THE MORNING OREG ONIAN, MONDAY, APRIL 30, 1917.
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ket street.
rORTLAXD, MONDAY, AFRII. SO, 1917.
A VICTOR! FOB DEMOCRACY.
By adopting the selective draft for
military service, Congress lias decided
to follow the principle of equality of
duty In the war for safety of the Re
publio and of democracy throughout
the world. It has decided that de
mocracy shall prevail In fighting, for
the country as in voting for Its of
ticials. It has decided that, by throw
ing Its entire qualified manhood Into
the struggle, the United States shall
pull Its full weight In the team of
democratic nations.
The victory Is a momentous event In
the history of the Nation. It is the
fruit of a campaign of education
which as dispelled many pleasant de
lusions as to our military history and
lias retold the story of our former
wars In their true light. It has been
Hided by the precepts of the terrific
ptruggle which Is going on day by day
before our eyes. Our most Impressive
lesson has been that compulsory serv
ice Is not a mere tool of militarism,
but Is a tool equally efficient in the
hands of a democracy or a despot: In
fact Is the only tool by which de
mocracy can hope to win.
The case for the draft has been
rrm.de stronger by the slow progress of
recruiting while the debate has been
Jn progress. A week ago Secretary of
Var Baker said that 725,000 men were
jieeded to bring the regular Army and
the National Guard" to war strength.
Subsequent enlistments cannot even
have brought this deficiency down to
700,000. Continued reliance on volun
teers would have postponed to a com
paratively remote date the time when
the United States could have taken a
part In the war corresponding with Its
human resources. We should have
been in the Ignoble position of letting
other nations do our fighting while
we provided money and material to
keep up the fight. That position Is in
tolerable for a self-respecting Nation.
In refusing to assume it. Congress
truly represented the people.
Adoption of the draft may prove a
strong inducement to voluntary enlist
ment. Men of military age and young
men approaching that age will prefer
the reputation of having volunteered
to the risk of being taken by compul
sion. This Is particularly true of
young men of 18 or 19, for they are
the ones who most readily volunteer.
The Union Army in the Civil War was
composed mainly of men under twenty,
and this is likely to be true of the
army which will fight In this war.
The danger is that. If volunteers are
accepted without discrimination, many
men may be taken who can 111 be
ppared from their civil occupations
from a war viewpoint. The Army bill
will not be perfect unless It Includes
provision for the exclusion from the
fighting force of men who will be
more valuable In agriculture and in
dustry and for the distribution of labor
according to the war necessities of
civil occupation. If this should not be
done, we shall have only half applied
the lessons taught by the costly experi
ence of the allies.
It will now be possible for the
United States to send an army to
France much earlier than could have
been done under the voluntary system.
It is roughly estimated that at war
strength the regular Army and Na
tional Guard will comprise 1,200,000
men. With assurance of an early
levy of 500,000 men, an equal number
of this force could be put In Intensive
training for active service. A military
member of the French commission has
said that after eleven weeks of such
training, troops could safely be sent to
France for further training in the rear
for a few weeks and then could be
broken into the practical work of
trench war. If ships can be spared
from carrying food and munitions, a
large part of the best trained troops
might be at the front in September to
take part in the last two or three
months' operations of this year. With
assurance of this reinforcement, the
British and French could meanwhile
use their forces with less caution In a
constant hammering of the German
lines and could make more rapid
progress in clearing the enemy out of
occupied territory, carrying the war
Into Germany and breaking the ene
my's power. The war would be short
ened, victory for democracy made
more certain, and the waste of life and
resources greatly diminished.
EQUAL TO THE BEST PORTS.
Success has been achieved in mak
lng the depth of the channel at the
entrance of the Columbia River
greater than at the entrance to many
of the greatest ports in the world
and adequate for safe navigation by
any ship now afloat. This is the re
sult of jetty construction during the
last thirty years and of dredgin. dur
ing the last few years. The low-water
depth of forty feet has been perman
ently attained. The possibility of its
decrease has been removed, and its in
crease by natural forces hastened by
dredging is assured.
The depth of the channel on the
Columbia River bar Is equal to that
at the entrance of New York harbor,
which has been passed frequently by
the huge Vaterland, and Is exceeded
by Portsmouth, N. H., alone among
Atlantic Coast ports. It Is greater
than that at Manila; at all Canadian
ports except Halifax and St. Johns; at
all English ports except Falmouth, in
eluding the great ports of London,
Liverpool, Newcastle, Plymouth, Ports
mouth and Southampton; at any Irish
or Scotch port; at any German1 port.
including Hamburg, the second port
in the world in volume of pre-war
commercj; at any port in Franco ex
cept Marseilles; at any port in Bel
gium, Holland, Denmark, Sweden,
Roumanla, Spain, Australia or New
Zealand; at any port in Russia ex
cept Sebastopol and Vladivostok; any
where In Africa except Bizerta and Al-
giers, the Suez Canal having only
thirty-two feet.
Portland has submitted too long
to the detraction of rivals and of
misinformed Government officials. It
should lose no opportunity to make
the truth known. Undeniable official
reports should be circulated among
authorities and shipowners of every
port In the world. No proof Is better
than the testimony of shipmasters
who have actually navigated the chan
nel and visited this port. The building
of ships on the Columbia, every one
of which must go to sea through the
Columbia channel, is a fine oppor
tunity to proclaim the facts to the
shipping world, and every ship which
comes will enlarge this opportunity.
A port safe for ships and offering
lucrative commerce is an Irresistible
attraction. If to It be added ample,
modern port facilities. Let the truth
be spread abroad.
PORTLAND'S BRANCH RESERVE BANK.
In establishing branches at Port
land,' Seattle and Spokane, the Federal
Reserve Bank of San Francisco has
recognized the just claims of the Pa
cific Northwest to the same facilities
as Its location at the California me
tropolis gives to that state. The Pa
cific Northwest is a country In itself,
and Is as fully a unit in " business as
is any other section of the country
having like products, the same mar
kets and a common business center.
Time consumed In .communicating
with San Francisco has materially re
stricted the usefulness of the bank at
that city to this section, as well as its
volume of business.
It Is not possible at present to af
filiate all the Btate, banks of Portland
with the Federal Reserve system, as
Is proposed by those of Spokane, for
some amendments In the state bunking
law are needed to clear the way, but
the branch reserve bank will hasten
the coupling of all the banks, state
as well as National, in one system.
Doubtless all the features of federa
tion proposed by Spokane will soon
follow. ,
WHY NOT?
Oregon, if it would make the ef
fort, could probably secure representa
tion on the American Commission to
Russia. It would be an honor to the
state and perhaps one of commercial
value.
One of Portland's best-known citi
zens Is a native of Russia. We refer
to William H. Galvani. Mr. Galvanl
has been In America about thirty-five
years and Is above all an American.
Nevertheless, he has kept in touch
with Russian politics and Russian lit
erature. In addition, he is one of
the most widely read men in Portland,
is a civil engineer of repute and an
able public speaker.
His presence on the commission.
either as a member or in a confi
dential capacity would, we believe,
be a distinct acquisition. He knows
the Russian people and speaks their
language. He knows the American
people and speaks theirs.
So far as The Oregonian knows, Mr.
Galvanl has taken no steps to secure
place on the commission. But It
is altogether certain, in view of his
known willingness to serve his coun
try, that If his peculiar qualifications
were brought to the attention of the
Government and he were offered the
place, he would accept.
WIIAT THRIFT IS.
Now that thrift has become a spe
cial patriotic duty, enjoined on all who
would serve their country. It is good to
have a working definition of thrift.
A writer in Associated Men, a maga
zine published by the International
Committee of the Young Men's Chris-
tion Association, fills our need by lay
ing down three principal rules for the
government of the thrifty man. First,
such a man should learn to distinguish
between luxuries and necessities. Sec
ond, he should learn to know good
value. Third, he should adopt some
sort of budget system in his own af
fairs. Nothing quite takes the place
of the budget as a help to keeping
within one's income.
The rules are not difficult to fol
low but they require some thought.
It is not so easy, for example, to draw
the line between luxuries and neces
sities as It was when we had fewer of
either. It is not a third of a century
since bathing oftener than once a week
was rated among the luxuries and
nickeled open plumbing was unknown
Now a good many of the comforts that
used to be denied us have become
common necessities, and there is no
need to do away with them. But It Is
undoubtedly true, on the other hand
that people do not need all the things
they buy. The arts of salesmanship
are devoted to creating demand for
much that we could get along without.
Learning not to want thing just be
cause we see them Is an important
part of the lesson of thrift.
Getting good value for one's money
Is simply exercising business sense. It
Involves less ordering by telephone on
the part of the housewife and more
careful attention to details by the so
called "head of the house." But no
business man has the right to com
plain if his customers insist on getting
everything, both as to quantity and
quality, that they pay for. No retailer
could last a year if he was as careless
In buying from the wholesaler as many
of his customers are in buying from
him.
The budget system Is growing in
popularity everywhere. Its admitted
advantages are so great that even the
United States Government Is likely to
adopt It some day. It Is already prac
ticed by all careful business men
Only with knowledge where the money
goes can the most that is desirable be
obtained for It.
It is. worth noting that Harry Lau
der, one of the thriftiest souls who
ever got a dollar's worth for every dol
lar, puts first emphasis upon getting
good value for every cent expended.
"Tradesmen always insist on getting
good money from you," said Lauder.
Benjamin Franklin, who set a pretty
good example for Young America,
preached thrift constantly. And Presi
dent Wilson has said: "We are in this
world, ' not to provide for ourselves
alone but for others, and that is the
basis of economy so that thrift and
economy and everything which min
isters to thrift and economy supply the
foundations of National life."
It is necessary to get rid of the idea
that lavish spending is a sigh of liber
ality and that small economies? are
beneath big men. It is especially nec
essary that everybody should live
within his Income and show his pa
triotism by getting down to the hard
pan of living. If all Americans would
practice thrift they could defy the
world.
Not only are modern sea fights re
turning to the hand-to-hand methods
of olden days, but land battles are
tending In the same direction. The
other day we read of the revival of
the forgotten cutlass; now it is bay
onets on the western front. And un
der the test the men are pretty much
the same.
THE HARVEST OF HATE.
The campaign of hate In Germany
has proved a veritable Frenkenstein
monster, according to the conclusions
reached by Xr. Albert Hellwlg, a Po
lice Court Judge of Berlin, whose recently-published
book on "The War
and Crime Among the Young" IS re
viewed by a writer in the London
Daily Mail. The effect of preaching
hate is seen in the striking Increase In
juvenile crimes of violence and bru
tality.
Twice as many crimes of this class
were committed by children In 1916 as
In 1914, according to the Police Court
records of Berlin, while Munich re
ported as many Juvenile crimes the
first three months of 1915 as In the
entire year 1914. Stuttgart showed a
large Increase and Frankfort, while
reporting a falling off in minor of
fenses, had an increase of 40 per
cent In serious cases. The showing is
amazing as to the very young. A large
number of boys between 16 and 18 are
In the army, and subject to Its re
straints and discipline, but youths un
der 16 are appearing In Increased
numbers before the bar of justice.
Various causes have contributed to
the situation, among them relaxation
of parental discipline, decrease in the
number of policemen due to the mobi
lization, and trashy war books and
films which have literally run riot in
the country, but It is believed that all
of these combined have not had an in
fluence equal to that of the studied
campaign of hate fostered, if not or
dered, by officials of the German war
department. These influences have
been distinctly anti-educational. Boys
minds have been fired. In their most
Impressionable age, with the notion
that hatred Is a manly thing, and a
duty they owe the state. At the same
time a vast amount of cheap war
literature is being circulated In which
this thought Is emphasized. Youthful
imaginations are in a turmoil. It is
not strange that the propaganda
should lead to excesses of all sorts, for
the child Is often quite Incapable of
discriminating.
Blame for this condition is placed
directly upon the Prussian go"ern
ment, la view of the fact that more
than a year ago It Issued a positive
order forbidding teachers in the public
schools to combat the spread of na
tional hate, as had been proposed by
certain Individuals who foresaw Its
results and dreaded them. "No oppor
tunity may be permitted for such en
deavors," said the decree. And now
the country Is beginning to gather the
first fruits of Its harvest of hate.
WE MUST FIGHT AGAINST TIME.
The most urgent needs of the allied
cause are that German submarines be
destroyed faster than the Germans can
replace .them, that an ample stream of
food and munitions be kept flowing
across the Atlantic to Britain, France
and Italy, and that the armies of Ger
many and Austria be kept so fully oc
cupied on the west and south that they
will not be able to take the offensive
against Russia before that country has
reorganized Its forces for a new offen
sive. While the United States Is doing
its utmost to aid in these efforts, it
will be preparing an army of its own
to reinforce the western allies.
Increased success of submarines it
evident by the larger number of ves
sels sunk each week of this month, by
British warnings of growing scarcity
of food and by prospective restrictions
on consumption. France and Italy are
in dire need of fuel as well as food.
The anti-submarine campaign must be
prosecuted with greater vigor and suc
cess, and exports of food and fuel must
include a larger margin for losses at
sea. In order that destruction of
U-boats may get ahead of their rapid
production in Germany and In order
that the allies may be fully supplied.
This requires speeding up In produc
tion of submarine-chasers and their
ammunition, of merchant ships and of
food and fuel.
. As submarines increase In number
and swell their toll of destruction, the
war becomes more than ever a race
between them and the allied armies.
The question Is: Shall Germany re
duce the allied nations to starvation
and their armies to impotence before
the allies can penetrate Into Germany
and seize the sources of material of
which submarines are built and the
ports whence they start, or shall the
allies pound the German armies to
pieces, invade Westphalia and the
Rhine country, where are the great
steel works and coal mines, attack
Hamburg, Bremen, Lubeck, Danzig,
Wilhelmshaven and Kiel from the land
side and drive the German fleet to sea
to make one last bid for naval victory
before the submarines can gain con
trol of thesea? If America can give
the allies such support aa will enable
them to reach the Rhine next Autumn,
their victory should be sure and the
work before the American Army next
year would be to share in its comple
tion. Von Hlndenburg"s plan apparently
was to conserve his resources and to !
gain time for the submarines to do
their work, attempting no offensive
except possibly against Russia for the
capture of Riga and Petrograd on the
north and Odessa on the south. To
this end, he withdrew his army from
the Smashed Somme positions with a
view both of shortening his line and
forcing the French and British to fight
across a devastated strip of country
twenty miles wide. But the allies de
clined to make their main attack on
the ground which he selected for
them. They chose their own ground,
and smashed the pivots at Vimy Ridge
and the Aisne River on which he had
swung back. From General Maurice's
statement that the British attack had
been planned as far back as February,
that Is, before the German retreat' had
begun, it' may be Inferred that the
allies had divined Von Hlndenburg"s
purpose and had prepared to defeat It.
Their success during April is not to
be measured by the extent of territory
they have gained, but by Its strategic
effect on the German position In the
west and on the German plan as a
whole. By smashing the pivots they
have forced the Germans into mobility
along a much longer stretch of the line
than Von Hindenburg Intended, have
Inflicted a loss of about 200,000 men
and about 300 guns, have won com
manding positions from which they
can pursue their advance with greater
ease and smaller loss, have put Lens,
with Its coal mines. In a pocket
and have seriously impaired German
morale. The British may cow force a
German retirement from Lens through
the same motives as the Germans
abandoied Combles, Bapaume and Pe
ronne on the Somme front, may drive
ahead to Douai and thus pocket La
Bassee and get In line with Lille. ' The
French may drive through the weak
point in the German line east of the
Craonne Plateau and put Laon In an
other pocket. The allies would then,
be In the rear of the line to which the
Germans have retired and would be In
a position to capture large sections of
the German army. To avoid capture,
the Germans would then have to re
tire again and abandon another broad
strip of country.
Well supplied by America and confi
dent of reinforcements from this coun
try, the allies may push the attack so
persistently as to give the Germans no
time to dig In and recover themselves.
An end may thus be put to trench war
fare, for which the Germans have al
ready conceived a horror since their
experiences on the Somme and ,Vlmy
Ridge. Elaborate defensive lines are
credibly reported to have been con
structed by the Germans across Bel
glum, but they may be of small use
now that the Teuton soldiers have
learned to regard them as traps In
which nerve-wracking bombardment
followed by death or capture awaits
them. So Important does Von Hinden
burg consider holding the Douai plain
that he constructed the so-called
switch line between Drocourt and
Queant In front of that city and sacri
ficed thousands of men In a vain effort
to recover the lost positions farther
west. But the switch line is already
pierced at Oppy and is threatened by
the loss of Arleux.
The success of the western allies' at
tack may well have already had an
effect beneficial to Russia by using
up troops designed for an offensive
against Riga and Petrograd. By giv
ing the enemy no rest, they may put
out of the question any" German of
fensive in the east, especially as Italy
will soon be able to renew operations
against Austria and as the Balkan
campaign should soon begin. With
this assistance, Russia should be able
to hold the present line while pre
paring her forces for a new offensive.
The present military situation in the
west and its great possibilities serve to
corroborate the opinion of some mili
tary writers, expressed two years ago,
that the- war would be decided in the
west and that it was folly for the allies
to scatter their forces In remote fields
for operations which could be at best
only auxiliary. By a resistless drive
from France through Belgium, the al
lies can liberate the latter country, can
do much to cripple Germany by con
quest of Westphalia and the Rhine
country, can advance to take the great
German ports in the rear and can
render the Kaiser powerless to succor
his two weak allies, Austria and Tur
key. Russia and Italy between them
could dispose of the former, while
Russia and the British armies of Meso
potamia and Egypt could deal with
Turkey. If this forecast should prove
correct, the United States will partici
pate in the decisive campaign In the
decisive field of operations. By mak
ing our aid effective, we may hasten
the war to a conclusion before the
end of 1918.
The vegetable pie Is one of the cre
ations resulting from new food condi
tions in Europe, particularly in Italy,
which has borrowed the germ of the
idea from New England and has
adapted It to the local situation. Fruit
and vegetables are still relatively plen
tiful and flour is expensive, so the re
sult has been a "confection," In which
the crust is rather thin, but the fill
ing seeks to atone for the deficiency.
The high price of sugar acts as an au
tomatic check against over-sweetening.
Spinach pie and carrot pie already
have won a high place In popular es
teem, while a dumpling stuffed with
beans, carrots and potatoes is said to
be in favor, particularly on meatless
days, the beans serving in part as a
meat substitute on account of their
high protein content. Europe in the
past has been Inclined to look askance
at pie, and Its adoption at this time
is another of the signs of the spread
of American civilization to the Old
World.
Flooding of the Treadwell mine In
Alaska Is a disaster' without parallel
in the gold-mining industry. It Is a
tragic climax to one of the most ro
mantic among the many romantic sto
ries associated with mining. The
mountain of low-grade ore which
forms the Treadwell and adjoining
m-ines was discovered by Pete Juneau
after whom the Alaska capital was
named. It was at first quarried, but
of late years the workings have been
carried downward until they reached
under Gastineau Channel, which has
punished the company for its daring
by drowning it. The gold output of
Alaska may be diminished for a few
years by this misfortune, but develop
ment progresses so rapidly that the
loss should soon be made good.
Mayor Thompson's refusal to Invite
the distinguished Frenchmen to Chi
cago because their presence would af
front a large German population puts
him in the little American class. The
executive of any bush-league city is
big by comparison.
The horrible story purporting to
come from Berlin that bodies of dead
men were being tried for oil for me
chanical purposes lacked the first Item
of truYh. There are no fat men after
more than two years of short "feed,
There Is bound to be much tolera
tlon each for the other in the case
of the pair married nineteen years.
separated for sixteen and Just remar
rled. The mistakes of the first "senx
ester" will be avoided.
A vote may not have been worth
the sixty-mile walk taken by Mrs. Par
themer, but consider the healthy exer
cise she had and the fund of informa
tion she gathered about Oregon roads.
It is rather unusual for Municipal
Judge Stevenson to announce his In
tentlons, but the first man to go be
fore him for not cutting his weeds
cannot plead he did not know.
In view of the late season. It will
be well to take another leaf from the
book of B. Franklin and plow deep
while sluggards sleep."
The profuse bloom of the cherry
trees means plenty of fruit If nothing
happens, and seldom does Oregon have
a short crop.
Have you noticed the man In uni
form is the first to arise In a crowded
car? He's a soldier and a' gentleman.
Now what will the city do for
"morals' since Mr. Will Warren has
resigned to run for Mayor?
The Queen of May will need all
her furs.
"Home guards for the gardens!"
How to Keep Well.
By Dr. W. A Etuu.
Questions oertlnent to hvrlna Sanitation
and prevention of disease, If matters of gen
eral Interest, will be answered In this col
umn. Where space will not permit or the
subject Is not suitable letters will be per
sonally answered, subject to proper limita
tions and where stamped addressed envelop
is inclosed. Err. Evans will not make dlagnoeis
or pr-serlbe for Individual diseases. Re
quests tor uch services cannot be answered.
(Copright, 118. by Dr. W. A. Evans.
Published by arrangement with the Chicago
Tribune.)
Sailor Skin.
I HAVE recently returned from a
trip through the arid and lemt
arld sections of the West. One conclu
sion to which I have eome Is that
their excellent climate la not an un
mixed blessing. It is good for consump
tion. The consumptive who baa money
enough to live without working until
such time as he la able to work, who
will not suffer from homesickness, who
la willing to take orders. Increases his
chance of getting well or of arresting
his disease by chasing the cure in the
West. Of that I saw evidence enough
to satisfy. I also aaw proof that it
was no place for a society girl to de
velop a peachblow complexion.
I saw an unusual amount of Bailor
skin out on the desert. Dr. Sutton, of
Kan sun Cityr who draws many patlenta
from that part of the country, tella me
that It la very prevalent In that ac
tion. Sailor skin results from exposure to
bright sunlight. A patch appears at
given spot. It may. and probably
will, persist there for years. " In the
East persona who live In overheated,
overdry houses and offices develop
such patches, and some of these dis
appear In the Summer to reappear In
the Winter. In some parts of the West
some of these patches disappear In the
rainy season and reappear when the
land has again become dry.
The patches are most apt to appear
on the back of the hand. Next In order
are certain locations around the face
near the hair line, on the lips, on the
nose. They are much more apt to ap
pear In middle-aged and old people.
They are more frequently found In
men.
When a patch appears on the hand
or face of an elderly man It seldom
disappears unless the man changes
climate or haa the place treated.
The patches of themselves do little
or no harm. They do form the basis
for skin cancer, which, though the
mildest form-of cancer, is not a matter
to anticipate with complete equanim
ity. Patches in the very early stages can
be removed by nightly repeated appli
cations of cold cream. Sutton says
that cold cream will prevent the patches
from coming back if a person will avoid
hard water and alkaline soapa. If the
patches are better established they can
be removed by the application of a
salve consisting of one part salicylic
acid, one part aulphur and 30 parts
vaseline. This la to be painted on at
night, covered with oil silk and left on
until morning. After a few days the
scaly mass can be removed with ben
zine or grease. Carbonic dioxide snow
is excellent for removing these patches.
X-rays and radium are better than any
other agents.
To prevent sailor skin protect the
skin as much as possible against alkali
water, alkali soapa. dry, dusty winds,
bright sunlight and dry air.
Food for Babies.
F. B. J. writes: "Will you kindly
give the proper proportions to be used
in preparing food of the following In
gredients for a baby 2 months old:
Milk (certified), water, sugar and lime
water. Previously I had Bplendid suc
cess with this combination, but have
forgotten the proportions used."
REPLY.
First weigh your baby. Assuming that ho
weighs 12 pounds, mix 18 to 18 ounces of
milk (about one and one-half ounces for
each pound of weight), water ten ounces.
malt food or malt sugar three-quarters to
one ounce. This Is enough ror one day.
Feed six times, giving four to four and
one-half ounces at a feeding. If you wish
to do so, substitute lime water for plain
water, though you will not gain by doing so.
N Blood Transfusion.
B. M. writes: "1. In the operation of
transfusion of blood. Is the person
from whom the blood is taken weak
ened or made 111 by the process? 2. Is
he retained' at the hospital or allowed
to return home at once? 3. Would
doctors think it wise to transfer blood
from a healthy 10Tyear-old boy to his
5-year-old sister? 4. In a city hospital,
are the boys and girls kept In separate
wards, or might the boy be allowed a
bed beside his sister s?
REPLY.
1. No.
2. He la allowed to return home.
8. Yea.
4. In most hospitals feoya and girls of
ten years of age and less are kept In the
same hospital wards. A person who had
been used as a source of blood for transfu
slon may be faint for a short while-
Don't Eat Ssctr,
F. P. J. writes: "How can I lose 15
to 20 pounds? " I am 23 years old, 6
feet 6 inches high, and weigh 180
pounds. I work from 12 to 14 hours
a day. I eat three good meals every
lay."
REPLY.
Eat no sugar or anything which contains
sugar. Eat two small slices of bread a day
and no more. Eat no biscuits, rolls, muffins,
crackers, or anything else mada from wheat.
rye, or corn flour. Eat no potatoes. Eat
no cereals or other breakfast foods. Eat all
the green or succulent vegetables you wish.
Eat meat, both fat ana lean.
HOW ARMY DISCIPLINE ITAMPEItS
Influence for Discharge of Slackers and
Congressloasl Red Tape Factors.
HlhliSBORO, Or.. April 23. (To the
Editor.) In The Oregonian April 26,
the first editorial very strongly ap
pealed to me as being "meet for the
occasion." The courage of a real soldier
can hardly exceed the courage of a
Representative in the halls of Congress
who does his duty fearlessly and re
fuses to wait with his "ear to the
ground" to see what his constituents
will think before he acts.
The discipline of the Army la ham
pered and demoralized by
First, Telegraphic orders from Wash
lneton for the discharge of some home
sick soldier .whose parents are valua
ble constituents parents and friends
who importune the Senator and Repre
sentatives who are back of such tele
crams.
Such orders may rid a company of a
sicker, but the moral effect on discipline
Is demoralising.
Second, The wrangling of representa
tives of the people In the halls of Con
gress over appropriations for the neces
sities in the way of supplies which are
not forthcoming, and the unnecessary
red tape for the procuring of proper
support for the military, which, alas:
may arrive too late.
Such conditions obtained In 1898 and
by no lack of the stand for "moral cour
age that is needed" should such condi
tions be allowed to maintain at this.
"the greatest crisis of the ra , be
cause of political whims of a man who
should be a true Representative of th
people. L. W. HIDE, M. D.
DOUBT CAST ON MEEK EPISODE
Dr. Newella Champoeic Letters Fail to
3Ientloa Dramatic.
WALLA WALLA, April 28. (To the
Editor.) The near approach of the date
for the annual deliberation at Cham-
poeg of the beginning of organised
government In Oregon, lends interest to
an account of the Champoeg meeting of
May 2, 1843, written by Dr. Robert
Newell and printed in the issue of De
cember 9, 1866. of the Oregon Herald
(Portland). Robert Newell was one of
the very early Oregon pioneers. He
first settled with his family. In com
pany with Joseph L. Meek and fam
ily, on the Tualatin Plains In the Win
ter of 1840-41. He afterwards moved to
Oregon City and later to Champoeg,
which became the permanent residence
of himself and family until 1867, when
they removed to Lewiston. Idaho. He
was regularly chosen a member of the
Legislature of the Provisional Govern
ment until 1849, and twice he was
Speaker of that body. He was a real
leader among the Mountain Men, so
called, who took part In the organiza
tion of the Provisional Government,
and was later a close friend of Jesse
Applegate. Peter H Burnett, Senator
Nesmith and others of the pioneers who
did not sympathize with the purely sec
tarian and antl-Hudsons Bay Com
pany antagonisms and combinations
common to Oregon politics of the '40s
and early '60s. His religious connection
was with the Episcopal Church.
Dr. Newell'a letters to the Oregon
Herald In 1866-67 were controversial
In reply to criticisms of a personal na
ture "by W. II. Gray, who had been con
tributing to the Astoria Marine Gazette
a series of letters concerning Oregon
events and Individuals. It Is noticeable
that Dr. Newell does not mention the
dramatic feature of the Champoeg
meeting, the "Who's for a Divide" of
Joseph L. Meek. Who, then, did first
print the story of that vivid episode?
Judge J. Qulnn Thornton used it in his
History of the Provisional Govern
ment," printed in 1875, but In almost
identical terms with that by W. H. Gray
In 66. Brown's later and more accurate
'Political History of Oregon" does not
mention it. Dr. Newell also states that
the majority was five, in contradiction
of Gray's account of only two.
Dr. Newell's letter follows:
T. C. ELLIOTT.
4 Oregon Herald of December 9, 18G8.)
FIRST MASS MEETING IN OREGON.
Editor Herald: After due notice the nennla
of Oregon met at Champoeg In May (2d)
1S43, to take Into consideration the propriety
of an organization until such time as the
Government of the United States would ex
tend its Jurisdiction over us. For different
reasons the project found not a little oddo-
sltion; but after much argument for and
against the meeting was called to order and
Dr. (Ira L.) fiabroch waa elected president
and the other officers of the meeting se
lected. A motion was then made that the con
vention proceed to organize a political gov
ernment for the country, to continue and
be In force until such time as the Govern
ment of the United States should establish
provisional government over the terri
tory. The chairman put the question and
found he vote so close that he waa unable
to decide. He put the Question again, say
ing: "Gentlemen. I am unable to decide.
Those favoring the motion to organize will
please say aye, those opposed say no."
Again the chairman was unable to decide.
A division was called for and the chairman
said: Those favoring the motion will form
line on the right, and those opposed on
the left" (the meeting was held In the open
ID. As the two lines were beinr formed
considerable pulling and hauling, with sharp
words, took place. After about half an
hour the two lines were formed and tel
lers were appointed. The motion prevailed
by five majority, but hart the Frenchmen
opposed the motion, as W. H. Gray says
they did, the motion would have been lost.
Having taken an active part In the af
firmative I recollect the names of some of
the French who voted with us. and here
they are: (Joseph) Gervats. (Etlenne) -L.u-cler,
(Pierre) Beleque, Hornier, (Xavler)
Ladroot. (David) Donplerre and othera. A
majority of those favoring the organization
wanted only m mere understanding of when
and how to act in case of a misunderstand
ing with the Indians, that we could act in
unity and together when called upon..
A motion was made to elect a Governor,
which was lost. A motion waa made to levy
a tax, which waa also lost- A motion to
defray the expenses of the Government by
contribution was carried. Here much con
fusion took place, and to do much looked in
the distance; but to compromise a Sheriff
waa elected, and to bring In the other wing
a Major was elected, and to get the con
fused work already done into a better state
a motion waa mtle to elect a legislative
committee of nine to draft a code of laws
to present to a future mass meeting, such
aa they might think would be accepted by
the people. The time set for the next mass
meeting was the 4th of July following. The
motion prevailed, and after a few more In
effectual splurgos the Legislators were
elected. The members were chosen from
the different parts of the settlement, so
that all would have a representation.
Your humble servant resided at the falls
of the Willamette, now Oregon City. After
deciding when and where the members
should meet the meeting adjourned. And aa
W. H. Gray says to be continued.
ROBERT NEWELL.
ENGLISHMAN WOULD JOIST ARMY
Plea Made for Unnaturalized Residents
With Military Training.
PORTLAND, April 28. (To the Edi
tor.) Now that we are clamoring for
millions of men and competent officers
for our regular Army, I would like to
say a few words In regard to unnatur
alized aliens.
There are hundreds of men In Ameri
ca today who have had previous mili
tary training in the lands pf our allies,
and who have not been in this country
long enough to get their final naturali
zation papers. Why cannot these men
be allowed to serve as officers if they
are fully qualified otherwise? As the
present law stands, citizenship is neces
sary before application for a commis
sion Is accepted, either in regular Army,
Guards or Officers' Reserve Corps
I am only one of many here in Port
land, and there are hundreds elsewhere
so placed. I am ready to fight under
"Old Glory" In the capacity I am fitted
for, if I may be allowed to do so.
There have been rumors that a law
will be passed enabling unnaturalized
aliens of our allies to obtain commis
sions, but they were only rumors. Why
does Congress dally In this National
crisis? How can we make them hustle?
BRITISH-AMERICAN.
SHEEPMEN READY WITH FLEECES
Mr. Lee Would Have Each Donate Two
to Soldiers for Each Thousand Head..
BAKER. Or.. April 28. (To the Edi
tor.) I see that some one has sug
gested to your paper that each person
engaged In the sheep business should
donate to the government for the ben
efit of the soldiers two fleeces of wool
this coming season.
I am quite In accord with the spirit,
but think, however, that It does not
give a correct basis for contribution.
I think the more equitable way would
be that a person' should contribute a
fleece to every thousand head of sheep.
This would be a trifle to contribute
compared with the number of sheep
owned by each person, and would
likely be cheerfully given by all and
would treble the amount of the dona
tion over the plan of one person giving
two fleeces Irrespective of the number
of sheep which they have.
I have been in the sheep business
for many years in this county and am
now running several thousand head. I
merely make this suggestion to further
a good cause. MILES LEE.
Dayllffht Savins; Without Confusion.
PORTLAND. April 29. (To the Edi
tor.) In reference to the daylight sav
ing plan, I can not see the reason for
changing the time and disarranging and
confusing the time tables. Would It not
be Just as well to leave the time as It Is,
the stores to open at 8 o'clock Instead
of at 9 and close at 5 o'clock Instead
of 6, and the working men start one
hour earlier and quit one hour sooner?
We would have the same time without
changing It- CITIZEN.
In Other Days.
Bait a Century A gro.
From The Oregonian. April SO, 1SS7.
New Tork The--latest advices from
Mexico say that Maximilian desires to
capitulate.
Chicago The annexation of Canada
by the United States was strongly ad
vocated by the principal speaker at th
French National Convention at De
troit yesterday. The speaker denounced
British oppression of French Canada.
The Dalles paper learns that Cap
tain Barry has returned to Camp Wat
son after an unsuccessful chase of 400
to 600 miles after the red devils who
stole C. M. Lockwood's train four weeks
ago.
James Cook, of this city, haa a petri
fied turtle which came from near the
i Cascades, and which he has offered to
the Smithsonian Institute.
Rlstorl Is so much in love with the
United States that she la thinking of
settling here.
J. C. Dow has ceased to be editor of
the Columbia Press.
A man who stylea himself "Plowboy
won a footrace from another named
Hamilton yesterday for a $50 aide bet.
Twenty-Five Years A gro.
From The Oregonian. April SO. lSfS.
Philadelphia Six members of "The
Devil's Auction" company are dead aa
the result of the Grand Central Theater
fire.
David Tuthlll, the nominee for Sheriff
on the Citizens-Democratic ticket, haa
decided to withdraw.
"Robin Hood" will be repeated to
night at the Marquam Grand with Caro
line Hamilton, Jessie Bartlett Davis and
Edwin Hoff In the cast
James E. Hunt. Myrtle C. Hunt and
Eveline L. Chapman have Incorporated
the Hunt Hardware Company.
The regular Southern Pacific train
due this morning was wrecked yester
day near Myrtle Creek, deliberately.
The dastards placed tleson the track.
Engineer Morris and Fireman Galling
were injured. No one was killed.
Judge O. N. Denny was presented
with a group of Mongolian pheasants,
handsomely mounted, by the Willamette
Rod and Gun Club last night. J. W.
Whalley made the presentation.
The Morning Enquirer la the name of
a new aally paper at Baker City.
Elwood Baylor, a young man born
and reared In Portland, Is making his
mark at Louisville, Ky., where be Is
foreman In one of the fine arts depart
ments of the Louisville Mantel Works.
FARMER WILL WIN OR LOSE WAR
Glfford Plnchot Points Out Unprece
dented Responsibility of Class.
MILFORD. Pike County, Pennsylva
nia, April 26. (To the Editor.) In this
great time, when every citizen must
do his part, the President has made his
chief appeal to the men who live on
the land. He Is right In doing so, for
the safety of our country Just now is
in the hands of our farmers. What I
mean la not merely our safety and the
safety of our allies in the matter of
food. I mean that the safety of the
United States against foreign invasion
hangs on the decision of the farmers
of the 48 States.
The two great weapons In this war
are arms and starvation. The war
against German arms will be won or
lost in France the war against starva
tion will be won or lost in America.
The Kaiser cannot whip the French
and English armies and the English
navy while England has food. But it is
still possible that the German subma
rines may be able to keep food enough
from reaching England to starve her
Into submission.
If the submarines win, the first Item
in the Kaiser's terms of peace will be
the English fleet. With the English
fleet in his possession, the Kaiser will
be master of the world.
What will happen to us then? Every
man who stops to think knows the an
swer. We shall have money, food, la
bor, land everything that is desirable
in the world excep the power to pro
tect what we have. Experts estimate
that It will take us nine months to get
ready to meet a German army of even
150,000 men. with modern artillery. Un
der such circumstances, would the Ger
mans treat us better than they have
already treated Belgium and France?
Even if the armies of our allies
should crush the German military pow
er this Summer, before the shortace
of food can reach the point of want.
the world would still need vast quan
tities of American food. But if they
do not, only one course can make us
safe, and that is to grow food enough
on our farms for ourselves and our
allies, and to put ships enough on the
sea to carry the food, in spite of the
submarines, to the men who are fight
ing our fight.
If the war lasts beyond this Summer,
it will be the American farmer who will
win or lose the war, who will over
come militarism and autocracy or allow
them to spread and control the world,
ourselves Included.
This Is no fanciful picture, but sober
fact. Many a man will make light of
it until he comes to think it over; but
I venture to say that few will treat
It lightly after careful thought- It is
no more impossible than the great war
itself appeared to be only a few days
before l't besan.
It Is true that we can greatly In
crease the available food supply out
of grain now used In making liquors
and by reducing household waste. But
when these two things are done, and
done thoroughly, they will not be
enough. The final decision "will still
rest In the bands of the men who raise
our food In the first place.
The clear duty of the Nation Is to
guarantee the farmers a fair price for
their crops when grown and a reasona
ble supply of labor at harvest. The
clear duty of the farmer Is to raise
food enough to win this war for de
mocracy against Kalserism.
No such responsibility has ever rested
on any class of men since the world
began as resta today on the farmers
of America.
GIFFORD PINCHOT.
Release Men Servants to Farms.
PORTLAND, April 28. (To the Edi
tor.) I notice from a recent headline
in one of the daily papers that there
la every possibility of there being &
farm-labor shortage In Oregon and
vicinity. Wouldn't this be an oppor
tune time for newspapers to encourage
business houses and home owners who
employ Chinese and Japanese help
doing housework and light labor to
dispense with Chinese and Japanese
help of this kind and replace same
with women and girls who would be
very glad to get thia class of work.
The average Chinese or Japanese man
now employed at housework and scrub
bing around in stores and business
establisr-ments could do a real man's
work ot' farms and In posltiona where
a woman cannot fill In. Couldn't this
idea be worked out for the benefit of
Portland and Oregon as a whole with
out hurting anybody's Interests?
T. B, B.
Displaying the Flag.
DALLAS, Or.. AdtII 28. "To. the Edi
tor.) Please advise through your col
umns the proper manner of hanging
the American flag In various ways.
HOTEL GAIL.
An editorial containing this informa
tion was published Sunday, April 21,
under the title, "Displaying the Flag."