THE 3IORXIXG OREG OXTAX. MONDAY, APRILi 30, 1917. . " o
SHELLS TO BURST
111 TRAINING GIFS
Nerves as Well as Muscles
to Be Hardened for
Actual Warfare.
REAL TRENCHES TO EE DUG
President May Call for 600,000 op
Slope Volunteers for Regular
Army While Conscriptive
Forces Are Mobilizing.
Washington. April 29. soldiering
Will take on an aspect entirely new
to American military science when
training1 of the forces to be assembled
under the draft bill begins at the 16
training cantonments. Careful plans
laid by War Department officials pro
vide for the application immediately of
every lesson learned from European
battle fields.
The American training system prob
ably will follow that used in Canada.
Sections of trench have been built at
the Canadian camps exactly duplicating
Important lines in France held by Can
adian troops. Training in extending
these works and running saps or erect
ing entanglements has gone on to the
accompaniment of actual shell fire to
harden the nerves of the troops as well
as their muscles.
To carry out this scheme, the Cana
dians have placed batteries opposite
the trenches and the infantrymen under
training have done their work night
and day with shrapnel bursting close
to them. The officers, of course, know
the posts to be pounded by the guns
and keep the men out of danger.
Bombing to Be Practiced.
Another work new to American
troops will be bombing practice. It re
quires practice to perfect men In this
revived art of war, and it requires
practice also to teach men to act in
stinctively In repelling bombing par
ties. Machine gun work will be revolu
tionized In Great Britain a separate
machine gun corps has been created to
turn out complete machine gun com
panies, which handle the heavy, water
cooled Vickers-Maxim guns on defen
sive lines. In each company are skilled
mechanics to make repairs, highly
trained gunners, packers and ammuni
tion handlers.
"With the artillery, all the compli
cated mechanism for curtain and bar
rage fire must be provided for. It takes
long training to fit gunners for this
work.
Secretary Baker said today it now
seemed unlikely that the entire 7,000,
000 or more men who will be liable for
duty in the conscriptive forces could
be enrolled, physically examined and
otherwise passed upon for exemptions
before the process of calling to the col
ors began.
Jury Wlieel Flan Favored.
Mr. Baker is inclined to favor the
Jury wheel system of choosing the men
to be called first. Examination of that
number would then be carried out and
enough additional names drawn to fill
up the quota with provision made for
exemptions.
The Secretary Indicated that passage
of the draft bill would be followed by
further vigorous efforts to stimulate
voluntary recruiting in the regular
Army and National Guard. President
Wilson may Issue a proclamation call
ing for 600,000 or more volunteers for
these branches of the service. Mr. Ba
ker made it plain that the War De
partment does not plan to apply the
draft to fill up the regular and guard
forces until the supply of volunteers
has been exhausted.
With a month after enactment of the
bill the Secretary expects to set the
registration date for the conscriptive
forces. A proclamation will be issued
notifying all men affected to appear
at the registration places. The election
machinery of each community will be
used to facilitate registration, and the
police forces will be employed to bring
in those who fail to appear volunta
rily. FOOD CENTRALIZATION AIM
Mr. Hoover Urges Co-operation With
Red Cross.
WASHINGTON. April 29. Herbert
C. Hoover, chairman of the new Na
tional Food Board, pleads for central
ization under the Red Cross supply
service of civilian volunteer relief
work for both Army and Navy, In a
letter to Eliot Wadsworth, acting
chairman of the Red Cross, made pub
lic today. Speaking from his observa
tions as head of the Belgian relief
commission, Mr. Hoover declares the
duplication and waste resulting from
organization of Independent citizens
relief committees in Europe early in
the war should be avoided In the United
States.
The Red Cross announced that its
' supply service, with a chain of ware
houses in the principal cities, will co
operate with patriotic societies in for
warding supplies.
TEUTONS GUARD FORTRESS
(Continued From First Page.)
soldiers attempted to wade through
they would be trapped.
In some sections of Belgium I rode
for at least an hour on the railroad
train and faw nothing but this barbed
wire netting.
Narnnr Defenses Reorganized.
In Namur, which is considered one of
the best strategic points in Belgium,
the Germans have reorganized the en
tire system of defense. Trenches and
underground means of communication
have been established between every
one of the individual forts. So, when
Germany maintains there is no definite
defensive I: :e in the west, Germany
means that the whole country is lorti
fied and that the prmy as It moves
backward can stop almost any place
and fight defensively.
Unless the allies are able to break
through the western line and compel
the Germans to retreat In disorder;
unless the morale of the German army
Is broken, a slow, ruthless retreat may
be expected in this occupied district.
And In case the retreaters take their
time It is certain that they will dyna
mite or burn everything which they are
compelled to leave.
In most of these cities the French
and Belgian inhabitants have been
awaiting day and night for over two
years the return of the allied armies.
They have been awaiting deliverance.
Their suffering they show in every
thing they do. I have seen women
standing in the doorways of partially
destroyed homes, and their faces
showed such bitterness, hatred, such
suffering and distress, that one would
think they could neither cry nor lzugh
again.
The contempt and hatred whloh thesf
people have for the Germans cannot be
described. I is so extensive and so
deep that the German army from time
to time, fearing for Its own safety, has
attempted to win the friendship of the
people. I have seen officers go through
these cities and give moner to the
children, hoping In that way to win
their friendship. But it was not suc
cessful. Children had been taught by
their parents not to accept anything
which was offered them.
In some cities the Germans have
opened schools. German officers who
could speak French and who had been
teachers In Germany were placed n
charge. One day in Munich I met a
young officer who had a school near
Sedan. lie said that, although he had
been there a year, he had been unsuc
cessful. Even the children v.-ere so
belligerent, he remarked, that they Bpat
on him whenever he said anything good
about Germany.
He declared Germany feared the ef
fects of this hatred after the war and
that the army was trying every method
known to education to make friends of
the children. But, he added, he had
learned that it was a hopeless task, be
cause the mothers of the children were
so loyal to France that they had only
one thought the complete defeat and
destruction of the German army.
HOME IS SERMON TOPIC
IDLENESS IMPERILS HAPPI.VESS,
DECLARES MIXISTER.
Biblical Mandate for Haibandi to Love
Their Wives Without Qualifica
tion Pastor's Assertion.
With the singing of "Home, Sweet
Home" by the choir and congregation
at Friends, Church, East Thirty-fifth
and Main streets, at yesterday even
ing's service. Rev. H. L. Cox announced
the theme of his sermon as "Marriage."
"The subject of the Christian home
Is most vital," said Rev. Mr. Cox, "for
upon the conditions of home life will
rest the responsibility for the condi
tions of society and the state." He de
clared that all manner of civic con
ditions, either good or evil, might be
traced directly to the status of home
life In the community.
Among the qualifications of a happy
marriage and home. Rev. Mr. Cox
placed the reign of love, submission
and tolerance, obedience of children
and hospitality..
As for the submission of wives, the
minister offered Scripture again as
proof that submission was only di
rected when fitting "in the Lord," a
qualifying phrase that leaves the obe
dience at the discretion of the wife. To
the contrary, men are bidden to love
their wives, by Biblical mandate, with
out any qualifications whatsoever.
Portland's apartment-houses fur
nished a lesson, averred Rev. Mr. Cox,
in the perils of idleness, for the charm
of easy housekeeping, with the delica
tessen and janitor to aid, provided just
such a field for idleness.
As panacea for childish disobedience,
with regard to the hope of a fair fu
ture, the minister declared that he
was hopelessly old-fashioned and still
clung to the woodshed and shingle
method, of which he yet had vivid
memories.
STRIKE REBUKE SCOREO
REICHSTAG COMMITTEE ATTACKS
GENERAL FOR APPEAL.
Conditions. Not Workmen, Declared by
" Socialists ' to Be at Fault In
Monitions Factories.
AMSTERDAM, via London, April 29.
The appeal issued to German muni
tions workers by General Groener, head
of the Department of Munitions, in
which he denounced strikers as polit
ical traitors and said they would be
suppressed with the full force of the
law, has resulted In sharp criticism in
the Reichstag main committee, Berlin
dispatches say.
Gustav Hoch, Socialist Deputy, said:
"This appeal is not made in a tone
in which free-thinking workmen
should be addressed. As long as griev
ances exist strikes cannot.be avoided."
Dr. Ernst Quariek, Social-Democrat.
said:
"This Is a relapse into patriarchal
times. There can be no separation of
the economic and political demands of
workmen. There is no political move
ment which is not at the same time
economic."
Herr Bauer said:
"These orders from military Quarters
are not intelligible to workmen. They
laugh at such language, which cannot
possibly Impress them. The govern
ment ought to maintain contact with
organized labor. This is not being
done. The result is that such appeals
as this are Instigated in political quar
ters." Herr Behrens said:
"The appeal Is badly worded. Em
ployers who profit 'by the existence of
war to curtail workmen's liberty ought
to be dealt with sharply. The same ap
plies to farmers."
MARGIN OF SAFETY NARROW
Aeroplanes Cut to Excessive Light
ness to Gain Speed.
NEW YORK. April 29. American air
plane manufacturers can meet foreign
competition In turning out machines for
the European fighting lines only by
being allowed to cut the factor of
safety to less than half, making ma
chines of excessive lightness and su
reme speed, according to a report made
public here by the advisory committee
on aeronautics, co-operating with the
commandant of the Third Naval Dis
trict of the United States in the organ
ization of the naval reserve forces.
To beat the German Fokker in speed
and climbing ability it became neces
sary, the report says, to cut down the
strength of construction and that has
been done by both sides until today
"the airplanes of both sides are merely
sneus.
2 MISSOULA PAPERS SOLD
Chicago Newspapermen Buy From
ex-Senator Dixon.
MISSOULA. Mont., April 29. The
Missoulian Publishing Company. In
cluding the Morning Missoulian and the
Evening Sentinel, has changed hands.
It was announced today. The new
owners, George C. Rice and Lester L.
Jones, both formerly Chicago news
papermen, will take charge tomorrow.
Ex-Senator Joseph M. Dixon, the re
tiring owner, has been in charge of the
company for the past 17 years.
Marvin Lowenthal to Speak Tonight
Marvin Lowenthal, a leader in the
Zionist movement, will speak tonight
at 8 o'clock at B nal JB rith Hall. D.
Solis Cohen also will speak. Mr. Low
enthal, director of the Pacific Coast
Bureau of the Zionist movement, will
be In Portland for several days. The
local committee is arranging more
meetings at whloh- he will be the
speaker. ,
PET! MADE CHIEF
OF STAFF IN FRANCE
Nation Apparently Not Satis
fied With Results of Ni
velle's Campaign.
GENERAL KNOWN FIGHTER
Rise In Ranks Exceedingly Rapid
at Outbreak of War As Com
mander of forces, Petaln
Demands Wide Powers.
BT FRED B. PIT NET.
PARIS. April 29. (Special.) The ap
pointment of General Petaln as chief
of staff at the ministry of war is
primarily a quick registration of
French disappointment atthe compara
tively meager results secured by Gen
eral Nivelle in his recent offensive
along the Aisne and in the Cham
pagne. Evidently the nation expected a
strategic victory, whereas little more
than a pronounced tactical success was
obtained, presumably at cost which Is
held too dear. The results of Nlvelle's
offensive contrast unfavorably with the
sweeping British victory at Arras,
where one entire German defense sys
tem was hopelessly ruptured.
When Joffre, after placing the
French armies in high state of organ
ization, was made a Marshal of France
and retired from active service. It was
believed at first that General Retain,
the hero of Verdun, the greatest French
successes after the Marne, would suc
ceed him In command of the armies in
the field.
It Is understood that the offer was
actually made to him. However, his
demand for authority was so sweeping
that the politicians immediately cooled
toward him. But he would not compro
mise. Insisting that In order to win a
commander must have the power of In
stant and arbitrary decision in all that
appertains to the conduct of the war
without any hampering system of
"checks and balances."
It is believed that he asked for
command of the British, Belgian and
Italian, as well as the French armies.
Xlvclle Given Post.
His conditions were not accepted, and
General Nivelle was selected for the
post, apparently on General Petain's
recommendation.
General Joffre. in the heyday of his
power, dominated the politicians, and
it is said that General Nivelle remained
complacent to them. Nivelle was ap
pointed as a proponent of the offen
sive in warfare, and he has evidently
been measured by that standard.
General Petaln is just as strong a be
liever in the offensive, but is deter
mined to pursue it untrammeled.
Though he has been named as chief
of staff at the Ministry of War, he will
probably succeed to the duties laid
down by Minister of War Lyautey, aft
er the latter quarreled with the Cham
ber of Deputies and returned to the
colonies. Retain may even have been
given wider duties, as it has been his
theory, constantly advanced in the face
of opposition, that the commander of
the armies should also be economic
dictator of the nation.
Above all. General Petaln is known
as a fighter. Personally he has a
touch of austerity something of the
coldness of Northern France, where
he was born.
Physically, he has the habits as well
as prowess of an athlete, yet he is as
studious as a professor. He hates pub
licity for himself and laxness in those
under his command. He has the St.
Cyr training and is acknowledged an
expert tactician and strategist.
Before the war he did not exist lor
the public. He was born near Calais
61 vears ago and by isu naa Decome
a Captain in the Elite Chasseurs a
Pled. After two years in the .coie
Superleure de Guerrere, he was admit
ted to staff standing, and in isui, as a
Major., he was given a professorship
of infantry tactics in the Ecole Su
perleure.
Rise Exceedingly Rapid.
When the war started he was a
Colonel. Almost Instantly he was made
a General of Brigade and by Septem
ber 14, 1914, he had become a General
of Division.
Seven months later he was com
manding the Twenty-third Army Corps
and took part in the allied offensive
at Artois.
His work here was so brilliant that
he was placed at the head of the sec
ond army, which he led through the
Champagne offensive in October, 1915.
His famous iron division or colored
colonial troops, whom he had person
ally trained, largely contributed to
this victory. By this time Petain was
admitted a master of the offensive.
NINE GOVERNORS TO MEET
Formation of State Defense Coun
cils to Be Considered.
WASHINGTON, April 29. Nine state
Governors will attend personally the
National defense council here next
Wednesday called by the Council of
National Defense. All the states will be
represented.
The chief questions to be considered
are the food situation and the organlza
tion of state defense councils to aid the
National Council. The aim is to co
ordinate defense work throughout the
country. A survey of the Nation s re
sources will be one of the first tasks
undertaken.
Governors coming to the conference
are: Harris, Georgia: Harding, Iowa;
Milllken, Maine; Boyle, Nevada; Edge,
New Jersey; Frazier, North Dakota;
Lister, Washington; Cornwell, West
Virginia, and Manning. South Carolina.
Benjamin Ide Wheeler will represent
California.
WREATH IS LAID ON TOMB
Continued From First Pag.)
French envoy. Overcome with all that
the situation meant in the lives of the
two great Anglo-Saxon countries, Mr.
Balfour abandoned his decision not to
speak and gave expression to a few
poignant sentences.
"M. Viviani." said Mr. Balfour, "has
expressed In most eloquent words the
feelings which grip us all here today.
He has not only paid a fitting tribute
to a great statesman, but he has
brought our thoughts most vividly
down to the present. The thousands
who have given their lives, French,
Russian, Italian, Belgian, Serbian,
Montenegrin, Roumanian, Japanese and
British, were fighting for what they
believed to be the cause of liberty.
Wreath Left at Tomb. '
"There is no place in the world
where a speech for the cause of liberty
would be better placed than here at the
tomb of Washington. But as that
work has been so adequately done by a
master of oratory, perhaps you will
permit me to read a few worda pre-
pared by the British mission for the
wreath we are to leave here today.
" "Dedicated by the British mission to
the immortal memory of George Wash
ington, soldier, statesman, patriot, who
would have rejoiced to see the country
of which he was by birth a citizen and
the country which his genius called
Into existence, fighting side by side
to save mankind from subjection to a
military despotism.' "
Joffre's Homage Is Brief.
Marshal Joffre. victor of the Marne,
and idol of the French people, spoke
two brief sentences:
"In the French army all venerate the
name and memory of Washington. I
respectfully salute here the great sol
dier and lay upon his tomb the palm
we offer our soldiers who have died
for their country."
Two French officers came forward
with the bronze wreath from the
French mission, the humblest and the
highest mark of honor which the
French nation can accord the dead.
Bending over, the Marshal passed
through the narrow entrance and sol
emnly placed the wreath upon the stone
coffin. He then stood silently at salute,
the General who Is accredited with sav
ing France to the General who won the
liberty of the United States.
As Marshal Joffre passed back among
the spectators Mr. Balfour came for
ward with the British wreath of lilies
and oak leaves tied with the colors of
the three allied nations. He, too, en
tered the tomb and placed the British
token beside the French, while Lieu-tenant-General
Bridges stood outside at
salute.
There was neither music nor ap
plause. Except for the brief words of
the speakers, the eternal silence and
peace of the place was not broken.
USHERS' STRIKE BROKEN
MANAGER OF PANT AGES HAS NEW
BOYS IN RESERVE.
Eight Tooths 0,nlt- in Effort to Secure
Increase In Par From f6 to
7 a Week.
Eight youthful ushers at the Pan
tage3 Theater, stung by the mounting
cost of living, went out on a strike
Saturday night for higher wages.
Anticipating the move, John A.
Johnson, manager of the theater, had
eight reserves in waiting and put
them to work in place of the strikers.
Service in the house was not inter
rupted. Owen Othus, one of the strikers,
stated the position of himself and his
follows as follows: "Due to the fact
that prices are soaring, the ushers of
the Pantages Theater find it utterly
Impossible to eat three square meals
a day by working five hours for 50
cents. The boys politely asked for a
slight increase, and, being refused, the
entire usher force left work at 7:30
o'clock.
Manager Johnson explained that the
boys have been getting tS a week and
asked for $7. He offered to negotiate
with them, but before he could do so,
he says, the entire force left the thea
ter just before the first show was
about to start. Ralph L. Struble, head
usher, did not go out with the others,
but assisted the manager in getting
substitues to work.
OLD MILL TO BE OPENED
New Woolen Company Is Organized
at Bandon.
BANDON, Or., April 29. (Special.)
The Sunset Woolen Mill, a newly In
corporated local stock company com
posed of 60 business men, has complet
ed arrangements for the opening of the
old Bandon Woolen Mills plant, and
operations will commence in about
three weeks. It will employ between
40 and 60 persons.
At a recent meeting of the stock
holders the following board of directors
was elected: George P. Laird, presi
dent; W. S. Wells, vice-president; Guy
Dippel, secretary; E. H. Boyle, treas
urer; F. S. Perry. J. D. Ladley, of San
Francisco, has been engaged as man
ager. COAST ARTILLERYMEN PAID
Privates In Ninth Company Get $18
Checks, Total $1600.
ASTORIA. Or.. April 20. (Special.)
Federal pay checks totaling about $1600
were distributed today among the mem
bers of the Ninth Company, Coast Ar
tillery Corps, that being the men's pay
from the time the company was or
ganized up to the first of the year.
There were 68 checks and the aver
age amount for each private was about
18.
I,
New Tele
TRADE BENEFIT ill
BANK PLAN NOTED
State Institutions Expected
to Take Membership in
Federal Association.
OVERHEAD COST TO BE LOW
Principal Advantage Will Bo In
Ability of Local Houses to Re
discount Warehouse Receipts
on Portland Commodities.
Establishment of a branch of the
Federal Reserve bank In Portland will
be a substantial aid to the grain, fish
ing, lumber and other important in
dustries peculiar to the Northwest.
Portland bankers were gratified yes
terday to learn that a full-fledged
branch soon Is to be established here.
They believe that It will mean a more
general use of the advantages of the
Federal Reserve system and. probably,
the early affiliation with the system of
many state banks in this territory.
In determining to place a branch in
Portland the Federal Reserve Board
also decided to establish branches in
Spokane and Seattle. Directors of the
parent bank at San Francisco made the
significant declaration on Saturday
that the president of the Spokane
Clearing-House Association had given
assurances that in the event of a branch
being established in Spokane all the
state banks in that city Would join
the Federal Reserve system. The direc
tors also expressed the hope that state
banks in Portland and Seattle would
see their way clear to do likewise.
Interlocking Boards Possible.
So far as is known no state bank in
Portland has planned to affiliate with
the reserve system, but it is believed
by some that after the branch gets to
working the state institutions will con
sider it advantageous to join.
It Is presumed by local bankers that
the states of Oregon. Washington and
Idaho will form one branch district
and that the territory of the three
states will be divided into three sub
districts one for each city. On the
same presumption Portland will be the
center of a district embracing the en
tire state of Oregon and the counties in
Southern Washington touching the Co
lumbla River.
In order to save overhead expenses
It has been suggested that a common
set of directors serve for the three
branches. Such a board would consist
of seven members and would have com
plete jurisdiction over each of thi
three banks, subject, of course, to the
general supervision of the directors of
the parent bank at San Francisco and
the directors of the Federal Reserve
system at Washington, D. C.
Greater Use Expected.
Under present arrangements directors
of the parent bank all reside in Cali
fornia convenient to San Francisco.
Distance made it inadvisable to place
isorthwestern bankers on the board.
This same element of distance has
prevented banks In this territory from
availing themselves of a general use of
the system s rediscountinK- Drivileces.
During the grain-moving periods of
the last few years local bankers per
sisted lu their old habits of going to St.
Paul, Chicago and New York for money
rather than rediscount through the
San Francisco bank. They pointed out
that from four days to a week was re
quired In sending paper to San Fran
cisco and getting the currency back.
On the other hand they could telegraph
to New York and get credit there
within a few hours.
Now, however, they will be able to
take their warehouse receipts, not only
for wheat, but for fish and other com
modities produced here, to the branch
reserve bank and. at a slight discount,
get cash for them. In this way they
can turn their wheat paper as often as
necessary to handle the crop.
Advantage Is Pointed Oat.
This practice will tend to keep Ore
gon and Washington money at home
and to increase the general prosperity
of the community.
When the directors considered the
advisability of placing a single branch
in the Northwest they estimated the
cost at approximately $30,00) per an
num, but by providing a common board
of directors for the three banks and
resorting to other practices r' economy
the cost will be reduced, it Is believed,
to about $15,000 to $20,000 for each
bank. The volume of redlscounting
aiimiiMtintHiumim
f Delivery of our New Telephone Direc
tory will commence Monday, April 30th.
It contains many, new and changed
numbers.
Please use the New Directory immedi
ately upon its receipt before placing your
calls.
The Pacific Telephone
and Telegraph Company
Q MR
a
a
V
f Aside from being on the market
nearly twice as long as any
other 88-note player in the
world, the Apollo has always
sold, sells now, and likely always will
sell for a little higher average price
than any other player piano in the
world.
But
the very thing that makes it neces-
Aai7ii to get a IitUe more for the
Apollo will persuade you that you can
afford to pay a little more for it.
u
a
ti
h
0 grBAUep(g:fMi
MkVnrcj-fc-r 6TOCE
Take Down
Your Lace
Curtains
and send them to us to
be done up. Our proc
ess of laundering lace
curtains is far supe
rior to the home work.
We have a special
knack of doing up cur
tains. They are handled
carefully in washing,
and are stretched by
experts. This restores
them to their original
beauty.
-' v.. . it ii "i ir , K
Stores Also In San Francisco. Oakland. Sacra
mento, San Jose, Los Angeles and San Diego.
v V & Sappomm thm Apollo oa
rQ. cost a UttU mote.
a. vf
Palace Laundry Go.
PORTLAND, OREGON
East 1030
business In sight, however. Is expected
to pay all expenses from the start.
Each branch will require a compe
tent and experienced manager and a
force of four or five experienced men.
A room on the upper floor of a con
venient business building -irobably will
accommodate the office.
Bend Knights Templar to Organize.
BEND. Or, April 29. (Special.) A
dispension for the formation of a Bend
commandery of Knights Templar Is ex
pected to be received here within a few
oinioinie
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days, according to Clyde M. McKay, a
Mason, who has been active In efforts
to obtain a commandery here. W. F.
Laraway, of Hood River, eminent grand
commander, is expected here on
Wednesday.
Prisoners of War on Strike.
KIEV, Russia, via London, April 29.
Prisoners of war employed on mu
nicipal work here have gone on strike.
They demand an eight-hour day and
better working conditions.
Tl Jlaundr