12
THE 3IORNIXO OKEGONIAN,' TnURSDAT, APRFL 5, 1917.
PORTLAND, OREGON.
Statement of the Ownership, Management,
.Circulation, Etc. Required by the Act
of CooKretM of August Z4, 191
Of Mornlnr Orecrnntnn. nubilshed Cl ft 1 IT ex
cept Sunday at Portland. Oregon, for April
State of OrceAii. Cntintv of Multnomah.
before me. " naMrv Dubllc In ana lor liw
state and county aforeaald, personally ap
peared C. A. Morden, who. having been
duly sworn according to law, deposes and
says that he Is the business manager of The
Meaning Oregonlan and that the following
. to the best of his knowledge and belief,
ttue statement of the ownership, manage
n4t (and if a dally paper, the circulation),
etc., of the aforesaid publication for the
uate shown In the aDove caption, requircu
by the act of August 24, 1912. embodied In
section- 443, Postal Lawi ana kmuhuou,
to t r f
1. That the names and addresses of the
uiiiBiir, euiiur, maua,iu cuiiui, uv " .
Hess manaaers are:
Publisher. H. L. Plttock. Portland. Oregon.
JSdltor. E. B. Piper. Portland. Oregon.
Business manager, C. A. Alorden. Portland,
Oregon.
2. That the owners are (Give names and
addresses of Individual owners, or. If a cor
poration, alve its name and the names ana
addresses of stockholders owning or holding
X per cent or more of the total amount of
stock.)
Owner. Oregonlan Publishing Company,
Inc.
Stockholders. H. L. Plttock. Portland, Ore
gon; The Bcott company, rornana, uregon.
8. That the known bondholders, mort
gagees, and other security holders owning
or holding 1 per cent or more of total
amount of bonds, mortgages, or other se
curities are: (If there are none, so state.)
None.
4. That the two paragraphs next above,
giving the names of the owners, stockholders
and security holders, if any, contain not only
the list of stockholders and security holders
'as they appear upon the books of the com
pany but also. In cases where the stock
holder or security holder appears upon the
books of the company as trustee or in any
other fiduciary relation, the name of the
person or corporation for whom such trus
tee Is acting, Is given; also that the said
two paragraphs contain statements embra
cing affiant's full knowledge and belief as
to the circumstances and conditions under
which stockholders and security holders
who do not appear upon the books of the
company as trustees, hold stock and se
curities In a capacity other than that of
a bona fide owner; and .this affiant has no
reason to believe that any other person,
association, or corporation has any Interest
direct or indirect in the said stock, bonds,
or other securities than as so stated by him.
o. That the average number of copies of
each Issue of this publication sold or dis
tributed, through the malls or otherwise, to
paid subscribers during the six months pre
ceding the date shown above la BT.BZa. (This
Information is required from dally publica
tions only.)
C. A. MOREEN.
, Business Manager.
- Bwoto to and subscribed before me this
3d day of April. 1017.
(Seal) W. E. HARTMTJS,
(My commission expires May 28. 1918.)
The comparative showing, with the
statement Issued six months ago. Is as
follows;
Oct. 1. 1916. April 1, 1917.
Dally ... 68,38 57,623
Sunday... 77,025 78.G61
PORTLAND, THURSDAY, APRIL 0, 1817.
AMERICAN' RELATIONS WITH THE
- ALLIES.
By the action which Congress Is
about to take on the Initiative of
President Wilson the United States
will declare Germany a nation which
has cast off all restraints of law,
treaties and civilization and will pro
claim its determination to require
from Germany submission to the law
of nations. While military expediency
dictates co-operation with the other
nations which are already at war with
Germany, our purpose does not bind
us to ally ourselvea with them for at
tainment of all their alms.
Yet Mr. Wilson has declared ob
servance of certain principles essen
tial to permanent peace, and the terms
named by the allies conform closely
to those principles. They are agreed
that no nation should be held In un
willing subjection to another, but that
the consent of the governed should be
a condition to the setting up of gov
ernments and to the revision of bound
aries. They agree that small nations
ahould be as secure In their independ-
equal rights in all respects. The
United States can consistently aid
them in gaining these ends, which is
impossible without the utter defeat of
the German autocracy and the estab
lishment of a government in Germany
wlhtnl, H11 ,,,r.nKn ,AA
clples and will renounce the desire-for
military conquest.
This Nation can, however, do val
uable service by holding the allies true
to their professions when the time for
settlement arrives. Common prudence
requires that all make peace with the
centra"! powers at the sp.me time, for
the United States should not be ex
posed to the danger of having to fight
alone against those powers, which
would be the result if the entente
should make a separate peace while
we continued to fight. Hence we
should, for our lntereis, be a party
to tlie general peace conference which
will end the war and to the treaty
which It will arrange.
It will be no easy task to revise the
boundaries of the European states in
a manner that will bring all of one
nationality under one government, or
will satisfy the historic claims of each
nationality. Neighboring races have
overlapped and mingled in border territory-
Conquerfng races have colon
ized territory until they outnumber
the conquered. Nations claim certain
territory because at some time, per
haps remote, they held it. When, as
they expect, the entente powers are in
a position to dictate terms, they will
be strongly tempted to grant the ex
treme claims of some among their
number as against their enemies, or
of the stronger as against the weaker
among themselves.
Here is the point where the par
ticipation' of the United States in the
conference may .prove of great value
to both Victors and vanquished and to
the ca,use bf justice and liberty, with
whicjs that of permanent peace is
tiound up. We shall have no direct
interest in the controversies which will
arise, shall be aloof from them and
shall be able to take a calm dispas
sionate, impartial view of them. As
people sprung from all the interested
nationalities, are among our citizens,
we shall have the best reason not to
favor one against another. We shall
be in the best position to arrange com
promises and to reconcile conflicting
claims. Our position will be strong
from a military viewpoint, for our
military and economic resources are
not likely to have been drained and
may at that juncture be at their maxi
mum. While any attempt, to use this
"fact in Imposing our will on the allies
would be contrary to our principles,
the knowledge that it is a fact would
give the advice of. our representatives
great weight. . It may become neces
sary 'to place certain districts under
the control of one nation pending de
cision of the conference and while a
popular vote of the inhabitants Is be
ing taken on their future government.
The disinterested character of the
United States will point to this coun
try as fittest to perform that task.
The interest of the United States
wljl demand only that the European
settlement be so firmly founded on
national rights and Justice, on our
own principle of 'consent of the gov
ern'V1"X4t shall not be disturbed
and that peace shall be permanent.
By going through to the ' finish with
the allies we can gain for ourselves
a position like that of an umpire,
whose justice is implicitly trusted. The
occasion warns us against a political
alliance with the allies which would
bind us to support them in insisting
upon any demands on which they may
agree. It requires military, co-operation
and support of their general alms,
so far as those alms coincide with our
own.
HOW LINCOLN BED. .
During the American Civil War cop
perheadlsm throve under cover and at
times found open and defiant expres
sion. The most .vituperative and ef
fective exponent of quasi-treason was
one Clement L. Vallandigham, a mem
ber of Congress from Ohio. The fate
of Vallandigham will bear a brief
recital.
General Burnside, In command of
the Department af Ohio In 1863, Is
sued a proclamation, saying: "It must
be understood that treason, distinct or
implied, will not be tolerated in this
department."
Vallandigham was particularly bit
ter toward the President, and referred
to him as "King Lincoln" and de
manded that the tyrant be hurled from
his throne. Vallandigham was ar
rested, and he was tried and convicted
by a military commission and sen
tenced to confinement for the period
of the war.
The supreme astuteness of Lincoln
was here made manifest. He modi
fled the sentence so that the traitor
was ordered sent within the Confed
erate lines, where he would hae sym
pathetic company. So It was done, al
though Vallandigham vehemently pro
tested. The, North merely laughed.
Vallandigham fled to Canada. He did
not appreciate the joke.
It would probably be a good idea to
send a shipload of Irreconcilable and
discontented pro-Prussians back home
through the war zone.
FAREWELL TO THE "HACK."
A saddened friend of the horse has
telephoned to The Oregonlan the sor
rowful tidings that the last of Port
land's "hacks" the vehicle, not the
animal has just been sold at public
auction; and he suggests that some
thing ought to be said in tribute to
the good.old days of easy locomotion
before the era of t-i.Ticabs, Jitneys and
autobuses. Perhaps; but there are
some of us who are not in -the mood
of lamentation for the passing of the
hack-horse any more than of regret
that the ox team and the flint-rock
rifle have had their day and passed
on.
Has the horse disappeared? Not
at all. It is true enough that he Is
not so often seen along Riverside
drive, or In the city, and that a pleas
ure vehicle drawn by man's most
faithful friend or is it the dog that
occupies that exalted eminence? Is
now a rarity. But let one who thinks
there are no horses because there are
thousands and millions of motor cars
go to Pendleton, or Prlneville, or along
any county road. End he will find that
the horse's usefulness is just about as
much appreciated as ever.
If the horse has any great place In
war it has not been obvious, although
It is true enough that thousands of
them were bought by French and
British agents and sent "somewhere in
France," or elsewhere. But what be
came of them?. Probably they were
useful for reconnoissance, and for
freighting, but not for cavalry. The
beginnings of the war had much
about the Uhlans, and the cuirassiers.
but long ago they disappeared from
the news columns. The bicycle and
the motorcycle displaced them, and
lately we have heard a lot about the
slow-moving but irresistible "tanks."
Once In Portland and elsewhere
throughout the country to ride In a
hack" was to be in stylo. But no
more. It Is not altogether fashionable
even to ride in a taxi; but It is cer
tainly convenient. There is In the city
a' family or two t-hlch adheres to the
horse and the carriage, or coupe, or
whatever it is. They make almost as
great a sensation going down Wash
ington street as Wemme's automobile
made years ago. We hope they will
not be discouraged by the rush of the
times. There are distinction and ele
gance about a well-groomed coach-
horse. Anybody with the prlce-i can
have a motor car, and nobody knows
nowadays who belongs to the first fam
ilies. Judged by that standard.
The horse hasn't gone, and won't
go, we hope, but we feel differently
about the old-time hack. It is too
remindful of a funeral.
HOW OREGON CAN HELP.
While our Navy and its thou
sands of auxiliaries aid the allied
navies In wearing down Germany's de
structive power at sea by capturing or
destroying submarines faster than she
can build them, we must join the allies
In building ships faster than Germany
can destroy them. Even now Germany
Is destroying ships at so slow a pace
that the power of the allies to feed
their people and to munition their ar
mies seems unlikely to be sensibly di
minished before the fleet of ships now
building and about to be laid down
shall come Into service. In the mean
time our Navy should greatly accel
erate the work of destroying subma
rines. At the end of the next eight
months the scale should have been
so decisively turned by decrease in the
number of U-boats and increased out
put of ships that Germany will have
lost all hope of victory by marine
frightfulness. If then the war lords
are not ready to accede to the terms
of the allies, a new American army
should be so far advanced toward fit
ness to reinforce the British and
French that it can enter the western
campaign next Spring with a prospect
of playing the decisive part In 1918.
Oregon is equipped to have a most
important share in carrying on the
war to that point. It canN produce in
large numbers precisely the kind o
snips iur w 11 lull uie uuuasiun cuiis.
Risk of destruction Is so great that it
would be poor economy to build large'
numbers- of steel ships of heavy ton
nage. The wiser course Is to build
many wooden ships of moderate ton
nage, of higher speed than the' aver
age freight steamer and of quicker
maneuvering power. Speed in adding
to the world's tonnage is highly Im
portant, and ships can be built more
rapidly of wood than, of steel. This Is
as true of vessels intended to chase
submarines as of cargo 'vessels. Ore
gon has the lumber, the labor and
the sites to produce these types of
vessels and should bend every energy
to their production, primarily to aid
the Nation to victory but also to pro
mote its prosperity and to supply the
needs of its, own commerce.
Oregon can serve the Nation in war'
by increasing production of all staples.
Many million feet of lumber will be
needed t rebuild the ruined towns
and villages of France, Belgium, Po
land, Serbia and Roumanla as the In
vaders are driven back. Many million
trees will be needed to replant the for
ests and millions of fruit trees to re
store the orchards which the Germans
have laid low. These should be sup
plied as fast as ground is recovered by
the allies, but Oregon can supply other
things which will be needed In the
actual 'conduct of the war. We can
send wool to clothe the soldiers and
sailors and -the emancipated people,
and meat, grain, vegetables, fruit and
fish to feed them.
While our young men go forth to
fight, the civil population can render
vital help by increasing the production
and export of all these tilings. Every
ship which, we build should carry
away a cargo of Oregon products for
the' use of the armies and navies of
the United States and of the battling
democracies of Europe. Lumbermen,
shipbuilders, farmers, cattle growers,
fishermen all have their part to play
In the great struggle. There ia work
for all In winning, the war.
THE PLACE FOB A BRANCH BANK.
Facts are stubborn things, and all
the facts go to prove that Portland
is the proper location for the first
branch to be established by the Fed
eral Reserve Bank of San Francisco.
It is so because this city is already the
financial center of the Oregon country
west of the Rocky Mountains and
north of California. Banks that are
members of the Federal Reserve Bank
recognize this In a variety of ways.
In the statement submitted to the
board of directors at San Francisco,
A. L. Mills proved the superior claims
of Portland by every test. Portland
Is the point at which all the lines of
communication in this section con
verge. More banks of this section
maintain, their strongest connections
here than at Seattle and Spokane com
bined. A large plurality carry their
largest balances here and look to this
city for exchange transfers and cash
shipments. The banks of Seattle, To
coma and Spokane carry large bal
ances In Portland, but. Portland banks
carry no balances In any of those
cities. The Oregon metropolis has
larger deposits in its banks and has
more capital invested in the Federal
Reserve Bank than either of the two
competing cities, and it has a larger
reserve than-the two combined. When
a flurry occurred among Seattle banks,
It was to Portland that they turned for
assistance. It was sent to Seattle and
Tacoma to the amount of nearly $3,-
000,000 In gold. The country banks of
this region look to Portland for loans,
and would naturally turn to a branch
Federal reserve bank at this city for
rediscounts. Distance has deterred
them from using the rediscount facil
ities offered by the parent bank at San
Francisco to any considerable extent,
and distance would be less to Port
land for a great majority of them than
to any other city in this region.
The logic of the situation points so
plainly to Portland as the banking
center of the Pacific Northwest that
only lack of the required total of
banking capital can have prevented
the establishment of a Federal reserve
bank here. It points as plainly to this
city as the place for a branch.
POTATO PRODUCTION.
There Is every reason to believe that
the domestic potato shortage which
we have experienced In the- past sea
son will be largely met In the coming
year by increased acreage planted to
this useful vegetable. There Is no
probability, however, that the world's
shortage will be overcome, even If the
war should end thla Summer, for the
normal potato crop of the countries
producing practically all of the supply
Is more than 3,000,000,000 bushels,
and these same countries are esti
mated to have produced only 1,753,
661,000 bushels in 1916. Even if we
produced an average of 100 bushels to
the acre, which Is above the recent
average for the United States, it would
require an Increase of 13,000,000 acres
to atone for the world's deficiency.
The total potato acreage of the United
States'ln 1916 was only 3,761,000, the
total production that year being 859,-
000,000 bushels, an average of 95.6
bushels per acre.
The South promises to come to the
rescue in the coming season, and in
six Southern states the acreage al
ready has been increased from 161,000
to 188,000 acres, or 17 per cent.
Massachusetts, another state that has
organized for potato production,
promises an increase of 25 per cent.
Its acreage in 1915 was 26,000
and its average yield per acre 120
bushels. Nevada, with 172 bushels to
the acre, holds a record for the United
States, and Minnesota, with 80,210,-
000 bushels, grown on 286,000 acres.
leads in total production. The aver
ago yield per acre in Oregon In 1916
was estimated by the . United States
Department of Agriculture at 115
bushels, which was exceeded by only
fourteen states . In the Union. Pro
fessor A. C. Hopkins, of the University
of Oregon school of commerce, how
ever, in a survey recently completed
for the same department," has esti
mated the 1916 yield at 150 bushels to
the acre, or 21 bushels above the ten-
year average. Washington In 1916
gave an average of 135 bushels. These
figures de not compare favorably with
those of some of the European coun
tries as to yield per acre, but they
represent a high yield in proportion to
labor expended.
The Pacific Northwes can do a
good deal toward furthering our Na
tional preparedness by increasing its
acreage of Mils Important staple.
It Is too late In the season to
consider- refined methods of seed se
lection, since stocks already are de
pleted and growers who have not al
ready been foreslghted will be com
pelled to use what they can get, but
it should ,be borne In mind that care
ful culture is important. Diligence in
preparing the soil will bring a sure
reward., It has been said that the
ideal crop to precede potatoes In the
rotation scheme Is forest trees, which
will point to the advisability of de
voting newly cleared land, provided
it has been well cleared, to the pur
pose. But potatoes also do well fol
lowing legumes, and old clover sod is
nearly ideal. Land that was heavily
fertilized last season for corn Is also
good potato land for the coming year.
Less commercial fertilizer than usual
will be used this year on account of
the rise In the price of chemicals,
especially potash. Intelligent "crop ro
tation, however, will serve the purpose
well, and good tillage Is" the most im
portant of all. 1 - .
The high price of seed this year
gives point to. recent experiments con
ducted with a view to ascertaining
how best returns could be, obtained in
proportion to cost. Largest . yields
have been obtained from whole tubers
and half tubers, but Judging from av
erage results In practical work It has
been concluded that a quarter tuber
is nearly as profitable. Potatoes can be
grown from a single eye, and careful
growers intent on making the most of
an exceedingly valuable seed have
split eyes Into two or more parts, but
this Is ' neither for the ' commercial
grower nor the novice. Considering
present seed prices, it is regarded as
safe to recommend cutting the tubers
Into pieces weighing about an ounce,
with about two eyes to the piece. In
this, however, the practical grower
will be governed by the facts aa to
whether his ground is likely to be ex
cessively wet or dry in the early part
of the growing term, and by other
considerations growing out of his ex
perience. Constant keeping down of
weeds is essential, as with other crops,
but care should be exercised not to
cultivate too deeply .-after the roots
and tubers are beginning to be formed.
It Is perhaps more than? a coinci
dence that the new Russian- Foreign
Minister and the one man in whom
Russians of all factions have abiding
confidence Professor Paul N. Mlliu
koff has been known In Russia for
some tfmeas "the American." This
was due to the fact that when as a
member of the Duma he discussed
proposed reformat he was especially
fond of citing the United States as an
example of the fulfillment of demo
cratic hopes, and the term was first
applied to him by his opponents in re
proach. But this effort to arouse Jingo
sentiment failed and Professor Miliu
koff is regarded by many as the man
of the hour in Russia today. - He was
once a member of the faculty fit the
University of Moscow, was banished
from the country for his liberalism
and for a time was a professor at the
University of Chicago. He Is a leading
authority In Russia on International
law and because of his great admira
tion for America is expected to Intro
duce many American ideas Into the
new Russian constitution, in the fram
ing of which It Is certain that he will
have an( Important part.
It Is a good augury of the future of
Russia that the Important city of Mos
cow, notwithstanding the upheaval
caused by the revolution, la proceeding
with unabated seal with Its pro
gramme of child-welfare measures.
Ambitious plans have been, laid for
execution In 1917, Including the es
tablishment of a home for the Indus
trial training of children and a bureau
for the tracing of parents and the
restoration of children to them. The
latter measure has been made neces
sary by the Influx of large numbers of
refugees, the largest, perhaps. In any
country or In any time. In the way
of -general welfare work, the munic
ipality Is proceeding with the erection
of an immense model tenement, the
first in Russia and designed to 'give
comfortable quarters at exceedingly
low rent to people In moderate cir
cumstances. Private philanthropy, al
ways large in Russia, is being supple
mented this year by an exceptional
revival of publlo work for the purpose
of preventing or relieving distress of
every sort.
There Is trepidation In some quar
ters as to the effect of the revolution
on the discipline of the Russian army,
and on the consequenqe to Russian
resistance to the expected German
drive on Petrograd. The first effect
would naturally be to relax discipline,
but there might be gain In this if it
were not carried too far, and by way
of compensation there would be a
great access of zeal. When the raw
levies of the first French republic had
acquired discipline in 1794, their ardor
made them irresistible. The Russians
already have the discipline and their
newly won liberty should Impart the
ardor.
Scarcity of labor in Polk County In
consequence of enlistment of farm
hands shows the superiority of select
ive compulsory service to the hlt-or-mlss
voluntary system.- The former
puts eac man where he will best
serve the common cause.
Haniord, Cal., Is some woolly town,
wherein an officer kills a tong gunner
one day and a drunken man kills a
Justice of the peace and others the
next.- For real thrills, that town dis
counts the filrrfe.
It is most important that the au
thorities should run down every spy
who Is discovered, but do not let us
make fools of ourselves with an in
discriminate spy-hunt by the entire
population.
When we consider that Mr. Hoover
is now free to speak of the scenes
he has witnessed in Belgium after two
years of self-repression, we may well
be astonished at his moderation.
German agents trying tp Incite dis
loyalty among Southern negroes do
not know the colored people, who will
stand up for Marse Uncle Sam all the
time.
" Men - Inside German lines will get
their first real news of the war from
the translation of President Wilson's
message now being distributed by air
men. The Southern Democrats In the
House threw a few crumbs to their
Northern brethren, Just to keep them
quiet, but they kept all the pUima,
Senator Norris evinces more horror
of Wall Street's imagined machina
tions than of submarine massacres.
He "sees things." -
It will be observed that every of
ficial statement of peace terms from
France Includes reparation as a domi
nant idea. ' '
Last month was the coldest. March
in thirty-seven years, but cherries will
be ripe by July 4, and March will be
forgotten. .
Care of families of Guardsmen
should not be left to private organiza
tions. It is a public duty.
And presently the titles of "king"
and "emperor" are likely to go out of
style all over the world.
It's a good guesser who can pick
the pennant winner from the scores of
the first game.
"The unhappily married' man's last
hope is gone. He is not wanted in the
Army.
The wise farmer will save all his
breeding stock this year.
Wherever the Third Oregon goes,
Oregon hearts follow.
The slacker awaits a state bounty
to enlist.
The House may . Be slower but not-slacker.
Stars and Starmakers.
By Leooe CasV Baer.
IF anyone is curious enough to v.-ant
to know where my deepest sym
pathies are being extended Just now.
Til tell 'em: They're working over
time for the young woman who, it Is
reported, is to become the wife of
Charles Chaplin.
e -
Albert McQovern, over at the Baker
Theater, receives each week, a copy of
his "home-town" paper. He asked me
not to mention the village, so I won't.
But It certainly hands the stage folk
over at the Baker a lot of laughs, does
that newsy little Blade. Here Is one
item that got a roar this week:
"A beautiful new widow will be
seen by the congregation bf (he Bap
tist Church next Sunday, Just over
the pulpit, at the back of the gallery.
If alt goes well."
e
Gaby Deslys Is her own angel this
season. She's In London appearing
in "Suzette," a musical comedy, and
she Is personally financing the entire
production.
e
Nora Bayes closed hex road show In
Chicago last Saturday night and Is
going to return to vaudeville. -
When Q&brlelle Dorzlat makes her
appearance in vaudeville It may, be
under the direction of A Hs Woods.
"The Purple Vial." rewritten by Max
Marcln, has been selected as the
French star's vehicle. -.";
e
May Irwin, who has Just completed
a successful tour in the legitimate, at
the head of "83 Washington Square,"
Is returning to the two-a-day for a
brief stay, and will be seen In Orpheum
vaudeville at the Palace Theater, New
York, soon. She has an entirely new
repertoire of songs and stories.
Charley Ah earn, the oomedy cycle
rider of Orpheum fame, was divorced
from him wit In New Tork last week.
Mrs. Ahearn. who formerly appeared
In the cycle act, will resume her
maiden name, Vesta Powell. The' dif
ferences of the Ahearns have ocoupled
the attention of the oourts for nearly
two years.
see
Derwent Hall Calne will soon ap
pear In a dramatlo version of his
father's story, "The Woman ' Thou
Gavest Me." Lee Shubert and W. EL
Shallenberger have undertaken his
management, and the piece will have
its premiere In Boston on April 19.
Prominent In the cast are Mabel
Taliaferro and Edmund Brose.
see
Score several for Alia Naxlmova. Shi
has at least the courage of ber con
victions. In Washington, D. C, last
week, at the Belasoo Theater, where
she is appearing In 'Ception Shoals."
she demonstrated that she wishes no
conversational competition when she
Is engaged In the rigors of her' role.
When audible comments from the box
occupied by Mrs. .Marshall Field and
her guests reached the sensitive ears
of Madame Naxlmova she ordered the
curtain run down and the lights, with
the exception of those In the box,
turned out.
While the rest of the theater was
in darkness the guests of the Illumi
nated box left hurriedly and were not
seen again when the curtain was rung
up on aot three, amid great applause
by the audience. . "
The Interruption took place at the
close of the second act when Eliza
beth Luckett, in the role of the young
mother of a fi-weeks-old baby, was
giving helpful advice concerning mar
ried life to a girl of her own age, who
had, up to this time, been Isolated from
all .women through a strange combi
nation of circumstances.
Madame Nazlmova turn 3d toward the
box at this point and said distinctly:
"Curtain," and the scene was . cut
short. '
Cordelia Haarer and her partaer,
George Austin Moore, are membors of
T. Daniel Frawley"s new company,
headed by himself, which has started
for a world tour. They are now en
route to San Francisco. Homer Bar
ton is in the company. So is Annette
Tyler.
Before the Playwrights' Club In New
Tork recently, Wlnchell Smith, author
of "Turn to the Right" and other fa
mous successes, gave a list of don'ts
for amateur playwrights. Some of
them were:'
- Don't write a play that will read
welL Write a play that will act welL
Don't let the make-up of an actor
be funnier than the actor.
Don't let the audience see that you
are trying to be funny.' If you have
written in a real funny situation, don't
spoil it with "funny" dialogue.
Don't put in a lot of explanations of
what happens off stage. Let the audi
ence see what happens. That's what
people pay to go to the theater, for.
Don't be afraid to use the old-fashioned
Idea of the mortgage on the
farm. Critics may laugh at It, but the
fact is that statistics show that three
fourths of all the farms In the United
States are mortgaged and that's no
laughing matter. Mortgages are real.
Land It's with real facta that the publlo
Is Interested. I deliberately put a lot
of Just such real facts Into 'Turn to
the Right," and that. I believe, Is one
big reason for Its success.
r
I know a better and shorter list of
"don'ts" for some amateur playwrights
I've met. Just "don't" will suffice.
...
De Wolf Hopper has been engaged
by the Winter Garden management to
appear in "The Passing Show of 1917,"
now In preparation. This new annual
revue will follow the "Show of Won
ders" the latter part of April, after
the longest run of any other Winter
Garden extravaganza. This will be Mr.
Hopper's first appearance at the Win
ter Garden and will mark his return
to the stage following his year's ab
sence In Los Angeles as 'a moving
picture star.
...
The Hungarian gypsy, Jancsl Rlgo,
who several years ago eloped with the
late Clara Ward, then the Princes- de
Chi may, has applied to Charles ' A
Welser, chief of the Federal naturali
zation bureau, for citizenship papers.
In the declaration, Rlgo stated he
was born 64 years ago at Paksdy, Hun
gary, and that he is at present living
with his American-born wife, Kath
erlne Rlgo, at 66 West Ninth street, in
New York.
After renouncing allegiance to Em
peror Charles of Austria and Apostolic
King of Hungary, Rlgo was furnished
with his first papers.
WHY YOUNG BIAN'S VIEWS CHANGED
Duty to Help Uphold Democracy Now
Appears to Be Clear.
The following- letter, written by a student
In Colorado to his uncle in Portland, has
been sent to The Oregonlan by tne youns
man's uncle, - for publication.
I am especially glad to hear from
you, as I want to tell you my thoughts
on the war situation and ask your ad
vice. I have had these facts on my
mind continually of late and have wor
ried over them a great deal. I take
all these matters seriously (probably
too seriously) where I feel I have any
duty of the interests of the country are
concerned.
I was favorable to the Germans, as
between Germany and England, until
about two months ago. As I look at
It now, these were my reasons:
First I 'felt that Germany deserved
a place where Germans could go and
still be Germans "a place in the sun.
Second I was not convinced that she
was to blame for starting the war.
Third I admlred..her systematic 'or
ganization, wonderful resourcefulness,
patience and skill. I am somewhat of
a crank on organization and this ac
counts for my admiration, I suppose.
Within the last two months I have
turned against the Kaiser for the fol
lowing reasons:
First The issue Is now between the
United States and Germany and not
England and Germany.
Second I believe the Kaiser repre
sents and is fighting for autocracy and
will turn Or -try tor turn the world In
that direction and against domocracy
if he wins. I -cannot stand for this.
Third I am now convinced that the
Kaiser started the war and has long
been waiting for the opportune chance.
Fourth I am now convinced that
Germany desires world domination.
Fifth I feel that If she wins she will
seize the opportunity to crush us,
her most hated enemy now.
Sixth she has absolutely no respect
for the rights of smaller nations or
anybody else.
Seventh One of her leading states
men recently made the statement that
Germany had now almost reached the
Spartan Ideal, In which the Individual
was nothing and the state everything.
Eighth Another of her statesmen
made the statement that aa soon as this
war was concluded Germany must pre
pare for the next war and lay In a
large stock of those materials of which
she Is now short. This Idea of another
German war la wrong.
I am certain that we will get Into
the war and feel that we ought to take
an active part in it. I feel that we
will raise an army and eventually send
It to France. If an army of 600.000 la
called I feel that I ought to Join be
sause: I feel that it Is my duty.
I feel that we are fighting for democ
racy. I believe In those principles and
am ready to light for them.
It would be an advantage to Join as
soon as possible, as I could probably
rise to be a sergeant, and If a large
enough army la called to Second Lieu
tenant, as my education would help me
greatly In passing the examinations.
In this way the time spent in the Army
would not be wholly lost from a finan
cial standpoint, and this must be con
sidered, as I will return to school as
soon can.
SOUTHERN BORDER VULNERABLE
Lower California In Hnnda of Mexico
Viewed as Weak Spot In Defense.
RAINIER, Or.. April 2. (To the Edi
tor.) Ever since 1 first studied geog
raphy at a country school it has been
& mystery to me why. after the Mexi
can war. the boundary line between
the United States and Mexico was. not
established on or about latitude 31
degrees north and running west on a
straight line from the southeast cor
ner of the state of Arizona (see map
of United -States) to the Gulf of Cali
fornia. This has always appeared to
me to have been shortsighted on the
part of our diplomats and statesmen
who agreed to the present boundary,
for it does not take a strategist, as
any schoolboy can see at a glance t&t
the map, to know that the United
States Government should have the
northern extremity of the Gulf of Cali
fornia and also all the Islands In the
gulf, together with all of Lower Cali
fornia. We need this for strategical
purposes, not for the purpose of ac
quiring more territory, for, with the
exception of Imperial Valley and the
delta of the Colorado River, about
eight-tenths of all the other lands to
be acquired Is a desert and of no
value for agricultural purposes and
never will be to the average Mexican.
Now the question has often been
asked: Where would a foreign enemy
land If he were to land an army to at
tack us on the Paclfio Coast? They
would surely land where the landing
could be accomplished with the least
loss of men and munitions of war and
at the same time could strike the hard
est blow. Now. as there are no fortifi
catlona at the northern end of the gulf,
or on any of the Islands, what, then.
Is to hinder an armed force, once they
had driven our small Pacific fleet Into
our various harbors (or sent It to the
bottom) from landing an army at their
leisure In Mexico within a compara
tively short distance from one of our
great transcontinental railroad lines,
thereby giving them an ample base
from which to strike at the very heart
of our country. W. H. COOPER.
WOMEN WILL BE PATRIOTIC, TOO
Dr. Anna Howard Shaw Says She Will
Give Servleea "reely.
NEW YORK. March 2s. (To the
Editor.) We have read with Interest
your editorial entitled "Suffrage and
Patriotism," and are glad to note that
you approve of the recent action taken
by the executive council of the Na
tional Woman Suffrage Association at
Its meeting In Washington a short time
ago in offering Its services tq, the Gov
ernment In case of war. It has been
favorably commented on by the news
papers of the country.
We regret, however, that you have
so much misunderstood the position of
the honorary president. Dr. Anna How
ard Shaw. She did point out the ter
rible results of war as you quote, but
ended by saying"that if It came women
would be found aa patriotic as men and
as ready to give their services.
You say: "It is regrettable that Dr.
Shaw's reception was not enthusiastio
when she voiced her antiquated sophis
try." ,We wonder where any such state
merit was recorded, as ber speech was
received with the greatest enthusiasm
and it was the opinion of those who
have heard her scores of times that she
never had surpassed It. -Secretary of
War Baker was one of the speakers
at this mass meeting and congratulated
her warmly afterwards, and President
Wilson himself wrote a letter com
mending the action of the Association.
Dr. Shaw was In full accord with this
action and stated so most eloquently
In her address.
IDA RUSTED HARPER,
Chairman National Suffrage Press Com
mittee. Appointments na Forest Rangers.
' WALLA WALLA. Wash.. April 1.
(To the Editor.) (1) To whom should
a person send application for position
In the forest range service In Oregon?
(2) Does one have to take civil service
examination for such a position? (3)
Does one have to be a resident of Ore
gon to apply for such a position? (4)
What salary does the position pay?
OLD SUBSCRIBER.
'(1) Write to the District Forester,
Unlte'd States Forestry Service, Port
land. (2) Yes. (3) No. (4) The pay Is
$1100 a year, but at first the appointee
would be unlikely to have full year's
work, many being furloughed In the
Winter for lack of work for them to do.
1
In Other Days'.
Half n Century Ago.
FTom Jb Ores-onlan. April 6. 186T.1
New York The Tribune makes the
resignation of Rosecrans the occasion
for severe comment on the War Depart
ment and General Grant. A misunder
standing with General Grant had much
to do with moving Rosecrans to his
subsequent career.
J. L. Thomas is advertising for a
lady's hunting case, gold watch, lost
somewhere between the Travelers' Rest
and Portland.
The acts of the" so-called Legislature,
of Montana have been annulled by Con
gress and a new Legislature ordered to
be elected. The election will be some
time In September.
Lieutenant J. A Waymlre. recently
appointed to the regular Army, leaves
Portland this morning by boat to report
to his company commander at Camp
Lyons. Idaho.
A. B. El felt, who has spent several
weeks in Ran lTVttntfi-j.A n. v. v. v
been buying goods, has returned.
William Cardwell, formerly of this
city, has graduated aa M. D., at the
Bellevue Medical College. New York,
City. ?
Twenty-five Yearn Ago. .
Prom The Oregonlan. April 8. 1892.
New York Whitlaw Reld, United
States Minister to France, arrived yes
terday on the' steamer Le Champagne.
He had with him the reciprocity and
extradition treaties between this coun
try and France, He is preparing to re
sign, it is reported.
Waltham. Mass. Rev. R. D. GrantTof
the First Baptist Church, yesterday
preached his farewell sermon. He has
been called to the First Baptist Church
at Portland. Or.
New Tork, April S For the first time
perhaps In Its history. New York to
night saw all Its saloons closed up
tight, on order of the police that the
saloons must respect the Sunday law.
Rudyard Kipling and his bride are In
Vancouver. B..C. and will sail April
for India. .
M3ss Evans and Henry Hal lam were
heard last night at the Park In "Fr
Diavols,"
Judge John J. Daly, of Dallas, came
to town yesterday as la his custom
when there la a Republican convention
in prospect.
The pair of wool blankets sent by
John Minto, of the North Pacific Sheep
Breeders' & Woolgrowers" Association,
on behalf of the Salem Republican Club,
to Governor McKinley. of OHio, In ap
preciation of his Industry In getting
protection for the wool industry, haa
been turned over to Mr. McKinley by
the Ohio Woolgrowers' Association.
Senator Galllnger, of New Hamp
shire, who was once a printer, has ac
cepted the invitation to deliver the
dedicatory address at the opening of
the Printers' Association at Denver in
May.
The clerks at the local postofflce are
anxiously awaiting the arrival of an
automatic cancellation and stamping
machine.
FOOD PROBLEM ONLY HASTENED
Question Would Have Been Serious,
Regardless of War.
PORTLAND. April 4. (To the Edi
tor.) We have been roused from serene
slumber to learn that we Invited Na
tional disaster by having allowed our
selves to be talked into a notion that
the United States did not need military
preparedneas. We are still rubbing
our eyes and are still unable to grasp
fully the seriousness of the predica
ment, though In this relation there Is
still time to rise to the Occasion.
But what abou the food-problem? Wo
already realize the fact that there will
be a shortage this year, but we do not
realize that, unlike military prepared
ness, which, owing to the misfortunes
of other nations, can still probably be
remedied, the food problem has already
passed the point of satisfactory remedy.
Wo should first get the notion out of
our heads that our entry into military
activity will have anything to do with,
It. for It will not.
The food calamity has been brought
about by the world war only In the fact
that it has been hastened by it. The
late J. J. Hill sounded the warning sev
eral years ago, and most people thought
then that he was talking largely In the
Interest of his railroads, and did not
realize that he was a philosopher. We
are now up against the fact that it is
up to everybody who has or can get the
use of any ground to plant something.
Do not stop to call anybody calamity
howlers, but get busy. Every person
who waits another year to see the proof
of the need is already guilty of helping
to bring on a famine. It Is up to the
newspapers of the whole country to
give their pages to a herculean effort
to avert a catastrophe which the aver
age mind does not now grasp.
J. A. CLEMENSON.
ANSWER TO LAND COST PROBLEM
Assuming Tract to Bo Square, Aresj
Would Be C969.e Acres,
HILLSBORO. Or., April 2. (To the
Editor.) Relative to the problem of
C. E. K., of Hoqulam,' Wash, which
calls for the area of attract of land
whose cost, at 380 an acre, will equal
the number of dollars that will He on
its boundary, allowing one and one
half lnchee to the dollar; I cannot
agree with the answer which says:
"The answer could be two and one
fourth square inches of land, or any
other area, the boundary of which is a
multiple of one and one-half."
The problem Is not fully stated, as
you suggest, but the only missing In
formation Is the shape of the tract.
Assuming It to be square, the shape
usually- specified In such problems, a
tract of land 8.3 miles square will con
tain 6969.6 acres, which, at 380 an acre,
will cost S57.B63.
The perimeter of this tract Is 13.2
miles, equal to 69,696 feet, which, at $3
a foot, amounts to the same.
One solution of this by algebra is:
Let x. equal length of one side in
miles. Then we have x square times
60 times 80 equals 4 x times 6280 times
8. wherein x equals 3.3, 8 being the
number of dollars to the foot.
No other tract of this shape will sat
isfy the conditions of the problem, but
other shapes will produce different
answers. - L. E. WILKES
I Didn't" Ralae My Boy to Be n Piker.
Oh, I didn't raise my boy to be a piker.
The kind who waits for dad to till
the dirt.
And lets the other fellow do the
fighting. s
And hides himself behind his
mammy's skirt.
Nor I didn't raise my boy to be a
soldier.
But If his country needs him more
than me, .
Oh. I hope my boy will have the sand
and courage.
To fight for Uncle Sam and Liberty.
POLLY ANN A
Glrla Will Walt.
PORTLAND. April 4. (To the' Edi
tor.) I saw In The Oregonlan where
one of the soldier boys thought It
should be arranged so the stay-at-home
fellows would not get all the
girls. I would like to be able to tell
him he need not worry that the girls
all know that the men worth having
will enlist an will wait for them as
long as necessary. WOOOLAWN.