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About Morning Oregonian. (Portland, Or.) 1861-1937 | View Entire Issue (July 11, 1917)
19 THE MORNING OREGONIAN, WEDNESDAY, JTJXY 11, 1917. '4 FORTLAXD, OBEGOS. Entered at Portland (Oregon), Fostofflce aa second-clasa mail matter. Subscription ratea invariably In advance: (By Mall.) Iaily, Sunday Included, one year .... . .as.oo )ally. Sunday included, alx montha 4.25 Daily, Sunday included, three xnontha ... 2.25 Iaily, Sunday Included, one month . .... Iaily, without Sunday, one year ........ tj.00 Dally, without Sunday, three months ... 1.75 Dally, without Sunday, one month ...... -60 Weekly, one year ...................... l.oo Sunday, one year ............... 2.f0 bunday and weekly (By Carrier.) Dally, Sunday Included, one year 0.00 Dally. Sunday Included, one month .75 Daily, without Sunday, one year 6.00 Daily, without Sunday, three months 1-" -I Daily, without Sunday, one month .00 Weekly, one year 2.50 Sunday, one year ....................... 2.50 Eunday and weekly 8.50 How to Remit Bend postoffloe money or der, express order or personal check on your local bank. Stamps, coin or currency are at lender1! risk. Give postoffice addreaa In full. Including county and etate. Postage Rates 12 to 16 pages, 1 cent: 18 to 32 pages, 2 cental 8 to 48 pages, 3 cents; 60 to 00 pages, 4 centa; 62 to 70 pages, S cents: 78 to h2 pages, 6 centa. Foreign post age double rates. Eastern Business Office) Verree at Conklln, Brunswick building. New York; Verree V C'onklin, btegwr building, Chicago; San Fran cisco representative, K. J. uldwell, 742 Mar ket street. POKTLAND. WKDNKSOAY. JtLY 11, 1917. THE FCBUO 18 TUB REAL LOSER. Without undertaking to say that the Interstate Commerce Commission should have granted the full increase of 16 per cent in freight rates which was asked by the railroads. The Ore gonian is of opinion that the Com mission took too narrow a view of the entire subject. The Commission compared prospective railroad rev enue for 1917 with that for 1918 and several preceding years. It found net revenue for last year to have been much higher than in any recent year, and seems to have assumed the 1916 results to have been ample, hence to have assumed that, if such an ad vance were permitted as would com pensate for the greater cost of labor and material in 1917 than in 19 1 and as would assure no less net revenue, it would deal justly with the railroads and the people whom they serve. Commissioner Harlan seems to have a broader, sounder view of the ques tion than was taken by the majority of his colleagues. In his dissenting opinion he discussed the railroads as the machine for carrying the Nation's traffic, he found that It was unequal to that task, he sought the reasons and he prescribed the remedy. He did not limit himself to comparison of the prospective income for 1917 with that for 1916. He considered traffio conditions and financial con ditions of these abnormal times, com pared them with the conditions of the normal times immediately preced ing and therefrom drew his conclu sions as to what is needed to put the railroads in a position to provide ade quate facilities for serving the public Throughout he had in view not the interest of the railroads in earning larger dividends, but the interest of the people in getting adequate service, and he considered enlargement of rev enue only as a means to the latter end. The plain facts are that, while rail road extension and improvement were active prior to 1910, they have been very limited since that year. About that time a recognized authority said that an expenditure of a billion dol lars a year for several years would be necessary In order to bring the rail road system level witn the needs of traffic. No such expenditure has been made. Though facilities were Inadequate to then existing needs in 1910, they have not been Increased commensurately with those needs, much less to keep pace with the re quirements of growing population and traffic When after several lean years the war brought a boom in traffic, the railroads did the best they could with the means at their command, doing only betterment and maintenance work as they had to have. When this work could no longer be delayed, all elements of cost had risen, and the effect was seen in lower net earnings for the last months of 1916. The added expense of the eight-hour basis in train service followed, and in Feb ruary came severe storms and the ag gravated traffio blockade due to the submarine scare. When net earnings were at their best, artificially swollen by neglect of maintenance and better ment, they were only 6.4 per cent on investment In 1916 for first-class roads, according to the Commission's own showing, and this is being cut to an estimated 5.8 per cent for this year. This seems a fair return on capital and the average citizen may ask why he should be called upon to pay higher rates In order to maintain the 1916 ratio of earnings. But this is the maximum attained when traffic was booming, and the investor will base -his calculations on a period of years. He finds It the highest In ten years, the percentage having run as low as 4.091 in 1914. The railroads must borrow money to make improve ments and catch up with the needs of traffic. Their 6.4 per cent maximum income looks small by comparison with that of industrials earning 4, 5 and many more times as much, while their security does not compare with that of the Government, which can borrow at 3'4 per cent. They are at a disadvantage in the money market when competing for capital with a flood of such securities. They fall to get the money and cannot improve tbelr lines. Commissioner Harlan believes that the public suffers far more than the railroads by denial of the full advance asked by the railroads. His line of reasoning leads to the conclusion that the benefit derived by the public from improved transportation, which the railroads could give if better credit enabled them to raise capital, would far exceed the additional freight they would pay. He thus tells the effect on the con sumer: The producer and manufacturer, with am ple aupplies which the public was demand ing, have been unable to make deliveries. The coal operator, with no shortage of coal at the mine, has not been able to deliver it promptly to those needing it. Prices for the necessities of life have increased, partly at least because existing supplies could not be brought to the consumer; and the speculator liai been enabled, to demand unreaeonabte pricea because Inadequate facilities have prevented the competition in the conauming marketa of those who were prepared to fur nish the same commodities at lower prices. Large industries have been greatly em barrassed. It was stated, for example, that the producers, of lumber in one territory alone, with the materials at hand, have fallen 80.000 short in meeting their orders during the last 32 months. The one outstanding fact during the hear ing, as to which there was no disagreement, Tv as that our transportation system Is lack ing In the capacity to meet the demands of the shippers and that the reaultlng losa to the general public haa been very large. This condition la one of present danger, with a possibility that it may even becomesdis- astrous during the war period. But aside from this military Influence, the record leaves no doubt that our transportation sys- tern as a whole must be promptly enlarged and expanded. We hear much about increasing production, but it is useless to pro duce more if we cannot get it to mar ket. We hear much about hoarding, but obstacles to marketing1, in the shape of Inadequate transportation facilities, have the same effect as de liberate withholding from the market. The speculator who boosts prices is everywhere condemned, but the influ ence which, by preventing supplies from reaching the consumer, creates artificial scarcity, is equally respon sible. The process of production Is not complete until the goods are In the market within reach of the con sumer. A congested railroad which, against its will, cannot carry goods to market restricts production as effec tually as does a combination which prevents their manufacture. The Na tion is afflicted with men in public office whose mental vision is so warped by outworn prejudice that they cannot see these things. IlOW TO MAKE A HAPPI ROME. Hetty Green was said to be the rich est woman In the world, and when she died she left her son. Colonel E. H. R. Green, one of the richest men In the world. The available records are silent as to the exact part the son has played In the accumulation of the Green fortune; but it may be assumed at least that he performed his filial duty to his mother. The fact that during his mother's lifetime Edward Green remained a bachelor for her sake may or may not have been with in the family covenant. It Is -now im material, anyhow, for Edward Green, aged 48, has married Mabel Harlow, aged 47. The happy bridegroom says he Is marrying for a real home. We are to assume that Edward has not had such a home, and we are led to wonder if he is going to get it. Given a fortune of, say, $50,000,000, can a bachelor of middle ago marry a maiden lady of mature years and achieve the domestic peace and hap piness his heart yearns for? The ways of a maiden are past find ing out, but the ways of a bachelor have nothing uncertain about them. Here are two people that have taken their solitary walks for nearly half a century, and have their manner of life well fixed, and they join In the enter prise of making- a real home. Helerh- ho! Perhaps they will succeed, and) then again perhaps not. We hope they do. But all the Green millions are not sufficient to create the at mosphere and fact of a real home, undertaken after the sun of life has passed its meridian, without children. THE CHAJWEL IS DEEP; LET'S USE IT. The last survey of the entrance channel of the Columbia River shows it to be forty-one feet deep for a width of 800 feet, or a foot deeper than the Ambrose channel into New Tork har bor, through which half of the ocean commerce of the United States passes. There Is a thirty-six-foot channel for a width of 25 00 feet, or a greater width by 600 feet than that of the Ambrose channel. Such a channel is deep enough to float the largest ship in existence and Is wide enough for such a vessel to turn without touching bot tom. It connects with a river channel to Portland which is thirty feet deep at low water. When tide and the or dinary stage of water are considered, this, too. Is deep enough for the great est ships. There are now building, or will bf built within the next two years, hun. dreds of ships, both of steel and wood, each of which will navigate this chan nel In going to sea and each of which will be a floating advertisement of Portland's facilities as a port. Each of these vessels will do Its part to destroy the false Impression in regard to the port which has been created by its envious detractors. These ves sels should also promote Portland commerce by carrying away the goods of this country and by bringing In the products of other countries. They will then become floating advertisements of Oregon products and most effective boosters for Oregon industry. The water highway from Portland to the sea Is now wide, deep and broad, and Is equal to any in the world. It is up to us to use it. THE TIDE OF IMMIGRATION. The enormous Importance of labor- saving machinery In the coming re construction of the world, and the necessity xor education in planning short cuts In every Industry, are em phasized by the predictions made by students of the situation that there not only will be a shortage of labor after the war. but that there is likely to be a complete change in the direc tion of immigration. This brings the problem home to the United States, which in recent years has been wel coming new people to Its shores at the rate of a million a year or more. There are grave doubts whether this will be resumed. These doubts will be com pletely resolved If there should result from the war an extensive reform in labor and land conditions In the old world. Frederick C. Howe, United States Commissioner of Immigration, believes that there will be a big demand for men all over the world and that It will not be confined to the countries devastated by war. He foresees a re vival of Industry in Mexico, as well as in Canada. Indeed, he says he would not be surprised if instead of receiving large numbers of new immi grants, the United States did not lose several hundred thousand emigrants, who will return to their former homes if conditions are favorable to them there. "Should Europe adopt a com prehensive land policy on the one hand and Canada on the other," he says, "it is quite possible athat the United States will be confronted with a permanent shortage of labor and that immigrants will leave this coun try as they already have done for Canada and for Europe as well." The undetermined factor In all cal culations Is the measure that will be forced upon the belligerent nations to pay the debts incurred in the course of an exhausting war, and the conse quent rate of taxation upon industry of every kind. No one has yet thought of repudiation, although' the end is not yet in sight, but it is conceiv able that efforts will be made to extend payment over a great num ber of years. The lighter the burden is made, the better will be the pros pect of keeping the people at home and finding profitable work for them: Russia already is on the verge of re forming its land laws on a basis that may invite immigrants from Central Europe who recently have been com ing to the United States. Vast areas now under Turkish rule would Invite settlement under different conditions England will hardly return to the old system of leaving great areas untitled. And if there is still an overflow, the tropical colonies now In the Jap of the god of battles are practically un touched. The lesson to Americans is that they must increase productive power by every means possible that does not depend upon human labor. We are more than likely to experience a short age of men. We may even be com pelled to dispense with certain non essentials, but we are certain to need every ounce of individual productive capacity we have. Great will be the reward If we succeed in solving the problem, but there will be nothing In It for any of us if we lag behind. We are soon to enter on a new era, and it is necessary that every man, in every occupation, should absorb the spirit of doing his best. OCR I1KGILAR ARMY HETf, The "tin" Is taken out of the Ore gon National Guard by the order that assimilates It Into the regular Army. There will be nothing better In the service. The Third Oregon, the bat tery and the horse-troop units are made up of the best of young Oregon manhood. They have held up well under restraint of what may be termed police duty and now, with the pros pect of foreign service, all are ready for the real work of war. Oregon 13 not sad to see the boys go. Rather, she Is proud. She recalls the First Oregon of half a century ago, the Second Oregon that most of us remember as companions, and the record It made in the Philippines, and she looks for greater deeds and bigger glory for the Third Oregon In the older continent. The regular Army Is a grand insti tution, and it's going to be a big bit grander when the Oregon National Guard has been absorbed. The Third and the complementary companies and troops will not lose their Identity at home, no matter what regimental designation may e, and their doings will be the" part of the morning news to which Oregonlans will turn. Oregon ha-3 said "Au revolrl" Its next work is to plan the Christmas boxes, and there will be one or more for every Oregon soldier. FAIR WARNING. Emma Goldman complains that she and her companion, Berkman, were convicted because they were anar chists. Probably she stated the ap proximate truth, or at least correctly Interpreted the underlying grounds of society's Just grievance against her and her kind. She is a stormy petrel of discontent, disorder and violence and dissatisfaction with the estab lished, order, whatever the order Is. It is impossible for a mind and spirit like the Goldman woman's to be har monized with any scheme of govern ment or any rule of life. She is an outlaw, temperamentally, intellectual ly and morally. She has done a great deal of harm in her long career In America. She has been treated with extreme tolerance, and she has abused It grossly. Now she finds that the Nation which has protected her pro poses, first of all, to protect Itself. It Is no time now to deal leniently with the Goldmans and the Berkmans, or with any of the voices of treason and lawlessness which may now be raised throughout the land. The Berk man man and the Goldman woman get two years In a Federal prison b cause they publicly proclaimed a propaganda against conscription and sought to persuade men not to enlist. They denied it, and In denying it gave the lie to persistent and notorious rec ords of defiance of law, contempt of authority and advocacy of anarchy. But a Jury found them guilty in forty short minutes, because they were guilty, of particular criminal acts, and doubtless because they were properly regarded as Individual menaces to the public safety. There are other public nuisances who ought to find in the Goldman Berkman convictions full and fair warning. The temper of the United States which means the Government, which also means the people is quite sensitive. There are those such as the I. W. W. who may well profit by the Goldman-Berkman example. EXTENDING THE GARY SYSTEM. The so-called "Gary system" won noteworthy victory the other day when the Board of Estimate of New Tork approved a recommendation of its committee on education that $1,633,' 829 be appropriated for further ex perimentation in the New Tork schools during the coming year. This was done after a bitter fight. In which. It Is to be feared, too much venom was exhibited to make for the judicial calmness with which educational questions ought to be considered, but it was made clear that the method Is to have a thorough test as a means of extending the efficiency of schools now compelled to run on part time, and of Increasing the function of the school in Its relation to the life of the city. ' New Tork resolved on making the Gary experiment about three years ago, when it turned over several schools In Manhattan borough to Pro fessor Wirt for the working out of his ideas. The system contemplates the co-ordination of work and play, and of classroom and workshop. Un der Professor Wirt in New Tork It has provided for a school day of eight periods of fifty minutes each, divided into two groups of four periods each. The classes are arranged with a view of keeping the classrooms and school accessories, such as gymnasiums and workshops, in constant use. Support ers contend that it not only reduces the number of teachers needed, but reduces the per capita cost of build ings and maintenance and also, which is far more Important, increases the interest of the pupil In his school work. Parents who are puzzled over the supervision of their children in their home hours an especially se rious problem in overcrowded districts are said also to be greatly helped. The amount just appropriated In New Tork, while It will seem large to the average city, is trivial by compari son with the total of $47,404,255 al lowed for 1917 In the budget estimate for ''educational and recreational" purposes in the greater city. The formal appropriation just made is for altering old buildings, buying new sites and constructing new buildings, but the president of the Board of Edu cation has frankly admitted that it Is intended to use the money to pro vide workshops, auditoriums, kitchens and playgrounds, with Intent to edu cate the hands and senses of the chll dren. The spirit of the opposition is contained In the declaration of one of the leaders, who punningly said that the new plan ought to be called the "vagary system," and added: "By putting a little workshop in a school they expect to Jolly the people into thinking that pupils are getting voca tlonal training." The charge, however, that It is de sired to create even a deceptive ap- pearance of vocational training does not do justice to those who make a sharp distinction between vocational training, as such, and "pre-vocational" teaching a distinction that is also a difference. This was brought out In Illinois some years ago, when the fight between the "dual" and the "unit" systems was at its height, and Mrs. Ella Flagg Young, now in Portland as a distinguished member of the Na tional Education Association, pointed out In one of her reports: The difference between the pre-vocatlonal classes and that proposed by the manufac turers ilea not in the degree of akin re quired, but In the appeal to the spirit. When the fourteen to alxteen-yeax-old chil dren of the working claasea are cut off from everything In education except that which bears directly upon shop work, the life, the character of the American work man will lose the stimulus that comes through the humanities. All our classes pre-vocatlonal, apprentice and vocational are breathing the breath of life In schools where skill and science are well taught; not. however, for personal or trade ends only, but in an atmosphere In which an Indus trial oareer la dignified as an element In the social movement of the American peo ple. The "pre-vocatlonal glimpse," which it is proposed to give the young stu dent while developing skill and broad ening the outlook of the mind, runs counter to the anti-cultural theory by which all energies would be di rected, from the earliest beginning, and to all education devoted and every device employed to advance the pupil in the trade chosen for him. It raises the old question, also, whether the purely vocational method does. In deed, result In superior efficiency of the individual. The notion that time is "wasted" that is not expended in fitting oneself for a particular calling has suffered a setback owing to the rapidity with which rad ical industrial changes are brought about In a modern world. The crafts man of one idea, or too few ideas, is not always able to keep up with the procession. This is worth considering because it indicates a glaring defect of the ultra-vocational Idea on the purely utilitarian s'ide, which it repre sents. There Is, too, the question to be con sidered whether, even if it did pro mote the highest ultimate vocational efficiency, and that alone. It would be worth while. We need Industrial effi ciency, and we ought not to belittle it, but we also need broad cultivation of the mind and the spirit, for our own highest happiness and good of our fellow-men. ENOtTGH, BUT NONE TO WASTE. Crop prospects are better, but wheat production will be so far below our requirements that the wheatless day will still be morally, obligatory. Hap pily, the outlook Is that we shall have abundant corn, oats and barley, to say nothing of rice, to substitute for wheat in various forms. As for potatoes. with a prospective Increase of more than 60 per cent aside from the prod uct o millions of home gardens, we Bhou)w be able to smother the Ger mans with potato chips. If nature should be ever so kind until the last crop is safely in the barn, the world will have none to spare, and the chief burden of feed ing It will fall upon Uncle Sam's shoulders. If Mr. Hoover should be given the broadest powers and should exercise them with the utmost wis dom, he will still find use for every bushel and must apportion Bupplles of every staple with great care, that all may have enough. He will be re quired to organize a great machine of willing workers who, must whip the unwilling into line, and every day's delay lets much food slip beyond his control. Although wordy Senators dread Hoover's control, the people long to escape from the grip of the specu lator into the arms of Hoover, and they wait with angry Impatience for the boresome Senate to talk itself dry. The young man who sought a de cree the other day because his meals were not ready on time and his bed not made in the morning Is a real wonder to old married men who learn by this that they have had a grievance for years and have thrived upon It. Moses Alexander may be thinking of the lamented Steunenberg when he declines to use force in handling the I. W. W., but he will lose out In gen tleness and general "fooling" with them. Former Ambassador Gerard resigns while the going is good. He can ac quire no greater honors than fell upon him In his conduct of the mission to Germany during two years of trying times. The state of Washington Is hanging to the hope of more booze in an un dignified way. To be "bone dry" In dicates a healthy condition, as shown In Oregon. The Kaiser Implies a threat of war if the Scandinavian states discontinue supplies, but It Is mere bluff. Ger many has all the enemy now that it can fight. If the increase of 26 cents per fish wanted by the fishermen could be taken from the price the consumer pays, nobody would object. Fifty more recruits are needed in the Third Oregon and there's a great chance for the young fellow who Just knows he'll be drafted. With decease of the Northwestern League, the Seattle fans are Invited to come down in a body occasionally and see real ball. When the 2000 6aloons close in Chi cago a lot of swampers will be out of work, not to mention bartenders and bruisers. General Scott evidently considers it well worth while to travel half way around the world just to see the Rus sians fight. Colonel Green gave his bride SS25. 000 for a wedding present and it is to be hoped will not ask her how she spends it. Visiting educators express pleasure at the way they have been received, but that's merely the Portland way. Women's bathing suits cost more than men's sometimes because they cover more, also sometimes. Hetty Green's son may miss a great joy, marrying too late to romp with grandchildren. Work In the laundry at Jefferson City will take the conceit out of Emma Goldman. A -telephone pole is at hand for the man caught firing a gralnfleld. How to Keep WelL By Dr. XV. A. Eraaa Questlona pertinent to hvs-lene. sanitation and prevention of diaease. if matters of gen eral interest, will be answered in this col umn. Where apace will not permit or the aubject is not suitable, letters will be per sonally answered, subject to proper limtta- ituus anu wnere Bumped aaaressea envelops Is Inclosed. Dr. Evans will not make diagno- aia or preacrlbe for individual diseases. Be quests lor such services cannot be answered. (Copyright. 118. by Dr. W. A, Evans Published by arrangement witn the Chicago Tribune.) SENSIBLE! BABT CTEKDINO. D1 R. VAEDBN contributes to the Bouthern Medical Journal a num ber of aenBlble Ideas on simple points in baby feeding;. First, he tells ui what we have been told so many times before that very much the bast food for a baby Is mother's milk, and that no mother Is Justified in weaning her baby until It Is reasonably certain that her milk la disagreeing and that cow's milk will agree better. Even If it is necessary to wean the baby the mother should supply aa much milk as she can and aa long aa she can. Even when only a few ounces of milk can be drawn during - the day nursing should be kept up. He says: "Human milk in the small est amounts Is helpful to the child for digestion and nutrition." Sometimes the mother whose milk aupply has seemed to fall under worry will be re established when, having given a few bottles of modified milk with success, her worry subsides. If cow's milk la to be used It is prob ably best to boll It or at least to pas teurize It Rarely la the use of raw milk permissible In the Bouthern states in the Bummer, Fall and late Spring. In the discussion of Dr. Varden'a pa per two-thirds of the eminent physi cians participating agreed with the statement that cow's milk ahould either be boiled or pasteurized. The great objection to the use of boiled milk la the fact that It produces u mild form of scurvy. This can be prevented by giving orange juloe, prune Juice, apple Juioe or potato. If necessary the use of orange juice can be begun before the baby is one month of age. While orange Juice is probably the best preventive of scurvy, either of the fruit' juices mentioned (or potatoes for older children) can be substituted with satisfactory re sults. Dr. Varden does not put lime water in the diluted milk unless there la a special reason for doing so. This Is the prevailing practice now. The old custom of putting lime water In baby's milk has been discontinued. When a baby la transferred from the breast to the bottle the milk mixture should be less rich than that given for the age. For Instance, a 6-months-old baby should be put on a formula prop er for a 4-months-old baby, or a 16- pound baby on one suited to a 10 or 12-pound baby. When the weather gets hot the rich ness and the quantity of the milk mix ture should be cut down. The amount of sugar can be lessened with advan tage, since sugar is a source of heat. The proportion of fat can be lessened. Blnce fat produces heat. In fact It may be advisable for a Bhort while during very hot weather to use skim milk or fresh buttermilk Instead of whole sweet milk In making the mixture. No milk should be fed to a baby un less It Is fresh, clean and cold. Baby's milk must be kept below 50, and, bet ter still, below 45. Oedema. S. G. E. writes: "What are the causes of swollen eyelids and a baglike swell ing under the eyes, and Is there a cure for it? I have had this trouble for sev eral years." REPLY. This Is an early appearing form of oedema. It Is probable that you have albumin In your urine either constantly or lntermlt- tlngly. Some old or prematurely old people are flabby around the eyes Just aa they are flabby elsewhere. Right living is the pre ventive for pufflnesa around the eyes. Where It Is due to lack of tone In the akin, exer cise, cold baths and massage of neighbor ing akin la of some service in some cases. Color Blindness. N. V. L. writes I "Will you please publish In your "How to Keep Well' column Just what color blindness is? What colors cannot be distinguished? Is It a very serious malady?" REPLY. Color blindness Is a condition In whloh the eyes are unable to distinguish eolor. In total color blindness no colors can be differentiated. All colors appear to be gray. In partial color blindness some one or more colors cannot be recognised. The most fre quent variety la color bllndneaa for red. Green color blindness is second in order of frequency. In color blindness for red and green these colors appear black or gray. About one-twenty-fifth of men and one-four-hundredth of women are partly color blind. In many Instances partial color blindness is inherited, it may be due to accident or dis ease or the use of tobacco. Consult Physician. T. J. B. writes: "I took an examina tion for the naval coast defense and was rejected for leaking heart. I would like to know If I have to eat certain foods. If drinking and smoking are harmful, and heavy work. Will a per son live long? I am 30 years old. Would a couple of miles a day be all right walking?" REPLY. I would advise you to see a physician and have him lay down diet and exercise for you. You should stop tobacco and alcohol. Your handwriting shows that you have a tremor. Since you are only SO. this is prob ably due to tobacco and alcohol. Not Hla Name. Youth's Companion. In Dublin a zealous policeman caught a cab driver In the act of driving reck lessly. The ofTicer stopped him and sad: "What's yer name?" "Ye'd better try and find out," said the driver peevishly. "Sure, and I will." said the police man, as he went round to the aide of the cab where the name ought to have been painted; but the letters had been rubbed off. ' "Aha!" tried the officer, "now ye'll git yersel' Into worse disgrace than ever. Yer name seems to be oblither ated." "You're wrong!" shouted the driver triumphantly. " 'Tis O'Sullivanl" The Destroyer svt 'Work. The Lamb. "Judging from the looks of those tires you must have Just completed a 1000-mile trip." "It's not that; my 3-year-old son baa been playing about the car." Some at Hla Gold Mines. , The Lamb. "He's a great explorer." Yd like to have him try to find some of the goVd mlnea In which I have invested money." PATRIOTIC NOTE IS GRATIFYING N. E. A. In Position e Be ef Great Service to the Nation. PORTLAND. July 10. (To the Edi tor.) I am proud to know that a sen timent of patriotism and that of Ameri canism are to be emphasized in all the deliberations of the N. E. A at present in session In our city. We welcome them here and can as sure them that the people of this com monwealth appreciate to the fullest ex tent thla most commendable effort of the most Influential organisation along educational llnea In the world, to safe guard our free institutions by cleans ing the fountain head of our National ism from the impurities of false ideas and a mistaken overzealousness of a "peace at any price" policy. We welcome them, for we fully real ize the great responsibilities resting upon them as molders of public senti ment and of publlo activities. They come from every section of our great Nation representing its diversified ed ucational Interests. We welcome them for offering the greatest opportunity for Interchanging ideas and experiences, without which our efforts in trying to reach a higher standard of citizenship would be blunt ed, which would naturally lead to a Selfish sectionalism. In reviewing the past of nations we find that same spirit of belligerency existing whenever Individual or na tional rights are assailed. The psy chological effect of this Invasion of human rights ia resentment. It thus becomes a National duty to prepare for this emergency. When all reasonable diplomacy falls, then a resort to arma is the only al ternative. Under our form of Govern ment war must be declared by the peo ple, not by any one person or organiza tion. An International peace commis sion would be powerleaa against publlo sentiment If National honor had been outraged. The present war haa proved this beyond a doubt. The N. E. A can be of great service to the Nation by advocating reasonable preparedness, personal sacrifice if necessary for National defense. Na tional efficiency and a patriotism that will insure ua against National dls- aeter. M. L. PRATT. MINIS OWNER COMPARED TO I. W. W. Writer Sugg-eats His Attitude, Too, MlK-ht Be ProGerman. PORTLAND, July 10. (To the Ed ltor.) In face of the well-known die turn that "comparisons are odious," I am moved to place side by side three recent newspaper Items. First The article, prominently placed and blackly head-lined, to the effect that since the I. W. W.a persist In fo menting strikes and therefore In delay ing production, at this time of critical National need, grave suspicions are aroused that German capital -Is back of this disloyalty. Second A less conspicuous Item an nounclng that Miss Rankin, representa tlve from Montana, finds her conference with Secretary McAdoo and AsaiBtant Becretary Crosby, in her crusade for shorter hours and better pay for the women employes In the bureau or TJrintlng. "most unsatisfactory," and that Assistant Secretary Crosby "thinks Miss Rankin overlooks the fact that it is war work on which the bureau is en gaged and that her agitation might de lay" thla Third A very modest little para graph with comments by no one. stat ing that ex-Senator Clark, one of the larsrest mine owners at uutte, met uot eminent mediators in the strike trouble with the assertion that before he would consent to hold any dealings with the newly-formed miners' union, he would flood every mine under his control and never take out anotner ounce oi ore. Isn't it lust possible that the ex-Sen n tor has overlooked the fact that such n attitude on his part might tend to delay production at this critical moment in the life of nis country t nou'u be Justified, do you think, in calling to his attention the grave suspicions which mav well be arousea mat uer nTi cnnital and German Influence are, in some secret and invidloua fashion, at work to undermine his patriotism r MABEL RUN D ALL. If there Is any legitimate comparison to be made between a widely organized effort to foment strikes, destroy prop erty, prevent others from working and obstruct the raising of an army on the one hand and an isolated, well-inten tioned error, or an Individual mine own er's plain bluff on the other hand, there will be few, we fancy, other than the correspondent, who can discover it. Prophet Without Honor. Touth'a Companion. Although Thomaa Hardy, the famous vine-iiBh novelist, has uvea for so ions ir. T-inrKetshire. England, among the very scenes that he has depicted eo ioallv in his books, he Is of such a retiring and modest disposition that his fame la unknown to a number of the quiet country folk wno live in nn vicinity. There la an amusing story of an en thusiastic admirer who visited Dorset shire and approached an old lady whom he found sitting outside her cottage ilnnr "Mr. Hardy Uvea near here, doesn't Via?" he lnauired. "Which Mr. Hardy?" asked the old vi'dmn n. whv. Mr. Thomaa Hardy, wno writes books," replied the astonished pilgrim. "Oh, I know naugnt aoout mm. saia, the woman, "but there be a Hardy near by that rears grand pigs!' Descent of Property. MMINNVTLLE. Or., July 9. (To the Editor.) Please state If mortgages are oersonal property and in case man holdlne mortgagee dies do the mort- a-acres fall to the wife, there being no children- but sisters ana orotnera oi the man. A aays they become property of wife. B contends wife does not in herlt all personal property. XBKXE3 THUMAB. Mortgages are personal property. In Oregon they go to the wife. In the ab sence of a will, upon the husband's death. If there are no children, even though he may have brothers and sis ters living. Mr Young's Church Affiliations. PORTLAND. July 10. (To the Edl tor.) In Mrs. Klla Flagg Young Roman Catholic? If not, what church does she belong to? SUBSCRIBER. Mrs. Young'a parenta were Presby terians. Her own religious views were always liberal, for, though she classed herself as a Presbyterian, she followed David Swing In his formation of the Central Church In Chicago. (Quotation Is Identified. PORTLAND. July 10. (To the Edl tor.) Can you tell me the source of the following: "Breathes there a man with soul ao dead. Who never to himself hath said This is my own my native land.' " ' FRANK S. PAT HAM. Sir Walter Bcott, Minstrel," "Lay of the Last In Front of Oar Trench. Harper's Weekly. "This war," said the first soldier. "will last a long time yet. Our com pany baa planted rosebushes in front of our trench. "Oh. you Jolly optimist!" cried th second soldier. "We've planted acorna in front of oural" In Other Days. Twenty-five Tears) Ago. "From The Oregonlan of July 11. 1S92.) Portland was visited last night by one of the largest conflagrations she has seen In years. The fire broke out on Sixth street, near the comer of Washi ngton, and almost an entire block was veled to the ground. A terrible accident occurred on the cable road to Portland Heights last night, which is likely to result in the death of one or more persons. A car ran away down the steep hill and turned over, injuring a number of passengers. New cars for the Waverly end Wood stock division are being made out of the norse cars formerly used on the lines on both sides of the river. One large coach is made out of two of the smaller ones. A stroll through the City Park on Sunday will convince anyone that there is no more beautiful spot In the uburbs of Portland. Its green trees. beautiful flowera and sparkling foun tains give rest to the weary eye and relief to the worn-out nerves. Plana for the union passenger sta tion are about completed and the architect may be expected here before long. Half a Century Ago. (From The Oregonlan of July 11, ISflT.) New York. A special from Paris aaya the grand military review in honor of the Sultan, which was to have taken place on the 4th, was counter manded on account of the death of Maximilian. The grand celebration of the Americana on the Fourth was abandoned for the same reason. A man named Nichols haa lately ex hibited at Canyonville, Douglas County, gold and silver-bearing quartz, which, he said, was found on Cow Creek, In that county. The Albany Journal has hoisted the ramee of Schuyler Colfax for President und George H. Williams for Vice President. The Sentinel still sticks to General Grant, but names no one for Vice-President. The finding of huge tusks and bones on Missouri Gulch last week disclosed the fact that some remains of the aame kind were known at Phoenix. Thla ia the third locality in Southern Oregon in which bones of these antediluvian monstere have been found. At a meeting of the stockboldere of the Oregon Iron Works, held yesterday evening. It was unanimously deoided to rebuild the plant recently burned down. HOUSEHOLD IS WELL ORGANIZED Portland Suburbanite Has Affairs on Beneficial War Bnsls. PORTLAND, July 9. (To the Ed itor.) I have a friend who has organ ized hla household on a war baata. This la how it is done: His family oon- slsts of himself, his wife and two sons. They reside in one of the outside addi tions, in the city limits. His two sons are in the service of Uncle Sam one In the artillery and one In th engineer ing department. He has a large house too large for two people,' so he has rented the house furnished, except two rooms which he and his wife occupy. He gets $35 a month from his tenant. He has purchased a cow to eat the nne clover that grows on surrounding lots and he'has put up nearly enough hay around his house to carry him through the Winter. He sells 60 cents worth of Cream a day. He has 100 by 100 In po tatoes and other garden crops. The money he receives from rent and from cream and what he saves in fuel and other household expenses he la putting: into liberty bonds. His wife puts In her time at Red Cross work. His spare time from his ofrlce, morn ings and evenings, he puts in caring for his cow and growing crops. What chance would the Raiser have if we all organized ourselves as well aa my frifend? R. M. TUTTLE. Draft Exemption Process. ASTORIA Or.. July 9. (To the Edi tor.) (1) Can you give me any in formation as to when and where affi davits for draft exemptions must be made? (2) Are seafaring men exempt? - MRS. S. H. (1) Claim to be discharged must be made on a form furnished by the local board In the county or division of the person making the claim. Such claim must be filed with the local board on or before the seventh day after the mailing by the local board of the no tice required to be given such person of his having been called for service. Any statement on the registration card of any person that discharge Is claimed is not sufficient. Affidavits muat be filed within 10 days after the filing of clatm of discharge. (2) Mariners actually employed In the sea service of any citizen or mer chant within the United States are subject to discharge upon making claim and affidavit, provided the claim be pubstantiated in the opinion of the local board. The claimant must file an affidavit signed by his employer stating that such person is, la his opinion, necessary to the adequate and effective operation of the sea service in which the person is employed, describ ing the particular sea service operated, and cannot be replaced by another per son without substantial, material losa of efficiency In the operation of such sea service. Insanity and Divorce. RAINIER. Or., July 9. (To the Edi tor.) (1) Please tell me which Btates, If any, regard insanity as sufficient grounda for divorce. (2) Do the laws of Oregon or Washington require an applicant for divorce to reside in the state for any specified length of time before making such application? A L. CURTIS. (1) Pennsylvania and Idaho; also Washington, Georgia and Utah, If per manent. Marriage may be annulled in Virginia, West Virginia, Mississippi or Iowa if insanity existed at time of marriage, and in such case marriage is void in Wyoming. Insanity is ground for divorce In Maine under certain lim itations, and it Is ground for annulment in North Dakota and District of Colum bia, (2) One year. Exemption of Household Furniture. PORTLAND, July 10. (To the Edi tor.) Please tell me if household fur niture or piano can be attached or sold for debt or where a judgment has been secured. G. II. Household furniture if owned by a householder and In actual use or kept for use by and for his family to the value of $300 la exempt from execu tion; also books, pictures and musical instruments owned "by any person to the value of $75. But no article is exempt from execution for the purchase price. To obtain exemption property must be selected and reserved by the Judgment debtor at the time of levy or aa soon thereafter before Bale there of as the 'Same shall be known to him. 4-