10
TIIE MORNING OKEGONIAN, SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 24, 1917.
xrorait
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FOKTI.AND, SATURDAY, 1KB. 84, 1917.
NO VTRTTJOCS WARFARE.
Arguments on both sides show that war
Is no way to accomplish any virtuous end.
War does not kill the ills of war and war
does not bring about the alms a nation
strives for. There is no relation between
the results of war and the purposes of it.
Probably no man living would have wanted
. this war if he had known what they were
going to get, save only a few government
contractors. Prom an Interview with David
fitarr Jordan, pacifist.
If war la no way to accomplish a
virtuous end, there can be no justi
fiable warfare. Is that so?
If it is so, the patriots of 76 can
not be defended or excused for the
Declaration of Independence and the
dreary and bloody years that fol
lowed. It is not supposable that a republic
could then have been set up and main
tained without resort to arms. So, if
the pacifists of that day had had their
way, we should still now be under the
British flag:, a colony of the British
crown.
Continuing the pleasant pastime of
suppose to its conclusion, we should
today also, as loyal and dutiful British
subjects, be participants in the great
est war in history. Thus we see clear
ly how by a little war a hundred years
ago we have avoided so far a great
war today.
We do not defend or Justify war ex
cept for virtuous and necessary ends.
Wet would avoid war always if, and
when, it could be done with honor or
permanent advantage. But we would
not permit ourselves, or our country,
to perpetrate the stupendous folly of
entering naked the lions' den of a
great conflict. That is what your
pacifist extremist appears to be will
ing to do.
It is reasoning in a vicious circle to
say that war is horrible as it is and
indefensible, and to say that there
fore we will not wage war.
Not for defense, nor liberty, nor
even for humanity?
EfAUGtrRATlON PRECEDENTS,
At least one precedent will be
broken if present plans for the sec
ond Inauguration of President Wilson
on March 6 ' are carried out. This
time it will be the wife of the Presi
dent who will set the new fashion.
Because the formal ceremony is to
take place out of doors, on a stand
improvised for the occasion in a cor
ner of the Capitol grounds, it will be
possible for Mrs. Wilson to stand
within a few feet of her husband
while the oath is being administered,
and this Is said to be her intention.
Mrs. Taft was thought to have gone
far toward establishing a new custom
when in 1909 she rode down Pennsyl
vania avenue with Mr. Taft on the
way to the inauguration ceremony, and
accompanied him to the door of the
Senate chamber. Farther than that
she could not have gone without caus
ing a tremendous stir In those circles
that set high value on therules and
regulations of bygone days. Mrs. Wil
son, it is said, will this year follow
the example of Mrs. Taft by accom
panying her husband on the drive
down the avenue, and also will go a
step further. The fact that the oath
will not be administered this time in
the Senate chamber, leaves the ques
tion of the sanctity of that inner tem
ple still for the future to determine.
Not all precedents are valuable, even
as guides to conduct. If we were
wedded to them absolutely, Washing
ton would have no inaugural pomp
and there would be no recognition of
the changing demands and conditions
of the times. Jefferson was the first
President to be inaugurated in Wash
ington, and he proceeded from his
nearby lodgings to the Capitol in the
company of only a few of his friends,
mostly members of Congress. The
White House was then In the center
of a swamp and was so uncomfort
able that the President did 'not make
It his residence for some time after
formally taking office. Washington
has been literally made over since that
day, and if Jefferson could return for
another inauguration it is questionable
whether he would find the same rea
eons for simplicity that existed then.
The inauguration of President Madi
eon was more elaborate than that of
Jefferson, but was a simple affair by
comparison with the present. Madi
son had an escort of two troops of
cavalry. It was a muggy day in Wash
ington and the night was so hot that,
according to the newspapers of that
day, people broke the window panes
In the hotel in the struggle to get ven
tilation. The precedent for extreme democ
racy set by Jefferson had parallel in
Jackson's insistence that the White
House be thrown open to all who de
sired to come. There was a greaf in
flux of visitors to Washington, far
outstripping the city's hotel accommo
dations, so that some thousands were
compelled to spend the night in- the
parks. But the White House recep
tion bordered on disaster. There was
in the throng a considerable admix
ture of the rough-and-tumble element
that wrought sad havoc with the fur
niture. Great quantities of china were
broken and refreshments were carried
away by wholesale, containers and all.
The second inauguration of Presi
dent Lincoln was noteworthy for quite
another reason, and was perhaps the
most seriously regarded in all the his
tory of the republic. Inauguration
ceremonies since then have been
marked by participation of the Army
and Navy to a greater or less extent,
and by the growing tendency of per
manent residents of the District of Co
lumbia to make the utmost use of
their commercial opportunities. Presi
dent Wilson's first inauguration was
somewhat marred by the ungallant
treatment by the populace of a large
assemblage of suffragists, who held
a parade of their own preceding it
and who received perfunctory and in
' adequate police protection. The af
fair cast a damper over the cere-monles-ln-chlef.
The misunderstand
ing now threatened over the admission
of certain women's floats into the pa
rade probably will not assume grave
proportions. It is several days until
Inauguration day, with plenty of time
for adjusting all minor, difficulties. '
Neither Constitution nor statutes re
quire the President to take the oath
of office in public. There is nothing
to inhibit him f-om being sworn in at
the residence of a justice of the Su
preme Court, or In his private office
in the White House, or at any other
place. As a matter of fact, oaths to
the successors of our deceased Presi
dents have been administered that
way. Without inauguration ceremony
of any sort, the President, having
taken the oath, would be as much the
President as if inducted into office
with all the pomp imaginable.
THOSE REPORTORIAI, CKIMTXAI.8.
The mighty leak scandal has fizzled
out in an exoneration of everybody
concerned except two thrifty black
leg newspaper reporters. Brother-ln-Law
Boiling, the stock broker, had
nothing to do with It. Son-ln-Law
McAdoo is as innocent as a new-born
babe. The Cabinet, of course, had no
knowledge of the wicked collusion be
tween Wall Street and Washington.
The President's secretary didn't even
know that the President had sent a
note to Germany. But the newspaper
reporters, who "connected deductions
with facts obtained in conversation
with other reporters," are to blame
for the whole train of sensational cir
cumstances and universal gossip tha
grew out of the telegram sent from
Connolly & Co. to Wall Street.
The public will accept, and should
accept, without reservation the find
ing that no high Government official
was in any way involved by the dis
closures. It is glad to be reassured
that no member of the Cabinet, no
one in the personal or official confi
dence of the President, no member of
the diplomatic corps has been lured
away from strict observance of the
proprieties by the sound of the stock
ticker. The brother-in-law who had the bad
taste and worse Judgment to become
a stock broker within the shadow 'of
the White House has retired from the
Connolly firm. The leak investigation
has served to make it clear that there
are certain obligations of conduct and
action even upon Presidential rela
tives. But there is still a son-in-law
in the Cabinet.
AN AI'PKAL.
As a premise to the appeal we are
about to make to a self-sacrificing
citizen and true-blue office holder, the
Honorable Rufus C. Holman, chair
man of the Multnomah Board of Coun
ty Commissioners, we note the fact
that the recent Legislature, unmind
ful of the rigors or the 6 per cent
limitation, raised, the salaries of the
Multnomah Commissioners from $1800
per annum to $3000 per annum a
sheer advance of $1200 each per year.
We do not forget that the Honorable
Rufus, ever thoughtful of the tax
payers' hard lot, offered up. a noble
protestation that they would have to
raise his pay over his dead body.
or some such virtuous and convincing
sentiment. Giving only a fraction of
his valuable time to the public serv
ice, the Honorable Rufus Justifiably
felt that he was amply paid, although
the two other Commissioners, being
on the job early and late, naturally
had no such qualms. Probably the
Legislature's desire to compensate
them adequately is responsible for its
action.
We have In mind the example of two
Portland newspapers which recently,
with a loud outburst of self-acclaim,
refused to print the delinquent tax list,
although the law authorized them to
perform that proper and necessary
public service. The result was warm
encomiums from the Honorable Rufus
because thus the burdened taxpayer
had saved much money. He wrote
to the Portland News a letter, which
we take the liberty of reproducing in
part: .
Tour generous and public-spirited stand
In this matter Is equivalent to a gift to
the publlo of approximately $1400.
Some newspapers continually harp upon
economy and efficiency in publlo affairs,
yet when economy and j efficiency affect
their own particular pocketbooks they
promptly forget. Actions speak louder than
words.
They do, they do. Indeed. Let it
not be said in retort that some office
holders continually harp upon econ
omy and efficiency, yet when it affects
their own pockets they promptly for
get. Oh, no. We are sure the Hon
orable Rufvfs will never forget.
Let him save the taxpayers more
than $1400 by declining to accept for
the remaining two years of his term
the $2400 $1200 per annum the
Legislature sought to force upon him.
Let him not be behind the News and
the Journal In their stern, though
beautiful, guardianship of the tax
payers' hard-earned money.
Far be it from us to lower a praise
worthy deed, performed from high
motives of conscience, to the sordid
plane of political expediency; but nev
ertheless the wide clientele of the Hon
orable Rufus, seeking to Induce him to
aspire to other official honors, even
the , loftiest, will acclaim him noisily
for an action that speaks louder than
words even louder than the Honor
able Rufus's loudest.
NO TIME TO ITECKXE JAPAN.
The most irritating sign of provin
cialism among the American people
Is the disposition of certain legislators
to heckle Japan at the time when on
any day that "overt act" may be com-'
mitted which will put the United
States in a state of war with a nation
against which Japan is fighting. What
ever be the opinion of a legislator In
Idaho ,that Japanese should not own
land in this country, or that Japanese
men should not be permitted to marry
American women, he should be willing
to keep his opinions In the background
until the more serious and acute quar
rel with Germany is ended.
The Idaho legislator who persists in
stirring up these questions affecting
Idaho when questions of more gravity
affecting the United States demand
immediate settlement with Germany
shows that in his estimation Idaho
looms larger than the United States,
that he places what he esteems to be
the Interests of Idaho above the in
terests of the whole republic. If our
commerce were to be destroyed, he
would soon discover that Idaho Inter
ests were far more vitally affected by
the submarine menace than by any
Japanese menace which he Imagines
to exist. Submarines may cut off
from their best market Idaho lead,
zinc, fruit, grain, wool, meat and other
products. If this were to happen, the
anti-Japanese agitator would discover
his state's interest in shipping and
the freedom of the seas, though he
may never have seen a ship, and the
Japanese bogy would seem small by
comparison.
Japanese Immigration has been
brought to a standstill By the gentle
men's agreement, which Japan loyally
observes, and will be still further re
stricted by the new immigration law.
If any further action should be needed,
it can safely be deferred until the
more urgent business with Germany
is out of the way. When it Is under
taken, it should be by treaty or by
Congressional legislation, not by any
individual state. The only proper au
thority to adjust relations with Japan
and its citizens is the United States
Government, not Idaho or any other
single state.
GROWTH OF THE CHURCHES.
Predictions made early In the war
that religion would suffer from the
upheaval are not borne out by the
Year Book of the Federal Council of
the Churches of Christ in America for
1917, just published. This presents
statistics' showing marked growth in
1916, and the summary of the figures
for the years since 1890 Is even more
surprising. The returns take account
of Roman Catholic, Protestant and
Eastern Orthodox, and show that the
total religious strength of these bodies
in the United States, which was 20,
618,000 in 1890, had been increased by
19,399,000, or 94 per cent. In twenty
six years, while the population of the
country in the same period had in
creased by 39,000,000, or only 61 per
cent. This showing that the churches
grew considerably faster than the pop
ulation should quiet pessimism for
some time to come.
The gain in 1916, which was 747.
000, was 204,000 more than the in
crease for 1915, which is also encour
aging from the point of view of the
church organizations.
The fact that the gain in number
of churches was small in 1916 will not
impress many as an unmixed disad
vantage, in view of the general move
ment toward consolidation of religious
effort, especially In the country and
in the smaller towns. Social surveys
directed to this subject in recent years
have shown that mere numbers of
church organizations are not a good
basis upon which to compute effi
ciency. Previous faulty methods of
making returns are also said to be to
blame for the apparent slight In
crease, which was only 117 churches
for the year. The effective power of
those still in the field, however, Is
believed to have been enhanced. The
fact that the number of ministers
has increased by 2643 in the face of
a relatively small increase in number
of churches points in the same direc
tion. The gain in ministers In 1915
was only half that of 1916.
Sunday schools make an even better
showing than the churches. They have
a larger aggregate of scholars than
ever before In the history of the
United States, and have gained more
than 6,300,000 in ten years. The in
crease in the number of schools in the
same period has been nearly 16,000.
This would seem to indicate that the
ratio of church increase in the decade
ahead of us will be even greater than
it has been In the past.
WHAT JOHN ADAMS DID.
There is a close parallel between the
present position of the United States
with regard to Germany and Its posi
tion with regard to France when John
Adams became President in 1797. At
the latter time the French Directory
refused to receive our Ambassador,
treated him with insult and finally or
dered him to quit the territory of the
republic. Our ships and cargoes were
confiscated when the latter consisted
of goods made in Great Britain. In
trigues were carried on in this coun
try with a view to stirring up the peo
ple against the Government. Privateers
were equipped in French West Indian
ports and even in our own ports to
prey on our commerce.
These outrages caused President
Adams to summon Congress in extra
session, and on 'May 16, 1797, he de
tailed the wrongs done by France and
recommended means of redressing
them. Referring to the speech made
by the President of the French Di
rectory to the retiring American Min
ister as evincing "a disposition to
separate the people of the United
States from their Government," he
said:
Such attempts ought to be repelled with
a decision which shall convince France and
the world that we are not a degraded peo
ple, humiliated under a colonial spirit of
fear and sense of inferiority, fitted to be the
miserable Instruments of foreign influence
and regardless of National honor, character
and interest.
With marked moderation he an
nounced his Intention to send another
embassy to France In the hope of a
peaceful adjustment of all disputes,
but he added recommendations for de
fense, prefaced by these words, which
closely fit the present case:
As the sufferings of our mercantile and
seafaring citizens cannot be ascribed to the
ofHBlon of duties demanciable, . considering
the neutral situation of our country, they
are to be attributed to the hope of im
punity arising from a supposed liability on
our part to afford protection. To resist
the consequence of such impressions on the
minds of foreign nations and to guard
against the degradation and servility which
they must finally stamp on the American
character is an important duty of Govern
ment. He proposed an addition to the
Navy and, until new warships had
been provided, that restrictions be re
moved from the arming of merchant
ships. He had hitherto forbidden the
sailing of armed vessels, except to the
East Indies, "where general usage and
the danger from pirates appeared to
render the permission proper," but he
had done so "not from any doubt en
tertained by me of the policy and pro
priety of permitting our vessels to em
ploy means of defense while engaged
in a lawful, foreign commerce." He
continued:
It remains for Congress to prescribe such
regulations as will enable our seafaring
citizens to defend themselves against viola
tions of the law of nations, and at the same
time restrain them from committing acts of
hostility against the powers at war. In
addition to this voluntary provision for de
fense by Individual citizens, it appears to
me necessary to equip the frigates and pro
vide other vessels of Inferior force to take
under conVoy such merchant vessels as
shall remain unarmed.
He said that the greater part of the
French cruisers had been built and
some of them partly equipped in the
United States, and that some Ameri
can citizens resident abroad had fitted
out privateers and others had taken
command and committed depredations
on American commerce. He proposed
increase of the Army for defense of
the ports and "a revision of the laws
for organizing, arming and disciplin
ing the militia." He said that, while
"we ought not to Involve ourselves in
the political system of Europe," It was
necessary that we keep informed "of
the current chain of events and of the
political projects In contemplation"
and he continued: "
It Is necessary. In order to the discovery
of the efforts mada to draw us into the
vortex, in season to make preparations
gainst them. However we may consider
ourselves, the maritime and commercial
powers of the world will consider the
United States of America as forming a
weight In that balance of power in Europe
which never can be forgotten or neglected.
It would not only be against our Interest,
but it would be doing wrong to one-half
of Europe at least If we should volun
tarily throw ourselves Into either scale.
Congress was dilatory about taking
the defensive measures he recom
mended, so he renewed them In his
message of November 2 2,. 1797, saying:
If that system was then prudent. It is
more so tow, as increasing depredations
strengthen the reasons for its adoption.
As grounds for this opinion he went
on to describe the disturbed condition
of the world In terms which accurate
ly describe its present state, saying:
' The state of 'society has so long been
disturbed, tha sense of moral and religious
obligations so much weakened, public faith
and National honor have been so Impaired,
respect to treaties has been so diminished,
and the law of nations has lost so inucb
of its force, while pride, ambition, avarice
and violence have been so long unrestrained,
there remains no reasonable ground on
which to raise an expectation that a com
merce without protection or defense will
not be plundered.
On March 19, 1798, he announced
the receipt of dispatches from the en
voys to France, but said:
I perceive no ground of expectation that
the objects of their mission can be accom
plished on terms compatible with the safety,
the honor or tha essential interests of the
Xatlon.
In his message of December 8, 1798,
Adams reiterated his appeal for meas
ures of defense and announced his
decision to remove restraint on the
arming of ships. France still imposed
humiliating conditions on the recep
tion of the new embassy and refused
to repeal the law "which subjects to
capture and condemnation neutral
vessels and their cargoes which are of
British fabric or produce, although the
entire property belong to neutrals."
Adams called this law "an unequivo
cal act of war on the commerce of the
nations it attacks," hence those na
tions can see In France "only a power
regardless of their essential rights, of
their Independence and sovereignty;
and If they possess the means they
can reconcile nothing with their inter
est and honor but a firm resistance."
Again urging measures of defense, he
said:
But In demonstrating by eur conduct that
we do not fear war In the necessary pro
tection of our rights and honor, we shall
give no room to infer that we abandon the
desire of peace. An efficient preparation
for war alone can ensure peace.
Congress In the meantime had In
creased the Navy, thereby calling
forth from the President the comment
that:
Perhaps no country ever experienced more
sudden and remarkable advantages from any
measure of policy than we have derived
from the arming for our maritime protection
and defense.
His firm Btand had good results.
When he appointed Williams Vans
Murray, then Minister to Holland, as
Minister to France, Talleyrand, the
French Foreign Minister, wrote to the
French representative In that country
that the new Minister "would be un
doubtedly received with the respect
due to the. representative of a free,
independent and powerful Nation."
On December 3, 1799, Adams reported
a disposition on the part of France
"to accommodate the existing, differ
ences between the two countries."
During the ensuing year the Directory
in France was supplanted by the con
sulate with Napoleon as first consul,
and on November 22, 1800. Adams re
ported that the envoys "were received
by the first consul with the respect
due to their character, and three per
sons with equal powers were appointed
to treat with them." Before this mes
sage was written, a treaty had been
signed, and on December 15, 1800,
Adams sent it to the Senate.
Thus by firmness and dignity from
the outset this Nation, which then had
only about five and one-third million
people, maintained Its honor, pro
tected Its commerce and brought to
terms the proud ruler who in the suc
ceeding ten years was to conquer al
most all Europe. In this day, with
twenty times the population and many
times the wealth it had in Adams' day,
this Nation should be able In like man
ner to extort respect for Its rights
from a ruler who has failed to con
quer Europe.
Possibility that the ocean may make
important contributions to the solu
tion of the leather problem is shown
in returns made -within the past two
months to the Bureau of Fisheries of
the Department of Commerce, which
has been collecting data as to the
practicability of utilizing the skins of
sharks for many purposes for which
other leather is now employed. A
considerable quantity of shark skins
has been shipped recently from the
lower Paclfio Coast for experimental
purposes, an increased amount has
come from Alaska, and many speci
mens of tanned leather have appeared
to the Department to give promise of
the development of an Important in
dustry. The supply along the coast
of Central America is said to be prac
tically inexhaustible, and stimulation
of shark killing will have the double
advantage of providing additional sup
plies of leather and increasing the sup
ply of food fishes by protecting them.
Any substitute for the leather now
consumed will have a direct effect on
the price of shoes, by releasing quan
tities of oxhides for purposes for
which no substitution can be found.
Women will be better out of the
inaugural parade. The day Is likely to
be stormy and a woman on parade
should not resemble a wet hen. Men
do not care to see them that way.
High cost of meat will not stop the
shiftless wife from slapping a slab of
steak In a frying pan and Berving it
half cooked. She must be taught the
merits of vegetarianism.
" If Emperor Charles had come to the
throne, earlier to cut red tape and
put drones to work, there might have
been a different tale to tell of Aus
tria's part In the war.
If one-half the population takes to
growing-potatoes and onions and the
other half takes to building railroad
cars and ships, the country will be
safe.
Everybody must be prepared to eat
more apples this year in view of the
embargo. Apples will be cheap and
plenty.
Germany has 760,000 prisoners
working as farm hands, and they dare
not "klc" for privileges.
Bend Bteps out of the brotherhood
of boom towns by building six miles
of sidewalk this year.
These are accommodating snows.
They melt on the walks and save
labor.
Evidence accumulates that Ger
many Is trying not to commit an overt
act.
Nobody is to blame for the "leak"
of a while ago. The news just oozed.
Welcome to the family table, little
brother from Porto Rico!
This is England's year of self
denial. June time Is ro3e time, not July.
TRIXK ROADS ARE IMPORTANT
Bond lasae Should Not Suffer From
Local Resentment Anywhere.
PORTLAND, Feb. 22. (To the Editor.)
L. L. Thornton's letter in The Ore
gonlan strikes a keynote, when on be
half of the Farmers' Society of Equity
be emphasizes the economic Importance
of routing trunk roads across the state
by way of the shortest lines and
through agricultural districts which
are not served by railways. Tie cites
the Capitol Highway from Portland via
Dayton to Salem as an example of a
trunk road which would give much
needed transportation facilities to an
Important agricultural valley where
there is no railroad, and yet would
connect Salem with Portland by a route
much shorter than any contemplated in
the recent bonding bill.
If Oregon were a monarchy and a
Napoleon by his flat decreed where
road money should be expended, there
Is no question but he would build a
west side Portland-to-Salem road south
through Dayton to Salem. But Oregon
is not a monarchy. Here the people
direct where thelr public money shall
be expended.
Experience in Oregon, as well .as In
other states, has demonstrated beyond
a doubt that the people-vote state road
money only to connect centers of popu
lation. The new road plan prescribes
that the West Side Highway shall con
nect Portland with McMinnvllle by way
of Newberg on one road and by way of
Hillsboro and Forest Grove on another
road. From McMinnvllle the highway
goes on south through Amity close to
Dallas, close to Independence and
through Corvallla.
This was because those populous
communities have the greater political
weight. Unquestionably a bill could not
have passed the Legislature If the
wishes of the populous communities
had been disregarded. Certainly it Is
better for all parts of Yamhill County
to have first-class roads connecting
their centers of population with other
centers in adjoining counties than it
would be to have no state roads In
the county.
Residents of the beautiful valley. 22
miles long, between Dayton and Salem,
while they have been denied rail trans
portation for the 70 years during which
the valley has been tilled productively,
can find much consolation in the con
fidence that once the state has Im
proved the highways through the more
populous centers, as prescribed In the
bonding bill. It will be comparatively
easy to get county money expended on
the Dayton-Salem road. If the state
pays the paving expense under the
bonding bill, the local funds of Yamhill
and Polk counties will be released from
heavy maintenance burden and will be
available for "the construction of other
roads 'that are needed.
It Is to be hoped that the farmers
between Dayton and Salem will rally to
the support of the bond issue, even
though the money Is expended the other
side of the hill, for In the ratification
of the bond measure by the people Ilea
the one hope of the Dayton-Salem val
ley to secure aid for paving their road.
This situation Is so typical of many
others In Orejron that the principles In
volved should be discussed, for If once
understood by people living away from
the highways proposed to be paved,
they will rally to the support of the
bond bill, rather than oppose It be
cause of local resentment.
C. C. CHAPMAN.
Shall We Tie the Good Samaritan
The news has flashed from coast to
coast, relations have been broken.
For Uncle Sam's no coward, his
rights he wil defend.
So, under those conditions, the harsh
words, left unspoken
At all times, are the easiest to
mend.
For news we all are eager, and scan
the papers through
Or listen to discussions pro and con.
And men now scan their Bibles like
they never used to do.
For a true foundation which, to ar
gue on.
Some say 'tis God, oome eay 'tis man,
while others history.
The thing we know, 'tis not a bed of
roses.
The enlightened brain can see guilt
plain, there Is no mystery,
Man may propose, but God he sure
disposes.
The devastation over there la sicken
ing to behold.
The lives lost count in millions, shfp
commerce by the billions, I have
read,
A nation's debt on top of that, the
outlook's bleak and cold.
For the mothers, wives and sweet
hearts of the dead.
Let us thank God we're living In the
land of liberty.
Whose ideals are aa lofty as her
mountain peaks are high.
And may the dove of peace descend
and war we never see.
And as peaceful, loyal citizens may
we die.
So, In this time of trouble, let's do all
the good we can.
Even where the Stars and Stripes are
not unfurled.
That all the other nations can say with
one accord.
The U. S. A. gave succor to the whole
wide world.
PETER MKELLAR,
152 East Thirty-fifth street.
THE AMATEUR PATER FAMILIAS.
The hubby whom nature and heaven
has blest with a bundle of joy for the
cosy home nest in the form of a first
ling, a girl or a boy. Is stuffed to the
limit with highest grade Joy. His heart
and his head simultaneous swell and he
feels like ejecting a hair-raising yell,
when the doctor declares the new
comer will go to the one hundred mark
in a prize baby show. He-calls up his
Intimate friends on the phone and tells
of his triumph In Jubilant tone, then
hikes around town till he blisters his
shoes to scatter broadcast the remark
able news. He hustles acquaintances
to the near-bars and treats then to
beerine and nickel cigars and boasts of
the cute little rascal till they have fear
that the hair on their heads may turn
gray. His-"heels hit the pave with a
ring in their tread, a monarch would
envy the poise of his head and he
thinks other daddies are not in the
swim in the great babyculture Industry
with him and all other ktdlets are not
In the class with his hundred per cent
little laddie or lass. 'Tis a phase of
dementia young dads all endure that
time and experience only can cure.
JAMES BARTON ADAMS.
Facta aa to Panama Canal.
PORTLAND, Feb. 23. (To the Ed
itor.) (1) What was the exact date
when actual work was begun on the
Panama Canal? (2) When was the ca
nal finished? (S) How much did It cost
to construct the Panama Canal?
t AMOS DUNCAN.
(1) The first work was done In 1881
by the original Panama Canal Com
pany, of which Ferdinand de Lesseps
waa president. This company became
bankrupt In 1889, and a new French
company was organized in 1894. The
rights and property of this company
were purchased by the United States
for $40,000,000. The first. work by the
United States was undertaken in 1904
and consisted largely of examination
of equipment left on the Isthmus by
the French company" and In building
dwelling houses for employes and In
providing for water supply, drainage,
etc .
(2) The canal was opened to nav
igation August 14, 1914.
(3) The cost is about 8375.000.000. In
cluding $20,053,000 for sanitation,
$7,382,000 for civil administration, $40,
000,000 paid the French company, and
$10,000,000 paid the republic of Pan
ama, '
I COPPERHEADS DrRIXO CIVIL W AR
Correspondent Avera That Only Sooth
era Sympathisers Were So Kdoith.
HILLSDALE. Or., Feb. 22. (To the
Editor.) Responsive to your corre
spondent "Observer" from Mist, in The
Oregonlan. and to the paragraph In
your editorial epigrams about "Paci
fist," la which It Is stated that "During
the Revolutionary War. pacifists were
called Tories, during the Civil War
they were called "Copperheads," kindly
permit me to take issue. There were no
pacifists during the Civil War. The
appellation of "Copperhead" was ap
plied to men in the North who were too
cowardly to come out and fight for the
Southern cause, they claimed to es
pouse, but were ready to s tab the
Unionist in the back and in the dark,
both by word and deed.
You might as well call a hawk a
dove! He was not even entitled to be
called a rattlesnake, for a rattler will
give you warning and will fight in the
open, but the copperhead never he
will strike you In the back. -
During the Civil War there were only
the boys In blue and the boys in gray,
and that arch robber, the Army con
tractor, and the despised, venomous
coward, the "Copperhead."
HENRY E. DOSCH.
The correspondent Is correct only as
to a narrow application of the term.
We quote from the International Ency
clopedia: "Copperheads: A name given by their
political opponents during the Civil
War to those Northern men who, be
lieving the conquest of the South im
possiblethough not necessarily sym
pathizing with the Southern cause
strenuously objected to the vigorous
prosecution of the war by the Admin
istration. In some parts of the country
the name was uniformly used as synon
ymous with 'Democrats.' "
BOXE DRY.
"Bone dry."
A sigh
For days gone by
For the clink of glasses
And the toast that passes
When sparkling liquor is at your lips
And you test its merits wltn tranquil
sips.
For the laugh and the Jest and the fel-
lrlTATBrlln flna
That flourish best with the flow of
wine
I sigh.
Bone dry.
"Bone dryr
A sigh.
Almost a cry
Of glad relief.
Can they be gone, those days of grief.
When Intellect's bright, luminous flame
Flickered and died In draughts of
shame?
When, pledging faith each to the other.
Friend ruined friend and brother,
brother?
To them 1 cry
A glad good-bye
Bone dry.
"Bone dry."
And why?
Does man no longer have a will?
Has he no power to see the 111?
Must he be tended, watched and fed.
Doled out his water and his breaAl,
Taught how to work and how to play
Told when to gro and when to stay?
And what to think and what to say.
And how to live and how to die?
If not, then why
Bone dry?
Perhaps,
When years elapse.
And man, relieved from want's dull
rage
And from his blighting heritage.
No longer pays for Joy and laughter
With tears and sorrow following after.
No longer fears his fello.-men.
Freedom to choose may come again.
Till then we'll try
Bone dry.
GEORGE O. GOOD ALL
Union, Or.
Meaning; of Political Terms.
PORTLAND. Feb. 23. (To the Edi
tor.) Kindly explain the meaning and
origin of "G. O. P.," "Bull Moose."
"grape Juice," and "pork barrel," which
appear in cartoons In reference to pol
itics. JAP IMMIGRANT.
G. O. P. (Grand Old Party) Is a rhe
torical name applied to the Republican
party. It - had the origin In grandilo
quent political speeches.
"Bull Moose" is the 'name applied to
the Progressive party. It originated In
a remark made by Colonel Rooseevlt
that he felt like a bull moose.
"Grape Juice" Is a term applied by
some to piffling statesmanship and
grew out of the custom of William
Jennings Bryan of eervlng grape Juice
In place of wine at formal dinners
while Secretary of State.
"Pork barrel" is vernacular for use
less appropriations. Its origin is obscure.
A MEMORIAL TO TIIE LATE MAJOR-GENERAL FREDERICK
FUNSTON APPEARS IN
The Sunday Oregonian
An appreciative review of the life of Major-General Frederick
Funston, who died on February 19, "the finest fighting man of
his inches" in the annals of the American Army, appears in the
Sunday issue. Read the engrossing record of the soldier who cap
tured Aguinaldo rising to high command and a pre-eminent place
in the hearts of the Nation. Illustrated.
PERSONAL STORY OF JOHN BROWN'S SON Right here in Port
land lives Salmon Brown, aged but hearty, who rode and marched
with his celebrated sire, John Brown, of Osawattomie, in the Kan
sas raids for abolition. For The Sunday Oregonian the son has
written a chapter of his stirring recollections of those wild, freedom-inspired
days "before the war." With an interview by Addi
son 3ennett and photographs.
ROMANCE OF TIIE WAR WIDOW Arises now Ethel Thurston,
special contributor, to tell a tale of heroism unsurpassed in sudden
sallies from the shell-gored trenches of Europe the story of the
wives of soldiers, and the gallantry with which they played their
parts, and are playing them Illustrated.
"WHY THEY FAIL" He has it all "doped" out, has Herbert Kauf
man, why some men are doomed to failure, while others climb
above it with the persistent strength of giants. And youH be fain
to agree with him, when you read this Sunday's page of Kaufman
common sense and counsel.
BIG GAME OF ALASKA Brown bears that weigh a ton, dazzling
big-horns that drop into dizzy spaces at the shock of the high
power missile, the heftiest moose on the continent and the ranging
herds of caribou these and more are characters in Frank G. Car
penter's story of Alaskan game.
YOU'LL FIND IT Somewhere on the Old Poems page and this Is
a promise each week is found by every reader the bit of half
forgotten verse that binds some pleasant memory of the past.
That's why the Old Poems page answered a real need, ceased to be
an experiment and became a well-loved fixture.
PATRIA A continuation of the enthralling story by Louis Joseph
Vance, appearing simultaneously in The Sunday Oregonian and on
the motion-picture screen. Episode IV is complete in tomorrow's
issue. , "
BEAR IN MIND The camera stories of world events; the news of
Portland's many churches; the page of Portland school news; the
special fashion features, the comics and the last word of America
and the world appearing in the many columns of
. THE SUNDAY OREGONIAN
Just Five Cents.
In Other Days
Twenty-five Years Ago,
From The Oregonlan. February 24. 1893.
Washington William B. Gilbert, of
Portland. Or., has been appointed United
States Circuit Judge of the ninth Ju
dicial district.
Not long ago Joaquin Miller wrote to
The Oiegonlan In the effort to find the
address of the man who drew an arrow
from the poet's face when a mere boy.
Just after the battle of Castle Rock,
thereby saving his life. Tha Seattle
Post-Intelligencer, whose editor read
the poet's letter, says tha man sought
is W. S. Jameson, of Port Gamble.
Spokane. Feb. 13. Fire starting In
the Crescent block on West Riverside
adjoining the Review building, spread
rapidly and caused a big loss at 8:30
o'clock this morning.
In the window of A. B. Stelnbach &
Co., is an oil painting of Mount Shasta,
done by Sue Parrott. .who is without
doubt the leading landscape painter of
this state if not of the Paclfio North
west. New York rRumor has It that Com
modore Vanderbllt'a dream has been
realized. It is said the Vanderbllt in
terests have secured control of the St.
Paul system, and that the grand alli
ance now Includes the St. Paul, the
Northwestern and the Union Pacific.
Joseph Jefferson Is coming to the
Marquam Grand In "The Rivals" next
week.
The Coliseum Theater on Third, be
tween Couch and Davis streets, burned
yesterday morning.
e 'v
Duration of Patents.
FLORENCE. Or., Feb. 21. (To the
Editor.) (1) What Is the present pop
ulation of Oregon?
(2) What population Is necessary for
each United States Representative?
(3) How long are patents and copy
rights good for?
(4) Who are the Oregon United
State Representatives and Senators?
5) Who are the ttate Representative
and Senators from Lane County?
(6) What Is the 16th amendment to
the United States Constitution?
HATTTE VAN VLIET.
(1) The 1910 census gives Oregon
672.765 Inhabitants,
(2) 211.877.
(3) Seventeen years on patents. The
original term of a copyright Is 28
years. It may be renewed for another
23 years, making E6 in all.
(4) Senators, George E. Chamberlain
and Harry Lone; Representatlvea, C.
N. McArthur, N. J. Slnnott, W. C. Haw
ley. (5) .Senators. I. H. Bingham and E.
D. Cuslck; Representatives, L. E. Bean,
Allen Eaton and Walter B. Jones.
(6) It empowers Congress to tax In
comes. Course of Bills.
IONE. Or.. Feb. 22. (To the Ed
itor.) When a proposed bill or meas
ure Is brought up. isn't It introduced
and read first before a special com
mittee and then referred to Its proper
committee? Or is It lntrod-uced and
read before the House first, and then
given to its proper committee? Wo
would like to know so as to settle an
argument- READER.
In the Oretron, Legislature the bill
after Introduction Is read to tho
House in which it Is introduced, given
a number and lies over one day. It is
then read a second time to tho House
in which it has been Introduced and 1
referred to a committee usually a
standing committee by the Speaker or
the President, as the case may be. It
goes to third reading and final passage
after tho committee has reported on It.
If passed it Is sent to the other house
of the Legislature and there goes
through the same process of being
read twice, referred to a 'committee
and sent back for passage or rejection.
IF WE COl'tD SEE.
If we couM see. way down In the heart.
Where the tears and the sorrows are
lying.
Where the beautiful fragrant flowers
of hope
Lie torn and withered and dylnsr.
For there's many a Spartan battle
fought.
And many a corse Is hurried.
Without the sound of a funeral note.
To some secret tomb and burled.
There's many an ermine mantle, 1
Covering wounds and scars.
Many a ghastly skeleton
Locked behind prison bars.
And shame on the craven hand
That would lift the ermine white.
Or drag the hidden skeleton forth to
the world's delight.
N. S. XKASET.