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THE 3IORXTXG OREGONIAN, SATURDAY, JTTLT 7, 1917.
PORTLAND, OREOOJ.
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PORTLAND, SATURDAY, JTXT 7, 1917.
THE X. K. A.
It 13 worthy of note that the call,
Issued sixty-one years ago lor the or
ganization of a general association, out
of which has grown the National Edu
cation Association of today, set forth
its purpose to "advance the dignity,
respectability and usefulness of the
teaching profession," and to develop
the science of teaching by "distributing
among all the accumulated experience
of all."
In this platform Is comprehended
the high aim that has marked the
profession of teaching ever since uni
versal education in America became
a model for the world. Details of
method and of polity, however Impor
tant to the technician, pale into insig
nificance by comparison with the
spirit that pervades teaching, the es
sential acceptance by the teacher of
the profession as & sacred trust, and
withal of the dominance of the sense
of patriotism. The great growth of
the National Education Association
has given evidence of that co-operation
without which few things vastly
worth while are accomplished now
adays, and is proof that the plan of
distributing among all the accumu
lated experience of all Is succeeding
and is still in favor.
"With 2 0,000,000 children enrolled In
the common schools of the country,
the importance of the teacher as a
factor moral, and Industrial, and
civil, and spiritual In the develop
ment of the Nation cannot be over
estimated. If we were called upon
to dispense with very profession in
the land except one. It Is certain that
the profession, of teaching would be
spared. It is the foundation of pretty
much everything In our present civil
ization that makes Qfe worth while.
PAYING FOB OtTR WHISTLE.
Those who, realizing that It Is cost
ing us more and more to be governed
as the years run on and are Inclined
to find fault with conditions, will ob
tain enlightenment If not comfort in
a lecture recently delivered by Comp
troller Prendergast. of New York, on
the extension of municipal activities
In the last few years and their effect
on municipal expenditures. Great
er New Tork will have been in ex
istence Just two decades when the
present year is completed, and the
comptroller Is therefore able to make
some valuable comparisons by four
year periods.
They show that the cost of city
government Is far outstripping In
crease In population, but also that this
is not due so much to higher costs
in the established departments as to
the Institution of entirely new meas
ures and an enlarged sense of the
social duty of the city toward Its peo
ple. In other words, the experience
of New Tork, which ia conservatively
typical of other cities of the country,
shows that we are simply paying for
our whistle. Whether the price is too
high or not still depends upon the
point of view of the Individual.
While appropriations for all mu
nicipal purposes for the greater city
in the first four-year period men
tioned were $365,861,193, and for the
four-year period which includes the
present year were $815,5 35,637, an
increase of $449,634,442. or $123.91
per cent, the increase of population
was only 62.46 per cent. The per
capita increase in the cost of city
government was from $26.84 to $36.83.
But while the appropriation for all
purposes was double the increase of
population, for education and recre
ation alone it was three times as
great.
The schools evidently profited by
the increases, however. They got
greater attendance, which, if our
school system is what we pretend it
to be, was worth something. There
are smaller classes now, which pre
sumably means better education for
the child, although there may be ex
ceptional cases. New studies have
been added, not all of which, it is
said, are "fads"; and the teachers
have won better pay. The broaden
ing of the scope of education has been
truly remarkable. There are now
special classes for overage .pupils, for
the backward, the non-English speak
ing and the mentally and physically
defective. There are not only voca
tional classes, but "rrevocational"
ones. Attendance at kindergartens
has increased 1014 per cent.
Then there are the libraries, the
per capita expenditure for which has
increased from $.068 to $.24. And
recreation, which the people must
have, in recognition of the adage that
all work and no play makes Jack a
dull boy. Appropriations for parks
and museums Increased from slightly
more than $6,800,000 to more than
$13,600,000. New Items contributed
largely to the Increase. Now art and
natural history museums are regard
ed as necessities, as well as zoologi
cal gardens, music, more playgrounds,
public baths and comfort stations.
The people want them, it appears, and
It's the people who pay.
In health measures, in sanitation.
In the care of dependents, in miscel
laneous charities, in hospitals and in
work for the welfare of children, there
has been wonderful progress, too, en
tailing, of course, increases in ex
penditures. This Increase in New
Tork has "been from $47,000,000 In
round figures in the first four-year
period to $119,000,000 in the last
four years. But the city has many
items in the budget to show for the
difference. There are social Investi
gations, for one thing, and an ambu
lance service that picks up the in
jured and sick In any part of the
city and whisks them to the hospital
I In a jiffy. There ia a. farm colony
for the indigent aged. Children are
being placed in private homes, rather
than in institutions for care and train
ing. There is an "out-patient" de
partment of Bellevue Hospital. Pro
vision is made for the special care of
children having tuberculosis of the
bones, joints and glands.
These are only glimpses of the ac
tivities in which the city is engaged
and which were mostly not even
thought of twenty years ago. It is
true, also, that the number of de
pendents cared for as city charges has
increased rapidly with the facilities of
caring for them. But this may not
be due to increased tendency toward
pauperism. It may be that under the
old system not all of the deserving
ones received attention.
It does not cost much more to fur
nish "protection to life and property"
than it used to. That is to say, the
fire and police departments are on
nearly the same per capita basis as
of old, and it is worth noting that
the cost of legal advice, per capita,
has gone up only a few cents. These
are the staples, as it were, of city
government. The outstanding feature
of Mr. Prendergast's figures is that
for most of the increase the people
are getting something they did not
receive before. The luxuries of yes
terday continue to become the neces
sities of today. People cry for gen
eral economy, but oppose each sepa
rate stroke of the ax. Which of the
new municipal enterprises undertaken
by Greater New York, for example,
would they be willing to do without 7
A FEAST.
The intention of Portland in build
ing a great auditorium was to identify
it with large affairs, representative of
its enterprise and expressive of its
spirit. It Is a happy augury for the
future of the auditorium in the life
of the community in all Its phases
educational, cultural, musical, social,
political, professional, commercial
that the first musical festival held
within its walls should have been so
distinguished a success.
There are some among us who have
doubted the value of the auditorium.
They have thought that the money
might better have been spent other
wise, or not at all. Have we not a
plethora of theaters and public halls?
Have we not Multnomah Field and
other such spaces for great outdoor
exercises and ceremonies? Have we
not an abundance of beautiful parks
and playgrounds, fit for recreation and
for a variety of entertainments? Have
we not the Rose Festival to show the
world what Portland has4n floral and
decorative beauty? Have we not many
other assets to occupy the serious and
beguile the idle?
Well, yes. 5ut we have had no
public possession, such as the stadium
at Tacoma, which should be pecu
liarly Portland's own among North
west cities. We have had no home
for great spectacles or for pop
ular assemblies or for large conven
tions. Before this time a musical fes
tival on an adequate scale was im
possible. It is hardly too much to
say that the brilliant success of the
present festival Justifies the audi
torium. Does anyone recall another
event wherein all the elements and
groups which were working in their
own respective ways to make living
in Portland more worth while Joined
hands so heartily and so efficiently?
' Let us congratulate the sponsors of
the festival for their fine conception
and Its marvelous fruition; and let
us be grateful to the many participants
that they have contributed to so rich
and generous a feast.
SERIOUS BUSINESS.
The purported draft numbers cir
culated in Portland the other day had
their origin either in a misunderstand
ing or in the feeble mind of some prac
tical joker. It is possible that assign
ment of numbers to all registered men
preliminary to selection of some of
them may have been honestly misin
terpreted. On the other hand, there
are beings who delight in spreading
rumors that might annoy, embarrass
or alarm, and they may have seen
opportunity in the Impending selection
to gratify an abnormal tendency.
If the lists were offered as a prac
tical Joke, the Joker engaged in a
dangerous and disturbing business. He
deserves to be punished severely, and
there is ample law to do it, if he can
be apprehended.
But it is well to remind the public
that selections for military service
when made and ready for announce
ment will be news of unusual impor
tance. Sixty-odd thousand men in
Oregon are personally Interested
therein. Several times as many rela
tives and friends will be anxious to
know who is to be taken.
It is not now known how this in
formation will be formally conveyed
to the selected men or given to the
public. But clearly It will not be
through bulletins said to have come
in a private dispatch and posted in
some cigar store. When announce
ment is made it will bear the stamp
of genuineness on its face.
Meanwhile, local cutups, if they
think at all, will remember that war is
a serious business.
DEArrrxo aliens.
A novel and Intricate situation is
presented by the effort made in Con
gress to enter into diplomatic nego
tiations with the governments of our
allies for the inclusion of their sub
jects in the coming draft for our own
Army. Representative Rogers, of
Massachusetts, author of a resolution
having this purpose in view, estimates
that there are perhaps 1,000,000 of
these men, of military age, in the
country, who undoubtedly would be
subject to duty If they were at home,
and who are at present enjoying the
protection of the American -flag. They
are not now subject to service of any
kind, but will step into positions made
vacant by American citizens who go to
war to fight for the principles held In
common by their countries and ours.
The legal status of these aliens is
dependent upon the consent of their
own governments to their inclusion in
our own fighting forces. Some of our
allies f.s Italy do not recognize the
right of their citizens to expatriate
themselves, and hold them forever
bound to their obligations to the
fatherland. It Is believed, however,
that these governments would be will
ing to waive control over them in the
larger interests of the war, without
abandoning the basic principle. Per
mission to recruit them openly for
foreign service would probably be
given, in any event.
Representative Rogers says that "it
makes no difference whether these
aliens 'do their bit in their own
countries or in the United States," but
that It Is Intolerable that they should
escape scot-free. The Importance of
the projected negotiations lfes In the
fact that if all the aliens of allied
origin who registered but are now ex
empt were made subject to the call,
they would reduce the liability of the
individual registered American by
about 10 per cent. And they would
make good soldiers, almost without
exception.
OPPORTUNISTS.
There is not complete evidence that
all the determined effort to have total
prohibition incorporated in the food
control bill is actuated by sincere be
lief that prohibition is a military
necessity.
War has provided a device for the
opportunists those who are quick to
discern a psychological moment for
pressing some issue foreign to the sub
ject. If prohibition is now a distinctly
military issue, it is not necessary to
delay the food-control bill, while dis
cussion of the character or quality of
prohibition Is prolonged. There is no
legal restraint upon its adoption as a
separate measure.
But conservation of food has given
the professional prohibitionist an al
luring argument. Because it is allur
ing he is not willing to surrender it.
The logical course of putting prohi
bition as an emergency food conserva
tion measure in the hands of the Pres
ident does not appeal to the oppor
tunist. War Is offering a vehicle for other
agitation by persons wrapped up In
their own ideas of proper internal
economic policies. Wo find the single
taxers, for example, out In new cloth
ing. They are sending out reams of
printed propaganda urging adoption of
single tax as a war measure. But It
may be said for them that they have
not yet succeeded in holding up Con
gress. There are, too, the professional
equal suffragists. Granting of the
electoral privilege to women is now
advanced as a war measure. The
feeble argument that we cannot con
sistently spread the enlightenment of
democracy to benighted countries until
women share in our own Government
equally with men meets the Congress
man at every corner.
Opportunists all. We still need a
little better unity in supporting the
President in the serious business of
prosecuting a great war.
PROOF OF DEMOCRATIC EFFICUEXCY.
Rapid progress is being made In ap
plying the resources of the country to
the production of war material. Six
weeks ago the Government needed 60,
000,000 yards of duck for tents, motor
truck coverings, leggings, haversacks
and other purposes. Existing duck
mills could only have turned out 20,
000,000 yards before January, but the
committee on supplies induced manu
facturers of other textiles to convert
their plants into duck mills. Then a
shortage of yarn appeared, and the
committee sought to place contracts
for 16,000,000 pounds. A yarn com
mittee was formed, which undertook
to meet the needs of the duck mills.
Another move of the same kind has
been made in regard to Lewis machine
guns. An order was given for 4000 re
chambered for American ammunition,
tests of this type of gun having
shown only eleven stoppages for 22,
000 rounds fired. Several hundred
more Lewis guns, chambered for Brit
ish ammunition, have also been or
dered, to be Installed on training air
planes. The muzzle velocity of the
American cartridge Is 2700 feet per
second against 2 300 feet for the Brit
ish cartridge. The one factory can
now turn out 1600 guns a month, but
its capacity Is soon to be Increased to
2000, and a further Increase is ex
pected through farming out to other
manufacturers contracts for parts to
be assembled at the main factory.
Though late In starting, the United
States is giving proof of a democracy's
efficiency in equipping Itself for war,
which will take the wind out of Ger
man boasts.
WAR TO GERMANIZE THE WORLD.
One of the most sinister facts about
the German policy of conquest is that
it does not stop with acquiring sover
eignty over alien peoples. It alms to
transfer the property of conquered
territory to German hands. That Is
not without precedent, for William,
the Conqueror, divided the land of
England among his knights, and
other conquerors have done like
wise. It aims to drain the con
quered land of wealth for the en
richment of Germany, but that has
been the way of conquerors, from
Rome to Spain. It alms to enslave
the conquered people, or at least to
withhold from them all political
rights, but that, too, has been done
before.
The one distinguishing fact about
Germany's policy of conquest is that
it contemplates the extinction of all
evidences, even the memory, of any
nationality other than German, and
to transform tr.e people into Germans.
If the subject peoples are ever to
have a voice in the government of the
empire to which they are to be forci
bly annexed, it is not to be until- this
Germanizing process is complete.
That policy has been pursued in the
territory which Germany annexed
from Poland, Denmark and France.
The native language and customs are
proscribed, and the Germanizing pro
cess is assisted by the colonization of
Germans among the native popula
tion. Poles and Danes have been
compelled to sell their property to
Germans, and have been forbidden
to learn their own language, or even
to speak It. Children in Posen have
been punished for paying the Lord's
Prayer in Polish. With true German
thoroughness and ruthlessnes the ef
fort has been made to stamp out all
thought of any other country than
Germany and to plant German kultur
in the vacancy thus created." Death
or slavery is now the penalty of re
sistance. That the policy which Germany has
pursued in the past is to be applied
to any territory which she may ac
quire in this war is frankly stated in
the declarations of the men who
shaped the course of the empire prior
to and during the war. These men
compose the six great economic asso
ciations and Include all parties ex
cept the Socialists. The six associa
tions united In a manifesto outlining
the terms of peace which Germany
snouia make. This manifesto was
presented to the Chancellor In May,
1915, when Germany's hopes of vic
tory were still high. It proposed an
nexation of Belgium and of much
French and Russian territory- It
said:
In order not to have conditions sues as
those in Alsace-Lorraine, the most import
ant business undertakings and estates must
be transferred from anti-German owner
ship to German hands, France taking over
and compensating the former owners. Such
portion of tbe population as is taken over
by us must be allowed absolutely no In
fluence In the empire.
That shows the purpose to dispos
sess the native property owners and to
hold the people as a subjugated race
in the same condition as the negroes
of an African colony. In discussing
the future of Belgium, the manifesto
reveals the purpose to Germanize the
people by saying:
In time also she Belgium) may entail
a considerable addition to our nation, if in
course of time the Flemish element, which
is so closely allied to us, becomes emanci
pated from the artificial grip of French
culture and remembers Its Teutonlo af
finities. The aim to enrich Germany at the
expense of annexed territory is ap
parent in the following passage of a
manifesto issued by a number of lead
ing German professors:
The security of the German empire In a
future war imperiously calls for all the
beds of minerals. Including the fortresses
of Longwy and Verdun, without which
these mineral beds cannot be protected.
The possession of great Quantities of coal,
and especially of coal rich in bitumen,
which abounds In the basin of the north of
France is at least in as great a measure
as iron ore, decisive for the Issue of the
war. Belgium and the North of France
together produce more than 40,00u,oou
tons.
The projected addition to the Indus
trial population in the west is to be
balanced by acquisition of more agri
cultural territory in the Baltic prov
inces of Russia in the east. This Is
dictated, say the economlo associa
tions, by "the necessity of strength
ening also the sound agricultural
basis of our nation, of making possible
a German agricultural colonization on
a large scale." The same policy is to
be followed there as in the west, for
the manifesto 6ays:
With regard to the granting "of political
rights to the Inhabitants of the new dis
tricts and the securing of German indus
trial Influence, that applies which has al
ready been said about France. The war
Indemnity to be paid by Russia will have
to consist to a large extent in change of
the proprietorship of the solL
These policies, particularly that of
expropriating and Germanizing sub
ject peoples, are upheld by Prince von
Buelow, the ex-Chancellor, in his re
cent book, "Imperial Germany." He
was relentless In the effort to Ger
manize the Poles, and he advocates
application of the same policy to new
acquisitions in the east by saying:
The struggles for the soil, which Is In
Its essence the struggle for a sufficient
stiffening of the Bast with German men,
will always be the Alpha and Omega of
our national German policy in the Kant.
The struggle for German kultur and cul
ture, above all for the German language,
must accompany It. With our plantation
policy we fight for Germanism in the East,
with our school policy we fight for our
Poles, whom we wish to bring nearer to
German Intellectual life.
Germany alms at conquest of the
world, not only politically, but indus
trially and commercially, and, above
all. Intellectually and spiritually.
Wherever German rule extends, the
land and Industries must be owned by
Germans, the wealth must flow to
Germany, no language except German
must be written or spoken, all cus
toms, habits of life, even all thoughts,
must be German. Brute force must
be the first principle of morals, re
ligion and government. When any
new proposal is made, the test to
which it must be subjected Is not: "Is
it right? Will it ' make the world
better and happier?" but: "Has Ger
many the physical power to do It
and will it redound to the glory and
richness of Germany7"
This system is to be applied first
to the occupied territory in Europe,
and in a less degree to those states
which Germany calls allies, though
actually they are vassals. After a
period of rest it is to be extended to
the rest of Europe, to Western Asia
and to Africa. Then will come the
turn of America. If German hopes
should be fulfilled, an armada, beside
which the Spanish fleet of the 16th
century would resemble a fishing
fleet, would cross the Atlantic to
Germanize America, as the Danes,
Poles and Alsatians have been Ger
manized. In order to make this im
possible, we are fighting to prevent
further extension of the system in
Europe and to destroy the Inhuman
organization which has devised It. In
that way only can we remove danger
to our right to be Americans, with all
which that word conveys.
Ex-Representative Edwin Denby, of
Detroit, is an example of genuine de
mocracy in the American armed forces.
After war was declared, he enlisted
as a private in the Marine Corps and
was recently promoted to be corporal
as the result of a competitive exami
nation open to all members of his com
pany, in which he headed the list. He
is no lame duck.
Those two Missouri boys who took
turns hammering their father with a
ball bat until he died, because he was
brutal with their stepmother, certainly
are evidence that stepmothers are
not the cruel women they have been
reputed.
Opposition to the teaching of Ger
man is more or less absurd. Very
much of value written in that lan
guage may be lost In translation. That
we are at war with the nation does
not lessen the benefits that can be
derived from some of its teachings.
Probably enough giants like the
young recruit of North Yakima, who
measures 6 feet 7 Inches, could be
sifted from the entire Army to form
a battalion, but they would not do on
the firing line. They would make too
good targets.
The cherry crop Is not large enough
to justify waste. What's the matter
with the schoolboys, that they are not
helping their country by Joining the
pickers?
The man who enlists as a baker will
be as great a veteran as the man who
fights, and if his bread always is good
he will be a hero.
That woman pilot on San Francisco
Bay has one on all the women chauf
feurs in the Bay City. She's the only
one of her kind.
There are, or were a few days ago,
41,559 motor vehicles In Oregon, and
they represent an Investment of many
millions.
Christian Endeavor comfort bags
will lack cigarettes and playing cards,
and will be fine swapping material.
To be successful, a moonshiner
should not have a partner. t It's a
leaky trade, at best.
The Joke will be on the other fellow
if Uncle Sam discovers who started
that draft canard.
There will be target practice for the
home guards when traitors try to burn
the standing crops.
The only way to bring liquor into
Oregon Is to swallow it just before
crossing; the line.
Patrons of the State Fair this year
will have something good to drink.
Strange People of Caucasus.
Georgians, Wfce Demand Autonomy,
Said to Be Older Haea Tssa Ue
Egyptians.
BT NATIONAL. GEOGRAPHIC SOCIETY
The news that a political party In
Transcaucaslan Georgia has started a
mevement for the autonomy of this
district of Russia brings into the focus
of world interest one of the most hls-
torio divisions ef the great Slav
empire.
There are perhaps 1.150,000 Georgians
in the Caucasus region, comprising
fully one-half the population. They
are the great aristocrats of the coun
try, and with every reason for their
pride in ancestry. Some ethnologists
hold that they are a more ancient race
than the Egyptians, while their
own legends declare that they
are the descendants of Thargamos,
great-grandson of Japheth, son of
N'oah. Other traditions trace their
origin to the Egyptian soldiers of
Sesostrls, who are supposed to have
reached this region and Intermarried
with the aborigines. Still another
legend says that some of the Crusaders,
becoming lost In the mountain wilds.
have left their imprint upon the hand
some Georgians of today.
see
The Georgian women have been
famous for centuries as the foremost
beauties of the Near East and the men
are the greatest dandies in the world.
The latter are tall and athletic, the
natural slenderness of their waists
much accentuated by the custom of
wearing their belts so tight that the
use of their legs is hampered, giving
a peculiar. Jerky character to their
carriage. The women as a rule have
large eyes, delicate complexions, small
hands and abundant black hair, which
is worn In braids down the back, and
are usually veiled. The men, especially
the lower classes, are much addicted
to the fiery wines produced in the
country and it is said that the regular
dally "dram" allotted to each field
laborer used to be a half gallon of this
intoxicating beverage.
While thievery is almost unknown
among the Georgians themselves, there
are highwaymen in the mountain
fastnesses who make it extremely un
pleasant for unprotected travelers, in
asmuch as the bandits have a habit not
only of depriving their victims of their
valuables but of their clothes as welL
And there are said to be numerous In
stances where parties of men and
women traveling In coaches have been
ordered at pistol's point to divest
themselves of all raiment and been
forced to make their way to the
nearest village in Adamio garb.
The home of the Georgians Is a
region of many tongues, the priests
declaring that it was in this land that
the Tower of Babel was begun. They
speak of it as the Babylonian Steeple.
Even in the days of the Roman re
public the language difficulties of the
region were notorious and Pliny,
quoting Timosthenes, says' that there
were 300 tongues spoken In Colchis,
necessitating the employment of 130
interpreters by the Roman administra
tors. e e
For many years the Georgians
seemed to bo quite content under their
new masters in St- Petersburg and the
elder Dumas testified to the fact that
"the Georgian is a light-hearted slave,
gay even in servitude." In more recent
times, however, the people have mani
fested a certain restlessness and the
Georgian papers have been fostering
old traditions and encouraging all
movements to break away from Rus
Bianlzlng influences. This tendency has
been quickened from time to time by
the shortsighted policy of the Tear's
representatives, who endeavored to sup
press the natural exuberance or me
people, as, for example, the Georgian's
delight in singing while working In
the fields. This particular restriction
was soon abandoned, however, for it
was discovered that with the imposi
tion of silence upon the laborers all
work lagged.
The Kaiser's Soliloquy.
By James Bartoa Adams.
Farewell, a long farewell to all my
greatness I
Methlnks I see my finish, and my heart
Pumps painfully within the royal chest.
Where it has held Its Job for many
years!
This is the fate of ruler when fired
By mad ambition in his eranlal bean.
Aspires to bring two-thirds of the peo
pled world
As servile minions to his tyrant feet
And hold a mortgage on the other
third;
Who by the power of his fighting arm
Would knock the crimson whey from
all who dared
Put up a warlike front and strive to
gash
A deep Incision in his royal neok
And knock the stuffin' from his dream
of power.
Ach. hlmmell but it pains my royal
heart.
Puts in cold storage my imperial gall.
To realize that old Star-Spangled guy
Americans call Uncle Sam for short
Should think my submarinlsh play too
raw.
Jump up and crack his heels together
and
Tell me to cut it out or he would throw
The democratic harpoon into me:
And when I called his bluff, believing it
An oozing through his star-emblazoned
hat.
He crawfished not, but rose up on his
ear
And shot my bold defy so full of holes
It looked like as a slice of swltzer kase.
A feeling of significant unrest
Prevails through the Faderland and
doubts
As leeches cling unto the publio mind
And suck away the trust in Me und
Gott
From brains in which I thought It there
to stay.
Sty Hlndenburgs strategic victories
By hiking back when fire becomes too
hot
And counter drives deliver not the
goods
Served for a time to Jack up public
nerve;
But now the galling truth has sprung
a leak
And spreads in ripples o'er my vast
. domain,
And men each other ask: "Why Is this
thus.
That foemen throw the battle soup into
Our marshaled hosts, cause Hindenburg
to throw
The reverse lever on the war machine
And back up too dadbusted frequently
And tell us of another victory won?"
Aot. Gott I As scoot the blood-soaked
days away.
My grip grows weaker en my royal
goat
Till but a tail hold now remains to me I
laws Statute of limitations.
PORTLAN'D, July 6. (To the Kd
itor.) Kindly inform me through your
paper how long a note given in the
state of Iowa is legal. Does It become
outlawed after a number of years, the
interest not being paid or note re
newed, note being given in 1909?
G. H. M. a
It is void after the lapse of 10 years.
Conceit Justified.
Washington Star.
"Biggins attaches a great deal of
Importance to his opinions."
"You can't blame him," replied Miss
Cayenne. "An opinion costs him so
much Intellectual effort that he feels
like making a pet of it."
SALEM ITES TO HAVE CELEBRATION
Former Resident of Capital Will Cut
Dlgalty Aside at Oaks Today.
PORTLAND. July 6. (To the Editor.)
There will be a reunion of Salemltes,
now resident In Portland, at the Oaks
tomorrow (Saturday). They will be re
inforced by a large contingent from Sa
lem. Portland Is not to be riven over
wholly to auditoriums and oratorios and
educational symposiums. This reunion
is not a society function. It's a picnic
There Is to be no display of millinery
or anatomy. Dress suits and tuxedos
are taboo. There will be no samovar,
and no "chief motif." All hands will
pour their own tea. No salaaming to
any host or reception committee. The
governors, judges, distinguished Jour
nalists, barristers and gentlemen with
military titles will leave their dignity
behind and brine only their front
names, lunch baskets and an established
reputation as good neighbors and good
citizens.
Trouble win begin at S:30 o'clock and
end on a given signal from the munic
ipal judge, not too late, however, for
attendance at the musical entertainment
in the evening at the Auditorium. Hot
coffee can be secured on the grounds.
There will be a programme, mostly
reminiscent, furnished, on Salem's part,
by Judge George H. Burnett. Judge J. C
Moreland and Mrs. Olive Enrlght, sup
plemented by oratory and fireworks,
furnished by Portland talent.
Anyone at any time a resident of Sa
lem, from the good old paleozoic days of
Dr. John McLoughlln down to Friday
night at 6 o'clock will be welcomed as a
participant. PRESS AGENT.
Probate of Will.
HTT.T.SPALB, Or, July 6. (To the
Editor.) Kindly publish the various
steps that a will has to go through
according to Oregon law from the time
it is filed with the court
AN O R EGO NT AN.
A petition for the probate of the
will is first filed In the County Court,
after which the will Itself Is filed.
Those interested must then produce in
court the. persons witnessing the sign
ing of the will in order to prove that
the will exists and is legal. .An, order
is then signed admitting the will to
probate and letters of administration
are Issued to the person authorized to
act. Appraisers are then named and
their appraisal of the estate is next
filed. Next must come the publication
of notice to creditors, and six months
must elapse from the time of first
publication before the estate is closed.
When a petition for closing the estate
Is filed, publication for four weeks
must be mace to give notice to those
who might object to the closing of the
estate. The final account is then sub
mitted after which an order approv
ing such final account must be signed.
The County Judge may then discharge
the administrator or executor and or
der the estate closed.
Kanea of Drag Manufacturers.
PORTLAND, July 6. (To the Editor.)
Please send me a list of medical man
ufacturers and their Addresses.
GEORGE) E. CRAWFORD.
There are some thousands of medicine
manufacturers in the United States.
We suggest that you write to W. J.
Woodruff, secretary, American Drug
Manufacturers' Association, 850 Penob
scot building, Detroit. Mich-, and also
that you designate in some way the
class of manufacturers, or the kind of
drugs you have In mind, as the general
list would be quite cumbersome.
Proportions In Concrete,
WASCO, Or., July 8. To the Editor.)
Please publish how to mix cement for
concrete. Is It one part cement, two
parts sand and the rest rock?
A SUBSCRIBER.
Use one part cement, three parts
sand and five parts gravel. It Is nec
eseary to use care In the amount of
water for moisture and It should be
mixed slowly and thoroughly.
"Horse Laugh" In Bible.
PORTLAKD, July 6. (To the Ed
itor.) Concerning the inquiry as to
what is the earliest example In litera
ture or history of the "horse laugh,"
permit me to eay that "the horse
laugh" was known In what Is thought
to be the oldest book in sacred litera
ture, the book of Job. He says that
"The horse salth among the trum
pets. Ha, hal" Job. xxxix:25.
ST. D. M.
Keep Yourself Informed on the
Events of the War by Reading
The Sunday Oregonian
FACING DEATH IN A SUBMARINE What happens -when a shell
or a torpedo hits a submarine? With increasing frequency the
press dispatches tell of one of the Kaiser's U-boats being sent to
the bottom by the accurate firing of American, French or British
gunners. The submarine goes to the bottom and the men on board,
obviously, perish. Just what happens to the boat and what horrors
' the men experience are described in this story, written by an ex
pert who has studied the subject.
READY FOR N. E. A. CONVENTION Thousands of teachers from
all parts of the country will be in Portland next week. The National
Education Convention will be in progress at the Auditorium.
Everyone Is interested in this event, which probably will be the
biggest happening in the educational world ever held in the North
west. The Sunday Oregonian will present the complete programme,
not only for the convention proper, but for all the sections and
divisions which will meet simultaneously.
WHAT TEXAS IS DOING FOR THE WAR Frank G. Carpenter has
been in the South for the last few weeks. He has made a survey
of the agricultural and industrial resources of the great South
Land. In tomorrow's issue he will give a partial survey of the part
that Texas is doing to provide the sinews of war.
HOW ATHLETICS HELP TO MAKE FIGHTERS Are you a base
ball player, or have you been a baseball player in your youth?
If so, youH have a running start in becoming a good soldier. The
experience gained in throwing baseballs quickly gives superiority to
men called upon to throw hand grenades. Read about it.
THE GREAT WAR IN PICTURES A whole page of fresh illustra
tions direct from the front tells of the war's progress in plainer
terms than whole volumes of text. .
NO END TO OLD FAVORITE POEMS Has your favorite poem been
printed in The Sunday Oregonian? Maybe it will appear tomor
row. A full page of verse written in years gone by is printed
every Sunday. If you have an old favorite that you would, see in
print, send it along to the Old Poem department.
END OF MUSICAL FESTIVAL Portland will close its first annual
musical festival tonight an event that was made possible only
through completion of the magnificent Municipal Auditorium. A
complete review of this history-making incident in the life of the
city will be presented tomorrow.
HOW A CHESS GAME HELPED CUPID This is a little romance
with a pair of Oregon lovers as the principals and the snow-covered
hills of far-away Alaska as the background.
AS USUAL The Sunday Oregonian will contain a complete review of
local as well as National and international events. News of vaca
tionists at the ' beaches, complete information about roads and
tours and a summary of the week's events in the world of sports
will be some of the attractions.
Order Today From Tour Newsdealer Five Cents.
In Other Days.
Twenty-nve Tears Ago,
Prora The Oreronlaa, July T, 1092.
Pittsburg, July 6. Bloody soenes were
enacted at the Homestead Carnegie
steel works today. The strikers fired
on an armed force of Pinkertona. Sev
eral were allied outright
Emma Nevada, the singer, Is touring
Spain with successful results.
Linda Lard on. of Salem, aged 6. be
came so excited about a fire in a nelgl -bor'.s
house that her heart stopped beat
ing and she dropped dead.
Some of the good Summer reading
books now at J. K. Gill & Co. are "A
Window In Thrums," "A Transplanted
Rose," "Phra, the Phoenician," "Thelma,
a Norwegian Princess," "The Little
Minister," "Everybody's Writing Desk,"
"A Common Man" and "Rifle, Rod and
Gun."
The second annual convention of the
Pacific Amateur Press Association will
be held In this city begin- tng July 11.
The sessions will be at the First Pres
byterian Church. There are fS dele
gates from Washington, a dozen from
California and quite a few from Ore
gon. The reception committee consists
of Milton W. Seaman, W. Bittle Wells
and Walter MacMulUn. Mr. Wells Is
president of the association.
Joaquin Miller has taken up the
literary cudgel In defense of Bret Harte,
who recently was attacked by a San
Francisco daily.
RIPE3 FRIIT BEST FOR DRYTJTQ
Peaenes and Prunes Develop Oss Snsrar
if Left on Trees.
THE DALLES, Or, July i. (To the
Editor) I herewith submit something
that may be of assistance to some re
garding better and cheaper food and a
saving of sugar.
Though at present we are principally
Interested in raising Swiss mlloh goats
and making cheese and butter from the
milk, for many years I was in the man
ufacturing business, making fruit prod
ucts, and still keep in touch with that
line, doing some experimental work
each season.
Every grower of fruit, especially
peaches and prunes, can make an arti
cle of dried fruit superior to any fac
tory stoock and at same time help save
sugar by producing it. HowT
Leave your fruit on the trees until
thoroughly ripe. Sugar is developed.
Peaches, cut In half, epread with skin
stde down, will retain all the Juloe and
sugar.
Cut and spread prunes the same as
peaches. Cover all with mosquito net
ting. When peaches are desired for food,
cover with boiling water. Keep hot
two hours. Don't boil or simmer. The
skin will slip off easily.
Prunes may be treated same way,
only leave the peeling on. Fruits pre
pared this way are the nearest to fresh
fruit. W. F. RIPLEY,
Rainbow Ranch. Route 4.
ItF-.ASOV FOIl VILLA DXPEDITIOJf
Correspondent Believes It Was to Hard
en Army for Bigger Things to Come.
CAMAS, Wash, July 6. (To the Edi
tor.) There has been a great deal of
criticism upon President Wilson's pol
icy of sending troops down to Mexico
to "capture Villa." A small thrust ap
peared in the issue of The Oragonlon
July 3.
Anyone that knows the dlfferenoe
between a Mexican and a tarantula
knows that if Wilson really wanted to
round up Villa, or had anyone else;
for that matter, all he would have
to do would be to go down to the bor
der and show a handful of real Amer
ican gold and say: "I'll give that for
Villa's hide." It's a safe bet that SO
per cent of Villa's own men would try
for the "dlnero." '
I think if the truth were known that
the President saw the handwriting on
the wall a long time ago. He found a
good excuse to get 100.000 men In
fighting Bhape by pretending they were
after Villa. Doubtless he furnished
Villa with an expert American guide
to assist him in keeping out of the
way while the boys were getting hard
ened up for something that was bound
to occur later.
- No one will dispute the faot that had
there been 100.000 men in strenuous
training in our own country for tbe
last two years It would arouse not
only our own suspicions, but those of
the whole world as well. Leave it to
Woodrow. He knows what he is doing.
J. R. HALLIQAN.