Morning Oregonian., March 26, 1917, Page 2, Image 2

3 THE MORNING OREGONTAN, MONDAY, MARCn 26, 1917
AUSTRIA-HUNGARY
RIPE FOR REVOLT
Reformed Russia Gives Impe
tus to Movement Free
Government.
GERMANS DOMINATE ARMY
Discontent, Therefore, Is Likely to
Take Form of Pressure to Con
clude Peace Kaiser's Plans
Feared by People.
(Continued Prom Flrrt PtfO
CHAIRMAN OF BELGIAN RELIEF COMMISSION, WHO IS -TO CON-
TINUE WORK.
Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, part of
Serbia, Greece and Turkey, with Ber
lin as the capital. Their idea was to
spread German influence and German
kultur throughout .these countries by
making the people "fear Germans.''
During, my two years within i-the
central powers I made four Journeys to
Austria-Hungary, and I spent three
weeks with the German army as it In
vaded Roumanla. I talked to Germans.
I heard from Hungarians. Slavs and
Roumanians what - they thought ' and
feared. For these people the idea of a
great Germany was horrifying but real.
They saw visions of German oppres
sion and domination, but they were
powerless. They went into the war
and saw no means of escape. They
hated and suspected the Czar. For
them the "Czar danger" was greater
than the "Prussian invasion." The Hun
garians, especially, who are the great
est, the most charming and freedom
loving people of the central powers,
believed they were obliged to defeat
the Czar first and then go for the
Germans. But now that the Czar is de
feated by his own people, Hungary has
little fear of Russia.
The same is true of the Slavs, the
Bohemians and the GaU'clans. Thiis.
the Russian revolution gives these peo
ple a greater opportunity to oppose
Germany.
Dual Monarchy Is Split.
Ever since the death of Emperor
Franz Josef the dual monarchy has
been split. The young Emperor, fear
ing Germany and having his army and
navy completely under the orders of
the German general staff. Is pulled
from the pillar of discontent within his
own country to the post of Germany.
The Hungarians know Kaiser Wilhelm
plans to put his favorite son, Eltel
Frledrich, on the Hungarian throne If
he can. The Hungarians know German
business and industrial" leaders are
working night and day to fasten their
hold upon Hungary. Hungarians know
Germany is starving and wants Hun
garian food. The Bohemians have re
volted time and time again during the
war. When General Bruslloff began
his offense in July, 1916; a whole
Bohemian army, deserted, and v Arch
duke Frederick was relieved of bia
command on orders of the German Em
peror. Part of another Bohemian army
corps which attempted to desert was
caught and, upon orders of Kaiser Wil
helm, one out of every five officers
and men was executed. The rest were
Imprisoned. These are a few instances
which show the critical situation which
has existed In Austria-Hungary since
the beginning of the war.
Franz Josef was successful in keep
ing the dual monarchy united while he
was alive, because he practically turned
the country over to Count Stefan Tisza,
the Minister - President of Hungary.
Germany will not permit the new Em
peror to do this.
Tiasa's Power Illustrated by Story.
A story told in Vienna illustrates bet
ter than anything else Tisza's former
power. It is said that when the old Em
peror died he was met at the golden
gates by St. Peter, who asked him:
"Your Majesty, what has Your Ma
jesty done to merit entrance hereT"
The tottering old Field Marshal
thought a minute, scratched his head
and replied:
"I don't know: ask Count Tisza."
Outside of Berlin the Reichstag is
looked upon as the representative body
of the German people. During .the two
years 1 was in Germany the Reichstag
did nothing which was not planned by
the government and executed by the
government's representatives. To a cer
tain extent this is true of the Hunga
rian Parliament. The one big differ
ence is that in Budapest there is free
dom of debate. In Berlin there Is no
freedom, not even freedom of thought.
In Budapest the opposition, which has
. the support of the people, but which Is
prevented from gaining authority be
cause the government party is the
"land party," is the militant party. The
Hungarians have leaders great lead
ers, too, who, like Count Albert Ap
ponyi and Count Julius Andrassy.' can
lead if they will. Unlike Germany, there
are organizations and leaders through
out Austria-Hungary who are ready to
lead and to fight a revolution. Germany
knows this, and the fact that last week
Chancellor von Bethmann-Hollweg has
tened to Vienna to confer with young
Emperor Charles is proof that the
greatest crisis since the beginning of
tne war nas developed In Austria-Hun
gary. Time will tell whether the Ger
mans or the anti-Prussians, are the
mors powerful.
German Officers Dominate.
There is another big difference be
tween the situation In Austria-Hungary
ana Kussia. tiotn nations, it Is true,
were ripe for revolutions. But In Rus
sia the army was Russian and under
command of Russians. Not so in the
dual monarchy. Ever since General
Bruslloff's offensive crippled and de
moralized the Austro-Hungarlan army
It has been reorganized as a unit in the
German army. There Is not even
company In the Austrian army which is
not commanded Dy Germans. In fact,
every eight Austrian are under a Ger
mon under-of fleer. If there was a rev
olution in Austria-Hungary the revolu
tionists could not count upon the support
or a great army. This may make a re
volt in the dual monarchy take the
form of pressure upon Germany to make
. peace on any terms.
All these developments are certain to
have an Important influence .upon the
German Socialists. They are the real
democrats of Germany. They have the
vision of a liberal Germany, and if they
continue to support the government it
will be because the Chancellor Is will
ing to pledge and begin reforms. The
sudden appearance of Von Bethmann
Hollweg In the Reichstag a few days
ago means but one thing the Socialists
have taken advantage of the Russian
revolution to demand reforms now.
would not be surprised if they again
demanded peace.
DESTINATION IS - LONDON
Negro Guardsmen Inspected.
. NEW YORK. March 26. The Fifteenth
Regiment of Infantry, New York N
tlonal Guard, made up or negroes, re
ceived a preliminary Inspection toda
by its officers, headed by Colonel Will
lam Hayward, of the New York City
Publlo service Commission. The regi
ment has been accepted by the state.
Read The Oregonlan classified d-.
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Photo Copyrlgh t. 1917, by Underw.ood & Underwood,
HERBERT C. HOOVER,
HOOVER IS ON WAY
Method to Be Found to Con
tinue Relief of Belgiums.
Work Will Be Conducted From Out
side German Soil in Event That
Return to Country Itself t
Is Not Permitted."
NEW YORK, March 25. (Special.)
Herbert Clark Hoover, chairman of the
Commission for Relief in Belgium, Is
on his way-back to Europe to take up
again the active management of the
American relief work for the strickn
people of Belgium and Northern France.
It is rumored now that he may not be
permitted to return to Belgium, and if
this proves true he will make arrange
ments to have the work carried on by
Dutch and Spanish agents who in the
past have been working with the Amer
icans in 2000 municipalities.
Mr. Hoover s immediate destination is
London, from where he may go to Rot
terdam. If be is excluded from Bel
gian territory he will nevertheless not
give up the great task to which he has
set himself, but will continue to oper
ate in at least an advisory capacity out
side or German soil.
If he Is not permitted to continue nis
great work of relieving the destitute
in Belgium he will resign It to Dutch
and Spanish agents who have been
working with the Americans in the 2000
municipalities for the past two years
and who understand how to continue
the work.
Mr. Hoover, on leaving, said that the
steamers loaded with grain for Bel-
glum were then on the ocean and that
five more were about to start. Ten mil
lion persons are dependent for their
very lives on the safe arrival of these
cargoes..
Advices from Belgium, and also from
Washington, are that since Mr. Hoov
er's departure from New York the
American officials in Belgium have
been ordered out of the country. This
will compel Mr. Hoover to modify his
original plans, but those connected
with the relief work are confident that
a way will be found to continue toe
work.
MONEY PREFERRED TO MEN
(Continued Front First Pace.)
AMERICA GETTING
SECURITIES BACK
More Than 56 Per Cent of For
eign Holdings in Rail
roads Reabsorbed.
MOVEMENT IS CONTINUED
Total Returned to Home Markets
Estimated at $1,518,500,878.
Many Millions of Indus
trials Are Not Included.
NEW YORK, - March 25. Further
heavy absorption by American Investors
and financial institutions of foreign
owned American railroad securities is
disclosed in the latest compilation pre
pared by L. F. Loree, president of the
Delaware & Hudson 'Company, made
public tonight. Mr. Loree has made an
exhaustive study of this situation since
the first six months of the war.
When Mr. Loree's inquiry was first
undertaken it was ascertained that
American - railroad securities held
abroad July 31. 1915, were of a par
value of $2,704,402,364.
. From August 1, 1316, to January 31,
1917, there were returned to the Amer
ican market securities of par value of
$229,817,076. or 16.23 per cent for the
six months.
During the annual period ended July
$1, 1916, there were held abroad se
curities of the par value of $1,416,628,
663 (market value $1,110,039,090), show
ing that there were returned for the
year, securities of the par value $807,
881,666, or 36.33 per cent.
During the semi-annual period end
ed July 31, 1915, there were returned
to this country securities of the par
value of $480,492,136, or 17.78 per cent
for the six months.
"Therefore." says tne Loree report,
"from the date the first compilation
was Issued, showing securities held
abroad amounting to $2,704,402,364,
there have been returned to the Amer
ican markets securities having a par
value of $1,518,690,878, or 56.15 per
cent."
Mr. Loree's figures are based on in
formation received from 144 railroad
companies, including all the roads in
the United States more than 100 miles
In length, of which number 105 com
panies reported securities held abroad.
The Loree compilation does not in
clude many millions of dollars of se
curities of American industrial- cor
porations held abroad prior to the war.
ernment Is democratic or a constitu
tional monarchy, the workmen and
peasants will demand representation
to enforce acceptance of certain so
cialistic measures bearing on operation
of factories and ownership of lands.
Tna. tone of Petrograd is communis
tic and the insistent -attitude of the
workmen is accepted in g ood part by
the other citizens. The householders
all serve as police at certain hours,
parading the courtyards while the sol
diers are policing the streets, which are
all free from disorder at night the
streets are empty.
Russia's future peaceful progress de
pends on the ability to get together
admirably exhibited by the tw5 com
mittees, even in the hottest time at
the Duma. The only serious danger
of disagreement at any time was due
to the demand for peace by a small
group, never Influential.
On one point all are agreed: They
must finish the war victoriously and
rid the country of the monarchical Ger
man invader in order to clear the
theater for the country's development.
To do that successfully, advices from
various parts of the country convince
me, it Is advisable to delay the consti
tutional assembly and the attendant
unescapable conflict of the interests of
the different classes.
Nation Not Yet Ont of Woods.
Russia can see her path ahead, but
It is not yet out of the woods. Mean
while the new government is develop
ing so rapidly that it is impossible
to follow, the details.
As a striking example of the spirit
of the times, all prisoners In Petro
grad were -ordered released, but there
has been practically no crime. Four
men sentenced to hard labor for crimes
have been guarding some gold ship
ments. That is only one story of the
deep regeneration. Minister of Justice
Kerensky has issued an order that pris
oners returning voluntarily will have
their sentences cut in half. The aboli
tion of capital punishment is a banality
In these times in Russia.
Dvornek, formerly an unwilling
agent of the police, has said publicly:
"The French -revolution 100 years
ago was to get such liberties as were
possible at that time. The Russian
revolution, after 100 years of advance
ment and social reform, must have all."
GOLD MIES EXAM
EXPERTS LOOK INTO PROPERTIES
NEAR GRANTS PASS.
would be the granting of loans and
credits. It is highly probable that in his
message to Congress he will discuss
this important subject.
If the President makes the recom
mendation expected, the banking and
currency committees of the two houses
will give serious consideration to the
means by which financial assistance can
be extended. There is no doubt or the
appeal the plan will make to them.
Loan by Fraacc Recalled.
In this connection it is recalled that
during the American Revolution, when
there was grave doubt that the colo
nies would be able to wrest their In
dependence, from Great Britain, the
King of France not only made direct
loans to the struggling Congress, but
encouraged els subjects to do so. Con
ditlons in the impoverished states.
after the treaty of peace was signed
caused Benjamin Franklin in 1783 to
apply to the French King for a new
loan of 6.000.000 "livres tournols."
which was granted. The treaty signed
required the Lnlted States to pay
per cent per annum. The treaty con
tained these articles:
"For the better understanding the
fixing of periods for the reimbursement
of the 6,000,000 livres tournols at the
Royal Treasury and to prevent all
ambiguity on. this head, it has been
found proper to recapitulate here the
amount of the preceding aids granted
by the King to the United StateB and to
distinguish them according to. their
different classes.
The first is composed of funds lent
successively by His Majesty, amount
ing in the whole to the sum of 18.000.00J
livres, reimbursable to specie, at the
Royal Treasury, In 12 equal portions
of 1,500.000 livres each, besides the in
terest, and in 12 years, to commence
from the third year after the date of
the peace; the Interest, beginning to
reckon at the date of the peace, to be
discharged annually, shall diminish in
proportion to the reimbursement of the
capital, the last payment of which
shall expire In the year 1798.
. "The second class comprehends the
loan of 5,000,000 Dutch florins, amount
ing by a moderate valuation to 10.000,
000 livres tournois, the said loan made
In Holland in 1781 for the service of
the United States of North America,
under the engagement of the King t&
refund the capital with interest at 4
per cent per annum at the general
counter of the states general of the
United Provinces of The Netherlands,
in equal portions; reckoning from the
sixth year of the date of said loan and
under the like engagement on the part
of the Minister of the Congress, and in
behalf of the 13 United States, to re
imburse the 10,000,000 of said loan in
ready money,- at the Royal Treasury,
with Interest at 4 per cent per annum
in 10 equal portions of a million each,
and In 10 periods from year to year,
the first of which shall take place In
the month of November,- 1787; and the
last in the year of 1796. The whole
conformable to the conditions ex
pressed in the contract of 10th July,
1782.
Kins; Makes Gratuitous Gift.
"In the third class are comprehend
ed the aids and subsidies furnished to
the Congress of the United States under
the title of gratuitous assistance from
the pure generosity of the King, 3,000,
000 of which were granted before the
treaty of February, 1776, and 6.000.000
to 1781, which aids and subsidies
amount in the whole to 9,000.000 livres
tournols. His Majesty here confirms.
In case of need, the gratuitous gift to
the Congress of the United States.
The French King did not make a dol
lar out of the United States. His sub
jects were constantly knocking at the
door of Congress asking for repay
ment of the moneys they had advanced.
Finally the matter was adjusted, rea
son was given France to learn the
truth of the old adage that "republics
are ungrateful.
There Is now a splendid opportunity
to show France that we are as consid
erate of and as helpful to her in her
need as she and her King were to us in
the dark days of the Revolution. As
France did not grant the loans to make
profit, so the United States ought not
to give money In the expectation of
gain, as the Herald has argued. The
beautiful thing about a loan at ' the
same rare of Interest the United States
Itself would pay would be that there
would be removed from the American
people the reproach which has been lev
eled at us and which has found express
sion In the words, often spoken abroad:
We are fighting for your principles
and for the safety of your Government
and country, while you are making
money out of our agony."
Osgood Prospect Held at 980.0O0
and Loeran-Slmmona Mine on
Market for 150,000.
GRANTS PASS, Or., March 25. (Spe
cial.) Under the direction of Mining
Engineer ' Meade, who recently came
here from San Francisco, a comprehen
sive' prospecting of the Osgood placer
mining ground has begun. The Osgood
property, which adjoins the Logan
placer mine in the Waldo district, con
sists of 640 acres. It has been op
erated under lease during the past few
years by James Logan and is equipped
with hydraulic pipes and sluice boxes,
three "giants" being In operation.
A tractor drill was taken out from
Grants Pass last week and every acre
of the placer ground will be thorough
ly prospected. On the report made by
Engineer Meade as to the showing of
the gold-bearing gravel will depend) the
sale of the mine, which is under option
to New York parties. The price on tht
property Is $90,000.
The Osgood mine lies between the
East and West forks of the Illinois
River and takes its water from the
East fork. It has been a noted pro
ducer of placer gold for a number of
years.
The Logan-Simmons mine, probably
the best-known placer property of
Southern Oregon and a most depend
able producer, has been under option
to parties from Seattle and Tacoma for
several months past, during which
time it has been under examination. G.
E. Esterly. of Seattle, is now at the
mine directing the examination and L.
A. Levensaler, of Tacoma, a mining
engineer who has represented the Gug
genheims in a number of transactions,
has made numerous visits "to the prop
erty. There are about 1500 acres in the
property optioned and the price Is re
ported at from $137,500 to $150,000.
T
SOME CONCESSIONS MADE
(Continued From Klrt Faffs.)
SHOT IS FIRED BY SENTRY
Unknown Man in Boat Falls to Heed
Warning at Bridge.
HAVRE DE GRACE. Ml, March 25.
Shots were exchanged tonight at 7
o'clock between a sentry on duty at
the Pennsylvania Railroad bridge over
the Susquehanna River and, an un
known man in a boat, who failed to
move away from the bridge.
The boatman disappeared in the dark
It is not known whether he was struck
This was made easier because both
early agreed on the necessity of the
Emperor's abdication.
Most of the radicals wanted an Imme
diate Socialist Republic, but the cooler
heads on all hands convinced them that
it was Impossible to make so radical
a change in the middle of the war, and
the ministry now In power was chosen
by Joint "agreement between the Duma
and the radicals.
So, while the eventual demands of the
two wings are widely separated, the
Immediate purpose of both is to sup
port the present ministry until the
national convention meets. This may
be soon, but the general opinion of the
more conservative is expressed in tne
wish that It be delayed as long as pos
sible, because all the fat will be in the
convention fire.
The radicals of Russia are not con
fined to the cities and manufacturing
districts, but are equally active in the
farming districts, . where, because of
ancient injustices, the Red propaganda
finds a ready hearing. The Reds can
count in the convention on the support
of delegates from all parts. Many radl
cals even fear action too quick for
Russia s good. Democratic Russia, they
feel Is too naked and new to face the
whole problem of freedom at once. -
Repression la Astonishing;.
Undoubtedly there are wild rumors
abroad of ridings of the masses against
the upper classes, but, while anything
seems possible after the astonishing
10 days I have seen, I personally do
not believe there are disorders of that
kind. Considering the deliberate re
pression of Russian peasants and work
men under the old Empire, they be
haved admirably.
The soldiers and workmen feel their
responsibility and power, and whila
showing admirable moderation, feel
they must gain what privileges are
possible while the power is . in their
hands. Obviously there is close unity
between the army -and the people, faces
everywhere glowing with aspirations.
rather touching in the simple desire
to live free.
On good Information, the situation
has been less dramatic in Moscow,
where work never ceased and ac
ceptance of the new democratic regime
was entirely mental.
Whether the form of the future gov
TRIAL ENTERS 4TH WEEK
STIRRING DEVELOPMENTS IJf CASE
OK I. W. W. PROMISED.
Prosecution at Seattle Endeavoring to
Prove Officers at Everett Often
Threatened Before Battle.
SEATTLE. Wash, March 23. (Spe
cial.) Stirring developments are
promised by the state's attorneys in the
trial this week of Thomas K. Tracy,
the L W. W. charged with killing
Deputy Sheriff Jefferson Beard on No
vember 5 during the battle at the city
dock in Everett. The fourth week of
the trial in Superior Judge Ronald's
court begins tomorrow, and Prosecutor
Black estimated that it would take the
entire week to conclude the state's case.
Both the prosecution and the defense
have thus far devoted themselves to
determination of the state of mind
which existed both among the members
of the I. W. W. and among the citizens
and officials of Snohomish County In
the battle between a boatload of I. W.
W., bound for Everett on a free-speech
expedition, and a large body of citlxn
deputies, who awaited them at the Ev
erett city dock. Jefferson Beard was
one of those killed in the affray.
The prosecution has been endeavor
ing to show that on several occasions
before November 5 officers of Everett
and Snohomish County had been threat
ened by L W. W. members, that the
first shots in the battle came from
aboard the steamer Verona, which
brought the I. W. W. party to Everett,
and that the members of the citizen
deputy force had been specifically
warned not to use firearms in prevent
ing the Invaders from landing. Testl
mony to this effect has been produced
by several witnesses.
The defense has brought out on
cross-examination of the state's wit
nesses that the I. W. W. had repeatedly
been treated Illegally by the Everett
police and the Snohomish County of
ficials; that they never forcibly resisted
arrest in Everett; that during the boat
trip from Seattle to Everett on Novem
ber 6 no threats were heard, and no
firearms seen, and that when Sheriff
McRae addressed the Verona party as
the boat put in at the dock he had
one hand on the butt of a revolver
hanging at his belt.
PEKIN QUESTIONS VIENNA
IF AUSTRIA APPROVES GERMAN
POLICY BREAK WILL ENSUE.
Berlin Minister China Leaven for
Ban Francisco Under Safe Con
duct From America.
PEKIN, March 22. (Delayed.) The
Chinese Foreign Office has directed the
Chinese Minister at Vienna to ask the
Austro-Hungarlan government if it ap
proves of the German submarine policy.
because of which China has severed
diplomatic relations with Germany.
Should a satisfactory reply not be
forthcoming, diplomatic relations be
tween China and Austria - Hungary
probably will be severed. "
Admiral Paul von Hlntre. the Ger
man Minister, and the legation staff
will leave Pekin on Saturday for Shang
hai, whence they will sail for 8an
Francisco. . From San Francisco Ad
miral von Hlntze, who was formerly
German Minister to Mexico, will go by
railroad to New Tork and thence by
a neutral steamer to Europe.
The Chinese. American, British and
French governments have granted safe
conduct for the Minister and his staff.
Salary Decrease Alarms. '
SALEM. Or, March 25. (Special.)
Officials of Crook County are protest
ing because the last Legislature re
duced their salaries, and Attorney-General
Brown has been asked by District
Attorney Wlrts of that county to in
vestigate the statute and ascertain
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whether there Is any manner In which
the salary decrease can be staved off
or done away with. The District At
torney advises the Attorney-General
that the act appears constitutional to
him, but that a number of officials are
anxious to ascertain whether it can
be found to have a loophole in it.
NEW CHURCH IS DEDICATED
Blsbop Hughes and Rev. Mr. Young
eon Conduct Services at Astoria.
ASTORIA. Or., March 25. (Special.)
The new First Methodist Church was
dedicated this evening. The exercises
were attended by a large crowd, the
members of the other Protestant
churches of the city attending in a
body.
The exercises were conducted by
Rev. Matthew Simpson Hughes, bishop
of the Methodist Episcopal Church in
Oregon, assisted by Rev. William Wal
lace Youngson, of Portland.
noxious to the Government, and that
the doctor had agreed' to stop further
agitation.
The' revolutionist junta spread re
ports through Cuba that the United
States was about to intervene in the
recent uprising there.
CUBAN REBEL IS WARNED
Head of Junta Takes Hint Given by
Government at Washington.
WASHINGTON, March 25. The State
Department announced tonight that Dr.
Orestes Ferrera, leader of a Cuban
revolutionary junta, with headquarters
in New York, had been notified that his
activities in the United States were ob-
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