THE 3IORXTXG OREGOXIAX, MO'DAT, rEBItTTARY 12, 1017.
6ERMAIIY WILL NOT
MODIFY ITS POLICY
People Desire to Avoid Hos
tilities, but Only on Lines
v of Present Warfare.
RUTHLESSNESS TO GO ON
Submarine Commanders Told to Ex
ercise Discretion as to American
Ships, but Tbis May Only
Postpone Crisis.
COPENHAGEN", via London, Feb. Ill
Little hope or expectation prevails
in Berlin that war with the. United
States is avoidable or that a modus
Vivendi reconciling: the policies of the
two governments can be found.
There now is a desire on the part of
the authorities and a vast bulk of the
people to avoid actual hostility in any
way consistent with the general lines
of the present submarine policy, but
only in such a way. Accordingly, in
structions were given, so the Associated
Press has been reliably informed, to
submarine commanders before they
started on their February mission to
take the safe side when neutral ves
sels, particularly American, were in
question whenever possible. Enemy
merchantmen, when recognized as such.
were ordered to be sunk at sight, but
neutral merchantmen were to be
warned when such action, in their
judgment was consistent with the ob
ject of the campaign and the safety
or tnelr own ships.
Break Only Deferred.
It was realized, however, after the
prompt and resolute stand taken by
President Wilson, that these orders
could only be palliative and only defer.
not avoid, an ultimate break. Also,
It President Wilson stood by his an
nouncement that the destruction of
American lives or ships would be re
garded as an act of hostility, a casus
belli must come sooner or later prob
ably sooner, on account of the number
of Americans on enemy ships.
Moreover, there was the discretion
ary nature of the instruction to sub
marine commanders, who were in
formed that while the careful course
toward neutrals was recommended, and
desired, they would no longer be sub
jected to punishment for departing
from their former procedure of warn
ing, if they found this advisable. It
is considered the only possibility of
avoidance of hostilities would result
from a modification of its' viewpoint
by one or the other side, and so far as
could be judged from the positive dec
larations of Alfred Zlmmermann, the
German Minister of Foreign Affairs,
and other officials before the Asso
elated Press correspondent's departure
from Berlin, there was no probability
Germany would give way this time or
abandon the ruthless campaign now
started.
Crisis Plain to Berlin.
From a neutral cable office it now
Is possible to tell the story of the de
velopment of the present crtels on
which the most rigid censorship has
been applied in Germany.
to me ODserver in Benin, the ap
proach of the crisis had been plainly
and definitely evident since the rejec
tion or Germany's peace overtures.
Information as to Germany's defin
ite decision to start a sharpened sub
marine war and even the form it would
take, namely, a blockade of specified
regions (thougn'the Idea of a prohi
bited zone was later substituted for
that of a "blockade" at the request of
the naval authorities who expected pos
Bible formal objections under the block
ade regions) was received by the As
soclated Press almost on the morrow
of Ambassador Gerard s speech on Ger
man-American good relations, deliv
ered at the banquet of the American
Association of Commerce and Trade,
early in January.
A week later it was stated that
complete decision on the situation had
not been reached, and the campaign
would not De launched until after fur
ther consultations with Germany's al
lies and the receipt of certain informa
tion from Count von Bernstorff and
Count Tamowski von Tarnow, respec
tively German and Austro-Hungarlan
ambassadors to the United States, on
their conception of armed merchant
men and their liability to attack as
Warships.
Momentous Decision Quickly Made.
The final decision on an out-and-out
submarine campaign of a so-called
ruthless type apparently was taken at
the grand Austro-German conference
at German headquarters on the Ger
man Emperor's birthday, though the
Associated Press heard the statement
that submarines departing several days
arller for stations on the submarine
hunting grounds were provided with
contingent orders for this eventuality.
Censorship, however, shut down tightly
cn any definite statements or predic
tions of the approaching crisis.
Ambassador Gerard was also aware
of the current gossip, and probably
was able to advise the State Depart
ment of the possible turn in events.
even while the echoes of his banquet
speech were still resounding. But he
received no intimation from official
sources. Foreign Office officials avoided
the subject in conversations with him.
and even at hts Interview with For
eign Minister Zimmermann, the day be
fore the Chancellor's official announce
ment in the Reichstag of a ruthless
submarine campaign, Herr Zlmmer
mann gave him no definite statement
on the morrow s proceedings.
Maps Already Prepared.
The decisions had been finally reached
and the text of the note and the mem
orandums were ready, and even maps
of the prohibited zone had been pre
pared for the use of the German news
papers.
The Ambassador and the American
Government therefore, were faced with
the announcement of a fact accom
plished when, on the afternoon of Jan-
' uary 31, Dr. von Bethmann-Hollweg,
the Imperial Chancellor, promulgated
in the Reichstag committee the news
that a relentless submarine campaign
would begin Immediately and read to
the committee the text of the mem
orandum on the prohibited zone and
the note to the United States docu
ments which reached the American
embassy only several hours later.
There was, therefore, no opportunity
or occasion, as in the days of the Sub
sex trouble, for any negotiations to
prevent the crisis or an attempt to
stave off the coming break between
the two countries.- There was no
chance this time for discussion with
the Chancellor or an Interview with
the Emperor, such as served to save
the day at the time of the Sussex note.
Nothing could be done except to re
Tort to Washington the developments
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Dr, EL M. Dallas, in personal charge of our optical
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Adjoining ladies' rest room, Second Floor. Phone Main 6417.
We grind our own lenses.
C Merchandise o('cJ Mrt Only
which appeared in the press of the
world before the embassy dispatches
had started from Berlin and await the
anticipated explosion.
This came in the shape of a rupture
of relations earlier than the Ameri
cans had expected, which astonished
and, perhaps, - even dismayed the Ger
man official world, prepared though it
was for energetic American action by
reason of the definite warnings in the
Sussex correspondence.
Had they been In possession of
direct and authoritative Information on
the true status of affairs in America,
officials declared repeatedly to The
Associated Press correspondent, in
stead of being forced to depend upon
alarmist press reports of extreme
measures taken by the Washington ad
ministration, the German government
would have been in a far different
position far less concerned about ne-'
cessity of protecting Its own interests
in a situation, which, as it turned out,
had been incorrectly reported.
American Clears Up Situation.
Much of the telegraphed press re
ports received, they declare, they had
not permitted the German press to re
publish, fearing the effect upon pub
lic opinion, and the cabled advice re
ceived by an American correspondent,
explaining and clearing up the situa
tion and shown by him to the foreign
office was conveyed to the German
newspaper offices with celerity, show
ing what importance the officials' at
tached to it.
The Americans in Berlin and, so far
as known, throughout Germany, have
during the days of tension following
the rupture of diplomatic relations
been treated without hostility and even
in most cases with marked courtesy.
American residents in Germany are.
as before, free to move about the
country and to follow their customary
pursuits, subjected to no hostile acts
or causes of concern beyond delay in
obtaining permission to 'depart from
Germany. The issuance in the ordinary
way of passports, through the local
police, has been suspended, however,
and no American passport is good for
passing the frontier unless specially
stamped by the military authorities.
PROBE YIELDS MUCH
Source May Not Be Known by
Guilty Believed Hit.
TESTIMONY IS CONFLICTING
Absolutely Removes
Indigestion. One package
k ?i rf i 11 j
proves it. zocat au druggists.
Delays Cause Apprehension.
Though the official viewpoint is that
permission to leave will be granted
in due course, the delays in issuing
the military authorizations have pro
duced feeling of apprehension among
those Americans who desire to leave
Germany now or in case of an actual
breaking out of hostilities.
The first act of the German authori
ties after receiving news of the rup
ture of relations and reports of the
confiscation of ships and internment
of civilians was to send orders to the
frontier not to recognize the regular
police vises upon American passports,
but to require a military vise and to
instruct the police to turn over all de
cisions to the military authorities.
Many Germans are expressing their
opinion of the action of the American
Government to their American ac
quaintances, or even to strangers, but
for the greater part the population
seems inclined rather to go out of its
way to treat the Americans in its
midst with more than normal consid
eration to assure -them that there is
no occasion for alarm or apprehension,
and even to offer any services they can
to assist their American friends and
acquaintances in arranging their af
fairs for departure.
We are no barbarians" Is the
phrase' often repeated.
million Tons a Month la Aim.
Just what results the German experts
expect from the campaign is uncertain
but in conversations in German naval
ircles the belief was expressed that if
it succeeded in raising the monthly
sunken tonnage to a million tons, in
addition to having a deterrent effect
on 3,000.000 tons of neutral .shipping
plying to British ports, the campaign
would effect its object and force Eng
land to consider peace.
This, it was said, would have to be
effected by not more than two-thirds
of the available submarines, .since, ow
ing to the nature of the work and of
submarines the boats must spend at
least a third of their time in port re
fitting and repairing, or on their way
to and from the cruising grounds.
Probably 10 or more of the big boats
stationed in the Mediterranean will
help the Austrian flotillas in closing
that sea. The results attained by the
remainder in the operations against
French and British traffic in the first
few days of the campaign were obvi
ously of a nature to satisfy the Nvy
men, who spoke with evident eatiafac
tion of the big tonnage figures re.
ported from day to day,
Chancellory Regrets Break.
Navy men have been urging and
preaching the unleashing of the sub
marines for so long, even at the risk
of war, that their attitude was a fore
gone conclusion. The Imperial chan
cellor, Herr von Bethmann-Hollweg,
the secretary of foreign affairs, Dr,
Zimmermann, and the leaders of the
so-called Chancellory face the prospect
of an outbreak of hostilities with the
United States with keen regret. They
would have been glad to continue the
policy of good relations, even at a con
slderable cost to themselves, but yield
ed to the necessity of taking a step
declared by experts as a short-cut to
ending the war, to which, otherwise,
no end was in sight.
How much confidence they express
or is inwardly felt cannot, of course,
be told, but Secretary Zimmermann de
clared to the Associated Press the day
before the news of. President Wilson's
rupture of relations came, with every
outward evidence of conviction that if
the United States would abstain from
Interference and give Germany a free
hand, a few months would see the end
of the conflict. Two or three months
was his first phrase, which he after
wards extended to ' "perhaps six.
months."
Cherished Illusions Shattered.
Notwithstanding the plain terms of
President Wilson's earlier communica
tions, the officials evidently hoped
against hope that the inauguration of
an unrestricted submarine campaign
might, perhaps, after all. not bring
about a breach with the United States,
for in the days between Von Beth-
mann-Hollweg's announcement and the
news of President Wilson's step in
breaking off relations they were await
ing word from America with interest
(Concluded on Pag. a, Column S,i
Information of Peace Note Traced
to Firm or Which President's
Brother-ln-Liaw. Is Member.
Republicans Push Probe.
OREGONIAN NEWS BUREAU. Wash
ington, Feb. 11. The leak investiga
tion committea of the House of Repre
sentatives may never succeed in deter
mining positively the official from
which emanated the "leak" on Presi
dent Wilson's peace note of December
20, but it has accomplished much more
than was expected when it started out.
It has established the fact that there
was a leak, and it has traced that leak
to the brokerage office of F. A. Con
nolly & Co., of Washington, the firm
of which R. W. Boiling, brother-in-law
of President Wilson, is a member.
About the time the leak Drobe had
developed this much, a series of con
tradictory evidence was given by per
sons Intimately connected in one way
or another with the leak.
The committee confronts a situation
where it knows it Is getting false tes
timony.
That so much has been accomDlished
is in no way due to the efforts of the
Democratic majority members of the
leak investigation committee. It has
been accomplished in Bpite of them.
ana ine success that has thus far at
tended the probe is due altogether to
the diligence and dogged persistence of
the Republican members of the com
mittee and to the faithful work of
Special Attorney Whipple, employed by
the committee at a fee of $25,000.
Investigation Not Wanted.
When the leak charges were made
on the floor of the House. Democrats.
led by Representative Henry, of Texas.
cnairman of the rules committee, un
dertook unmercifully to abuse Repre
sentative Wood, of Indiana, the man
responsible for the investigation. He
was berated for having based his
charges on mere rumor.
When Republicans came to the sup
port of Mr. Wood and demanded an
nvestlgation. Representative Henrv
attempted to head off an investiga
tion. Other Democratic members of
the rules committee supported him.
and openly went into the House seek
ing to have the Wood resolution
snuffed out.
That the rules committee, or the
Democratic majority of that commit-
was not permitted to clamp down
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tee.
me im was again aue to the per
sistence of Republican members. One
Democratic member of the rules com
mittee stood with the Republicans and
torcea the Investigation.
Interraever First Wanted.
The rules committee
around for a time, and Anally decided
It was necessary to call In a special at
torney. Here Chairman Henry saw his
opportunity to avail himself of the
services of that staunch friend of the
Administration. Samuel Untermeyer,
but the proposal of Untermeyer's name
caused such a storm of protest that he
was not employed, and Mr. Whipple, of
Boston, was eventually engraved.
Most or the persons named bv Thom
W. Lawson In his early testimony, have
not Deen connected with the leak.
wniie parties apparently unknown to
lawson -have been drawn in throue-h
the efforts of the Republicans on the
committee and Mr. Whipple.
it may develop that Mr. Lawson knew
more than be has been credited with.
JUawson knew that Barnev Baruch
made & killing In the stock market at
the time of the leak. He has been
known to be on Intimate terms with
big men in the Administration, and aJso
to have been the second larcrest con
tributor to the Wilson campaign fund
of 1916. Baruch, to date, has not been
coupled with the leak.
Clew Found In Chicago.
It was not until the leak commit
tee got into the records of Hutton &
Co.. of New York, that It found a "hot
trail. rue committee found that Hut
ton & Co. had the habit of destroying
confidential telegrams. When the com
mittee, through Clement, Curtis & Co.,
ii v,au;ita;o, got noia or copies of Hut
ton telegrams, it traced the leak back
to uonnowy & Co., of Washington, and
mere, ana in the press-room of the
vvnue uouse, the trail seems to vanish
Jrom members of the Hutton firm
in xsew lorK and from members of the
uonnony nrm in Washington the com
mittee got the first apparent contra
dictory testimony. It was the appar
ent enori 01 iae xxution 1 1 r m to con
ceal something that first aroused sus
picion, and that suspicion was shown
to De justified when the files of Clem
ent, Curtis & Co. were produced. Also
while In New York, the committee
found the most important member (for
its purposes) of the Hutton firm was
111 in the South. A few days later
that sick man, George A. Ellis, ap
peared before the committee in Wash
lngton, and proved to be healthy. His
recovery was remarkable all but hi
memory.
Conflict Inn; Testimony Follow.
Then came the contradictory state
ments of F. A. Connolly. First, hi
firm bad sent no messages on the peace
letter; then he himself had sent them
then along came a newspaper man
and took the full responsibility for
having sent the message which Con
nolly had testified he had sent, but
which the newspaper man testified had
not even been seen by Connolly.
Just who and Just what F. A. Con
nolly & Co., and Hutton & Co. and othe
witnesses are seeking to protect is th
big question yet to be solved.
The whole tenor of the late testi
mony is such as to show conclusively
that someone high up is being shielded.
As the case stands, the leak is es
tablished; it is traced back to Wash-
ngton and into the office where R. W.
Boiling, Mrs. Wilson'B brother, is a
member of the firm. Furthermore, it
of record that Mr. Boiling entered
that brokerage firm only last October,
he never having been In the business
before, having been taken in with the
understanding he would "learn the
business" later.
JAMES W. GERARD, the rormer
American Ambassador to Germany,
accompanied by his staff and more
than 100 American citizens, left Ber
lin Saturday evening and now is on
Swiss territory.
Public showrooms at Chicago. New York. Boston. Providence. Worcester. Philadelphia. Wilkesbarre. Baltimore. Washington, Buffalo, Syracuse. Rochester. Pittsburgh, Cleveland.
Detroit. Grand Rapids, Indianapolis, Cincinnati, Atlanta, Birmingham. New Orleans, Milwaukee. Minneapolis. St. Paul, St. Louis, h ansa City.
De Moines, Omaha, Denver. San Francisco, Lioa Angeles. Seattle. Spokane. Portland. Toronto. Brantiord (Oot.)
MANILA POLITICS HIT
BLTlltMM EX-XAVY MAX SAYS
AMERICANS ARB LEAVING.
bigoted natives spoiled by a smattering
of the 'three Rs" and an all-important
sense of their official duties. Business
in Manila is at a standstill."
Progress of the War.
The British continue their opera
tions against the Germans, witn
Bapaume their objective. Saturday
night a strong system or trencnes to
the north of Beaumont-Hamel, in the
AncrA recrlon. extending over a front
Petty Politicians Control Affairs. Bus-
In'u Stops and Conditions Are
Unbearable. Is Ilcport.
HOOD RIVER, Or.. Feb. 11. (Spe
cial.) "As fast as they are able," says
Charles Filz, formerly a member of the
United States Navai Service at Manila,
who has Just arrived here for a visit
with his brother, W. J. Filz. "Ameri
cans In the Philippine Inlands are re
turning to their homes. Up to the time
I left Manila, November 15. all out
bound boats and transports were filled
with Americans, who had their fill of
Island politics."
Mr. Filz says that the Filipino, as
soon as he gets sufficient education and
learns how to read and write, feels
CONTEMPT JS ANSWERED
Councilman Says Attorneys Advise
Attendance After Ouster.
OREGON CITY. Or.. Feb. 11. (Spe
cial.) After being cited to appear be
fore Circuit Judge Campbell on Feoru-
ary 13 and show cause why he should
not be held for contempt because he at-
Ancre region, extending over a ironi t " " " ; :
of more than three-quarters of a mile. himself qualified for a political post
was captured and 215 Germans made
prisoners. South of the river, near
Pm. nther treiches were taken, and
German attempts to recapture tneir
lost positions south of saiiiy-baimsei
were frustrated oy tne jsritisn guns.
Elsewhere along the line trench raids.
bombardments and aerial activity have
featured the fighting.
There has been considerable fighting
In the Austro-Italian zone ana in
Mesopotamia between the British and
Turks. In the Gorlbla sector of the
former theater the Austrians are re
ported to have entered Italian trenches.
inflicted heavy casualties on me ue
fenders and captured 665 men. In ad
dition, machine guns, bomb throwers
and much war material were taken.
Rome admits the occupation of small
portions of the Italian front-line
trenches In this region, out says mey
are being kept under barrage fire by
the Italians.
In Mesopotamia the British in their
operations against the Turks have oc
cupied a. new front of more than 6000
yards, pushing back tne -runts ror a
depth varying from 800 to 1000 yards.
In the eastern theater the Germans
captured Russian trenches near S tan-
Is lau. in Galicla, but later were rorced
to evacuate them, according to Jr"etro
grad. .
Unofficial advices are to the effect
that Emperor William has called an
Important conference at headquarters.
which will be attended by Dr. von
Bethmann-Hollweg, the Imperial Chan
cellor, and high army and navy offi
cers. The possibility of modifying Ger.
manys submarine warfare, so far as it
applies to neutrals, will, it is said, be
discussed.
tion. The petty political elements of
the Islands, he declares, have gained
control of affairs, and since America
has been too easy with the Islands this
class is making conditions unbearable.
Even the police force of Manila
now, says Mr. h i!z. Is maae np or the
Sunday's report of Germany's under
water boat campaign showed two ves
sels, the British steamer Salaga, 3811
tons, and the Greek steamer Vaslllssa
Olga. 1400 tons, had been sent to the
bottom.
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Please mention the name of this paper,
Sail t rl vsrl laamant,) '
tended a Council meeting Wednesday
night after he had been ousted by the
court, I. C. Bridges. Councilman, Sat
urday tiled an attidavit in defense.
Mr. Bridges says he agreed with his
attorneys that he should not vote, al
though he should attend to see that the
people of his ward were protected.
The court held Mr. Bridges not a
legal resident of the city. The case is
on appeal.
A form of detectaphone small enough
to be worn under a man's shirt front
and record conversations on a cylinder
attached to his belt has been patented
by a resident of Washington, D. C.
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