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About Morning Oregonian. (Portland, Or.) 1861-1937 | View Entire Issue (June 18, 1917)
THE MORNING OREGOXIAN, MONDAY, JUNE 18. 1917. SHORTAGE OF FOOD GIANT INSIGNIA OF THE RED CROSS DRIVE, WHICH WILL POINT DAILY RETURNS OF THE PORTLAND CAMPAIGN AMERICANS DINE WELL IN FRANCE Ho t, Tired, A ch ing Fee t IMPERILS TEUTONS si How they lessen life's joys and add to its burdens. You just cannot do efficient work if your feet are not right. You carry life's cares, but your feet carry you. We have every good device for the correction and cure of foot defects or deformities. SCHOLL'S FOOT EASERS ARCH SUPPORTS BUNION REDUCERS HEEL CUSHIONS CORN PADSare helping thousands in their daily work. If your feet hurt you If you have Flat Foot ( If you have Broken-down Arch Some one of these useful devices may help you. Our fitters, men -and women, are expert and courteous. Our fitting rooms convenient. The entire Second floor of our building is devoted to the display,, adjustment and sale of these and other useful aids to human health and comfort. Single Misstep in Administra Enlisted Men Get Wine With Meals and Their Rations Are Served in Courses. , tion of Food Laws May Bring Crash That Ends War. K . HARVEST SIX WEEKS LATE BREAKFAST IS NOVELTY Professor Delmer, of Berlin TJniTer slty, Tells of Suffering From Cold and Hunger, Especially Among Poor of Cities. Bread and Coffee Served In Morn Ins and Plenty of Meats' and Vegetables Are Given for Lunch and Sinner. It! - t. 3 t " T it in , (Copyright. 1917. by PrM Publishing Com pany, the New York World.) LONDON, June 9. (Special.) Pro fessor F. Sefton Delmer, released two weeks agro from Germany, gave to the World today a written statement about conditions there, in which he said the nation's food -situation was so pre carious that a single misstep might plunge it at any moment into an abyss. Professor Delmer as a professor in Berlin University when the war began. He was held there until past military agre. His statement to the world is In reply to the question. "Does Germany still think she can hold out?" "If I were to form an impression from German newspapers alone," he replied, "I should answer emphatically yes. If I were to judgre from the opinions of persons with whom I came into contact in Berlin. I should say, 'I hae me doots.' My doubts are based rather on economic than on military insufficiency. The things Germany Is principally short of are: 1. Foodstuffs. 2. Fodder. 3. Transportation materials, such as railroad rolling stock and horses. 4. Raw materials, such as leather, wool, cotton, lubricants and rubber. 6. Workmen. Economic Margin Is Kirrow. "In these various categories food and fodder shortage play the most import ant part so important that if the gov ernment does not walk with the great est wariness it may prove disastrous. The economic margin is so narrow that a single false step to either side may plunge the nation into an abyss. , " "The reserves of food available are so scanty that only by the strictest economy and the most perfect distribu tion can Germany make her supplies last out until the next harvest. "Iron principle-.is the soldier's first unalterable motto In Germany. The soldiers and the munition workers have first claim on all food supplies as well as on everything else essential to mili tary efficiency. The best fed of all are naturally the officers. If any one Is starving the German women and chil dren it is the German army. "Sixteenhundred grammes (about three and one-half pounds) of bread is al lowed to each person a week. That Is very little less than the weekly ration of four pounds allowed to the people here. But the two cases cannot be compared, because, in the first place, the quality pf the German bread is very poor, the grain being ground out of 95 per cent of whole wheat." English war flour contains only about 80 per cent of the grain. The quality of the bread already is causing all sorts of diges tive troubles. Bread Crista at Hand. "Whatever the cause, the fact re mains that Germany is face to . face with a serious bread crisis. The gov ernment declares the country can hold out, but does not dare, in view of the atorm of discontent aroused when it reduced the bread ticket from 1800 to 1600 grams in April, to make the fur ther reduction to 1475 grams described as absolutely necessary. "If there is a good potato harvest in July it may help to save the situa tion. So far as the product from the hay and grain harvests of 1917 con cerned, there is considerable misgiving among the population. The weather since last Ma?ch has been the worst possible from the farm er's point of view. April was a month of -hard frost and icy winds. When Slay came not a tree hud budded. The one thought In every mind was: ' The young crops what is to become of them? It really looks as if heaven it self were flKhting against us. "All during May the Germans watched the sky for rain, but instead they got quite abnormal midsummer heat. Even taking the most favorable view of the situation, the harvest will be at least six weeks late, and those six weeks will be a trying time for the Fatherland. "No wonder the Germans wish that the end was in sight. Fodder. Too, la Problem "The food situation is serious enough without being rendered even more intricate by the closely related question of the supply of fodder. Ger many very nearly came to grief through delaying so long to treat the two questions together. "At the present moment desperate efforts are being made to remedy this oversight and pool all the food and fodder stuffs in the entire German Empire. The government is trying to induce Bavaria. Saxony, Wurttemburg and the other states to join in a great monopoly on state socialistic lines. Bavaria, which stands to sacrifice most by such an arrangement,, is refractory, but shoAS signs of being won over by Prussian blandishments. Germans Blaff to last. "The Germans keep their shortage of raw materials very quiet. In all these economic matters, as well as military affairs, they will bluff as hard as they can to the very last moment. "Confiscation of all zinc bathtubs is threatened now. Organ pipes and church bells disappeared long ago. The leather straps attached to the windows of railway carriages have been re moved. Oils of all sorts are practically unobtainable. I heard of a Berlin lady a few weeks ago who gave 200 marks (about $35) for 10 pounds of ordinary salad oil, and thought herself lucky to get it at that price. "The Germans have displayed won derful ingenuity In finding something that does almost as well. Their list of substitute materials teems Inex haustible. Not long ago a huge order was given for some white table linen by the government. This was not In tended to bedeck soldiers' tables, but to be used as lining for their boots. "The people of Berlin are already anxiously gathering together what coal they can in anticipation of even a greater shortage next Winter. For want of coal many schools had to be closed. In houses with central heat ing plants the water pipes froze and burst. But it was the poor who felt the pinch most. Long queues of peo ple in the streets stood waiting for hours for coal during those bitter days, with the thermometer 12 degrees Cen tigrade below zero. "Yet Reventlow and his party preach that the people be content with nothing less then a German peace, a large war Indemnity, the .coast of Belgium, the mineral districts of Northern France and a good slice of Russia." : r. A rH ::n n -n - Jtttn Hit 2- 1 v. i S i A- . 3 1 wmimwA wwwiii i 'W-yi'Wli'KtVlJsl'f- THIRTY-FOOT RED CROSS, AT SIXTH AMD AI.DKR STREETS, DIAL AD HA.VD FOR RECORDING PROURtCSS. 4 E WILL ESCAPE Red Cross Canvass to Reach Every Corner of City. CLOCK TO MARK PROGRESS Last Instruction to Solicitors Will Be Given Tonight Canvassers Will Sleet Daily to Xote Suc cess of Campaign. (Continued From Flrt"Paee- bering more than 200. The word will be: "Advance In the morning." At the same conference will be cres- ent Henry E. Reed, director of the torces of the house-to-house canvass. and his district captains, in order that they may avail themselves of the gen eral instructions given. Nor will It be possible for the "prospect." when asked for his subscription, to" parry with the query: "How much did you give?" At tonight's meeting the Red Cross generals, their captains and their men will balk all possibility of such em barrassment by voluntarily announcing their own contributions to the cause. The territory to be taken in the first attack is not geographic, but personal, and will be attacked under the leader ship of Chairman W. B. Ayer. From the directories of the city and the membership lists of local societies and organizations have been selected 3000 names. At tonight's meeting Mr. Aver and his captains will-divide the fated 3000 among the 20 teams of their division. and bid the 200 workers to mark them well. The escape of any of these Is not Included In the plans of the drive. which is highly military In Us thorougn efficiency. Attack to Be In Vnlson. On Tuesday morning at 9:30 the 20- team captains, each with his list of prospects, will issue final instructions to their field forces in Red Cross head quarters, at the Morgan building. The' assignments for the day's work will be given, the plighted 200 will swarm over the parapet, so to speak, and the first assault will be on. - At 12:15 each day the team captains and their companies will as'semble for luncheon at the Portland Hotel, at 20 tables, when the daily reports will be heard. They will foot those columns of merciful figures and repair to the huge Red Cross subscription clock, at Sixth and Alder streets, to shove the hand vigorously ahead. Home Drive Begins Wednesday. In this plan, as In the other, there is no chance for duplication or con fusion. The field is definitely known and the workers carry individual lists. The house-to-house drive will start Wednesday noon, under the leadership of Chairman Henry E. Reed. This drive is based, upon geographical boundaries and will employ 20 district captains, each., with a staff of field workers. It is planned to pay a per sonal visit to every home in the city. The call has been sounded for at least 1000 volunteers to enlist under the lead ership of Chairman Reed in this house-to-house drive, and responses should be made without delay. , Meetings to Be Held on Street. Each day at noon there will be spe cial street speaking, a division which is under the direction of John C. Eng lish, chairman of the speakers' bureau. Among those who will hold the street throngs wiLn ' pleas for the cause of mercy- are many orators of high abil ity and men 'of wide fame. Another thing membership In the Red Cross chapter will not exempt its possessor from subscription to the Red Cross drive. He is not immune from financial conscription. If the con tributor desires to become a member of the Red Cross, and so Indicates on the pledge, the annual membership fee will be deducted from his contribution and balance turned into the fund. Clnba to Hear of Taste At noon today General Chairman Ayer will have charge of the meeting of the members' council at the Chamber of Commerce, which is designed to create further interest in the drive. The entire programme will bear the scarlet in signia of the cause. The principal speaker at this meeting will be Henry 1 Corbett, president of the Chamber of Commerce, state manager of the Ked Cross drive, a d member of the finance committee of the National War Coun cil. The Rotary Club will hold a Red Cross meeting on Tuesday, at the Benson Hotel, when rr. John H. Boyd will speak on "The Symbol of the Red Cross." Ex-Governor West will speak on Wednesday noon before the Portland Ad Club at the Hotel Benson. On Thursday- at noon Dan J. Malarkey will ad dress th Progressive Business Men's Club at the Hotel Multnomah. Henry K. Reed, chairman of the house-to-houHe campaign division of the Red Cross J200.000 drive, has called a special meeting of his 20 district cap tains and their aides, some 400 or 500 in number, to be held at the Central Library tomorrow evening at o'clock, when final instructions to the field workers will be given. County Clerk Joseph W. Beverldge called at Red Cross headquarters yes terday and tendered his services for the entire week and was assigned to a teim captaincy in the house-to-house campaign. Some revision in tne personnel of this branch of the campaign has been necessary, but Chairman Reed com pleted his new list and has secured in dividual acceptances from all of his aidej as follows: District 1, Captain J. B. Bchasfer; district 2. Captain J. o. Klrod; district a. Captain H. N. Burpee: dlatrlct 4, Ouptaln Paul C Murphy; district .1, Captain Hulua C. Hoi man; district . Captain A. Roaonateln: dis trict 7, Captain V. H. Btrons; district 8, Captailfc JS. A. Clark: district ll. Captain A. A. Bailey; district 10. Captain Eucrna E. Smith; district 11, Captain J. W. Bevrrldse; dlatrtrt 12. Captain Ferdinand K. Heed; Jia trlct i:l. Captain E. X. Whoeler; diatrlct 14, Captain K. c. Bratton; district 15. Captain V. C. Hall: district 10. Captain Mrs. A. L, Schwabe; district 17, Captain C. II. Beard; district IS. Captain W. C. -Alderson; dis trict 19, Captain Coe A. McKenna; district 20, Captain A. A. Muck. W. F. Woodward; captain of Red Cross team 17, has secured the accep tances of the 11 teammates who will work with him in the big cleanup. The complete list is as follows: E. C. Johnson, F. S. Doernbecher, Harry B. Clarke, J. F. Furlong, J. T. Cullinan, E. Shelley Morgan, D. A. Aronson, J. I). Coleman, Milton Markewitz, W. D. Mc Waters and Harry Lang. IiAXE ORGANIZED FOR DRIVE Chairmen Are Named for Red Cross Work In Each Town. EUGENE. Or.. June 17. (Special.) Lane County has been more systemat ically organized for the Red Cross week campaign which opens tomorrow than ever before. Frank L. Chambers is county chairman. Eight teams will canvass Eugene under the following captains: L. E. Yoran, Ralph Martin, Dean Hayes, Sam Roome. E. D. Paine, Joseph Koke, George McMorran and C. 8. Frank. Earl Kilpatrick. head of the exten sion department of the LTniverstty of Oregon, is acting as county manager for the fund. Chairmen of committees In the prin cipal towns of the county, are as fol lows: Cottage Grove. C. E Umphrev; Springfield. R. L. Klrk: Creswell. F. W. Ogram; Junction. City. W. C. Wanhburn; Florence. William Kyle, Sr.; Coburg, George O. Drury; Pleasant Hill, Dr. C. S. Morsman; Wendlinu. D. G. Ben nett; Waltervllle, Mrs. E. M. Young; Blue River. Mrs. Dexter Sparks; Mc Kenzie Bridge, Mrs. B. L. Bogart; Mo. hawk, Mrs. Belle Seavey; Irving. Ed ward Zumwalt; Vida, J. F. Minney; Yarnell. Dan Spores; Marcola, J., s. ChurchilL , MANAGER STONE REPORTS Almost Every City In Northwest Expected to Oversubscribe. H. W, Stone, Northwest manager of the Red Cross campaign, returned last night from a tour of the principal cities of bis district and reported every hamlet organized for the drive which starts today. He will be in Portland for the first gun here and will leave tonight for a visit to every campaign center while the drive is in progress. Mr. .Stone" thinks almost every city in the territory will oversubscribe. Re ports from Butte were that the $150, 000 quota would be raised to 175,000 and that Seattle would get 1400.000 in stead of 1250.000. "Every city of the Northwest i thoroughly awake to its task," said Mr. Stone last night. "Seattle, Tacoma, Spokane and North Idaho towns are thoroughly placarded, and tomorrow night Seattle will have one of the greatest parades of the campaign in the United States." $2 50 Check Opens Salem Drive. L SALEM, Or.. June 17 (Special.) In. wm urinitn, or tnis city, opened the Red Cross drive here by presenting headquarters with a check for J250 and sard a little later he may give more. Plans are completed for one of the warmest campaigns In Salem's history during the next few days to secure this citjSs quota of Red Cross funds. ' Oak Grove Red Cross Busy. Oak Grove Red Cross Auxiliary meets every Monday at 8 o'clock in Vossburg Hall, Saint Theresa station. Many articles are being completed for a box: A lawn fete is planned to be held at the home of Mrs. B. G. Skulason, Mil waukie. June 27. Plane for the big Red Cross drive are well under way, the district having been divided for a house-to-house icanvass. Michael, the first of the archangels (Daniel x:13. Jude (). is described in Daniel x:21 as "the prince of Israel." and In xlli:l as "the great prince which standeth" in time of conflict "for ' the children of thy people." PARIS, June 17. The American en listed men who came to France with General Pershing are having experi ence with foreign habits, languages and rations which Indicate what the main body of American troops will find when it arrives. The Americans are quartered at the Pepinlere barracks, a huge quadri lateral on Place St. Augustln, one of the central locations of Paris. There are housed troops from all the entente allied -nations. Including Russians, Serbians, Belgians, Roumanians, Cana dians, Australians and New Zealanders, with (0 American troopers, engineers and automobile drivers among the lat est arrivals. The vast central court presents a strange sight in the min gling of the uniforms and flags of the various nations. Each contingent has Its own drills and Its own living and eating quarters, but when the men are off duty the court Is crowded with the-- soldiers, speaking many languages and attempt ing to make themselves understood with signs. The American troops are on French military rations, which they like much better than American or British ra tions, for, in addition to an abundance of well-cooked food, they embrace the regular French allowance of wine, which, however, may be discontinued when the American rations are estab lished. The chief novelty for the Americans is the continental breakfast, restricted to bread and coffee. Lunch and dinner are served in courses, with plenty of meat and vegetables. The meat limits do not apply to the military forces, as the French policy is to limit the re strictions on meat, sugar, etc., to civil ians, that the fighting forces may be kept up to the full measure of energy. The sleeping quarters are plain and comfortable, with good beds,, clean sheets and ample sanitary arrange ments. The Americans are on a regu lar schedule, with reveille at o'clock in the morning, breakfast at 7, Inspec tion at 8 and then a round of duties, concluding with taps at 10 P. M. M'NARY IN PRESS CLUB Acceptance Thought Senator's -First , Act After Being Sworn. What was probably the first act as United States Senator executed by C. L. McNary after he was sworn in as the new United States Senator from Oregon was to become a life member of the Portland Press Club. When the telegraph wires had clicked fhe news into Portland that Senator McNary had taken the oath cf office, Oene B. Evans, of Portland, telegraphed an Invitation to Mr. McNary to become a life member of the club. The invi tation was Indorsed by Harrison Allen, legal confrere of Senator McNary. In a remarkably short time the accep tance came back and it is believed by Frank McGettlgan, president of the club, that the telegram of acceptance was the first act of Senator McNary after he had been sworn into office. Director Retires After 30 Years. OREGON CITY, Or., June 17 (Spe cial.) O. A. Pace, II. A. Rands, Roswell L. Holman. and Fred J. Meyer are the condldates for School Director at the annual election to be held In Oregon City Monday. Two directors are to be chosen for three-year terms, to suc ceed George A. Harding, who la retir ing after more than SO years' service, and Mr. Rands, who is a candidate.' to succeed himself. The judges of elec tion are H. M. Templeton, Frank Moore and F. C. Burke and the clerks are E. II. Cooper and K. W. Rowland. Pershlnir DIrs Into Mail. PARIS. June 17. Major-General Pershing, the American commander, spent a quiet morning attending to business in his office and trying to catch up with aceumuated correspond ence. He "lunched at noon with M. Vivisni, Minister of J us tics. Kalian Hotel Mistress Murdered. iTOCKTON, Cal., June 17. Ida Russo, mistress of the Toscani Hotel, a lodging-house in the Italian quarter, was murdered today by a man known only as "Joe," " who escaped immediately after he had cut her throat. WHEEL CHAIRS, ELECTRIC MEDICINAL BATTERIES, ELECTRIC VIBRATORS, SCALES, CRUTCHES Sold or Rented by the Week or Month on Small Payments FRESH STOCK AT RIGHT PRICES $1.00 Hinds' Honey Almond Cream 83 ? Peerless Almond Cream 25, 50f , 85 C 25c Woodbury's Soap 22 50c Cameline 400 50c Dickey Creme de Lis 400 50c Odorono 450 25c Mum 200 BRING US THOSE FILMS TO FINISH FREE Development when prints are or dered and DOUBLE STAMPS. 18s ' 25cSpiro .' 2O0 $1.00 Othine 850 $1.00 Mioleno Freckle Cream 850 60c Stillxnan Freckle Cream... .S!)0 50c Malvina Cream 390 Rosea ted Cream OO0 50c Berry Freckl Cream. 450 50c Java lUz Poudre JiOe Djer-Kiss Face Powder 500-$ I $1.00 Delatone 850 13c Colgate's Alround Soap, 3 for :i50 10c Shah of Persia Olive Castile Soap, 3 for 250 60c Mentholatum .' J?0 50c Santiseptic Lotion 450 50c Simm's Liniment 400 Cummer's Energine 250 Wood-Lark Poison Oak Salve 250 75c Arbolone Tablets O50 WAR CENSUS CARD CASES Well made of leather, and transparent cellu loid. Preserves the card--saves disputes. Priced 50d to 5.00 ftVBK MABSMAU. 700-W0V0r A 6171 J s. p- STREET AT WIST MBK Always & H." Stamps First Three Floors. LOAN FIGURES SLOW Estimate of Subscriptions Is Now $2,800,000,000. 3 DISTRICTS COMPLETE Orders of More Than $10,000 Are to Be Cut Down, as Soon as Air Official Returns Have Been Made to Department. ' WASHINGTON. June 17. With three Federal reserve district totals complete and the work of tabulating returns In the other nine nearing Its end. indica tions were tonight that liberty loan subscriptions would total In the final count approximately 12.800,000.000, and that the total would be definitely known, subject to minor revisions, late tomorrow. Final tabulations were reported to day by -the Philadelphia and Cleveland reserve banks. Although Atlanta s to tal of 152.500.000 was completed yes terday no official report had been re ceived at the Treasury today. The Philadelphia and Cleveland figures were not announced. -nut they were known to approximate $229,000,000 and 1279,000.000 respectively. Treasury officials are desirous of re ceiving official returns at the earliest practicable moment, that the mammoth task of makfng allotments soon may be commenced. It Is possible that all subscribers up to $10,000 will receive their allotments in full, thus restrict ing tha pro-rating of allotments to subscriptions In excess of that sum In bringing the total down to (2,000,000.. 000 In accordance witb Secretary ilc Adoo's announcement. in the absence of official returns, Treasury officials continued their si lence today. Nearly all tha offices In the Treasury were closed In con trast to recent Sundays when tha cam paign was under way. TABULATION'S CONFIRM GUESS Twrlfth District Will Subscribe for $180,000,000 or Bonds. SAM FRANCISCO, June 17. Results of today's tabulations of the subscrip tions to ths liberty loan' for the Twelfth Federal Reserve District car ried out tha prediction that the final total would be 1180.000.000. or 140,000, 000 more than the minimum allotment. John Perrin, chairman of the Fed eral Reserve Bank, stated here tonight that the semi-official total will be reached tomorrow and sent to Wash ington. Several days will be required to recheck the subscriptions In order to avoid duplications, he said. Coustantlne Readies Messina. ROME, via Paris, Juna 17. A dis patch to the Glornale D'ltalia says ex King Constantino of Greece arrived at Messina, Sicily. Sunday morning and was expected to leave immediately for Switzerland. Stockman Dragged to Death. ORAXOEVILLE, Idaho, June 17. (Special.) F. I. Twilllger, stockman, of Salmon River country for many years, was thrown from his horse and dragged to rtenth yesterdey. Mr. Twil llger was 55 years of age and is sur vived by a widow and several children. $10,000 VERDICT IS WON Lane Jury Awards Half to Widow of Victim of Train. EUGENE, Or., June 17. (Special.) A Jury in the Lana County Circuit Court last night returned a verdict against the Southern Pnclflc Company for damages In the sum of 110,000 for the heirs of William Framheln, who was killed in tunnel No. 4, on the Coos Bay line of , the Southern Pa'clf ic sys tem, June 16. 1916- A speeder on which Framheln was riding was run down by a work train. The Jury divided Its verdict, allowing the widow $5000, and a son. George, aged 8, )5000. Lots of people who have opinions hut no convictions ought to be ccanvicted for hnvlng such opinions. 9 A m v .rfi u iHaKZaiiEiiMhs4 U 3 IT FOR HUMANITY IIRST in trouble, ca-H tastrophe, sorrow, and suffering the American Red Cross. WILL. YOU GIVE something; towards relief upon blood-stained battle fields and tear-stained hearths ? , Remember, this is Red Cross Week. torthwestern' tarns'- -S3 i LZi vs - IN the Grille and Pompeian Res taurant we have adopted the National Administration's in junction to continue "business as usual; with elimination of waste." J Therefore, by eliminating waste, we are able to continue business as usual without charging you any more than, formerly. Wmjetfm Mai A Manager. u sa.- - -"-tt II T--lf' g- ' TTTi .a. and Canadian Pacific Rockies KALEIDOSCOPE of sunny skis and rivers of lea, pic turesque Indian and up-to-date American, Totem polas ' and gold mines, do; teams and luxurious trains reached by delightful Canadian Pacific steamers passing through island-dotted inside passage and sheltered fjords of the British Columbia Coast to the Iand of the Midnight Sun. On your way to and from the Coast take in the panoramic route of the Canadian Pacific Railway "The World's Greatest Highuxjy" and do the Canadian Pacific Rockies. No side-trips necessary. Enjoy the comforts of the great hotels at Banff, Lake Louise, Field and Glacier. Foe full information phone, call or write for Tout No. w-4. J. V. Mvrphy, tin, A art.. I'aaaa'arr Dept. r3 Third Street Portlandt Oregon Chateau, ontheshoreof I I an exquisite lake with Vf Banff Springs Great mountains tower around the superb hotel at Banff. Sport of every description golf, sul phur swimming pool, not springs, pony rid. ing. mountain climbing. Sarcie Canadian Pacific Standard. Nona Bttar. Chateau, en the shore of an exquisite lake with a background of enow clsd mountain glacier. See the Lakes in the Clouds and the Valley oi the Ten Peaks. Looclit Spot in North America. Vancouver With ft mafrnttlcent harbor and fine new Canadian Pacific Hotel. A city of motor drivot uniurpMaMi Prod'rtt Tllt Vf.r-. 'J.llf. l'art fur !ik and rra-t'aai'ls 'i'ru v.1.