19
THE MORNING OREGONIAN, WEDNESDAY, JTJXY 11, 1917.
'4
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POKTLAND. WKDNKSOAY. JtLY 11, 1917.
THE FCBUO 18 TUB REAL LOSER.
Without undertaking to say that
the Interstate Commerce Commission
should have granted the full increase
of 16 per cent in freight rates which
was asked by the railroads. The Ore
gonian is of opinion that the Com
mission took too narrow a view of
the entire subject. The Commission
compared prospective railroad rev
enue for 1917 with that for 1918 and
several preceding years. It found net
revenue for last year to have been
much higher than in any recent year,
and seems to have assumed the 1916
results to have been ample, hence to
have assumed that, if such an ad
vance were permitted as would com
pensate for the greater cost of labor
and material in 1917 than in 19 1 and
as would assure no less net revenue,
it would deal justly with the railroads
and the people whom they serve.
Commissioner Harlan seems to have
a broader, sounder view of the ques
tion than was taken by the majority
of his colleagues. In his dissenting
opinion he discussed the railroads as
the machine for carrying the Nation's
traffic, he found that It was unequal
to that task, he sought the reasons
and he prescribed the remedy. He
did not limit himself to comparison
of the prospective income for 1917
with that for 1916. He considered
traffio conditions and financial con
ditions of these abnormal times, com
pared them with the conditions of
the normal times immediately preced
ing and therefrom drew his conclu
sions as to what is needed to put the
railroads in a position to provide ade
quate facilities for serving the public
Throughout he had in view not the
interest of the railroads in earning
larger dividends, but the interest of
the people in getting adequate service,
and he considered enlargement of rev
enue only as a means to the latter
end.
The plain facts are that, while rail
road extension and improvement were
active prior to 1910, they have been
very limited since that year. About
that time a recognized authority said
that an expenditure of a billion dol
lars a year for several years would be
necessary In order to bring the rail
road system level witn the needs of
traffic. No such expenditure has
been made. Though facilities were
Inadequate to then existing needs in
1910, they have not been Increased
commensurately with those needs,
much less to keep pace with the re
quirements of growing population and
traffic
When after several lean years the
war brought a boom in traffic, the
railroads did the best they could with
the means at their command, doing
only betterment and maintenance
work as they had to have. When this
work could no longer be delayed, all
elements of cost had risen, and the
effect was seen in lower net earnings
for the last months of 1916. The
added expense of the eight-hour basis
in train service followed, and in Feb
ruary came severe storms and the ag
gravated traffio blockade due to the
submarine scare. When net earnings
were at their best, artificially swollen
by neglect of maintenance and better
ment, they were only 6.4 per cent on
investment In 1916 for first-class
roads, according to the Commission's
own showing, and this is being cut to
an estimated 5.8 per cent for this
year.
This seems a fair return on capital
and the average citizen may ask why
he should be called upon to pay
higher rates In order to maintain the
1916 ratio of earnings. But this is
the maximum attained when traffic
was booming, and the investor will
base -his calculations on a period of
years. He finds It the highest In ten
years, the percentage having run as
low as 4.091 in 1914. The railroads
must borrow money to make improve
ments and catch up with the needs of
traffic. Their 6.4 per cent maximum
income looks small by comparison
with that of industrials earning 4, 5
and many more times as much, while
their security does not compare with
that of the Government, which can
borrow at 3'4 per cent. They are at
a disadvantage in the money market
when competing for capital with a
flood of such securities. They fall to
get the money and cannot improve
tbelr lines.
Commissioner Harlan believes that
the public suffers far more than the
railroads by denial of the full advance
asked by the railroads. His line of
reasoning leads to the conclusion that
the benefit derived by the public from
improved transportation, which the
railroads could give if better credit
enabled them to raise capital, would
far exceed the additional freight they
would pay.
He thus tells the effect on the con
sumer:
The producer and manufacturer, with am
ple aupplies which the public was demand
ing, have been unable to make deliveries.
The coal operator, with no shortage of coal
at the mine, has not been able to deliver
it promptly to those needing it. Prices for the
necessities of life have increased, partly at
least because existing supplies could not be
brought to the consumer; and the speculator
liai been enabled, to demand unreaeonabte
pricea because Inadequate facilities have
prevented the competition in the conauming
marketa of those who were prepared to fur
nish the same commodities at lower prices.
Large industries have been greatly em
barrassed. It was stated, for example, that
the producers, of lumber in one territory
alone, with the materials at hand, have
fallen 80.000 short in meeting their orders
during the last 32 months.
The one outstanding fact during the hear
ing, as to which there was no disagreement,
Tv as that our transportation system Is lack
ing In the capacity to meet the demands
of the shippers and that the reaultlng losa
to the general public haa been very large.
This condition la one of present danger, with
a possibility that it may even becomesdis-
astrous during the war period. But aside
from this military Influence, the record
leaves no doubt that our transportation sys-
tern as a whole must be promptly enlarged
and expanded.
We hear much about increasing
production, but it is useless to pro
duce more if we cannot get it to mar
ket. We hear much about hoarding,
but obstacles to marketing1, in the
shape of Inadequate transportation
facilities, have the same effect as de
liberate withholding from the market.
The speculator who boosts prices is
everywhere condemned, but the influ
ence which, by preventing supplies
from reaching the consumer, creates
artificial scarcity, is equally respon
sible. The process of production Is
not complete until the goods are In
the market within reach of the con
sumer. A congested railroad which,
against its will, cannot carry goods to
market restricts production as effec
tually as does a combination which
prevents their manufacture. The Na
tion is afflicted with men in public
office whose mental vision is so
warped by outworn prejudice that
they cannot see these things.
IlOW TO MAKE A HAPPI ROME.
Hetty Green was said to be the rich
est woman In the world, and when
she died she left her son. Colonel E.
H. R. Green, one of the richest men
In the world. The available records
are silent as to the exact part the son
has played In the accumulation of the
Green fortune; but it may be assumed
at least that he performed his filial
duty to his mother. The fact that
during his mother's lifetime Edward
Green remained a bachelor for her
sake may or may not have been with
in the family covenant. It Is -now im
material, anyhow, for Edward Green,
aged 48, has married Mabel Harlow,
aged 47. The happy bridegroom says
he Is marrying for a real home.
We are to assume that Edward has
not had such a home, and we are led
to wonder if he is going to get it.
Given a fortune of, say, $50,000,000,
can a bachelor of middle ago marry
a maiden lady of mature years and
achieve the domestic peace and hap
piness his heart yearns for?
The ways of a maiden are past find
ing out, but the ways of a bachelor
have nothing uncertain about them.
Here are two people that have taken
their solitary walks for nearly half a
century, and have their manner of life
well fixed, and they join In the enter
prise of making- a real home. Helerh-
ho! Perhaps they will succeed, and)
then again perhaps not. We hope
they do. But all the Green millions
are not sufficient to create the at
mosphere and fact of a real home,
undertaken after the sun of life has
passed its meridian, without children.
THE CHAJWEL IS DEEP; LET'S USE IT.
The last survey of the entrance
channel of the Columbia River shows
it to be forty-one feet deep for a width
of 800 feet, or a foot deeper than the
Ambrose channel into New Tork har
bor, through which half of the ocean
commerce of the United States passes.
There Is a thirty-six-foot channel for
a width of 25 00 feet, or a greater width
by 600 feet than that of the Ambrose
channel. Such a channel is deep
enough to float the largest ship in
existence and Is wide enough for such
a vessel to turn without touching bot
tom. It connects with a river channel
to Portland which is thirty feet deep
at low water. When tide and the or
dinary stage of water are considered,
this, too. Is deep enough for the great
est ships.
There are now building, or will bf
built within the next two years, hun.
dreds of ships, both of steel and wood,
each of which will navigate this chan
nel In going to sea and each of which
will be a floating advertisement of
Portland's facilities as a port. Each
of these vessels will do Its part to
destroy the false Impression in regard
to the port which has been created
by its envious detractors. These ves
sels should also promote Portland
commerce by carrying away the goods
of this country and by bringing In the
products of other countries. They will
then become floating advertisements
of Oregon products and most effective
boosters for Oregon industry.
The water highway from Portland
to the sea Is now wide, deep and
broad, and Is equal to any in the
world. It is up to us to use it.
THE TIDE OF IMMIGRATION.
The enormous Importance of labor-
saving machinery In the coming re
construction of the world, and the
necessity xor education in planning
short cuts In every Industry, are em
phasized by the predictions made by
students of the situation that there
not only will be a shortage of labor
after the war. but that there is likely
to be a complete change in the direc
tion of immigration. This brings the
problem home to the United States,
which in recent years has been wel
coming new people to Its shores at the
rate of a million a year or more. There
are grave doubts whether this will be
resumed. These doubts will be com
pletely resolved If there should result
from the war an extensive reform in
labor and land conditions In the old
world.
Frederick C. Howe, United States
Commissioner of Immigration, believes
that there will be a big demand for
men all over the world and that It
will not be confined to the countries
devastated by war. He foresees a re
vival of Industry in Mexico, as well
as in Canada. Indeed, he says he
would not be surprised if instead of
receiving large numbers of new immi
grants, the United States did not lose
several hundred thousand emigrants,
who will return to their former homes
if conditions are favorable to them
there. "Should Europe adopt a com
prehensive land policy on the one
hand and Canada on the other," he
says, "it is quite possible athat the
United States will be confronted with
a permanent shortage of labor and
that immigrants will leave this coun
try as they already have done for
Canada and for Europe as well."
The undetermined factor In all cal
culations Is the measure that will be
forced upon the belligerent nations to
pay the debts incurred in the course
of an exhausting war, and the conse
quent rate of taxation upon industry
of every kind. No one has yet thought
of repudiation, although' the end is
not yet in sight, but it is conceiv
able that efforts will be made to
extend payment over a great num
ber of years. The lighter the burden
is made, the better will be the pros
pect of keeping the people at home
and finding profitable work for them:
Russia already is on the verge of re
forming its land laws on a basis that
may invite immigrants from Central
Europe who recently have been com
ing to the United States. Vast areas
now under Turkish rule would Invite
settlement under different conditions
England will hardly return to the old
system of leaving great areas untitled.
And if there is still an overflow, the
tropical colonies now In the Jap of
the god of battles are practically un
touched. The lesson to Americans is that
they must increase productive power
by every means possible that does not
depend upon human labor. We are
more than likely to experience a short
age of men. We may even be com
pelled to dispense with certain non
essentials, but we are certain to need
every ounce of individual productive
capacity we have. Great will be the
reward If we succeed in solving the
problem, but there will be nothing In
It for any of us if we lag behind. We
are soon to enter on a new era, and
it is necessary that every man, in
every occupation, should absorb the
spirit of doing his best.
OCR I1KGILAR ARMY HETf,
The "tin" Is taken out of the Ore
gon National Guard by the order that
assimilates It Into the regular Army.
There will be nothing better In the
service. The Third Oregon, the bat
tery and the horse-troop units are
made up of the best of young Oregon
manhood. They have held up well
under restraint of what may be termed
police duty and now, with the pros
pect of foreign service, all are ready
for the real work of war.
Oregon 13 not sad to see the boys
go. Rather, she Is proud. She recalls
the First Oregon of half a century
ago, the Second Oregon that most of
us remember as companions, and the
record It made in the Philippines, and
she looks for greater deeds and bigger
glory for the Third Oregon In the
older continent.
The regular Army Is a grand insti
tution, and it's going to be a big bit
grander when the Oregon National
Guard has been absorbed. The Third
and the complementary companies and
troops will not lose their Identity at
home, no matter what regimental
designation may e, and their doings
will be the" part of the morning news
to which Oregonlans will turn.
Oregon ha-3 said "Au revolrl" Its
next work is to plan the Christmas
boxes, and there will be one or more
for every Oregon soldier.
FAIR WARNING.
Emma Goldman complains that she
and her companion, Berkman, were
convicted because they were anar
chists. Probably she stated the ap
proximate truth, or at least correctly
Interpreted the underlying grounds of
society's Just grievance against her
and her kind. She is a stormy petrel
of discontent, disorder and violence
and dissatisfaction with the estab
lished, order, whatever the order Is.
It is impossible for a mind and spirit
like the Goldman woman's to be har
monized with any scheme of govern
ment or any rule of life. She is an
outlaw, temperamentally, intellectual
ly and morally. She has done a great
deal of harm in her long career In
America. She has been treated with
extreme tolerance, and she has abused
It grossly. Now she finds that the
Nation which has protected her pro
poses, first of all, to protect Itself.
It Is no time now to deal leniently
with the Goldmans and the Berkmans,
or with any of the voices of treason
and lawlessness which may now be
raised throughout the land. The Berk
man man and the Goldman woman
get two years In a Federal prison b
cause they publicly proclaimed a
propaganda against conscription and
sought to persuade men not to enlist.
They denied it, and In denying it gave
the lie to persistent and notorious rec
ords of defiance of law, contempt of
authority and advocacy of anarchy.
But a Jury found them guilty in forty
short minutes, because they were
guilty, of particular criminal acts, and
doubtless because they were properly
regarded as Individual menaces to the
public safety.
There are other public nuisances
who ought to find in the Goldman
Berkman convictions full and fair
warning. The temper of the United
States which means the Government,
which also means the people is quite
sensitive. There are those such as
the I. W. W. who may well profit by
the Goldman-Berkman example.
EXTENDING THE GARY SYSTEM.
The so-called "Gary system" won
noteworthy victory the other day when
the Board of Estimate of New Tork
approved a recommendation of its
committee on education that $1,633,'
829 be appropriated for further ex
perimentation in the New Tork schools
during the coming year. This was
done after a bitter fight. In which. It
Is to be feared, too much venom was
exhibited to make for the judicial
calmness with which educational
questions ought to be considered, but
it was made clear that the method Is
to have a thorough test as a means
of extending the efficiency of schools
now compelled to run on part time,
and of Increasing the function of the
school in Its relation to the life of the
city. '
New Tork resolved on making the
Gary experiment about three years
ago, when it turned over several
schools In Manhattan borough to Pro
fessor Wirt for the working out of
his ideas. The system contemplates
the co-ordination of work and play,
and of classroom and workshop. Un
der Professor Wirt in New Tork It
has provided for a school day of eight
periods of fifty minutes each, divided
into two groups of four periods each.
The classes are arranged with a view
of keeping the classrooms and school
accessories, such as gymnasiums and
workshops, in constant use. Support
ers contend that it not only reduces
the number of teachers needed, but
reduces the per capita cost of build
ings and maintenance and also, which
is far more Important, increases the
interest of the pupil In his school
work. Parents who are puzzled over
the supervision of their children in
their home hours an especially se
rious problem in overcrowded districts
are said also to be greatly helped.
The amount just appropriated In
New Tork, while It will seem large to
the average city, is trivial by compari
son with the total of $47,404,255 al
lowed for 1917 In the budget estimate
for ''educational and recreational"
purposes in the greater city. The
formal appropriation just made is
for altering old buildings, buying new
sites and constructing new buildings,
but the president of the Board of Edu
cation has frankly admitted that it
Is intended to use the money to pro
vide workshops, auditoriums, kitchens
and playgrounds, with Intent to edu
cate the hands and senses of the chll
dren. The spirit of the opposition is
contained In the declaration of one of
the leaders, who punningly said that
the new plan ought to be called the
"vagary system," and added: "By
putting a little workshop in a school
they expect to Jolly the people into
thinking that pupils are getting voca
tlonal training."
The charge, however, that It is de
sired to create even a deceptive ap-
pearance of vocational training does
not do justice to those who make a
sharp distinction between vocational
training, as such, and "pre-vocational"
teaching a distinction that is also a
difference. This was brought out In
Illinois some years ago, when the fight
between the "dual" and the "unit"
systems was at its height, and Mrs.
Ella Flagg Young, now in Portland as
a distinguished member of the Na
tional Education Association, pointed
out In one of her reports:
The difference between the pre-vocatlonal
classes and that proposed by the manufac
turers ilea not in the degree of akin re
quired, but In the appeal to the spirit.
When the fourteen to alxteen-yeax-old chil
dren of the working claasea are cut off
from everything In education except that
which bears directly upon shop work, the
life, the character of the American work
man will lose the stimulus that comes
through the humanities. All our classes
pre-vocatlonal, apprentice and vocational
are breathing the breath of life In schools
where skill and science are well taught; not.
however, for personal or trade ends only,
but in an atmosphere In which an Indus
trial oareer la dignified as an element In
the social movement of the American peo
ple. The "pre-vocatlonal glimpse," which
it is proposed to give the young stu
dent while developing skill and broad
ening the outlook of the mind, runs
counter to the anti-cultural theory
by which all energies would be di
rected, from the earliest beginning,
and to all education devoted and every
device employed to advance the pupil
in the trade chosen for him. It raises
the old question, also, whether the
purely vocational method does. In
deed, result In superior efficiency
of the individual. The notion that
time is "wasted" that is not expended
in fitting oneself for a particular
calling has suffered a setback
owing to the rapidity with which rad
ical industrial changes are brought
about In a modern world. The crafts
man of one idea, or too few ideas, is
not always able to keep up with the
procession. This is worth considering
because it indicates a glaring defect
of the ultra-vocational Idea on the
purely utilitarian s'ide, which it repre
sents.
There Is, too, the question to be con
sidered whether, even if it did pro
mote the highest ultimate vocational
efficiency, and that alone. It would be
worth while. We need Industrial effi
ciency, and we ought not to belittle it,
but we also need broad cultivation of
the mind and the spirit, for our own
highest happiness and good of our fellow-men.
ENOtTGH, BUT NONE TO WASTE.
Crop prospects are better, but wheat
production will be so far below our
requirements that the wheatless day
will still be morally, obligatory. Hap
pily, the outlook Is that we shall have
abundant corn, oats and barley, to say
nothing of rice, to substitute for wheat
in various forms. As for potatoes.
with a prospective Increase of more
than 60 per cent aside from the prod
uct o millions of home gardens, we
Bhou)w be able to smother the Ger
mans with potato chips.
If nature should be ever so kind
until the last crop is safely in the
barn, the world will have none to
spare, and the chief burden of feed
ing It will fall upon Uncle Sam's
shoulders. If Mr. Hoover should be
given the broadest powers and should
exercise them with the utmost wis
dom, he will still find use for every
bushel and must apportion Bupplles of
every staple with great care, that all
may have enough. He will be re
quired to organize a great machine of
willing workers who, must whip the
unwilling into line, and every day's
delay lets much food slip beyond his
control.
Although wordy Senators dread
Hoover's control, the people long to
escape from the grip of the specu
lator into the arms of Hoover, and
they wait with angry Impatience for
the boresome Senate to talk itself dry.
The young man who sought a de
cree the other day because his meals
were not ready on time and his bed
not made in the morning Is a real
wonder to old married men who learn
by this that they have had a grievance
for years and have thrived upon It.
Moses Alexander may be thinking
of the lamented Steunenberg when he
declines to use force in handling the
I. W. W., but he will lose out In gen
tleness and general "fooling" with
them.
Former Ambassador Gerard resigns
while the going is good. He can ac
quire no greater honors than fell upon
him In his conduct of the mission to
Germany during two years of trying
times.
The state of Washington Is hanging
to the hope of more booze in an un
dignified way. To be "bone dry" In
dicates a healthy condition, as shown
In Oregon.
The Kaiser Implies a threat of war
if the Scandinavian states discontinue
supplies, but It Is mere bluff. Ger
many has all the enemy now that it
can fight.
If the increase of 26 cents per fish
wanted by the fishermen could be
taken from the price the consumer
pays, nobody would object.
Fifty more recruits are needed in
the Third Oregon and there's a great
chance for the young fellow who Just
knows he'll be drafted.
With decease of the Northwestern
League, the Seattle fans are Invited
to come down in a body occasionally
and see real ball.
When the 2000 6aloons close in Chi
cago a lot of swampers will be out
of work, not to mention bartenders
and bruisers.
General Scott evidently considers it
well worth while to travel half way
around the world just to see the Rus
sians fight.
Colonel Green gave his bride SS25.
000 for a wedding present and it is to
be hoped will not ask her how she
spends it.
Visiting educators express pleasure
at the way they have been received,
but that's merely the Portland way.
Women's bathing suits cost more
than men's sometimes because they
cover more, also sometimes.
Hetty Green's son may miss a great
joy, marrying too late to romp with
grandchildren.
Work In the laundry at Jefferson
City will take the conceit out of Emma
Goldman.
A -telephone pole is at hand for the
man caught firing a gralnfleld.
How to Keep WelL
By Dr. XV. A. Eraaa
Questlona pertinent to hvs-lene. sanitation
and prevention of diaease. if matters of gen
eral interest, will be answered in this col
umn. Where apace will not permit or the
aubject is not suitable, letters will be per
sonally answered, subject to proper limtta-
ituus anu wnere Bumped aaaressea envelops
Is Inclosed. Dr. Evans will not make diagno-
aia or preacrlbe for individual diseases. Be
quests lor such services cannot be answered.
(Copyright. 118. by Dr. W. A, Evans
Published by arrangement witn the Chicago
Tribune.)
SENSIBLE! BABT CTEKDINO.
D1
R. VAEDBN contributes to the
Bouthern Medical Journal a num
ber of aenBlble Ideas on simple points
in baby feeding;. First, he tells ui
what we have been told so many times
before that very much the bast food
for a baby Is mother's milk, and that
no mother Is Justified in weaning her
baby until It Is reasonably certain that
her milk la disagreeing and that cow's
milk will agree better. Even If it is
necessary to wean the baby the mother
should supply aa much milk as she
can and aa long aa she can. Even
when only a few ounces of milk can
be drawn during - the day nursing
should be kept up.
He says: "Human milk in the small
est amounts Is helpful to the child for
digestion and nutrition." Sometimes
the mother whose milk aupply has
seemed to fall under worry will be re
established when, having given a few
bottles of modified milk with success,
her worry subsides.
If cow's milk la to be used It is prob
ably best to boll It or at least to pas
teurize It Rarely la the use of raw
milk permissible In the Bouthern states
in the Bummer, Fall and late Spring.
In the discussion of Dr. Varden'a pa
per two-thirds of the eminent physi
cians participating agreed with the
statement that cow's milk ahould
either be boiled or pasteurized. The
great objection to the use of boiled
milk la the fact that It produces u mild
form of scurvy. This can be prevented
by giving orange juloe, prune Juice,
apple Juioe or potato.
If necessary the use of orange juice
can be begun before the baby is one
month of age. While orange Juice is
probably the best preventive of scurvy,
either of the fruit' juices mentioned
(or potatoes for older children) can
be substituted with satisfactory re
sults. Dr. Varden does not put lime water
in the diluted milk unless there la a
special reason for doing so. This Is
the prevailing practice now. The old
custom of putting lime water In baby's
milk has been discontinued.
When a baby la transferred from the
breast to the bottle the milk mixture
should be less rich than that given for
the age. For Instance, a 6-months-old
baby should be put on a formula prop
er for a 4-months-old baby, or a 16-
pound baby on one suited to a 10 or
12-pound baby.
When the weather gets hot the rich
ness and the quantity of the milk mix
ture should be cut down. The amount
of sugar can be lessened with advan
tage, since sugar is a source of heat.
The proportion of fat can be lessened.
Blnce fat produces heat. In fact It may
be advisable for a Bhort while during
very hot weather to use skim milk or
fresh buttermilk Instead of whole
sweet milk In making the mixture.
No milk should be fed to a baby un
less It Is fresh, clean and cold. Baby's
milk must be kept below 50, and, bet
ter still, below 45.
Oedema.
S. G. E. writes: "What are the causes
of swollen eyelids and a baglike swell
ing under the eyes, and Is there a cure
for it? I have had this trouble for sev
eral years."
REPLY.
This Is an early appearing form of oedema.
It Is probable that you have albumin In
your urine either constantly or lntermlt-
tlngly. Some old or prematurely old people
are flabby around the eyes Just aa they are
flabby elsewhere. Right living is the pre
ventive for pufflnesa around the eyes. Where
It Is due to lack of tone In the akin, exer
cise, cold baths and massage of neighbor
ing akin la of some service in some cases.
Color Blindness.
N. V. L. writes I "Will you please
publish In your "How to Keep Well'
column Just what color blindness is?
What colors cannot be distinguished?
Is It a very serious malady?"
REPLY.
Color blindness Is a condition In whloh
the eyes are unable to distinguish eolor.
In total color blindness no colors can be
differentiated. All colors appear to be gray.
In partial color blindness some one or more
colors cannot be recognised. The most fre
quent variety la color bllndneaa for red.
Green color blindness is second in order of
frequency. In color blindness for red and
green these colors appear black or gray.
About one-twenty-fifth of men and one-four-hundredth
of women are partly color blind.
In many Instances partial color blindness is
inherited, it may be due to accident or dis
ease or the use of tobacco.
Consult Physician.
T. J. B. writes: "I took an examina
tion for the naval coast defense and
was rejected for leaking heart. I would
like to know If I have to eat certain
foods. If drinking and smoking are
harmful, and heavy work. Will a per
son live long? I am 30 years old.
Would a couple of miles a day be all
right walking?"
REPLY.
I would advise you to see a physician and
have him lay down diet and exercise for
you. You should stop tobacco and alcohol.
Your handwriting shows that you have a
tremor. Since you are only SO. this is prob
ably due to tobacco and alcohol.
Not Hla Name.
Youth's Companion.
In Dublin a zealous policeman caught
a cab driver In the act of driving reck
lessly. The ofTicer stopped him and
sad:
"What's yer name?"
"Ye'd better try and find out," said
the driver peevishly.
"Sure, and I will." said the police
man, as he went round to the aide of
the cab where the name ought to have
been painted; but the letters had been
rubbed off. '
"Aha!" tried the officer, "now ye'll
git yersel' Into worse disgrace than
ever. Yer name seems to be oblither
ated." "You're wrong!" shouted the driver
triumphantly. " 'Tis O'Sullivanl"
The Destroyer svt 'Work.
The Lamb.
"Judging from the looks of those
tires you must have Just completed a
1000-mile trip."
"It's not that; my 3-year-old son baa
been playing about the car."
Some at Hla Gold Mines.
, The Lamb.
"He's a great explorer."
Yd like to have him try to find
some of the goVd mlnea In which I have
invested money."
PATRIOTIC NOTE IS GRATIFYING
N. E. A. In Position e Be ef Great
Service to the Nation.
PORTLAND. July 10. (To the Edi
tor.) I am proud to know that a sen
timent of patriotism and that of Ameri
canism are to be emphasized in all the
deliberations of the N. E. A at present
in session In our city.
We welcome them here and can as
sure them that the people of this com
monwealth appreciate to the fullest ex
tent thla most commendable effort of
the most Influential organisation along
educational llnea In the world, to safe
guard our free institutions by cleans
ing the fountain head of our National
ism from the impurities of false ideas
and a mistaken overzealousness of a
"peace at any price" policy.
We welcome them, for we fully real
ize the great responsibilities resting
upon them as molders of public senti
ment and of publlo activities. They
come from every section of our great
Nation representing its diversified ed
ucational Interests.
We welcome them for offering the
greatest opportunity for Interchanging
ideas and experiences, without which
our efforts in trying to reach a higher
standard of citizenship would be blunt
ed, which would naturally lead to a
Selfish sectionalism.
In reviewing the past of nations we
find that same spirit of belligerency
existing whenever Individual or na
tional rights are assailed. The psy
chological effect of this Invasion of
human rights ia resentment. It thus
becomes a National duty to prepare for
this emergency.
When all reasonable diplomacy falls,
then a resort to arma is the only al
ternative. Under our form of Govern
ment war must be declared by the peo
ple, not by any one person or organiza
tion. An International peace commis
sion would be powerleaa against publlo
sentiment If National honor had been
outraged. The present war haa proved
this beyond a doubt.
The N. E. A can be of great service
to the Nation by advocating reasonable
preparedness, personal sacrifice if
necessary for National defense. Na
tional efficiency and a patriotism that
will insure ua against National dls-
aeter. M. L. PRATT.
MINIS OWNER COMPARED TO I. W. W.
Writer Sugg-eats His Attitude, Too,
MlK-ht Be ProGerman.
PORTLAND, July 10. (To the Ed
ltor.) In face of the well-known die
turn that "comparisons are odious," I
am moved to place side by side three
recent newspaper Items.
First The article, prominently placed
and blackly head-lined, to the effect
that since the I. W. W.a persist In fo
menting strikes and therefore In delay
ing production, at this time of critical
National need, grave suspicions are
aroused that German capital -Is back
of this disloyalty.
Second A less conspicuous Item an
nounclng that Miss Rankin, representa
tlve from Montana, finds her conference
with Secretary McAdoo and AsaiBtant
Becretary Crosby, in her crusade for
shorter hours and better pay for the
women employes In the bureau or
TJrintlng. "most unsatisfactory," and
that Assistant Secretary Crosby "thinks
Miss Rankin overlooks the fact that it
is war work on which the bureau is en
gaged and that her agitation might de
lay" thla
Third A very modest little para
graph with comments by no one. stat
ing that ex-Senator Clark, one of the
larsrest mine owners at uutte, met uot
eminent mediators in the strike trouble
with the assertion that before he would
consent to hold any dealings with the
newly-formed miners' union, he would
flood every mine under his control and
never take out anotner ounce oi ore.
Isn't it lust possible that the ex-Sen
n tor has overlooked the fact that such
n attitude on his part might tend to
delay production at this critical moment
in the life of nis country t nou'u
be Justified, do you think, in calling
to his attention the grave suspicions
which mav well be arousea mat uer
nTi cnnital and German Influence are,
in some secret and invidloua fashion, at
work to undermine his patriotism r
MABEL RUN D ALL.
If there Is any legitimate comparison
to be made between a widely organized
effort to foment strikes, destroy prop
erty, prevent others from working and
obstruct the raising of an army on the
one hand and an isolated, well-inten
tioned error, or an Individual mine own
er's plain bluff on the other hand, there
will be few, we fancy, other than the
correspondent, who can discover it.
Prophet Without Honor.
Touth'a Companion.
Although Thomaa Hardy, the famous
vine-iiBh novelist, has uvea for so ions
ir. T-inrKetshire. England, among the
very scenes that he has depicted eo
ioallv in his books, he Is of such
a retiring and modest disposition that
his fame la unknown to a number of
the quiet country folk wno live in nn
vicinity.
There la an amusing story of an en
thusiastic admirer who visited Dorset
shire and approached an old lady whom
he found sitting outside her cottage
ilnnr
"Mr. Hardy Uvea near here, doesn't
Via?" he lnauired.
"Which Mr. Hardy?" asked the old
vi'dmn n.
whv. Mr. Thomaa Hardy, wno writes
books," replied the astonished pilgrim.
"Oh, I know naugnt aoout mm. saia,
the woman, "but there be a Hardy
near by that rears grand pigs!'
Descent of Property.
MMINNVTLLE. Or., July 9. (To the
Editor.) Please state If mortgages are
oersonal property and in case man
holdlne mortgagee dies do the mort-
a-acres fall to the wife, there being no
children- but sisters ana orotnera oi
the man. A aays they become property
of wife. B contends wife does not in
herlt all personal property.
XBKXE3 THUMAB.
Mortgages are personal property. In
Oregon they go to the wife. In the ab
sence of a will, upon the husband's
death. If there are no children, even
though he may have brothers and sis
ters living.
Mr
Young's Church
Affiliations.
PORTLAND. July 10. (To the Edl
tor.) In Mrs. Klla Flagg Young
Roman Catholic? If not, what church
does she belong to? SUBSCRIBER.
Mrs. Young'a parenta were Presby
terians. Her own religious views were
always liberal, for, though she classed
herself as a Presbyterian, she followed
David Swing In his formation of the
Central Church In Chicago.
(Quotation Is Identified.
PORTLAND. July 10. (To the Edl
tor.) Can you tell me the source of
the following:
"Breathes there a man with soul ao
dead.
Who never to himself hath said
This is my own my native land.' " '
FRANK S. PAT HAM.
Sir Walter Bcott,
Minstrel,"
"Lay of the Last
In Front of Oar Trench.
Harper's Weekly.
"This war," said the first soldier.
"will last a long time yet. Our com
pany baa planted rosebushes in front
of our trench.
"Oh. you Jolly optimist!" cried th
second soldier. "We've planted acorna
in front of oural"
In Other Days.
Twenty-five Tears) Ago.
"From The Oregonlan of July 11. 1S92.)
Portland was visited last night by one
of the largest conflagrations she has
seen In years. The fire broke out on
Sixth street, near the comer of Washi
ngton, and almost an entire block was
veled to the ground.
A terrible accident occurred on the
cable road to Portland Heights last
night, which is likely to result in the
death of one or more persons. A car
ran away down the steep hill and
turned over, injuring a number of
passengers.
New cars for the Waverly end Wood
stock division are being made out of
the norse cars formerly used on the
lines on both sides of the river. One
large coach is made out of two of the
smaller ones.
A stroll through the City Park on
Sunday will convince anyone that there
is no more beautiful spot In the
uburbs of Portland. Its green trees.
beautiful flowera and sparkling foun
tains give rest to the weary eye and
relief to the worn-out nerves.
Plana for the union passenger sta
tion are about completed and the
architect may be expected here before
long.
Half a Century Ago.
(From The Oregonlan of July 11, ISflT.)
New York. A special from Paris
aaya the grand military review in
honor of the Sultan, which was to have
taken place on the 4th, was counter
manded on account of the death of
Maximilian. The grand celebration of
the Americana on the Fourth was
abandoned for the same reason.
A man named Nichols haa lately ex
hibited at Canyonville, Douglas County,
gold and silver-bearing quartz, which,
he said, was found on Cow Creek, In
that county.
The Albany Journal has hoisted the
ramee of Schuyler Colfax for President
und George H. Williams for Vice
President. The Sentinel still sticks to
General Grant, but names no one for
Vice-President.
The finding of huge tusks and bones
on Missouri Gulch last week disclosed
the fact that some remains of the aame
kind were known at Phoenix. Thla ia
the third locality in Southern Oregon
in which bones of these antediluvian
monstere have been found.
At a meeting of the stockboldere of
the Oregon Iron Works, held yesterday
evening. It was unanimously deoided
to rebuild the plant recently burned
down.
HOUSEHOLD IS WELL ORGANIZED
Portland Suburbanite Has Affairs on
Beneficial War Bnsls.
PORTLAND, July 9. (To the Ed
itor.) I have a friend who has organ
ized hla household on a war baata.
This la how it is done: His family oon-
slsts of himself, his wife and two sons.
They reside in one of the outside addi
tions, in the city limits. His two sons
are in the service of Uncle Sam one
In the artillery and one In th engineer
ing department. He has a large house
too large for two people,' so he has
rented the house furnished, except two
rooms which he and his wife occupy.
He gets $35 a month from his tenant.
He has purchased a cow to eat the nne
clover that grows on surrounding lots
and he'has put up nearly enough hay
around his house to carry him through
the Winter. He sells 60 cents worth of
Cream a day. He has 100 by 100 In po
tatoes and other garden crops.
The money he receives from rent and
from cream and what he saves in fuel
and other household expenses he la
putting: into liberty bonds. His wife
puts In her time at Red Cross work.
His spare time from his ofrlce, morn
ings and evenings, he puts in caring
for his cow and growing crops.
What chance would the Raiser have
if we all organized ourselves as well
aa my frifend? R. M. TUTTLE.
Draft Exemption Process.
ASTORIA Or.. July 9. (To the Edi
tor.) (1) Can you give me any in
formation as to when and where affi
davits for draft exemptions must be
made? (2) Are seafaring men exempt? -
MRS. S. H.
(1) Claim to be discharged must be
made on a form furnished by the local
board In the county or division of the
person making the claim. Such claim
must be filed with the local board on
or before the seventh day after the
mailing by the local board of the no
tice required to be given such person
of his having been called for service.
Any statement on the registration card
of any person that discharge Is claimed
is not sufficient. Affidavits muat be
filed within 10 days after the filing of
clatm of discharge.
(2) Mariners actually employed In
the sea service of any citizen or mer
chant within the United States are
subject to discharge upon making
claim and affidavit, provided the claim
be pubstantiated in the opinion of the
local board. The claimant must file
an affidavit signed by his employer
stating that such person is, la his
opinion, necessary to the adequate and
effective operation of the sea service in
which the person is employed, describ
ing the particular sea service operated,
and cannot be replaced by another per
son without substantial, material losa
of efficiency In the operation of such
sea service.
Insanity and Divorce.
RAINIER. Or., July 9. (To the Edi
tor.) (1) Please tell me which Btates,
If any, regard insanity as sufficient
grounda for divorce. (2) Do the laws
of Oregon or Washington require an
applicant for divorce to reside in the
state for any specified length of time
before making such application?
A L. CURTIS.
(1) Pennsylvania and Idaho; also
Washington, Georgia and Utah, If per
manent. Marriage may be annulled in
Virginia, West Virginia, Mississippi or
Iowa if insanity existed at time of
marriage, and in such case marriage is
void in Wyoming. Insanity is ground
for divorce In Maine under certain lim
itations, and it Is ground for annulment
in North Dakota and District of Colum
bia, (2) One year.
Exemption of Household Furniture.
PORTLAND, July 10. (To the Edi
tor.) Please tell me if household fur
niture or piano can be attached or sold
for debt or where a judgment has been
secured. G. II.
Household furniture if owned by a
householder and In actual use or kept
for use by and for his family to the
value of $300 la exempt from execu
tion; also books, pictures and musical
instruments owned "by any person to
the value of $75. But no article is
exempt from execution for the purchase
price. To obtain exemption property
must be selected and reserved by the
Judgment debtor at the time of levy
or aa soon thereafter before Bale there
of as the 'Same shall be known to him.
4-