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About Morning Oregonian. (Portland, Or.) 1861-1937 | View Entire Issue (Jan. 30, 1917)
10 TITE 3IORXIXG OREGOXIAX, TUESDAY, JANUARY SO, 1917. 4 A PORTLAND, OREGON. , Entered mt Portland (Oregon) Postofflca as second-class ma.ll matter. , Subscription rates Invariably In advance: (By Mall.) Dally, Sunday Included, one year $8.00 Daily. Sunday Included, six months 4.25 Dally. Sunday included, three months .. 2.25 Dally. Sunday Included, one month ..... .75 Dally, without Sunday, one year ........ 6.00 Daily, without Sunday, three months ... 1.75 Daily, without Sunday, one month ..... .60 Weekly, one year 1.50 Eunday, one year ..................... 2.50 Bunday and Weekly 8.50 By Carrier.) Daily, Sunday included, one year 9.00 Dally, Sunday Included, one month. 75 How to Remit Send postofflce money order, express order or personal check on your local bank. Stamps, coin or currency are at sender's risk. Give postofflce ad dress in full, including county and state. Postage Kates 12 to IS pages, 1 cent; 18 to 82 pases. 2 cents; 34 to 48 paces, 8 cents; 60 to 60 pases, 4 cents; 62 to 7 pages. 6 -cents; 78 to 82 pases, 6 cents, foreign postage double rates. Eastern Business Office Veree & Conk lln, Brunswick building. New York; Verree A Conklin, Steger building, Chicago; San Francisco representative. K. J. Bldwell. 742 Market street. fOBTLAKD, TUESDAY JAN. 80, 1917. THE PHYSICAL. SIDE. Neurologists see in military training tn the schools a means toward de velopment not only of the muscles but the brains of the children who will participate in its benefits. This ques tion is quite apart from the problem of National defense, and is considered by a writer in the New York State Journal of Medicine solely with ref erence to its bearing: upon youthful mentality. The writer, Dr. E. B. Angell. after discussing; numerous cases that have come under his ob servation, reaches the conclusion that the neurologist cannot emphasize too much the value of training of this nature in its bearing: upon general brain development. He cites as typ ical a case in which a child of ten der years, following: recovery from an Infectious disorder, suffered from paralysis of the right arm. The arm developed only slightly, so that by the time of maturity the arm was characterized as "withered." An au topsy following death at the age of S2 showed that the right motor con volutions of the brain, corresponding to the left arm, were out of all pro portion, not only to the convolutions of the left side but also to the other convolutions of the right hemisphere of the brain. From this he confirms his belief that muscular activity, prop erly directed, has much to do with development of the brain. This physician goes on to say that from the point of view of the medical profession, military drill, or an effi cient substitute for it. Is of the high est importance, for it stimulates the erowth of the brain, as already shown. while the habit of instant obedience does much to establish healthy men tal activity and normal self-control. "And self-control," he adds, "cannot be too thoroughly established for the growing child, lest an unstable nervous equilibrium later on give rise to the vagaries of a neurasthenic or hyster ical patient." He bids us observe the unconscious attitude of the nervous child, the vacant or fixed expression of the face, in contrast to the normal, which is intelligent, mobile in ex pression and responsive to every Im pression. Overacting frontal muscles point to untrained mental action or an unemployed mind. Corrugation of the brows expresses mental stress aid turgescent brain activity, a brain sign that Is encountered, by the way, more frequently In boys than In girls. Signs of bratn weariness are apparent to the scientific observer. It is not the fault of the child but of the method that neglects his development. It is also a peculiar fact, apparently substantiated, that responsiveness to stimuli is more easily secured through the visual than through the auditory channel, there being a readier response to signs than to commands. This Indicates the necessity for strength ening the weak point. Dr. Angell says that the evidence will be plain to any one who will watch a group of boys lined up for drill. A few will respond quickly, almost automatically, to the command "Attention!" from the scout master, while others will glance about to see what the others are doing. Elowness of response to auditory di rection is especially characteristic of the tired and nervous child. It is here, the physician believes, that mili tary drill would be of greatest value In "developing ready control and quick response In the mind." Weak ened power of inhibition may be a eerious factor in determining the fu ture of the child it may have a great deal to do with his responsiveness to peneral education and his ability to comprehend the basic principles of a Chosen vocation. We need no espe cially well-developed Imagination to picture to ourselves the difference be tween a contented, ambitious man of mature years and the ill-satisfied, in efficient neurasthenic, blaming society because he cannot keep up with the procession, the difference being large ly a difference in the treatment and development of the brain in the crit ical years. There is another phase of military training that also merits thought, and that is its bearing upon the "fear in stinct," which undoubtedly is one of the primal instincts of existence and often, as Dr. Angell says, is the most difficult to eliminate. Over-shyness end self-consciousness are physical manifestations of the fear thought. This is a misfortune, although it is not to be confounded with moral cowardice, and it retards child devel opment. From the point of view of the physician, it would be more im portant to do everything possible to bring about development of a well balanced and responsive brain than to give an early knowledge of books, or facts, always trivial by comparison with the larger essential mental ca pacity. It is asserted with confidence by a frroup of scientists who have made a study of the nervous construction of the young that this connection be tween the development of motor re sponse and .mental capacity in other ways must not be disregarded if we are to rear a generation fitted in the best sense to cope with the problems before It. The Boy Scout movement, as well as strictly military exercises, has given ample proof of the assertion that a group of nervous, restless boys can almost be "made over" by proper drill. The alert, attentive young stu dent produced by the drill In question carries with him conviction as to the merit of the system. It is not the physical training alone, but the mili tary quality of it. Many of ' the mentally deficient are muscularly "strong," but their mental discipline Is defective. It is not lifting or run ning or high jumping that is the de termining test, but the quality of brain that bears not only upon the (exercise of the moment but upon the whole future of the youth in his vo cations and avocations and in his con duct as a citizen in years to come. TAKHOMA OR TACOMA. No mountain is great enough to have two names. Yet that is the peculiarity of Mount Rainier, which a lot of people Insist ought to be known as Tacoma. Because the townspeople of Tacoma and .. their sympathizers' for many . years have persisted in the effort to have their name readopted (the original Indian name was Tacoma, or something very like it) the belief in Seattle that the only real caption for the mountain is Rainier has reached the lofty dimen sions of a civic creed. Or that has been the supposition. For even now we find the Seattle Post-Intelligencer, in a spirit of re markable graciousness, telling the Se attle people that it's no great matter what the name of the mountain is and to let Tacoma have its way. Evidently Tacoma will not be happy till it gets it. It may not greatly con cern Seattle how or by whom a name is given to a gigantic monolith, but they feel, and always have felt, dif ferently in the City of Destiny. The Washington Legislature has under consideration a joint resolution asking the National Geographic Board to reopen the subject and to give the mountain one of the several "forms of its original Indian name Takbo ma, or whatever it was. Evidently there is no purpose on the part of Tacoma to have its exact title re adopted for the mountain. What community in the Northwest with an Indian name which has fa miliarized the world with its beauties and attractions Spokane or Seattle or Yakima has any misgivings about its titular origin? Not one. Such names are distinctive" and (frequent ly) mellifluous. Once adopted, they stick forever. CONSIDER THE GARDEN. There are Indications that the num ber of home vegetable gardens In the United States in jthe next growing sea son will be the largest in the history of the United States. This will be the direct result, of course, of the mounting cost of living, which has served to call attention to the impor tance of many little things in the scheme of domestic econeTny. It is true that a tomato is not so lovely as a geranium, but it cer tainly fills no more space and requires no more attention, first and last, while tomatoes are much more filling than geraniums. A few vines, planted in season and well tended, will produce all the tomatoes a family will need, and the fruits that do not ripen be fore frost comes can be put to good use by the housewife, so there is prac tically no waste. It will soon be time to order seeds and to begin planting the home gar den, and for those who intend to grow their own plants from seed indoors there is not a great deal of time to spare. GREED FOB PORK IS NON-PARTISAN. The great apologist of the public building pork barrel is Representative Clark, of Florida. When it was at tacked by Representative Good, of Iowa, as sectional, in that it provides buildings for Southern villages, which are not entitled to buildings under the rule which Mr. Clark himself had laid down that no buildings be erected in towns where the postal re ceipts are less than $10,000. a year Mr. Clark replied that the' bill gave $25,000,000 to the North and only $6,000,000 to the South. This would seem like rank discrimination against the South. He omitted to say that the South has been so well cared for in the past that buildings have already been voted for almost every town which has business above the limit, or that the committee, in order to find an excuse for distributing more pork in the South, had to go below that limit. Nor, in comparing the sums voted for North and South respectively, did he compare population, wealth or rev enue contributed to the Government. Had he done so, the charge of sec tionalism would have been clearly proved. Mr. Clark also said In defense of this waste of public money at a time when bonds-and additional taxes are necessary to prevent a deficit: Every Republican upon the committee, except w Joined in making; this report. Every Democrat, except two. Joined in the making of this report. There was absolutely nothing partisan or sectional in It. , Of course there was nothing par tisan In it; there never is. The pork barrel is the most non-partisan thing in Congress. A deal is made between parties for division of the spoils. One condition of the deal is that the ma jority party shall get the lion's share. As the Democrats are in the majority and as the South controls the Demo crats, the South gets the lion's share, when its population, volume of busi ness and contribution t revenue are considered. If the Republicans were in the majority, the practice would be reversed. Appetite for pork is strictly non-partisan. NOT SO HIGH AFTER ALL. After we have been racking our brains for years to discover the cause and the cure for the high cost of liv ing, here comes a Harvard professor who tells us that it is largely a fake. After deducting from modern retail prices the cost of telephones and de livery, which our forefathers did not pay, he tells us that the increase since the period from 1785 to 1800 has been only about 25 per cent, and that this increase Is explained almost wholly by the increased cost of trans portation. When we compare the customs pre vailing In the last fifteen years of the eighteenth century with those now prevailing, the professor Edward Channing does not seem so far astray. In the earlier period New York City was huddled on the lower end of Manhattan Island, while the upper end of the Island and the en tire surrounding country were given over mainly to farming in ail its branches. Where now stand great business blocks, hotels, apartments, theaters and residences there were then dairies, market gardens and farms, from which produce was taken to the city at slight cost. Cattle, sheep and hogs in neighboring coun ties supplied meat, " while fish cam's from the rivers and Long Island Sound or the adjacent coast. Every thing was close at hand, there were no long .hauls to pay for, and the housewife or her servants went to the stores, bought goods and carried them. In 1917 New York's bread Is made of Minneapolis flour ground from Da kota wheat. Eggs and butter may come from Canada or Ohio and milk is hauled hundreds of miles. Cattle and sheep are taken from Texas or Montana by rail to Chicago or Omaha, slaughtered there and then hauled to New York. Fish comes from every land salmon from tha Pacific Coast, not to speak of other fish for which the Eastern market grows; sardines from France and Norway, bass and whitefish from the Great Lakes- and, all are carried fresh in refrigerator cars. Fruit comes from California, Oregon, Florida, the Caribbean coun tries, even Europe. Vegetables come in and out of season from as great distances. After being carried long distances overland or over sea by rail or by ship, all these articles are car ried to the customer's door by the Storekeeper when he receives an or der by telephone, for marketing in the old style has gone out of fashion. Transportation is evidently a large, new factor in the cost of feeding a city. Cities have grown faster than our means of transportation have im proved, particularly as regards ter minal facilities, whereby goods are shifted from one railroad to another nd from car to wagon. Much per ishable -stuff is thus wasted, and the seller makes good his loss by dividing it among his customers in higher prices. Many things have become necessaries which our eighteenth century forefathers simply went with out because they were out of his reach such as oranges from Califorr nia and Florida, apples from Oregon, bananas from Central America, pine apples from Hawaii. The luxury of telephones and free delivery accounts for all except an increase of 25 per cent in the cost of living, and transportation may ac count for that 25 per cent. As trans portation has brought within our reach andV has made part of our daily food many things which our grand fathers had not, it is largely respon sible for the cost of high living.' which Mr. Hill said was the correct name fbr what we call the high cost of liv ing. It has done more. By practical ly pooling the world's supply of sta ples, it has forced us to share our abundance with other nations, and to pay higher prices due to their shortage. Something may be done to reduce the cost of living by improving and cheapening transportation, especially In the congested city terminals, for delay adds to cost. Something more can be done by improving the ma chinery of distribution. But we must pay for the privilege of herding to gether in great cities, which must requisition their supplies from dis tances of a thousand or more miles. We must also pay for the enjoyment of Inxuries which former generations knew not,1 We' cannot have cake for the price of bread. GROWTH OF AMERICAN CITIES. One of the most Interesting points In the development of the United States has been both the rise and the changing rank of the great cities. By following the growt'a of the older cities, the rise of new ones and the raee for supremacy between the old and the new, we can trace the effect of each stage of development and of each economic change which has marked our progress. In 1850 the effect of railroads had only begun to be felt, and commerce was still confined to the Atlantic Coast and the Gulf or the great rivers of the Mississippi basin. Hence all of the five leading cities were on the Atlantic Coast, namely. New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore, Brooklyn and Boston, ranking In the order named. New Orleans, both an ocean and a river port, stood sixth, and Cincinnati was seventh. It was the only large city which owed Its existence to river traffic alone and had been the me tropolis of the West since the first extensive settlement west of the Alle gheny Mountains. At that time the population was chiefly rural and the cities which ranked as great were those having more than 200,000 people. In 1860 the seven chief cities were the same as in 1850, Brooklyn having supplanted Baltimore in third place, but the effects of Western settlement appeared In the rise of St. Louis and Chicago to places among those having over 100,000. St. Louis began to set up claims to the position held by Cin cinnati as the great river port, and Chicago grew rapidly as the West was settled and as lake navigation devel oped. ' In the 'next ten years these In fluences lifted St. Louis to fourth and Chicago to fifth place among cities of 200,000, New . York, Philadelphia and Brooklyn still leading, while Bal timore still outranked Boston and Cincinnati came In at the end. The West was now definitely In the running end the railroad had dis placed the rivers as the means of urban growth. By 1880 the standard of measure ment was raised to 250,000, foreign commerce had experienced much ex pansion on the Atlantic and settle ment of the West had made great strides with railroad construction and lake navigation. Chicago rose to fourth place, outranking both Boston and St. Louis, and Boston again went ahead of St. Louis, the two latter cities beginning a race for fifth place. which continues to this day. The next decade was the period of the Northwest's most rapid progress. Chicago rose to the second place. which it has held ever since. St. Louis stepped above Boston. The standard of measurement was raised in 1890 to 300,000, and decay of river transportation and Increase of manu factures were tndicated by Pittsburg's displacement of Cincinnati. By 1900 cities had become so big and so nu merous that only those above 600,000 were placed In the first rank. These were, in the order named. New York, Chicago. Philadelphia, St. Louis, Bos ton. Baltimore, but manufactures and lake commerce had produced a sec ond class of over 300000. in which Pittsburg, Cleveland and Buffalo stood ahead of Cincinnati, which had now definitely lost Its place in the first class. Brooklyn dropped out. having been consolidated with New York. . The census of 1910 showed no change In the order of the first five cities, but Cleveland and Pittsburg en tered the 500,000 class, the former city stepping ahead of both Baltimore and Pittsburg, combining steel manu facture with lake shipping as its lead ing sources of growth. Census esti mates for 1915 showed New York, Chicago and Philadelphia as the three cities of more than 1,000,000 people each, St- Louis just leading Boston for fourth place, -Cleveland, Baltimore and Pittsburg as before and Detroit added to the 500,000 list as the result of Its new prosperity derived from the automobile industry. . Cities of the second class, between 400,000 and 600,000 population, have now become so important that they can no longer be overlooked. 'These are Los Angeles, . Buffalo, San Fran cisco, Milwaukee and Cincinnati. The two California cities have entered the race for supremacy through product iveness of their back country In miner als, agriculture and fruit, through expanding-manufactures and through commerce with the Orient and Latin America, while Buffalo and Mllwau- kee have grown through manufac tures and lake commerce, the former with the aid of Niagara water power. Cincinnati takes its place at the foot of the list. Estimates for 1916 show no change in the order of the leaders, 'but they raise Newark, N. J., to the second class with more than 400,000 and they reveal some ambitious new contest ants for position in a third class of 300,000 people w;lth New Orleans, which had long ago fallen from Its place in the. first class. Behind it in order come "Washington, Minne apolis, Seattle and Jersey City. - Comparing cities of the first rank in 1850 and 1916. we find that New York, Philadelphia, Boston and Balti more have held- their place, but have been Joined by Chicago, St. Louis, Cleveland, Pittsburg and Detroit, all between the Allegheny Mountains and the Mississippi River; that some of these Western cities have passed .sev eral of the Atlantic Coast cities in the race, .though the basis has been raised from 200,000 to 500,000 popu lation. Cincinnati has been pushed down from the first class to the foot of the second class and New Orleans to the head of the third class. Most significant is the growth of cities on the Pacific Coast to positions in the second and third classes. In 1850 San Francisco was but a lusty Infant, whfle Los Angeles and Seattle were not yet born, but they give promise of entering the first class before the next decade ends. Every man who has a kitchen gar den has a medicine chest In his back yard, although he probably has not seriously looked upon it as such. In the onion, for example, he has a sul phur oil which gives the onion its reputation as a remedy for Insomnia and which some physicians hold Is aj va.iua.uie anoayne ior rneumatic pains. There are certain oils In tur nips and parsnips that have aperient and diuretic properties. There is so- lanln In the potato, and spinach con tains iron. Cabbage is highly re garded as a preventive and corrective of scurvy and scrofula. The com position of the tomato is chemically so subtle that It Is not yet fully un derstood, although several active principles have been Isolated and names have been given to them. Thus the man who eats freely of vegetables Is taking medicine without paying for a prescription and without being both ered by the high cost of drugs. In the normal individual the instinctive appetite automatically regulates the size of the "dose." A significant point In the allies' lat est ultimatum to Greece, to which King Constantine has agreed, is the demand for the right to land troops at Itea on the Gulf of Corinth and to trans port them to the front by the Larlssa railroad. By using this route, the allies would greatly shorten the sea voyage from French Mediterranean ports and would avoid the long detour around the Peloponnese, where trans ports are exposed to danger of attack by submarines. The spectacle of many allied troop trains passing through Northern Greece would also have a decided moral effect on the Greeks and would put the allies in a position to foil any hostile move of the King. Their demand is an earnest of their Intention to fight a vigorous cam paign in the Balkans. A Jackson County man Is In jail for thirty days because he shot a deer to feed his starving family. Men have been paroled for worse offenses, and this kind of punishment is bound to give the offender an unwholesome re spect for the law. General Theodore, ex-President of Haiti, probably owes to American In tervention the fact that he was able to die in peace in his own country. But for the American marines he would either have died in exile or in battle at home. Mistakes of an Administration dif fer from those of a doctor, which a humorist says are all put under ground. The former stand In bright light, but nobody has a right to criticise. Seizure of a wine plant and cap ture of fifty-eight barrels of the bev erage by the Sheriff of Washington County give an idea of what Oregon is coming to In the distant "dry" days. The war has certainly brought about new discoveries in bread-making combinations. If American in genuity were driven to it, it might find nutriment in sagebrush.' How dare the hated grlngoes un dertake to compel Mexican women to bathe? They should be thankful that the Invincible Villa let them escape alive from Mexico. The idea of compelling the com mon run " of greaser" to bathe is absurd and somebody erred. Water is for cattle and "gningoes" down there. A Johns Hopkins man proves that disease germs do not travel In books. Nevertheless, some borrowed ones are kept long enough to accumulate any thing. When former Portland men meet somewhere in France," the first thought must be of how good Bull Run water tastes. Why not let "Lucky Jack Peter son try to save the Milwaukee? He floated the Elder after others had given up the job. Although they arrived in the midst of a blizzard, the Grangevllle Guards men will still - agree that there's no place like home. Another logging road is to be built in Columbia County. This sort of line is the acorn that develops Into something big. Despite the black shadow cast by the "dry law, somebody Is contract ing this year's hops at 11 cents and better. If girls are to- carry swagger sticks. how long will It be before they smoke pipes on the streets? It is an open secret the United Kingdom will soon go on rations. "Godjsave Ireland!" Why not amend the "blue law" bila to provide for closing Doc Tufts and pass it? - Let us keep " It as It Is and avoid the glaze. Johnny will come jumping home this time. HI Gill's attitude la half the battle. Gleams Through the Mist Br Dess Collins. A TALE OF TWO CITIES. . PROLOGUE. I am the Prologue, ladies and gents. Who tells the why of this little lay; rm an alibi and a self-defense Which potea must use almost any day. I sing the woe of the Demon Rum, For the skids are greased and he's on his way. With the souse and the stew' and the aad-cyed bum And that is the why of my little lay. J There's dry, there's dry In the public eye And the Demon dwindle unwept away. By many a method they make him die And that Is the theme of my little lay. I am the Prologue, ladies and gents. To the little lay we're about to hum, A Prologue am 1. but there's no pre tense I'm the Epilogue for the Demon Rum. THK PSALM OF PHOENIX. In Phoenix "neath the pepper trees. And palms, and spreading castor beans, I walked in solitude and ease. Enjoying all the tropic scenes; And far across the Statehouse lawn. Like two fair suna that rise at dawn. I saw? I saw, contemporaneous. Two governors quite simultaneous; I saw them when I looked once more Two govs, where one had been before. Chorus: And yet I'd swear before a cop I truly hadn't had a drop. For how shall a fellow Get pie-eyed and mellow. And do fancy steps with his poor tangled feet. When the sap of the bottle That once washed his throttle. They're using for flushing and slush ing the street? Oh, water la scant there. And waste It you can't there. So one .would Infer when he reads the glad news. That no more they potter With trickles of water But sluice down the streets with t wagon of booze, A prince in his glory Or so runs the story John Barleycorn reigned In the Phoe nix of old; But harsh legislation Has brought degradation; He a out In what, there, correspond to the cold. Alas for the mighty! Though he may sit tight, he Must tumble at last unto ruin com plete. His glory ts (rone. And his crown Is In pawn- Ami King Barleycorn la a-cleanlng the street! CIIORIO SONQ. (Addressed by the 6000 gallons of spirits to Doc Hughes, as he was driv ing the waterwagon over them.) Less than the dust, beneath thy chariot wheels: Less than the bust, the bust we never gave; Less than the rust we sluice from off the pave: Even less than these. Less than a drink, O Doo, much less. inaeea; Less than the clink of aqua pura'i . flow; Less than we think perhaps less than we know; Even less are we. Since we, O Doc, are pizen unto thee 'Tis not the shock it might have been. we think. Unto the rock-lined pavement for a drink To be spilled out this way Less than the dust, beneath thy wagon wheels; Less than the crust of bread we might nave been; 'Tis our last bust the Demon Is all In. Farewell, Phoenix, farewell. THE SOXG OF SEATTLE. No more men dodge The hands of Hodge As in the years a crone. When he would smash Their cellar cache Or dig it from their lawn. But round and round About the Sound. Resound the tales of ill; The breezes sigh. The woes of Hi. The woes of Hiram Gill. The drugstores deep Laugh in their sleep. Beneath their hatchet dents; "We wish you ill. Hi Gill. Hi Gili. And this Is no pretense!" Soft on the -air From anywhere. There goes the vengeful call Where spirits roost Who once were loosed From jugs of alcohol. "The bottles crashed. When we were smashed. And we were spirits lost! But now the slam Of Uncle Sam. Might make up for the cost. No more men dodge The hands of Hodge, As In the days agona, When he would smash A cellar cache. Or plow it from the lawn. But round and round About the Sound, Resound the sounds of 111; The breezes sigh The woes of Hi, The woes of Hiram GUI. CHORIC SONG. (From wandering spirits that have been smashed out of their wrappers Id the pact few months In Seattle.) The dry squad vexed ' and made us mad and madder. (We bite like a serpent and we sting like an adder.) We whet our little stinger up and wish a wish of ill To be the little mocker that shall sting High UUL Strong drink Is raging and there's rea son for its rages. In a dry. dry state; (See police record's pages.) You can't blame strnog drink for rag' Ing with a will In Seattle, where they try to put a still ness in the still. Barleycorn, Barleycorn, whither do you wander? Upstairs, downstairs they trait the liquid plunder. And now that Uncle SAm Is in the game, we'd like to see Who's who, and .how's HI, And what's what, and why's why. And whether they can make him as uncomfortable as we. . PRESIDENT'S PLAN IS PRAISED Discard Prsse4 for States.sa.ea VT Oppose Peace Msnsteat. PORTLAND, Jan. 29. (To the Edi tor.) Just a thought or two on the President's peace plan from one who was gTeatly disappointed over his re election but who thinks, however, it is the duty of every 'American who be- leves in the broad principles of repub- lcanism in contradistinction to other forms of frowrnment to stand loyally by the President as he commends those principles to the less-favored nations of the world. I therefore believe that the statesmen who shall array themselves against the President s peace plan in its essentials as set forth in his immortal address before the United States Senate will find themselves, like the political an tagonists of the humano and far-sighted Lincoln, relegated to merited obscurity the world's Irresistible progress toward the highest liberty and broad est equality compatible with the mental and moral constitutions of men. Should the Just and statesmanlike ideas of the President prevail, their great achievement will In time erect an enduring monument in every land com memorative of the man and his policy of peace on earth, good will toward men and toward all nations of men. Of course that splendid appeal to the noblest sentiment in mankind will go as a mighty shock, not to the peoples so much as to the governments of Eu rope, which have known little else than war and Implacable hatred" toward one another through all their centuries of bitter rivalry and struggles for ex istence or costly and precarious domi nance. And, too, some well-meaning thinkers in our country must "by the law of prime necessity" be thrown Into temporary opposition to the President's great scheme in order that its obstacles may the better be exposed and safe guarded against. Nevertheless, all hail his bold and masterful efforts in these troublous and menacing times to has ten In the presence of a many-sided danger, an enduring era of world peace, good will, liberty and equality. W. J. PEDDICORD. SI EATCt ITER HAS COMPLAINT L-onar Honrs and o Hope of Remedy la Assertion. HILLSBORO. Or.. Jan. 28. (To the Editor.) Speaking of the recent steel workers' strike, the waiters and I. W. W. labor troubles. It's getting to be a common thing about this time of year for a strlke'of some sort to be on. But if you ever noticed, the strikers gen erally win one point or another and In some cases win alL But there is one hard-working set of men who work longer hours than any line of work there is. and try as they will, for years, there seems to be no chance for shorter working hours for these white-coated knife-throwers. This line is the meat- cutters. When you hop out at 6 A- M. or not later than 6:30, you will find them on the job. and they are there until 6:20 P. M.. with the exception of Saturday nights. Instead of getting Saturday afternoon off or getting off an hour earlier, as is customary with most minufacturers. drill on till 9:30, and sone of them stay until 10 P. SI. Many people who have ample time to shop earlier, not only wait until the last minute, hut Keep the tired Dutcner dilly dallying over this fault and that, for 10 to 15 minutes and nine chances are that they buy a 10-cent soup bone In. the end. But what happens when they ask for 10 hours? No! Nothing doing. SYMPATHIZER. PLEA IS MADE LIVING Correspondent Says Generosity Means More Before Death. PORTLAND, Jan. 29. (To the Edi tor.) The villagers of Avon. 111., who gave tramp real funeral, as stated In The Oregonian, have Indeed estab lished a worthy precedent. The act was undoubtedly prompted by love and sentiment, and does great credit to the residents of that village; but does It not seem strange that this same tramp died of hunger and exposure In the very midst of these generous people? Surely he must have asked some of these kind people for bread and shel ter. Sentiment Is Indeed a beautiful thing. but why waste It upon the dead? A little substantial sentiment In the way or assistance in getting work for the living tramp, or a ham sandwich and place to sleep, would have meant much more to him than the beautiful casket, flowers and sentiment lavished upon him in death. ANIM SN'ETAG. Farm Loan O.aestlons. PORTLAND, Jan. 29. (To the Edi tor.) (1) Please explain the rural credit system. (2) Is it the same In all states? (3) How much can be borrowed on a farm? What proportion of the farm's value can be borrowed? (4) Could one buy a farm by paying part cash and then borrow from the Gov ernment to pay the required propor tion? A READIER. (1) The law cannot be briefly ex- planed. It Is necessary, first, for ten or more farmers to form a National farm loan association. Application blanks and Instructions may be had by writing to the Federal Farm Loan Board, Treasury Department. Wash-, ington, D. C After this association Is formed the next procedure Is with tbe nearest Federal land bank, which in this case Is at Spokane. (2) Yea (3) Up to 50 per cent of the value of the land and 20 per cent of the value of permanent .mprovments, but no farmer may borrow more than $10,000 nor less than $100. (4) Yes. The foregoing answers ref r to the Federal farm loan law. not to the Ore gon rural credit system, which Is in process of establishment. Surplns tn Postofflce Department. NEWBERG, Or.. Jan. 28. (To the Editor.) (1). Is It true that under Bur leson's administration the Postofflce Department has more than paid ex penses and that this is the first time in the history of the Government that it has done so? (2) . Are Canadian shingle 'and saw mill workers better paid than like workmen in the United States? (3) . Did Germany pay liberal Indem nity and apologise to the families of each of the victims of the Lusltanla disaster? H J. C (1) . Gross revenues exceeded gross expenditures In the Postofflce Depart ment In 1810. 1850. 1865, 1882, 1883. 1911. 1913 and 1914. These surpluses are more or less fictitious as some expenditures that In private business would be chargeable to the Postofflce Depart ment are met by the Treasury Depart ment. (2) . No. (3) . No. .Postofflce Statistics. PORTLAND. Jan. 29. (To the Editor-) Kindly give me statistics on the surplus, or deficit of our postofflce de partment for the previous administra tion. C. MATHES. Administrations Include two flscai years tn part and three full fiscal years. The revenues and expenditures of the Postofflce Department while Taft was President, follow. During part of 1909 Roosevelt was President, and during part of 1913, Wilson was President: -Gross Tear RevmuM. Kxnenditures ISHiS 20S.82.K3 .Oi'-4. 1 02 l'Jlo. . . . 24.1'-'S.8.-8 -".1)77,1,L'4. 1911 ini2 Ml.... 237.87..S-,4 1MH.744.0HT 06,610,5-3 J.'17.f4S.HJ 450 2G-.v07,o41 In Other Day Twenty-five Tear Aaro. From Ths Oregoaian of January 30. 1892. New York. Jan. 29. The Herald's Washington special says President Harrison will send another ultimatum to Chile tomorrow. He will insist that Chile must salute the stars and stripes. A force of men was set at work yes terday grading and filling the new ball grounds of the Portland club on the Grover tract. The work will be com pleted In about three weeks, and then a grandstand will be erected. St. Louis. Jan. 29. Advices from the Mexican border confirm the report that Garza has crossed into Mexico with about 6000 well-armed and mounted Mexicans. Forest Grove. Jan. 29. Forest Grove will be lighted by electricity within the next 30 days. Boston. Jan. 29. "Butler's Book" was issued today. In the preface' the Gen eral gives as a reason for Its publica tion the desire to correct wrong done him by prejudiced misrepresentation of facts. Half a Century At. From The Oreffonlan of January 30. 166T. The street commissioner was yester day engaged in constructing a tem porary bridge across the ravine on Front street. The place has been Im passable for teams for some days, and this work will be appreciated by those who are doing business south of Jef ferson street. The river continued yesterday to rise rapidly, a part of the day at the rate of three or four inches per hour. Con siderable drift was running and every indication favored a further rise of considerable extent. As we predicted, the street at the ravine near tthe old penitentiary has gone in. or rather gone out. The flood did Its work thoroughly, breaking through and sweeping away the filling to nearly the original depth of the ravine. The steamer brought no malls from the south yesterday beyond Oregon City. The stage was delayed, probably by high water. WHIPPING OF "BABY" DENOUNCED Mr. Merrill Says BIr. Tomllnson Oackt Not to Be Explaining". PORTLAND, Jan. 29. (To the- Edi tor.) As to the whipping of "Baby" Stanley Tomllnson by that big duffer. Will Ormond: There Is no explanation due the public from J. C. Tomllnson. He should Just spend his spare time in protecting his own flesh and blood from being beaten black and blue instead of trying to whitewash somebody. The baby's aunt was "most religious and conscientious," but Mr. Tomllnson "cannot understand why she allowed this man to punish him," and "this man's inhurr an treatment" was repeat ed within tbe hearing and sight of hit aunt. "She has been to him a mother in every way." Would any real mother call in a roomer to beat her baby boy black and blue? The least Mr. Tomllnson says the better, or he might call attention to earlier days, when the real "religious" people offered their own children as sacrifices. Over in North Yakima a 20-year-old mother beat up her two-months-old babe a dajs or two ago, fracturing sev eral ribs and causing a spinal injury, and It la now In the hospital and ex pected to die. She hated the child be cause it cried and prevented her from going to shows and dances. The mother has shown signs of being an artist, and the "dear" authorities are supplying her with drawing pencils and art paper to cultivate her talents while she is held a prisoner. No doubt a bunch of mollycoddles will try to whitewash her. and perhaps try for a "hero" medal In the interests of the dances and the shows which need her attendance. Many mothers and fathers who love their children, and many men and women who love all children would like to "draw" a "whipping post" and a "vigilance committee" for all sane brutes who take it upon themselves to "beat up" defenseless children, babies, or even dumb brutes, just because they have them in their power. Exit over that way to the gates of hades, you "baby beaters." FRED T. MERRILL. PROPOSED , LAW IS INEFFECTIVE Petition by Most of Lcsal Voters Re quired to Recall School Director. ROSEBURG. Or.. Jan. 28. (To the Editor.) The bill for recall of School Directors has passed the Senate and is before the House, with a provision which may be a practical Joker. In some districts eliminating the bill from op eration. The b&Bis for putting the recall Into operation is 25 per cent of the number of children on the school enumeration. In the first-class school district here this would require 350 names to be Oil the recall petitions. I doubt If there are more than 450 legal voters of the school district here. The law of Oregon provides that the voter in a school district of first class must be a taxpayer in his own name, or owner of stock In a corporation, or a member of a partnership, or in an estute. The reports of the Attorney General and the court decisions consist ently maintain this law in my opinion. Now. where the taxpayers are fewt and the wage-earners many, a recall of a School Director may be a virtual Im possibility and the law a practical joke; for the proposed bill describes the voter as a "legal voter of a school district. A WARY READER. Russo-Japanese War. PORTLAND. Jan. 29. (To the Edi tor.) Please state (1) The date of the lease of Russia to China for the rail way through Manchuria. (2) The date of the Russo-Japanese War. (3) The date of the battles of Llao-Yang and (4) of Mukden. . GODDELU 1. The original Manchurlan Railway was constructed under an agreement made in 1896. between the Chinese gov- - n V. nncan.rhln.t. R.nV an Institution founded to develop Rus sia's Interests In the Far East. In 1898 Russia obtained a . lease of the Llao-Tung Peninsula and a clause of this contract enabled her" to connect Port Arthur and Talren (Dalny) with the main Manchurlan Railway. Rus sia lost control to Japan of the South ern Manchuria Railway (E08 miles) as a result of the Russo-Japanese War. 2. Japan declared war February 10'. 1904, after beginning of hostilities. The treaty of Portsmouth was signed Sep tember 5. 1905. and subscribed by the two emperors October 14. 3. August 24 to September 4. 1904. 4. February M to March 10, 1915. Getting Even. An eccentric man Is Mister torwe Lives In Detroit and owns a horse. Detroit News. Another one is Editor Ingalls, Lives In Corvallis and Jokes In Jrrtetfes. Albany Democrat.. Another's In the Legislature, Meek by name but not by nature. Yea. Z ILL A II. Wash.. Jan. 28. (To the Ed itor.) In a game of crtbbago A plays 8 spot: B plays 7 spot. 16-2: A plays 9 spot In run of 3; B plays 6 spot. that be a run of 4? WILLIAM KELLT.
