comfort.
Until there moves around
This sad world .
An enshrouding veil
Of love and tenderness:
Let us whisper to doubting hearts
That there Is a Tomorrow,
A tomorrow of beauty, of love,
Of liberty, of peace, of right.
Margaret Dyke Mallory, Forest
Grove. Or. '
Road From Aberdeen.
ABERDEEN. Wash., July 14. (To
the Editor.) Please let me know the
condition of the road for auto driving
between Aberdeen, wash., and Port
land. Or. SUBSCRIBER.
The road from Aberdeen to the con
nectlon with the regular Pacific High
way at Centralla Is reported by motor
lsts to be in good condition. Most of
the road from Centralla south through
Chehalis. Winlock, Castle Rock, Ka
lama. Woodland, "Vancouver to Port
land Is. In fairly good condition, though
there are Intermittent stretches
rough roadway. The highway between
Kalama and Carroll's Point is no long
er flooded and all cars are goln
through without difficulty.
GEN. GOETHALS AOT PREJUDICED
Mr. Mears Finds Him Not Opposed to
Wooden Ships.
PORTLAND, July 14. (To the Edi
tor.) Upon my return from the East I
note that editorially The Oregonian has
censured General Goethals for his sup
posed attitude of opposition to the
building of wooden ships. I say "sup
posed" because (ram my conversation
with him. when in Washington, I
could not detect any note of opposition
and after this personal interview with
him I do not believe that they could
have secured a better executive for this
work. He has a commanding person
ality and yet is very democratic. Any
body can get an interview with him
who has legitimate business to talk.
He impresses one as the type of man
that would make quick decisions based
qtn common sense and efficiency.
He did not say that he was opposed
to promiscuously giving contracts for
the building of wooden vessels when
the contracts are to be used principally
as a basis for promoting shipbuilding
corporations; that he was prepared to
recommend the giving of contracts for
wooden ships to all parties having the
proper organization and the shipyard
equipment and ways in existence; that
he would not favor giving large con
tracts, but rather wanted to limit them
to the vacant capacities of the yards
and renew the contracts as fast as they
had vacant ways.
He expressed himself as opposed to
entering into contracts on the basis of
cost plus a profit, because in his opin
ion that destroyed all need for efficien
cy on the part of the builder; in fact,
the contractor's bread would be but
tered on the side of high cost rather
than low cost. It would be a matter of
indifference to the builder what wages
he paid or what the material cost, as
the greater the expense the greater his
profit. The General would, however,
offer to contract at what the Board
considered a liberal price and protect
the builder against market advances
for raw materials. I assume that they
re willing to make this guaranty be
cause the Government expects to have
some control over the prices of mate-
als. whereas they haven't any control
ver the price of labor. The Govern
ment also requires a definite date of
elivery, granting a very reasonable
ength of time for completion of the
boat and offering a premium of $200 a
ay for earlier delivery and a penalty
f $200 a day for later delivery. They
would of course give reasonable pro
tection from causes of delay beyond the
control of the builder.
I was impressed with the idea that
the General favors the building of all
the wooden ships possible within the
ext eighteen months, but he appre-
iates that wooden shipbuilding is al
most a forgotten art. There are rela
tively few yards for the building of
arge wooden vessels and also a limited
number of skilled ship carpenters, con
equently the number of wooden ships
turned out must be governed by these
two factors.
I have burdened you with this com
munication because I feel that your
riticism of General Goethals is unjust
and does have some influence in un
settling the public mind and thereby
essening the confluence In the conduct
of our war measures, which I am sure
you will admit Is not a desirable result.
S. M. MEARS.
LAW NOT BURDEN ON DAIRYMEN.
Postal Card to Make Application for
Tuberculin Test Is Only Coat.
SALEM, Or., July 14. (To the Edi
tor.) I note a communication from
Lebanon, Or., in The Daily Oregonian
to the effect that small dairymen of
Linn County expect to go out of the
dairy business because of harmful re
quirements of the law enacted at the
last Legislature governing the Inspec
tion of dairy animals.
I presume this communication refers
to a tuberculin test that is required of
dairy animals supplying raw milk. The
dairymen in that section are laboring
under the misapprehension both as to
the text and intent of the pasteuriza
tion and tuberculin test law. The law
so provides that dairymen may have
their herds tested at an outlay of cost
no greater than one cent for a postal
card on which they may make applica
tion for a test of their herd.
As soon as this application is filed.
thev are exempted from any further
effect of the law until such a time as
the State Live Stock Sanitary Board is
able to make the test. Such tests as
are made by the State Live Stock Sani
tary Board officials in the employ of
the state are made free of cost.
Obviously it would be impossible for
us to test all or tne animals or any
considerable number of them before
September 1. which date Is specified in
the law. after which they shall have
their herds tested It is not the design
of the law to enforce tests upon the
small owners, but In order to make the
law such that It could not be evaded
It was absolutely necessary that no ex
emptions be made.
State Veterinarian.
There's something on my mind.
old
day.
rife,
that's sttckln' purty tight.
That keeps me thlnkln all the
and
sometimes hall the night.
And sometimes in my dreams I
faces once again
sea the
Of pioneers that crossed with us In that old
wagon train.
The poppln' of tha swlngln whips yet seem
to reach my ears ,
In dreamland as an echo from the Inter
venin vears.
And I can see you bendln o'er the chip fire
aa vou d bake
The old Putch oven biscuits and broil the
buffalo steak.
In bed beneath the wagon tcp we'd often
lie at night
And talk of future life out In this land
Dure delight.
And shape up plans of what we'd do out
in this virgin lana
A-waitln' for the touch of plow In man's
Improvln hand.
Tha pictures that we drew were bright, we
let no clouds of doubt
Come overnhadowin' oar minds to drive their
beauty out.
And. though 'twas tryln" at the start and
took a lot o grit.
We found at last our pictures weren't over
drawn a bit.
Beneath the dusty wagon top I yet can see
vour face
As on we moved day after day, at far from
lively pace.
And on that face I never saw a frown of
discontent.
Or heard from you one word that would
suggest discouragement.
You were as brave as X was, wife, and may
be braver, too.
For sometimes on the stormy days when I
was feelln blue .
a hoDeful song
That gave me courage as beside the steers
1 trudged along.
But what I started out to say. the day Is
close at hand
When many of the pioneers who sought this
peerless land.
When It was but a wilderness, will hold
their yearly spree.
And none will be more lively on their shanks
than you and me.
My old heart gets to dancln' when I think
about the Joys
Of meetln' with the pioneers, the brave old
rlrls and boys
That shared with us the hardships of the
trip across the plains
When oxen formed the motive power of them
old schooner trains.
So make your preparations, wife, and on
that glorious day
Til crank the car and off we'll spin In quite
a different way
From that we used in trav'lln In ths canvas
top machine.
'Twai run by rawbona oxen power instead
of gasoline.
We'll decorate the tour in' car with flags
and ribbons, too.
A bit of gay artistic work I'd have to leave
to you.
And. slngln' pioneer day songs, to Portland
we will run
With our reunion bells on, and we'll Jingle
them like fun.
The Pioneers' Play Day
By James Barton Adams.
In Other Days.
Twenty-five Years Aao,
From The Oregonian of July 16. 1893.
F. V. Dunham was yesterday appoint
ed general freight agent for the North
ern Pacific Railway.
Holmes' Business College, now lo
cated in the Abington building. Is to
occupy a new three-story building on
the corner of Ninth and Yamhill streets
about September 1. It Is believed that
removing a little from the business
center will avoid many street influ
ences that are pernicious and secure
a better grade of work, and with tele
phone connection and but five minutes'
walk from the business center, none
of its advantages will be lost.
When Portland lost to Tacoma to
the tune of 9 to 7. Seattle again went
into the lead in the Pacific Northwest
Baseball League. The batteries for
Portland were Lelper and Baldwin.
Justice McDevltr, of the North Port
land Justice Court, yesterday performed
his rirst marriage ceremony in uniting
C. H. Meves and Kate Tyler in the holy
bonds of wedlock.
The bark Belle of Oregon loaded oil
and salmon at Mersey dock yesterday.
hhe will clear In a few days for New
York.
Fifty Years Agio.
From The Oregonian of July 16. 1867.
The work of piling for the long-con
templated extension of Couch & Flan
ders' wharf was began yesterday morn
ing.
The party which left here Monday
for the summit of Mount Hood re
turned Saturday evening. Of the Inci
dents and accidents of the trip we have
no account. The party consisted of
Messrs. Wadleisrh. Carpenter and two
others, whose names we have lost.
From the Helena, Mont. Herald of
July 3 we learn of the death of Gen
eral Thomas Francis Meagher, Secre
tary of the Montana Territory.
We have been frequently asked, with
in a day,or two. about the time for
the approaching annual meeting of the
State Teachers' Institute. We have not
had time to look the matter up. but
we give Mr. Warren as authority for
the statement that the session will be
gin in Portland next Tuesday.
DILIGENT CULTIVATION NECESSARY
Dry Weather Calls for Hard Work: on
Part of Crop Growers.
PORTLAND, July 14. (To the Edl- '
tor.) Though not a pumpkin exactly.
It was the writer's good fortune to
grow up mostly between two corn
rows on a big farm In Illinois, where at
9 years of age, and ever after, a hand
was made in the field, plowing, hoeing.
shucking corn and harvesting grain
till the war broke out in 1S61.
There our crops suffered sometimes
for want of rain, as they now are suf
fering in the region where The Ore
gonian circulates.
At such times we found persistent
cultivation, even when it seemed only
stirring the r:-y dust, to be good for
corn, potatoes, beans, cabbage, ruta
bagas, and carrots, and this paragraph
is written for the benefit of the great
number of people who have this sea
son planted potatoes and other garden
products now suffering for rain. If
left alone, though clean and free of
weeds, the enterprise will be sadly dis
appointing if we do not have rain soon.
The thing to do now is use the plow
or hoe, or both, incessantly. Cultivate,
cultivate, early and late. As soon as
the patch is gone over, start in again,
not stirring the soil too deep, but keep
it moving. If this is not done the
ground will bake hard and crack and
everything will shrivel;' but diligent
cultivation will give, in most places,
tairiy good results. c K. CLINE.
Holding of Eugenic Teats.
RAINIER. Or.. July 14 (To the Edi
tor.) (1) Please tell me when and
where the eugenic tests for babies are
held or the person I would have to see
in regard to having a baby tested.
(2) Also to settle an argument I
should like to know how the Hill lin
ers. Great Northern and Northern Pa
cific, compare in size with the Cunard
and other big liners of the Atlantic
coast.
D. D.
(1) Tests are held each Wednesday
at the rarents' Educational Bureau. 550
Court House, under the auspices of the
Oregon Congress of Mothers. Reserve
time for your baby to be examined, by
telephone or by writing or applying in
person to Mrs. A. Bayley, Parents' Edu
cational Bureau, Court House. Port
land, Or. The test is free and i3 done
by expert doctors, specialists and
nurses. Registration fee for those who
can afford it is 25 cents to pay for
laundrying and materials used In ster
ilizing articles used. Advice given free.
(2) Principal liners of the Cunard
fleet are larger than the Great North
ern and Northern Pacific and In some
respects of a different type. The
Aquitania, of 45,647 tons gross; Aura
nla, 13.400 tons and Mauretania, 30,704
tons, are ships with four turbines,
while the Carmania, of 19.524 tons and
Royal George, of 11.146 tons. are
equipped with three turbines, the same
as the Northern Pacific and Great
Northern, which are of S256 tons. The
latter are 509.5 feet long, with a beam
of 63.1 feet and depth of hold of 21
feet. The Aquitania is 868.7 feet long,
has a beam of 97 feet and depth of
hold of 49.7 feet.
Germans In Red Cross.
HOOD RIVER, Or., July 14. (To the
published in part in The Oregoniai
reference was made to the barring from
the Red Cross Association of people of
German birth tnd German descent.
Please inform me if such measure is
being adopted by the American Red
Cross. M. GREEN.
In Mr. Roosevelt's address at Forest
Hills, Long Island, July 4, he referred
to the Informal proposal up some time
ago to exclude men of German names
from working with the Red Cross on
the French frontier or in the British
ranks. The reason Is obvious, but noth
ing ever came of the proposal and the
American Red Cross has not adopted
any rule barring workers of German
descent from its ranks. Mr. Roosevelt
opposed such a discrimination by say
in s? th.it If he had been allowed to take
an army to France It would have con-,
tained men of cTerman parentage, both
as privates and officers.
Red Cross Council Is Appreciative.
WASHINGTON, D. C. July 9. (To
the Editor.) With Red Cross Week be
hind us and our faces turnea toward
the great work ahead, one of the first
things I want to do Is to express to you
our sincere appreciation of the assist
ance rendered by your paper in helping
the Red Cross.
I have in mind particularly an edito
rial in The Oregonian June 21, entitled
"The Red Cross Drive," which was most
helpful. : .
Your co-operation Is of very gr-nit'
value in the work we are trvlng to do.
H. P. DAVISON.
Chairman Red Cross War Council.