THE MORNING OKTSGONIAN, WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 21, 1917.
wax shall be sold to church candle
factories, the number of candles used
annually by devout Russians being
enormous. For this reason, the Gov
ernment also is preparing to purchase
swarms of bees, as they swarm, and
transfer them to districts where agri
culture has not yet been placed on a
a on I ""m"v iuunu6l w v
4 25 be assigned to teach modern "methods
. 2.25 I of bee-raising throughout the empire.
PORTLAND, OBEGOS.
Entered at Portland (Oregon) Postofflca as
second-class mall matter.
Subscription rates Invariably in advance:
(By Mall.)
Daily. Sunday Included, one year....
Daily, Sunday Included, six months..
Daliv. Sunday included, three months
Daiiv. Sunriav included, one month. .... .75
Ually. without Sunday, one year 6.00 I
Daily, without Sunday, three months... 1.75 1 MORE ABOLISHMENT,
1 ... , : .. i . v. . c, .,-.. . AO I
Weekly, one year . . . .' '. l-o Somebody up In Benton County
Sunday, one year S-BO wanta to abolish the Legislature. It
bunday and Weekly So' , . . ,
rv carrier - - appears that the ninety men at Salem
Dailyf Sundav Included, one vear. wprft Rlnw in rMnondine to the de
Dally, Sunday included, one month ..... .75 appropriation to develop
How to Remit Send postofflce money v -
order, txpreu order or personal check on lime deposits for the benefit Of the
your local bank. Stamps, coin or currency I nrl trio rpsntmnt am oner
are at sender's risk, oive postofrice address farmers, ana tne resentment among
in full. Including county and state. I mem is eaia to po bo erew iui mey
Postage Rates 12 to is pages. 1 cent; I are going to do away with the legis
38 to Hi pages, 2 cents: 84 to 48 pages, s hative machinery devised by the state
6 centsT 7S t.P55.6 centsT Foreign constitution and every other state con
postage double rates.
stitution. You can always depend on
somebody In Oregon to start some
thing new, or something that he thinks
is new, but isn't.
Tt the Legislature is a failure, pop
ular government is a failure. If the
rOBTLAND, Wednesday, FEB. 21, 1917. men elected to represent the people
do not represent them, then something
Eastern Business Office Verree A Conk
Jln, Brunswick building. New York: Verree
& Conklin. Steger building. Chicago; Ban
Francisco representative, K. J. RidweU, 742
Market street.
ONE TOICE FROM THE COUNTRY. '
The Corvallis Gazette-Times offers
a view of the road-bonding bill which
The Oregonlan deems it worth while to
reproduce here fully, inasmuch as it
Is a fair attempt of an upstate voice to
do justice to the motives of Portland
and Multnomah County:
The Government has offered the state of
Oregon a considerable sum for roads, provid
ing we will duplicate it.
Nearly every citizen in the state thinks
an effort should be made to avail ourselves
of the fund.
Now comes a proposition to Increase the
is the matter with the direct primary.
We wonder whether a state commis
sion of ten or twenty would give us
better government and save the tax
payers' money. The complaint from
Benton is of course that the Legisla
ture hesitated merely hesitated to
expend money for a particular pur
pose. Since when has reluctance to
relieve the public treasury of any of
its funds been a crime in Oregon? ,
The little flurry at Corvallis will
blow over, we suppose. But we are
indifferent about it. If they abolish
auto tax and issue bends for additional de- I the Legislature of ninety, elected from
The proposition come, from Portland, and all parts of Oregon, and set up a corn
many otherwise worthy and sane Legislators I mission or board of control, it will be
Immediately become antagonistic, on tn
because the people want government
centralized and not localized.
theory that they ought to oppose anything
Portland wants.
The bill even goes so far as to provide that
none nf thn mnnnv xha.ll b ftnent in Mult
nomah County. A START WITH tl,777,00.
inasmucn aa Aiujtnoman uounty, counting i ... . t , t,i i -u , , .
its 'auto tax and all. would have to stanj Commissioner Daly lets the public
nearly half the expenditure, the proposition I know that he will submit at the June
maue by the uovernment, viz. MultnomiB v"-v'""1 v"b-ic-i,oi.
County proposes to put up a large sum for the citv to en into the electric He-ht
good roads In the other parts of the state I , . . ,
providing the other part of the state dupli- I power uusinesa. j.110 uiuuwi cuui
cate the amount. I of S1 777 000 VI tt.t. tno mitsnr. pn
The Government's proposition. Is hailed I ' ..... ,
throughout the state with Joy and feasting I that the municipality may embark
and celebration. unon its new and doubtful undertak-
The same orooosltion eomlnr from Port-I . - - . , . . . , ,
land is viewed by certain soils too small ln- ine 18 lo DO ODvamea
for their position as legislators with distrust I through the sale of bonds. It "IS all
no alarm. I nultn A.nr onii simnlA T.et. Mr. Dalv
have the monev. and elect him Mayor.
ine legislature In the end was autte and he will do the rest
inoroughly convinced that the project I Doubtlesswe shall hear a lot during
could not, in Justice to the welfare the camnaiim about thu trreat service
of the fctate, be rejected. for the people performed in Seattle
Reference to the people and pro- and Tacoma bv their municipally
vision for a special election at the I owned light and power plants. These
earnest practicaDie time, so that ad- I ambitious cities have for several years
vantage may De taken of the benefi- been competing with privately owned
cent purposes of the measure, is in concerns. The capital Investment so
itself a recommendation for the bonds far made in Seattle has been $3,852,
and an indorsement of the compre- 000, and the lighting department ts
xiensive plan lor construction Of paved nnw nn T-or-nrri nsklne- fnr S3 xsn noo
highways, post roads and forest re- more for new power and steam plants,
serve roads throughout the state. The grand total capital investment
-ine biggest idea in the measure is 'rained bv bonds' for Seattle -in its
the declaration of policy for the llcrht. and nnwr utility will thus be
building of designated roads. It advanced from S3. 852.000 to 17.302.-
means that the state has a definite ooo quite a tidy sum. But it does not
oojeciive ana nas aoanooneo .tne old stagger Seattle, which is wholly in tho
ways of confusion, waste and ineffi- hands of the local Dalys, whose names
ciency. it is nign time. ftrn Erlrkiion aid Hesketh.
We shall start in Portland if Com
SWINDLERS GET THEIR deserts. - I missioner Daly has his way with SI,
In the conviction and sentence of 777,000, Just as Seattle started a de
the men who conducted the Northwest 1 cade ago. more or less, with a similar
Trading Company one of the worst sum- less as we recall, we snail
gangs of swindlers which ever infested nave to go a little last to eaten up witn
the Northwest has received its deserts. Seattle. But leave it to Daly.
On the pretext that they would buy
mercnanaise airect rrom tne manurac- I FCNSTOV
auu Will A U I caOU 1 T.". , . ; . . . , , .
and would thereby make large profits! '
with small risk, they Induced thou- Ji ,a " 1"a-" "l
sands of farmers to buy stork in the his activity. More than a score of
company. The fact is that their main I years should have added their bril
purpose was to sell stock and to pay I liance to his career.
themselves large commissions on its I it is using a hackneyed phrase to
sale, for they bought little from manu- call him "a typical American," yet
facturers. They bought from jobbers that is lust what he was. He failed
on time, like any retail merchant, and! to pass examination for West Point
soon loaaea tne company with debt, in vouth. but was not deterred. He
1hey played the old game of the get- made good in one way and another in
ncn-quick man to get money for noth- early manhood, always with achieve-
lng ry iraua, ana it Judge van Fleet ment of military ambition in view.
erred at all in sentencing them, he The last Cuban insurrection was his
erred on the side of leniency. opportunity and the Spanish War its
.every important statement made by realization. As Colonel of the Twen
traie tmitn and his confederates has tieth Kansas he began to figure in
possible inferences .would be highly
ungallant.
Half a dozen cases were investi
gated by personal interviews with one
or both parties to the Incompleted
transaction. The first inquiry re
vealed a highly unromantic state of
affairs. The young man in the case
was arrested for stealing a bicycle and
was in jail on the day set for the wed
ding. The bride-to-be asseverated
that she would wait years, if neces
sary, but she did not. It is always a
woman's privilege to change her mind.
She was married to another man with
in three months. -One or the other
of them played in luck, but it is be
yond the province of a mere census
taker to say which. . In the second
case, the proposal of marriage and its
acceptance were both practical jokes,
and the couple had a return of sanity
before they could find a minister. Both
undoubtedly were fortunate. In the
third, the couple simply changed their
minds, but three years later, the rec
ords show, they obtained a license and
were married. If they do not live
happily ever after a good many peo
ple will miss their guess. In the
fourth case a couple had decided that
two could live as cheaply as one, but
a cold-blooded statistician pointed out
their mistake in time and they re
leased one another for admittedly
financial reasons. The others said
they "simply changed their minds."
Information as to the length of their
courtship, which is lacking, would be
necessary to make any conclusion
worth while. .
The total number of those who ob
tained licenses and did not marry was
more than 3 per cent of the total num
ber of licenses issued. One need not
be a fatali&t to believe that it was all
for the best. A not inconsiderable
amount of work has been saved to
the divorce courts later on, provided
these couples profit by their experi
ence, and at any rate the proper time
to change one's mind !s before the
wedding ceremony, whether the li
cense has been obtained or not.
DAIRY COWS WORTH LESS?
The annual report of the Agricul
tural Department for 1916 shows that
Oregon is making a. satisfactory ad
vance in the number of milch cows
in the state. This number was placed
at 196.000 by the report of January
1. 1914: at 210,000 by the 1915 report.
at 216,000 by the 1916 report, and at
222.000 by the report Just issued. The
increase is 26,000 head over 1914, and
is satisfactory. It is about the same
ratio as that of the country at large.
which was an increase of 2,031,000 in
the four-year period mentioned.
But as to value of animals there is
a surprising and unaccountable falling
off. The price per animal in 1914 is
placed at $65, in 1916 at $63.50. in
1916 at $55. and in 1917. $55. It is
hard to believe that the price of cows
stood still during the last two years,
and still harder to believe that milch
cows in the state are worth 'SlO a head
less now than they were three years
ago. The solution of this problem is
still more difficult when it is noticed
that in the country i.s a whole in the
same period there has been an in
crease of nearly $6 a head.
While making a pretty good show
ing, Oregon cuts a rather insignificant
figure in the dairy business of the
country. It will take a number of
years, possibly more than a decade or
two, for Oregon to take the rank its
soil and climatic conditions entitle it
to hold in the dairy business of the
world. The great trouble is that Ore
gon got a late start in raising proper
food for milk production. Farmers
now know that as food for milk pro
duction there is nothing grown to
compare with corn, when everything
is considered. It is less than a decade
ago that they began to learn the pri
mary principles of corn-growing.
Tt has been proved in the last three
years that Oregon is peculiarly well
adapted to corn-growing, and dairy
men are rapidly enlarging the corn
area, silos are going up on every hand,
and in every way there is a commend
able, increase in the interest taken on
all sides for larger areas of corn to
be planted, for better methods of cul
tivation, but. above all, for better seed
selection and better methods of handling.
been proved to be false. They prom
ised to do a cash business, but they
bought on credit. They represented
that the company made a profit when
military activity of the Nation and his
rise was rapid. His course at the time
of the San Francisco quake showed
him in possession of the quality that
in fact it lost money all the time, and commands large organizations. The
on this false pretense they raised the
price of shares by degrees from $20
to $75. They promised not to receive
any money from the company be
yond salary as officers, but they re
ceived large sums as commissions on
sales of stock. They professed to have
employed an independent agency to
make collections, when in truth they
organized their own collection agency
and through it threatened suit against
stockholders-who became delinquent.
The officers of the Grange and
Farmers' Union cannot escape a share
of the blame for the fraud which was
perpetrated by this gang of swindlers
on their members. These officers
helped the game by announcing that
they had investigated the company
and had found it sound and good,
though it was unsound from the first.
Whether they knew the truth or not.
they are unfit leaders. If they knew
It, they deceived their constituents de-
Thesvform a military class of army
officers, restricting it to the aris
tocracy and the wealthy and drawing
the line sharply against the enlisted
men, but so did Great Britain until
the present war, though that country
was only driven to conscription by this
titanic struggle. Even now men of
the new British army receive only
temporary commissions, officers of the
old army hoping to restor their caste
when peace returns. The United States
has adopted from Great Britain the
rule of making officers a caste dis
tinct from enlisted men, though we
still adhere' to the voluntary system.
Experience of other nations, there
fore, proves that there is no necessary
conflict between compulsory service
and the maintenance of a democratic
form of government in wh'ch the mili
tary is subordinate to the civil arm,
that consort ption may be used purely
for defense in A democracy as well as
for aggression under a despotism, and
that military caste may exist under
the voluntary as well as under the
compulsory system.
The compulsory system can be made
thoroughly democratic in this country
if we wipe out tho social division be
tween officers and men, which is a
British Importation. France has
proved ' by experience that it 1s not
essential to -discipline, as its defenders
pretend. It is undemocratic and 1
conslstentwith the principle of pro
motion by merit which has been
adopted by this Nation. If every man.
without regard to his social or finan
cial status in civil life, were required
to serve as a soldier, its absurdity
would be proved, for men would hold
higher or lower rank regardless of
these considerations and the social
distinction would prove artificial. It
Is repugnant to the instinctive democ
racy of the American citizen, and has
been a hindrance to enlistment of de
sirable men in the regular Army. The
rational and genuinely American way
is to require that, when officer and
private meet off duty, they shall meet
as citizens and therefore as equals,
and that an officer may associate on
equal terms with a private whom he
finds congenial without fear of lower
ing his dignity or of impairing dis
cipline. Were this custom to prevail,
those who aspire to be members of
an aristocracy would receive needed
reminders that this Nation is a de
mocracy, while the animosities which
their pretensions arouse in others
would be cooled.
Universal service would also be a
valuable practical lesson to naturalized
citizens in the patriotic duty which
they owe to their adopted country.
By making comrades in the service of
a new country men who have been
enemies in their respective old coun
tries it would hasten that process of
amalgamation which this war has
proved necessary and would kill the
venom of disloyalty. It wo"uld put fire
under the melting pot.
How to Keep Well.
By Dr. W. A. Etau,
SERVING . IV FAMILY OP SEVEN.
OnMrtlM, Mrtlnnt r tivrlena. sanitation
and prevention of disease, if matters of gen
eral interest, win o answerea. in
umn. Where space will not permit or tne
subject Is not suitable letters will be per
sonally answered, subject to proper llmlt
tlons and where stamped addreseed envelope
is inclosed, trr. bvam win not maae uiu.
or prescribe for individual diseases. Re
qust4 for such services cannot be answerea.
(Copjright, 11B. by Dr. W. A, Evans.
Published b arrangement with ths Chicago
x rioune.j
CLARIFTINQ MILK." '
A certain correspondent writes me
from time to time advocating clarify
ing milk as a means for securing
clean, wholesome milk. I have- never
been much Interested because I have
never thought the process of clarify
ing was a health measure of any con
sequence, though I could easily see its
advantage from the commercial stand
point.
Some of our country-raised citizens
occasionally wonder where is the milk
of yester year. What baa . become of
that few teasponfuls of dirt and milk
in the bottom of the milk can or the
few drops in the bottom of the glass
of milk.
The bottled, milk business could not
have prospered had that old condition
continued. A thin layer of dirt on the
bottoms of the milk bottles would have
been death to the business. No, gentle
reader, the dirt is not kept out of the
milk now. It is taken out. The instru
ment which takes it out is known as a
clarifier.
The clarifiers now in use are centri
fugal machines which throw out the
dirt and hair, and which make It im
possible to find dirt in the bottom of a
bottle of milk. Incidentally, the use
of these machines makes It possible
to market a milk Juat above the legal
line in cream, never skimmed too fine,
never overrlch, always evenly a cer
tain distance above the legal dead line.
at the same level in the milk shortage
of February and In the milk flush of
June.
The late William De Morgan, who
wrote his first novel at 66, has been
outdone by another distinguished Eng
lish artist and member of the Royal
Academy, Sir William B. Richmond.
who at the age of 75 has just published
the first work of his pen. Like the
novels of De Morgan, "The Silver
Chain." by Richmond, is of ambitious
length 400 pages and deals with life
as the writer has seen it. That the
author was moved by no thought that
he might be called away before he
completed his task is shown by the
great pains he took to perfect even
the mechanical details, for he rewrote
the work once in its entirety and aft
erward went overit painstakingly sev
eral times and corrected the manu
script with varl-colored Inks. Critics
say that the novel, while biograph
ical in character, is marked with an
element of belles-lettres, and that its
dialogue is brilliant and its descriptive
passages vivid and highly finished. It
is another demonstration that a man
is never too old to accomplish some
thing until he thinks he is.
Nation kept him at it to the end.
Funston was brave and fearless.
This is said of all soldiers: but Fun
ston had the advantage of being Kan
san born, something not to be over
looked, for the Kansan aHghts on both
feet and stands solid.
big man about 6 feet 6 which
helped a lot. as he was not obliged to
carry dead weight. Napoleon was that
way, and so were thousands who have
made history from the time of David.
All Kansas mourns him, and the
Nation will do him honor.,- But the
greatest testimonial is in the loss. felt
by every man who has served under
him.
DEFERRED ROMANCES.
It is commonly supposed that when
a man and a woman reach the point of
going to the proper county official and
liberately: if they did not know it, their obtaining a marriage license a wed-
investigation was a sham or they were ding roiiows as a matter oi course.
Incompetent to form a Judgment on but recent painstaking investigations
the- facts. of the records of a town in New Tork
Success for a time of this I show that this is not the case. It is
rang in victimizing citizens of as a matter or xact not unusual xor
Oresron and Washington under the romantically inclined to repent of
the noses of the state corpora- their decisions between the time of
tion commissioners and in defiance of obtaining the license and the visit to
the laws should be a spur to these the preacher. In the town in which
officials to exercise unceasing vigil- the investigation was made there were
n-noe aerainxt fraudulent stock-sellinsr. thirty-one such instances, in a total
After promoters have presented a fair- I of 900 licenses issued, from which the
Kpeminir nroiect which lustifles a amateur -sociologist, may oe aoie to
license to sell stock, watch should bo draw almost any conclusions he
ke.ot unon them to see that thev live I wishes.
un to their nromlses and that their For example, more than half of
statements made at the outset con- I those whose nether extremities be
linn. n Ko tma Puorw nllar mmlr ! fft TTI A chilled in advance Of the CGTe-
ln such wildcat companies is a dollar mony were born in countries other j national defense, but they are as free
diverted from legitimate investment, than the United fctates. This may be
and" every person thus victimized is regarded as supporting the theory that
filled with suspicion which injures the marriage is viewed more seriously in
trood name of the Pacific Northwest, foreign countries, ana that the couples,
There is plenty of honest work for the although at ilrst imbued with the
people's savings in -developing the spirit of haste tnat permeates ail
country: the results of thrift should things American, were overcome later
not be permitted to flow into the pock- by the traditions or their native land
ets of the Wallingfords. and decided to ponder longer before
taking the step. It also was signifl-
Bee-keeplng in Russia involves a cant that a large proportion ot those
COMPULSION1 AND DEM O C RA CT.
In order that the opposition to com
pulsory military service may lose the
force of its appeal to public opinion,
it is necessary to discover the basis of
fact for its argument and, if possible,
so to adjust the system that It will
be overcome. It-Is charged that com
pulsory service tends to make the mlli-
I tary power supreme over the civil
He was not a ( power, to produce a military oligarchy
among the commanding officers of the
army and navy, to turn the mind ot
a nation to military aggression and to
make the army an instrument by
which the military oligarchy prevents
increase of popular power. If thesa
statements were true of all countries
which have adopted compulsory serv
Ice, they might well give- this Nation
pause before following their . example.
That they are not true of all coun
tries which practice compulsion is
proved by several examples. Switzer
land is the most striking evidence to
the contrary. All men must be trained
and bear arms, and all are enrolled
for national defense, but the Swiss
have the most democratic republic on
earth, they have no military class and
they attempt no aggression. A sim
ilar system prevails in Sweden and
Norway and, if preparedness for war
creates an appetite for war, it might
have been expected to show itself
when those two countries separated
Norway choosing a king of Its own
But neither attempted to win by force,
they settled their differences amicably
and they remain as democratic as ever,
being monarchies in form but repub
lics in fact.
The same statement is true of
Denmark and Holland. Australia,
New Zealand and South Africa have
adopted compulsory training for
One of the most regrettable conse
quences of war with Germany and her
allies would be that the work of re
lief which Americans are doing for
Armenians and Syrians would have to
stop. By massacring three-fourths of
the Armenians, the Turks have cut
down the food supply of their Asiatic
territory and have produced general
famine, seizing what little food re
mains to feed the army. ' If war
should come, not only would the mis
erable survivors be left to their fate
but the Americans who have been re
lieving them might suffer Turkish
vengeance.
Through being the main source of
coal supply for allies and neutrals,
Great Britain has the whip hand,
Italy must be good or it cannot get
coal for its railroads. Norway must
not supply raw material for ammuni
tlon to Germany under the same pen
alty. The necessities make everything
possible a subject of barter Between
governments.
The bodies of the cowboys cap
tured and murdered recently by Mex
leans show signs of torture as well as
mutilation. Such is reasonably to be
expected, but the United States is a
Christian Nation and its citizens can
not retaliate.
The weather man was very careless
In permitting a deficiency of rainfall
just whelk the state lias gone bone dry.
What are we to do for a drink
the etate becomes a Sahara?
Id Tells of Lone; Hours smd
So-Calied "Af tcniBone Off'
PORTLAND, Feb. Zt. .(To the Ed
itor.) I agree with what Maggie and
Jane say about long hours of the house
maid. I am a cook and housemaid in
a family of seven, and I work from 12
to 17 hours a day, never as few at. 10
hours. This does not include the one
or two hours (never more) which I
have orf in the afternoo-. I get one
afternoon off (Thursday) during the
week.
Well. If I hurry, and scarcely take
time to eat. I can get through my work
and be ready to go by 2 or a littl - after,
but must be back promptly at 5 o'clock.
It takes half an hour to ride downtown
and the same back. Now what can I
do In the time left? There is not time
to a-o to a show or scarcely to shop.
Then on Sunday when I am supposed
to get the "afternoon off." if I rush
through my work, almost choking my
self in my haste to eat. and there
doesn't happeu-to be company, I can
get done by 3 o clock. But what of
that? I must get up earlier on Monday
morning to wash the sink full of dirty
dishes, or more often they are left on
the dining table with the food to dry
and harden. Does anyone call that Ret
ting out of any work, when I have it all
piled bacat on me?
Why has there never -been any agita
tion to g t shorter hours for housemaids
and cooks? Are we any less or lower
than stenographers or salesgirls? I
think not. Personally I think that the
girls and women whose work Is in the
home, whQ contribute to the welfare
and health of tte family, who are in
many cases trusted with young children
and affairs of the home, are not one
grain lower than any other working
woman, even if she sits all day in
stuffy office.
Then why, when so much care is
taken to safeguard stenographers and
salesgirls and other office girls, does
the general public look with indiffer
ence on the sight of a weary woman
trudging upstairs and downstairs, hith
er and yon, fetching and carrying for
17 long hours before she is permitted to
creep to her little room, crawl into
bed and pull the ragged and worn cov
ers (most ot the time net enough to
keep her warm,, over her?
KATIE M.
In Other Daya
Half a Century A(0.
From Tha Oregontan of Feb. 21. 18T.
The steamer Julia yesterday took up
a band of cattle destined for the upper
country, and during the afternoon an
other band arrived at the wharf to be
sent up today.
The Owyhee Avalanche, speaking of
the non-arrival of the malls. via .
Chlco, says: "Last week we an
nounced the non-arrival of said Insti
tution for over 10 days. It has not
yet arrived, and we never heard any
one thing so universally execrated in
Idaho. Yamhill is nowhere as a sub
ject for damnation."
A- J. Hubler has been missing from
the Lincoln House since the evening
of the ISth Inst. It is possible that
he has left the city to escape imagin
ary conspirators who, he thinks, are
trying to kill him.
A correspondent of the Washington
Chronicle writes of the rapid creation
of Xorth Platte, a small village on the
Union Pacific Railroad, about 30 miles
from Omaha.
Helena, Mont.. Feb. 19. Helena is at
present very dull. The large business
nouses barely make expenses. "A man
for breakfast," or supper creates no
excitement, and the class killed are not
much missed.
But the evidence is that clarifying
while it improves the appearance or
milk does not make it more wholesome.
Bahlman of the Cincinnati health de
partment has been investigating that
point. In fact, he found that passing
milk through a clarifier actually in
creased the bacterial count as shown
by cultures; while the centrifugal
motion threw out a great many
bacteria, it broke up clums and thus
increased the number of colonies on the,
culture media. The increase is ap
parent, but not real.
He analyzed the'sludge, usually called
slime, that was thrown out. He found
it a grayish rubbery mucus containing
950,000,000 bacteria to the 15 grains.
Analysis of the sludge showed that It
was principally composed of casein
from the milk, to which was added such
dirt as would fall into milk exposed
around a barn. -
He found no evidence that the sludge
or slime' contained any Ingredient of
the milk necessarily for growth or
health for those who lived on the milk.
It has been claimed that clarifying
milk removed from it some valuable
food ingredient, Bahlman did not find
this statement correct. Seven hundred
and twenty-five gallons of milk yielded
two and one-half pounds of sludge, or
about 24 grains to the gallon.
His conclusion is that from the pro
ducers and dealers' standpoint clari
fication is excellent In that it removed
the gross dirt speedily, thoroughly and
economically, but that it Is not in any
sense a remedy for faulty conditions at
the source of supply nor is It a substt
tute for pasteurization. To which we
might add it is not a substitute for
cleanliness of hands, palls and udders.
neat Kills Germs.
L. M. writes: ' "How long is It neces-
sary to boll a small Dottie ot iigat
cream In order that all germs may be
killed, the cream to be used for drink
ing purposes? Is one-half hour suffi
cientr
REPLY.
Boiling cream for half an hour will kill
all the disease-producing bacteria in it.
For that matter, so will heating in to 150
(GO degreea short of tha boiling tempera
ture) for half an hour.
LET TRUXK LIES BE SHORT LIXES
Farmers' Organisation Favors Most
Direct Route In Laying Out Roads.
AMITT. Or, Feb. 19. (To the Ed
itor.) We. as all farmers should be,
are interested in the good-roads move
ment for three reasons: First, pre
paredness; second, business and. third,
pleasure. The first two reasons, are
momentous and should be treated as
business and not from a standpoint of
political pull or pie or pork. But if
the good roads are to serve the people,
then let It be not in a long, winding
way through the small towns of our
valley and paralleling the railroads
where these towns have many cars
dally.
As we understand It, these roads are
not for the purpose of competing with
the railroads, but should open up new
territory as much as possible and, espe
cially, where the route is the most
direct and easily maintained. We re
fer to the Capital Highway from Day
ton to Salem through a very fertile
valley and yet undralned. In an ortl
cle tn The Oregonlan, at the beginning
of the movement. It Is said to be 1.8
miles nearer by the Rex-Tlgard road
to Salem than on the East Side, and
many miles nearer than through Mc
Minnvllle, Forest Grove, etc We be
lieve that the roads should be built on
the shortest line, and then the feeders
to the small towns could b'b built which
would serve the public in general. But
let the trunk lines be direct.
It is essential that the farmer get
his produce to town as reasonably as
possible. That will be of benefit to
everyone, vs e do not believe that our
Legislature or committee should listen
to the commercial clubs of the small
towns in their selfish motives with
these roads, but, should they do so, the
farmer and producer should sea that
the "pork" will cost them more In the
future than it has in the past, -This
they can do, for they hold tha living
of the world In their hands once every
year.
North Dakota la getting results
through popular demand; may Oregon
comply with the demands of the farm
er, the one on whom all depend.
THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF EQUITY,
By L. L. Thornton, Secretary,
Cause ef Lumbago.
Mrs. N. B. A, writes: "(1) Is sleeping
on the left side injurious in any way?
(2) What Is the cause of lumbago and
how may it be prevented?"
REPLY.
1. No.
2. Have your throat, nose and teeth put
In order, take more exercise, drink more
water. This answers the first part of your
question indirectly.
Twenty-five Tears Ago.
From The" Oregonlan of Feb. 21.
Spokane, Feb. 20. President Hill, of
the Great Northern, returned East this
evening after making one of the most
successful tours of the Northwest since
the times of Villard. He secured a
right of way through the city.
Vienna, Feb. 20.--It is rumored here
the bulk of the grain the Russian gov
ernment recently purchased, ostensibly
tor tne reiier of the famine sufferers,
was really intended to be stored in tho
naticnal granaries as a preparation for
war.
Washington. Feb 20. Mrs. Harrison
gave a public reception this afternoon
which attracted more people to the
White House than ever assembled be
fore on a similar occasion.
Commencing with the engagement of
Mr. Joseph Jefferson, the free list here
after at the Marquam Grand Opera
House is absolutely and emphatically
suspended, excepting to the dramatic
critics of the press of Portland
New York, Feb. 20. "Steve Brodie
is through with bridge Jumping," de
clared that person today when asked
as to the troth of the report that he is
to Jump from the bridge of the South
ern Pacific to ths Pecos River, Texas,
a distance of 3S0 feet below.
curious Interweaving of the religious who obtained licenses but never were
and the industrial life of the empire, married confessed, according to the
and. because of war conditions, it has records, to having previously ventured
been indirectly subsidized by the gov- upon the matrimonial sea. There is
eminent With the nation's bound- an old adage that "the burnt child
aries closed, it has been discovered dreads the fire" that would seem to
that there is need for 6,000,000 mod- apply somehow, but it is not clear why
ern hives, and carpenters are to be these should venture so near to the
provided with suitable dry woods at blaze before drawing back. One is
the cost of cutting in the state for- entitled also to make his own deduc-
ests, workshops are to receive bonuses tions from the circumstance that there
for makine hives and permanent em- were several widows on the list and
ployment is .to be given to a suitable only one widower. Data are lacking
number of wounded soldiers who are in these instances as to which of the
still able to handle the necessary tools, parties to the venture was responsible
The condition precedent is that all the for its failure, and at least one of the
Oil resources are said to be 45 per
cent exhausted and suggestion is made
to search foe, new fields. The search
ers must not overlook the Malheur
country.
democracies as any republic and, when,
they came to the aid of the mother
country, they raised armies by volun
tary enlistment, Australia having re
cently rejected conscription for for
eign service by referendum. France
was more fully prepared for the pres
ent war than any other country ex
cept the central empires, but France
keeps the army subordinate to the
civil power, and tt Is the most
shining example of a nation which
prevents formation of a military class
by promoting social equality between
officers and privates. Italy, too, re
mains a limited monarchy a practical
democracy under conscription.
pulsory service as means of aggres-1 Washington, in a few months, will
sion or of suppressing popular liberty.' ! have the comfort of being as dry as
which have set military above civil
When the news of the riot of "starv
ing", women in New York Is printed
in Europe, the common people will
wonder how America got Into the war.
Why does Germany delay the de
parture of Americans? Is it through
love of them or as hostages for keep
ing of the peace by the United States?
Contenders in labor troubles over
look a patent fact, tht-t a strike not
settled within three days is as good
as lost. It figures out that way.
By refusing to recognize the revo
lutionary government of Costa Rica,
the President lives up to the declara
tion which he made at Mobile.
All the talk about Billy Sunday's
pay is off the point. Those who want
him here will pay him and it is the
business of nobody else.
Heat and Cancer.
F. O. F., president of a coffee roast
r' association, complains that the
article of January 25 gave undue refer
ence to hot coffee as a cause of cancer,
In reply I am pleased to state that
cancer is not caused by the toffee, but
by the heat. Hot tea, bouillon, soup or
even the hot stem of a pipe or a hot
cigar is capable of causing it. The
article in question stated that some
cancer was due to "drinking hot drinks
and eating hot food," or again, "the
drinking of hot coffee and hot soup,
"Women have less cancer of the
stomach because they sip their coffee
and soup, whereas men gulp theirs
down." If the coffee roasters wish us
again to state that hot coffee and other
hot drinks and hot foods "cause cancer
of the stomach we are willing to make
the statement.
Look to Diet.
S. G. H. writes: "I have been a vic
tim of eczema on my hands for 25
years, with occasional breaking out on
other parts of my body. I have con
sulted many physicians without getting
help. It began to trouble me a few
years after coming to Dakota from
Michigan, or when I was about za
years of age. I have thought that the
change of climate was possibly respon
sible. (1) Are the baths of Hot Springs.
Ark., of any benefit? (2) Would a
change of climate be of any help?
REPLY.
1. I do not' think so.
S. No. I suggest that you have your phy
sician inquire into the possibility that your
trouble is due to soma error In diet.
MEXICANS CLAIM TEXAS BY RIGIIT
Santa Anna 'o Authority to Acknowl
edge Its Independence.
PORTLAND, Feb. 20. (To the Edi
tor.) In my three years' service on the
Rio Grande I found that the Mexicans
on that border claimed that Texas was
by right a part of Mexico. Their claim
went back 81 years, when "Remember
the Alamo" was a slogan that led to
our war of unjust conquest.
In 1836 Travis, Davey Crockett, Bowls
and other filibusters led a band of fol
lowers to San Antonio. There they
fortified themselves in an adobe build
ing known as the Alamo .and pro
claimed the independence of Texas.
They were besieged by Santa Anna and
a Mexican army. The Mexicans took
the place and then we heard the say
ing. "Marathon had one survivor, but
the Alamo had nine."
But soon after, at the battle of San
Jacinto, the Texans were victorious
and Santa Anna was taken prisoner. He
had no right to expect his life would
be spared, but he made a bid for it
by offering to acknowledge the inde
pendence of Texas. Then followed the
admission of Texas as one of the United
States, and then. In natural sequence,
the loss of Arizona. New Mexico. Colo
rado, Utah, Nevada and California, a
territory larger than Alexander con
quered in Asia. And as to this, Santa
Anna had no more authority to cede
Texas than President Wilson would
have a right to cede Vermont,
This may sound like midsummer
madness, but the Mexicans are not a
logical people. And, what Is more to
the Dumose. bandits do not respect na
tional boundaries, out go wnero may
think they can get tho greatest 'amount
of loot with the least trouble.
THOMAS M A.MJtK50.
OPPOSED TO GROUP AXMBILATIOS
mmm -
Mr. llnntt Would Defend Any People
Asalnst Destruction.
PORTLAND. Feb. 20. (To the Ed-i
itor.) I do not feel that there was
any cause for criticism by anyone in
the language used by The Oregonlan
commenting on my expressed views re
garding National patriotism and war
Neither do I resent being grouped with
those that stand for the abolition of
National patriotism through Interna
tional patriotism. I was raised with
a group of seven boys and we were
taught by our parents that we had a
common Interest and should not fight
one another. I have since discovered
that this same rule applies to nations,
as well as families. I am therefore
an internationalist. Those of kin to
me who cannot grasp and feel with
me the ennoblement of that higher
thought have my sympathies, and. as
my brother writes, no discord exists.
Because I have climbed to a height
that I may see over the wall of nation
alism into that millenium of inter
nationalism, why should I throw bricks
at anyone not having seen through,
not having climbed? I can Bay with
one hated more than I shall, probably,
ever be. "the world is my country and
to do good Is my religion." If I may
but help to overthrow the barbaric
custom of war, get away from na
tional duelling and move out on that
high plane of International fraternity.
1 shall be well repaid for all the criti
cisms that come to me from any and
every quarter.
It is more than to be regretted that
economic conditions have the power of
forcing a servility that shuts up in
prison walls human minds - that
should be free to soar above the clouds
of this covetous system. While stand
ing, unlntimidated for international
ism, allow me to say I do not disre
spect the flag of this or any other
nation. My case Is that of loving
"Brutus" more than "Caesar." I cannot,
under the present system, get away
from that loyalty that would defend
any group of people against annihila
tion. This loyalty is not national pa
triotism, for I have none. It is all
international. My loyalty is in the
enforced use of this crude system of
government, because the minds of the
people are unable to grasp the im
proved system. It was to improve the
system, by educating the mind, that I
wrote the letter that called forth the
criticism. ' C. W. BARZEE.
power, are the more or less despotic
nations of Germany, Austria, Russia
and Turkey. They have used for these
purposes the same means which the
freer nations mentioned have used to
maintain liberty and independence.
Oregon.
If young Bob onlywould "hit him
in the slats." old Bob might be happy.
Snow storms will have ceased er
the ball season opens.
Pasteuriaed Milk.
Mrs. B. L. II- writes: "Does sterilized
milk retain all the nourishing qualities
It is supposed to have before being
sterilized? Do you consiaer it more
healthful than plain milk?"
REPLY.
Pasteurized milk is far healthier than
raw milk, except for a alight tendency to
causa mild scurvy when used exclusively.
This can be overcome by glvng daily a
little prune, orange, or potato Juice. The
heating destroys tha bacteria of disease
and alao many ot those which cause spoil
lng. If the temperature goes oyer 160 da
grees the theory la that soma of the fer
menu which prevent scurvy are destroyed.
WHY GO AWAY FOR SALVATION f
Home Talent Able to Lena nay to
Heaven. Says Correspondent.
PORTLAND. Feb. 20. (To the Edi
tor.) It seems Just a little selfish to
have Billy Sunday spend his time in
Portland, when he Is needed so mucn
now in some wicked city.
Surely, we Portlanders do not need
to be reformed any more than we have
been. With liquor taken from us, the
cigarette taken from our boys, only
allowed to see motion pictures that
have been viewed and re-viewed by
our all-wise censors, our moral squad
that is ever on tho alert, how can we
Dossiblv ko astrav?
If there is 125.000 available to put
up a building to hold meetings in to
convert us. why not use that money
for a better advantage?
We have aa good ministers of the
gospel in Portland as one can find in
anv city. Let them keep us in the
straight and narrow path. Every night
there is preaching and "singing on some
of our streets, bureiy it is not with
out some good results.
WotelI our i.astern friends what a
wonderful lot of good we have done In
Oregon for Oregon, and then call for
outside help to convert us.
Let us all ao unto otners as we
would have them do unto us and we
will find tho Kingdom of God within
ourselves and not have to wait for
Billy Sunday or anyone else to tell us
how to get to neaven.
L. M. JOHNSTON.
303 Twelfth street.
TELLTALE JOKE IX ZOO STORY
German Translatrs Names of Those
Said to Have Been Killed In Riot.
MILWAUKEE. Or., Feb. 20. (To tho
Editor.) If it is true that a Scotchman
is fond of a little Joke although some
times, - a little slow tn grasping Its
point, I take the liberty of submitting
rather good one to your corres
pondent R. C. McG., assuming from his
Initials that he is of Scotch descent. It
refers to the fearful and dire tragedy
enacted by 3000 of the Berlin popula
tion who driven by starvation stormed
the zoo; a story taken from the Ber
liner Tageblatt of Deceipber 26, "an
Issue later suppressed by special order
of the censor."
Now supposing this story had escaped
the sharp, vigilant eye of the censor
In war times, which Is highly Improb
able, It assumes a decidedly humorous
aspect, when the names of the men
killed in the riot are scanned.
There is killed a Captain "D. TJ.
Luegenmaul." verbally translated,
"lying mouth" or better "false tongue."
An ensign "A H. Glaubsnicht," verb
ally translated "don't believe him."
Henry Quasselstrippe." a Jocular
Berlin Idiom, hard to render In -English.
Shajcespeare would say, "a ranting
knave," "a ribald."
Finally was amongst the killed a
"Peter Angstmeler." Peter "fraid-caf
as our children would say.
If your esteemed correspondent will
not accept the selection of these names
as a criterion for the whole fabric of
the story, then he will miss all the
enjoyment I had In the perusal of this
huge joke perpetrated on the people of
Berlin who although suffering from the
privations of war would rather put a
notch in their belts than storm tho
zoo, a favorite Berlin place of recrea
tion, even In times of war.
LUDWIG FALK.
Call Them Bryanltes.
MIST, Or., Feb. 19. (To the Editor.)
-Ve have been a constant reader of
The Oregonlan for many years. We
saw among your editorial epigrams
this paragraph:
"During the Revolutionary War paci
fists were called Tories; during the
Civil War they were called Copper
heads." Now, I would suggest that
the name Bryanites be applied to such
persons at the present time.
OBSERVER,
A-