Morning Oregonian. (Portland, Or.) 1861-1937, January 01, 1917, New Year's Edition, Section 3, Page 5, Image 29

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    NATION BEING TAUGHT TO
How Production of Fruit and Making of By-Products Were Placed on Solid Basis Is
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PKACTICAXX.T four-fifths of th lo
ganberries raised in the world
come from the Willamette Valley,
and few persons realize, much less ap
preciate, what tremendous efforts It has
taken to get them on the market.
Neither do they realize that this indus
try means many thousands of dollars
to the state of Oregon, and that during
the harvesting and growing- season it
provides employment for about 10,000
persona.
The development of a market for
this fruit has gons through four dis
tinct stages.
Industry Is Reviewed.
When the berry first came on the
market the growers supplied the can
neries and demands for local consump
tion. They got such encouraging re
turns that everyone who had a town
lot or acreage began to plant logan
berries. In two years, the length of
time it takes for the vines to come into
rather prolific bearing, it was neces-
eary to seek other methods of market-
Bun ripening, and therefore does not
ship well for any great distance.
The third step was evaporation,
which takes care of the ripe berry.
Berries for canning and fresh fruit
shipment are required to be what is
termed among buyers "hard ripe." The
berry into which nature has put the
full sugar content is the one necessary
for evaporation the sun-ripened berry.
For three years this process occupied
the attention of the growers, who now
found themselves with a big over-pro
ductlon of fruit, amounting to three
times that of any previous yield. There
was no market, and therefore they had
very little money to carry on opera
tions for the coming year.
Credit Dae Salem Fruit Union.
This was true of the growers around
Salem, and doubtless all of the other
loganberry districts. Something had to
be done. The Salem Fruit Union came
to the rescue of growers and during
1914 pledgedtheir credit to the extent
of advancing them ten cents a pound
to cover picking and drying. This
plunged the union $43,000 into debt
with only prospects for the sale of a
few" fresh berries and about one and
one-half acres of dried fruit against
nine cars in pool.
This meant that the Salem Frnlt
Union would either break up in busi
ness, or take one more chance and
plunge still further before they could
reach the steady current which would
help them to shore. They strained
their credit to its utmost limit and
borrowed another 320,000 to cover the
cost of packing the supply on hand, an
advertising campaign on a small scale
and the expense of putting three sales
men on the road.
These men were sent to the terrl-
tories where conditions were the most
favorable. There was no time to be
lost ln pioneering in communities
where financial conditions were the
least doubtful.
' National Market Growlnar.
One of the salesmen succeeded ln
putting the evaporated product into
stock with the large mall order houses
of Chicago and yearly two carloads go
forward to them. These people have
. . ftot.Kn.v.,! ,i . , , . t
moat oon!rvriv IV TL
a inowa wwataf tfc ti
loganberries a page of advertising ln
.- -. ... w.w., ...v W.BVU
their catalogues, which have a world
wide distribution, and recently for a
period of two months devoted the in
side cover page to the merits of this
fruit. This year they placed larger
orders than ever before.
Because of the keen competition with
the Eastern raspberry and all home
grown products, the union did not look
tn canaaa as a iavoratuo llejd lor. their
lit " " '
a W xf
lnf,Atir,-?,';?d"v.C. , dere r. received. RectlV a London nHnJtT, '?"t0,n "".V",'.8- JSl J,TOiCt " !?:n,J!8 -ouea cartons. The is now known as the Northwest Food SroverTy-swect
""VP'is mcii was iuuuu nhvsician nlarAri n nrrier PTnl.ii,!,,. T.7 " t , J ------ ... " " unwnjtu, vim vii. iuiih were cruuo ana very ordinary rroaucu company, ucgan me ninnumt. . . fruit 1nlr
possible. This, however, was onlv oar- T??l S1.can J,lace1 l an .. orde.r. explaining- getting the product on the market a move veray faBt. and this was discour- printed ones. but. at that, the r.nnn ture of Juice on a verv broad scale. n the average fruit Juice.
tlally successful, as the berry is not. , I A. V-i.i n,.? . vfv? k mistake in business methods was un- aging to the dealer. proved to be- the "mortgage lifter" in This special concern has carried on Market Firmly E.b
strictly speaking, a shipping fruit. Be- A.lt-FI2r- :l 'i eTry.m cover- Originally the product was This serious mistake In packing was a short time and one of he best things an extensive advertising campaign and. The close of the 1916
cause of its extreme acidity it requires 1110 aI " weeM- senI out ln 50-pound wooden boxes, rectified by sending the product out in ever done by the managers of the at the end of two manufacturing years, nractlcallv all of the 1914. 1
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S?.r loll I I
! ViV- . 'W 1 7"'-1 1 S4Va kT'L .1111 VZ
product. However, one of the salesmen
made his return trip that way and It
proved a great surprise. Today almost
every Canadian Jobber is stocked with
enough to give the fruit a fair trial,
and they have proved good "repeaters."
A good Alaskan trade is handled, and
while foreign trade has not been given
OREGON SCHOOLS PROGRESS
Modern Methods In Instruction Used and Modern Buildings and Equipment
Are Being Provided in Most Districts.
By J. A. Churchill, Superintendent of
Public Instruction.
GENERAL. Improvement in all
phases of the school work of Ore
gon, bringing together all of the
educational Interests, so that no part
may be neglected, but tnat thorough
ness will show in all of the work un
dertaken by our public schools, has
ueen ine aim or the atate Department
of Education during the past year. That
this concentration and union of forces
has not been in vain is shown by the
many flattering notices which our
schools have received from all parts of
the United States.
J. L. McBrlen, School Extension
Agent or the Bureau of Education
Washington, D. c, in a circular letter
to the schools of this country, says
'The three states ranking highest
in percentage of daily attendance in
the rural schools are as follows: Ore
gon, 90.6; Connecticut, 88.4: Massachu
setts, 86. Oregon has found 9.4 a suf
ficient allowance for all reasonable ab
sences. What Oregon has done every
other state In the Union can do if it
will."
Edward Hyatt. Superintendent of
Public Instruction' of California, writes:
"I have seen your beautiful book
on school architecture and would like
tne Privilege of printing some of your
plans in our bulletin as an Illustration
of what Is being done in Oregon."
Oregon Is Complimented.
Relative' to the work which Is being
carried on to develop a better co-oper-
atlve spirit between communities and
their teachers, Mrs. 'J. C. Todd, presi-
dent of the Mothers' Congress and
farent-Teacner Association for the
state of Washington, writes:
I have seen a codv of the bulletin.
'Parent-Teacher Associations in Rural
rttieiu-icdtiici Aeuciaiions in rturai
and Village Schools,' published by your
office, and can appreciate what a great
help it must be in eettiner the rierht
viewpoint of parent-teacher work re-
fore teachers. We have conferred with
Superintendent of Public Instruction
for our own state and are hoping to
have something similar very soon."
Space forbids - quoting further, but
letters, circulars and . reports coming
io mis oiiice snow mat omar states
appreciate the fact that in the Oregon
school system no part
is neglected, but
that every public
school Interest
THE MORNING
; u ,
Is carefully .supervised. In the annual
report of United States Commissioner
of Education P. p. Claxton, 'special
mention is made of Oregon's high
schools, the city systems, the rural
standardization jilan, and the boys' and
girls industrial clubs, and Space
Is
given ior a lull report or each.
In order to have efficient work ln
the school room we must have trained
leacners. our laws provide that a cer-
tificate to teach cannot be issued with-
out examination excepting upon a di-
ploma of graduation from a standard
normal school or a standard college,
The graduate of a standard normal
school may receive a certificate to
teach in the elementary schools, as
the normal trains teachers especially
ror work in the grammar grades. The
graduate of a standard college may
receive a certificate to teach in the
nign scnools or the state, provided he
has completed 15 semester hours in
mo
Department of Education, which
department gives special professional
training for high school teachers.
Teachers Must Be Efficient.
achers Must Be Efficient.
ier to obtain a cprtifirata bv
ition one T must have completed
entary teachers' training course
In ord
examinati
an elementary teachers training
or its equivalent. This course Is of
fered only in the fourth year of our
standard high schools. The result is
that no person may obtain a certificate
to teach until he has completed a stan
dard four-year, high school, and has
had the equivalent of at least one year
of professional training.
The certificate law also requires
each teacher to read at least one pro-
fessional book each year, chosen from
a list prepared by the Superintendent
of Public Instruction. The University
of Oregon and the OregorvAgrlcultural
College, through co-oneratlon with the
State Superintendent, offer full courses
oiate ouptnnienueni, oner lull courses
in these books. These courses have
proved so helpful that more than 600
teachers have read durina- this sast
year several books in addition to the
required one book. In order to assist
the teachers of the state to unify the
work and to aid in the general prog-
ress, this department publishes each
year a number of bulletins. Among
these are a course of study for ele-
mcntary scnoois, one ior mgn scnoois,
a practical recreation manual, lessons
In fire prevention, school architecture
Xor rural schools, minimum require-
,Mmm w ", 2 -. . .-v ill
11- - S- .., "' - ..... . ,.::.:...:....a-. . tU- ,
I ;
OltEGONIAN, MONDAY,
DRINK OREGON LOGANBERRY JUICE
.J. 1! . . , V - " ' , ! . .
Told Growing of Loganberries Is Destined to Become Great Industry Market for Oregon Grower Established
&-C & roofer. Ores.r
ments ln spelling and language, and
many brief circulars.
The result of this certificate law
is being felt not only in more efficient
work in the schoolroom, but also in
effective leadership in the community
on the part of the teacher. During the
past two years 500 parent-teacher asso
ciations have been organized through
out the state.
As a direct result of the plan of
standardizing country schools, there
has developed a greater respect for
the flag law. - In hundreds of school-
houses the heating, lighting and ven-
tllating have been improved, the
grounas and OUlDUliatngS are Doing
looked after and pure drinking water
.
"eight
jwed for
first year
io u ci u is piuviueu, woiia Biiuri terms ui
school are being lengthened
months, the minimum alio1
standardization. .During the first year
the state-wide plan of standardization
was ln operation 10,000 pieces of play
apparatus were provided. In some of
the counties every school is now sup
plied with play apparatus.
Articulating closely with the rural
schools and the grammar grades of our
town schools. Oregon has
a, most ex
cellent system of high schools. The
state Board of Education fixed a stand-
ard for the high schools of Oregon,
making specific requirements as to
numhxr an4 nuallfleaiona of teachers,
equipment of laboratories and of 11-
braries. The plan met with the most
hearty response on the part of school
hearty response on tne part or scnooi
boards and patrons. At the opening of
tn school year there were 173 standard
igh schools in Oregon. The following
from the County Superintendent of
Clackamas County ia typical of the re-
ports coming from all sections of the
state
The Increased attendance last year
was marvelous, ranging rrom S3 l-a
per cent to more than 100 per cent in
each high school. I think fully 75 per
cent of the 'boys and girls who grad-
uated from the eighth grade in 1915
attended some standard high school,
Not only has it caused a much better
patronage, but it nas praciicauy done
away with all the one, two and three-
year high schools which were only.do-
ing high school work after a fashion.
is men bciiuvi huir ahi .hUiv.
The location of these schools is such
that every boy and girl can get a high
school --education. These schools are
nearly all located on or near a carline,
which- makes it possible for the stu-
dents to be at home with their parents
at night."
Three great Institutions, which are
increasing in efficiency and in service.
complete the system of free schools in
Oregon the State Normal school at
Monmouth: the Oregon Agricultural
College, at Corvallls, and the University
of Oregon, at Eugene,
JANUARY 1, 1917.
m
r,-;' as- From
FOREST LANDS CLASSIFIED
Since July,. 1912, 35,314 Acres in Oregon Have Been Listed as Suitable to
Entry Opportunities Provided for Homesteaders.
UNDER authority of an act of Con
gress of August 10. 1912. and the
direction of the Secretary of Ag
riculture, the' United States Forest
Service has been engaged in the classi-
fication of all lnnria within that hntinri.
ar,eg. of the Natlonal forests to deter.
iicar vl ins nauonai ioresis lo aeter-
m,ne whether the lands may be sub-
Ject to settlement and entry under ths
act of June 11. 1906. which provides
that the lands in the forests chiefly
valuable for agriculture and not needed
for public purposes may be opened to
entry under the general homestead
laws. Since July 1. 1912. a total of
35,314.63 acres in Oregon have been
a " o t" wiawii ua.v MC.SU
listed by the Secretary or Agriculture
..hi in- tnviciai; u& iuo in ici iui bs
with the Secretary of the Interior as
chiefly valuable for agriculture and
opened to entry.
The total area classified since the
act of August 10. 1912. and formally
approved by the Secretary of Agrlcul-
ture on August 5. 1916, was 7.648.942.81
acres. The total covered in the field.
classification pending approval oy tne
ciaiiigauop penning approval oy im
Secretary of Agriculture, was 5.108.-
627.39 acres. The total area eliminated
from the National forests since JUly !.
1912. and up to July 1. lit 1 6. was 449.034
acres, which includes a total of 877,033
acres formerly embraced in the Paulina
National forest, which was abolished in
1916 and merged into the Deschutes,
Frfemont and Crater National forests.
These lands were eliminated from the
Paulina National forest only because
they were found to have little value
for practical forestry purposes.
Eliminated Aereasre Glveau
The great bulk of this area of elim
inated lands is located east of the Cas-
cade Mountains in what is known
the -high plateau, arid and semi-arid
and dry farming section of the state.
Only 18,440 acres of the total area, or
about 4 per cent of the eliminations,
are in Southern and Southwestern Ore
gon. The statement, showing the Na
tional forests from which the elimina
tions were made, counties embraced ln
the forests and the acreage eliminated,
follows:
Acres.
xeschute ln Crook, Jrfferson, Klam
atn ana List counties
24.051
rrernont-IilamV? and Iiake .26.364
Josephine counties . .'..TT.... .7. .77.
and
enhlne counties 12.000
t7mpQ.ua, la Cooa, Douglas. Jackson,
r
4
-
77&'n of 7hi rt?en C37 of Z.ogn berre
union. Later an attractive lithographed their product has found and will keep
eight-ounce carton, encased In waxtlte
paper and sealed, was put into use.
Full printed directions for preparing
and recipes 'for numerous desserts are
printed on every package.
A little Incident which happened in
the travels of one of the salesmen will
illustrate how much the carton did for
the Salem Fruit Union. While In
Rochester, N. Y., he called on one of
the largest jobbers of evaporated
fruits In the East. This Jobber admit
ted that the loganberry had invaded
the territory of their New York state
raspberry to the extent that they were
racking their brains to compete with
It. "Your carton has done the work
for you, man. If they would only send
my fruit In cartons- Instead of barrels,
. It would solve my problem, but I can't
make them .see it that way.' was the
complaint of this Jobber.
Loganberry Juice Wins.
About this time came the fourth
period In market history. Fruit Juice
had been talked for some time and
many had experimented with it. Some
one has said: "Many a poor fellow has
gone broke trying to make and market
loganberry Juice." His first efforts
would be fairly successful. He would
plunge his little all. but when his prod
uct was put to a severe shipping and
storage test. Ihe results were disas-
trous. Many a professional and ama-
teur chemist can tell sad tales of ex
plosions while the product was In trial
siorage or rnipmenu r ermenuuuu
qualities would appear that had no re
gard for corks, bottles or containers
of any sort, much less for walls and
surroundings. There were other diffi
culties to be overcome.
Paul Schmidt, chemist for the Salem
Brewing Association, was perhaps the
first one who perfected a process by
which loganberry Juice In a beverage
and concentrated form would remain
clear for all time. He experimented
for four years before he was successful
and, with his success, the firm. .which
Josephine and Lan counties
8.440
Wenalia. In Umatilla, Union
and
wallow counties
5-JiJ
"
Paulina, la Klamath and Lake
m
Total ....449.03
The area of land classified as chief
ly valuable for agriculture and listed
ror entry sinc
lng that exam!
cf Uon" ,n. adv
classification.
for entry since July 1, 1912. lnclud-
ned on individual appli
ance of the general
aggregates 75,314.63
acres. For by far the greater part
of these lands, individual applications
were received prior to listing, and a
preferred applicant was named at the
time the land was opened to . entry.
The following list shows the acreage
1 I . J . . - . I T..I ,
iorst-
Forrat
Acrea I Foreat
1.113 75 Pnntiam. .
Acres.
Cascade.
Crater S.047. B0 Siskiyou.
5.PS7.63
19.4S7.SO
73.VO
4.412 53
10.22S.tO
4.325.00
M7.fi
DrirbutH. .. 8.3t3. lA:Stuslaw . .
Fremont. . .. lO.AKO.OOifmatllla.
Matjieur. ... l,9s.47;r'mpqua.
Milium I. (K Wallowa..
Paulina 6.8".4n Wer.aha. .
Ochoeo 4-20.nivhitmaii,
Oregon 1.611.S0I Total..
75.814.63
Since June 11. 1906. and prior to July
1. 1912. an additional 62.384.77 acres
In the National forests bad been listed
for homestead entry. All of these
lands were examined on individual ap
plications. Beat Lands Already Examined.
Practically all of the more desirable
agricultural lands in tne forests al-
ready have been examined and opened
to entry, and. with the completion oJT
the classification work within the next
two years, it Is expected that no lands
suitable tor agricultural development
will remain in the forests. Such small
tracts as may yet be opened for home
stead entry are. as a general rule, far
from transportation and isolated from
other settlements, and are often of low
producing value, owing to adverse cli
mate, topography and soli conditions.
The acres eliminated from the forests
were almost entirely of low-timber-producing
value.
Homesteads within fce forests are
made under the act of June 11. 190.
which provides that the lands must be
chiefly valuable for agriculture, not
needed for public purposes, and tbat
their occupation for agricultural pur-
poses muet not irtterefere with the
purposes for whicn.ine natlonal
tvsia were created.
for-
X
4'V
Its place on the market of this con-
tinent not on advertising alone, but
on its merits. They have .set out to
make It a National beverage?
Their valuable knowledge gained
through their years of experience as
manufacturers of beer have enabled
them to carry on operations In a thor
oughly scientific manner. Their equip
ment is modern in every respect and
their factory will bear the inspection
of any .visit-the-factory - before - you
buy" brigade of the land.
Fmmt Season Profitable.
During the loganberry season ot
1916, which, due to cool weather, lasted
six weeks but which usually lasts only
about three weeks, this firm handled
about 2000 ions of fruit, or 10 times as
much as they handled the first year.
The largest quantity handled in a day
was 1S7 tons. The plant was kept la
operation day and night, with 160 em
ployes working in three eight - hour
shifts.
This firm purchased Its raw products
from the Salem Fruit Union and was
thus assured of a steady, flexible sup
ply during their manufacturing season.
Several hundred thousand gallons of
loganberry Juice was shipped out of
Salem this last year.
There are some 12 or more fruit-Juice
concerns in the Willamette Valley, and
they w,u tak, care of the berrte8 whicn
are too ripe for shipping and drying
purposes. They have cut down the sea-
. , drled berrlea 60 ner cent
and, even though there should be an
increased acreage, it looks as. If the
grower's problems are almost solved.
The pioneer selling work of ths
Salem Fruit Union has paved the way
for the Juice manufacturers to the ex
tent that people at least know what
the loganberry is. The Juice has met
with Instant favor because It is ths
only fruit Juice that contains a consid
erable percentage of natural citric acid
In combination with other beneficial
not have
taste found
bllahed.
season saw
915 and
1916 crop ln the hands of the Salem
Fruit Union sold for future delivery.
They are on shore once more. Th
Jobbers now handle their product and
can intelligently resell the goods.
About 500,000 pounds of the dried fruit
was sold during the past year. The
amount of business handled by the
anion in 1916 exceeded 3500,000.
Ths loganberry. In addition to Its
use for fruit Juice. Is in great demand
ln the East when dried. The biggest
pie-baKlng companies
of New York.
Brooklyn. Chicago and Pittsburg make)
thousands of losanberry pies daily, to
be served ln the leading restaurants.
In Chicago alone, one baker makes
2000 pies a day; another 1600 a day.
and a number of the smaller estab
lishments put out from 200 to 600 a
day.
A small advertising campaign was
run in 12 of the largest cities ln the
far Eastern States by the Willamette
Valley Prune Association last year to
dispose of an overstock of evaporated
"loganberries, and was so effective that
thhs year there will be probably an in
sufficient amount of loganberries dried
to take care of the demand created,
last Spring.
The Pheasant Fruit Juice Company
of Salem started manufacture of logan
berry Juice for Natlonal distribution
in 1914. making a total that year ot
2S.00O gallons: in 1915 they increased
this amount to 40.000 gallons, and in '
1916 their production was 252.000 gal
lons, which will mean a total volume
of sales during 1917 cf approximately
3750,000 worth of Oregon's great prod
uct. This company is making a col
lection of chemical analyses and re
ports from the leading institutions of
this kind in the country on their prod
uct. All reports to date indicate that
loganberry Juice is about 60 per cent
more nutritious an!' healthful than Its
natural competitor, grape Juice. Of its
flavor there is really no basis of
comparison, as the loganberry is in
a class of its own with its peculiarly
different and deliclously, rememberable
flavor.
The loganberry market has been
established for the Oregon grower.
"All of us are working with one aim
to educate the people of our country
to the merits of loganberry Juice from
Oregon." said a manufacturer. "Ship
ments have been made to all the princi
pal cities ln the United States and to
foreign countries. The business is
growing, repeat orders are coming, and
all of us are optimlstio as to the final
outcome.
"Loganberry Juice is now Oregon's
favorite drink. The world Is our mar
ket for a product exclusively our own.
Loganberry juice is proving its merits
and deserves boosting by all loyal
Pregoniana,"
v