NATION BEING TAUGHT TO How Production of Fruit and Making of By-Products Were Placed on Solid Basis Is 7 'vfc x x -.. -5. s?" 1 1 J PKACTICAXX.T four-fifths of th lo ganberries raised in the world come from the Willamette Valley, and few persons realize, much less ap preciate, what tremendous efforts It has taken to get them on the market. Neither do they realize that this indus try means many thousands of dollars to the state of Oregon, and that during the harvesting and growing- season it provides employment for about 10,000 persona. The development of a market for this fruit has gons through four dis tinct stages. Industry Is Reviewed. When the berry first came on the market the growers supplied the can neries and demands for local consump tion. They got such encouraging re turns that everyone who had a town lot or acreage began to plant logan berries. In two years, the length of time it takes for the vines to come into rather prolific bearing, it was neces- eary to seek other methods of market- Bun ripening, and therefore does not ship well for any great distance. The third step was evaporation, which takes care of the ripe berry. Berries for canning and fresh fruit shipment are required to be what is termed among buyers "hard ripe." The berry into which nature has put the full sugar content is the one necessary for evaporation the sun-ripened berry. For three years this process occupied the attention of the growers, who now found themselves with a big over-pro ductlon of fruit, amounting to three times that of any previous yield. There was no market, and therefore they had very little money to carry on opera tions for the coming year. Credit Dae Salem Fruit Union. This was true of the growers around Salem, and doubtless all of the other loganberry districts. Something had to be done. The Salem Fruit Union came to the rescue of growers and during 1914 pledgedtheir credit to the extent of advancing them ten cents a pound to cover picking and drying. This plunged the union $43,000 into debt with only prospects for the sale of a few" fresh berries and about one and one-half acres of dried fruit against nine cars in pool. This meant that the Salem Frnlt Union would either break up in busi ness, or take one more chance and plunge still further before they could reach the steady current which would help them to shore. They strained their credit to its utmost limit and borrowed another 320,000 to cover the cost of packing the supply on hand, an advertising campaign on a small scale and the expense of putting three sales men on the road. These men were sent to the terrl- tories where conditions were the most favorable. There was no time to be lost ln pioneering in communities where financial conditions were the least doubtful. ' National Market Growlnar. One of the salesmen succeeded ln putting the evaporated product into stock with the large mall order houses of Chicago and yearly two carloads go forward to them. These people have . . ftot.Kn.v.,! ,i . , , . t moat oon!rvriv IV TL a inowa wwataf tfc ti loganberries a page of advertising ln .- -. ... w.w., ...v W.BVU their catalogues, which have a world wide distribution, and recently for a period of two months devoted the in side cover page to the merits of this fruit. This year they placed larger orders than ever before. Because of the keen competition with the Eastern raspberry and all home grown products, the union did not look tn canaaa as a iavoratuo llejd lor. their lit " " ' a W xf lnf,Atir,-?,';?d"v.C. , dere r. received. RectlV a London nHnJtT, '?"t0,n "".V",'.8- JSl J,TOiCt " !?:n,J!8 -ouea cartons. The is now known as the Northwest Food SroverTy-swect ""VP'is mcii was iuuuu nhvsician nlarAri n nrrier PTnl.ii,!,,. T.7 " t , J ------ ... " " unwnjtu, vim vii. iuiih were cruuo ana very ordinary rroaucu company, ucgan me ninnumt. . . fruit 1nlr possible. This, however, was onlv oar- T??l S1.can J,lace1 l an .. orde.r. explaining- getting the product on the market a move veray faBt. and this was discour- printed ones. but. at that, the r.nnn ture of Juice on a verv broad scale. n the average fruit Juice. tlally successful, as the berry is not. , I A. V-i.i n,.? . vfv? k mistake in business methods was un- aging to the dealer. proved to be- the "mortgage lifter" in This special concern has carried on Market Firmly E.b strictly speaking, a shipping fruit. Be- A.lt-FI2r- :l 'i eTry.m cover- Originally the product was This serious mistake In packing was a short time and one of he best things an extensive advertising campaign and. The close of the 1916 cause of its extreme acidity it requires 1110 aI " weeM- senI out ln 50-pound wooden boxes, rectified by sending the product out in ever done by the managers of the at the end of two manufacturing years, nractlcallv all of the 1914. 1 , f . V 7 -V . iS" 9 iO ... i Z - Si .... S?.r loll I I ! ViV- . 'W 1 7"'-1 1 S4Va kT'L .1111 VZ product. However, one of the salesmen made his return trip that way and It proved a great surprise. Today almost every Canadian Jobber is stocked with enough to give the fruit a fair trial, and they have proved good "repeaters." A good Alaskan trade is handled, and while foreign trade has not been given OREGON SCHOOLS PROGRESS Modern Methods In Instruction Used and Modern Buildings and Equipment Are Being Provided in Most Districts. By J. A. Churchill, Superintendent of Public Instruction. GENERAL. Improvement in all phases of the school work of Ore gon, bringing together all of the educational Interests, so that no part may be neglected, but tnat thorough ness will show in all of the work un dertaken by our public schools, has ueen ine aim or the atate Department of Education during the past year. That this concentration and union of forces has not been in vain is shown by the many flattering notices which our schools have received from all parts of the United States. J. L. McBrlen, School Extension Agent or the Bureau of Education Washington, D. c, in a circular letter to the schools of this country, says 'The three states ranking highest in percentage of daily attendance in the rural schools are as follows: Ore gon, 90.6; Connecticut, 88.4: Massachu setts, 86. Oregon has found 9.4 a suf ficient allowance for all reasonable ab sences. What Oregon has done every other state In the Union can do if it will." Edward Hyatt. Superintendent of Public Instruction' of California, writes: "I have seen your beautiful book on school architecture and would like tne Privilege of printing some of your plans in our bulletin as an Illustration of what Is being done in Oregon." Oregon Is Complimented. Relative' to the work which Is being carried on to develop a better co-oper- atlve spirit between communities and their teachers, Mrs. 'J. C. Todd, presi- dent of the Mothers' Congress and farent-Teacner Association for the state of Washington, writes: I have seen a codv of the bulletin. 'Parent-Teacher Associations in Rural rttieiu-icdtiici Aeuciaiions in rturai and Village Schools,' published by your office, and can appreciate what a great help it must be in eettiner the rierht viewpoint of parent-teacher work re- fore teachers. We have conferred with Superintendent of Public Instruction for our own state and are hoping to have something similar very soon." Space forbids - quoting further, but letters, circulars and . reports coming io mis oiiice snow mat omar states appreciate the fact that in the Oregon school system no part is neglected, but that every public school Interest THE MORNING ; u , Is carefully .supervised. In the annual report of United States Commissioner of Education P. p. Claxton, 'special mention is made of Oregon's high schools, the city systems, the rural standardization jilan, and the boys' and girls industrial clubs, and Space Is given ior a lull report or each. In order to have efficient work ln the school room we must have trained leacners. our laws provide that a cer- tificate to teach cannot be issued with- out examination excepting upon a di- ploma of graduation from a standard normal school or a standard college, The graduate of a standard normal school may receive a certificate to teach in the elementary schools, as the normal trains teachers especially ror work in the grammar grades. The graduate of a standard college may receive a certificate to teach in the nign scnools or the state, provided he has completed 15 semester hours in mo Department of Education, which department gives special professional training for high school teachers. Teachers Must Be Efficient. achers Must Be Efficient. ier to obtain a cprtifirata bv ition one T must have completed entary teachers' training course In ord examinati an elementary teachers training or its equivalent. This course Is of fered only in the fourth year of our standard high schools. The result is that no person may obtain a certificate to teach until he has completed a stan dard four-year, high school, and has had the equivalent of at least one year of professional training. The certificate law also requires each teacher to read at least one pro- fessional book each year, chosen from a list prepared by the Superintendent of Public Instruction. The University of Oregon and the OregorvAgrlcultural College, through co-oneratlon with the State Superintendent, offer full courses oiate ouptnnienueni, oner lull courses in these books. These courses have proved so helpful that more than 600 teachers have read durina- this sast year several books in addition to the required one book. In order to assist the teachers of the state to unify the work and to aid in the general prog- ress, this department publishes each year a number of bulletins. Among these are a course of study for ele- mcntary scnoois, one ior mgn scnoois, a practical recreation manual, lessons In fire prevention, school architecture Xor rural schools, minimum require- ,Mmm w ", 2 -. . .-v ill 11- - S- .., "' - ..... . ,.::.:...:....a-. . tU- , I ; OltEGONIAN, MONDAY, DRINK OREGON LOGANBERRY JUICE .J. 1! . . , V - " ' , ! . . Told Growing of Loganberries Is Destined to Become Great Industry Market for Oregon Grower Established &-C & roofer. Ores.r ments ln spelling and language, and many brief circulars. The result of this certificate law is being felt not only in more efficient work in the schoolroom, but also in effective leadership in the community on the part of the teacher. During the past two years 500 parent-teacher asso ciations have been organized through out the state. As a direct result of the plan of standardizing country schools, there has developed a greater respect for the flag law. - In hundreds of school- houses the heating, lighting and ven- tllating have been improved, the grounas and OUlDUliatngS are Doing looked after and pure drinking water . "eight jwed for first year io u ci u is piuviueu, woiia Biiuri terms ui school are being lengthened months, the minimum alio1 standardization. .During the first year the state-wide plan of standardization was ln operation 10,000 pieces of play apparatus were provided. In some of the counties every school is now sup plied with play apparatus. Articulating closely with the rural schools and the grammar grades of our town schools. Oregon has a, most ex cellent system of high schools. The state Board of Education fixed a stand- ard for the high schools of Oregon, making specific requirements as to numhxr an4 nuallfleaiona of teachers, equipment of laboratories and of 11- braries. The plan met with the most hearty response on the part of school hearty response on tne part or scnooi boards and patrons. At the opening of tn school year there were 173 standard igh schools in Oregon. The following from the County Superintendent of Clackamas County ia typical of the re- ports coming from all sections of the state The Increased attendance last year was marvelous, ranging rrom S3 l-a per cent to more than 100 per cent in each high school. I think fully 75 per cent of the 'boys and girls who grad- uated from the eighth grade in 1915 attended some standard high school, Not only has it caused a much better patronage, but it nas praciicauy done away with all the one, two and three- year high schools which were only.do- ing high school work after a fashion. is men bciiuvi huir ahi .hUiv. The location of these schools is such that every boy and girl can get a high school --education. These schools are nearly all located on or near a carline, which- makes it possible for the stu- dents to be at home with their parents at night." Three great Institutions, which are increasing in efficiency and in service. complete the system of free schools in Oregon the State Normal school at Monmouth: the Oregon Agricultural College, at Corvallls, and the University of Oregon, at Eugene, JANUARY 1, 1917. m r,-;' as- From FOREST LANDS CLASSIFIED Since July,. 1912, 35,314 Acres in Oregon Have Been Listed as Suitable to Entry Opportunities Provided for Homesteaders. UNDER authority of an act of Con gress of August 10. 1912. and the direction of the Secretary of Ag riculture, the' United States Forest Service has been engaged in the classi- fication of all lnnria within that hntinri. ar,eg. of the Natlonal forests to deter. iicar vl ins nauonai ioresis lo aeter- m,ne whether the lands may be sub- Ject to settlement and entry under ths act of June 11. 1906. which provides that the lands in the forests chiefly valuable for agriculture and not needed for public purposes may be opened to entry under the general homestead laws. Since July 1. 1912. a total of 35,314.63 acres in Oregon have been a " o t" wiawii ua.v MC.SU listed by the Secretary or Agriculture ..hi in- tnviciai; u& iuo in ici iui bs with the Secretary of the Interior as chiefly valuable for agriculture and opened to entry. The total area classified since the act of August 10. 1912. and formally approved by the Secretary of Agrlcul- ture on August 5. 1916, was 7.648.942.81 acres. The total covered in the field. classification pending approval oy tne ciaiiigauop penning approval oy im Secretary of Agriculture, was 5.108.- 627.39 acres. The total area eliminated from the National forests since JUly !. 1912. and up to July 1. lit 1 6. was 449.034 acres, which includes a total of 877,033 acres formerly embraced in the Paulina National forest, which was abolished in 1916 and merged into the Deschutes, Frfemont and Crater National forests. These lands were eliminated from the Paulina National forest only because they were found to have little value for practical forestry purposes. Eliminated Aereasre Glveau The great bulk of this area of elim inated lands is located east of the Cas- cade Mountains in what is known the -high plateau, arid and semi-arid and dry farming section of the state. Only 18,440 acres of the total area, or about 4 per cent of the eliminations, are in Southern and Southwestern Ore gon. The statement, showing the Na tional forests from which the elimina tions were made, counties embraced ln the forests and the acreage eliminated, follows: Acres. xeschute ln Crook, Jrfferson, Klam atn ana List counties 24.051 rrernont-IilamV? and Iiake .26.364 Josephine counties . .'..TT.... .7. .77. and enhlne counties 12.000 t7mpQ.ua, la Cooa, Douglas. Jackson, r 4 - 77&'n of 7hi rt?en C37 of Z.ogn berre union. Later an attractive lithographed their product has found and will keep eight-ounce carton, encased In waxtlte paper and sealed, was put into use. Full printed directions for preparing and recipes 'for numerous desserts are printed on every package. A little Incident which happened in the travels of one of the salesmen will illustrate how much the carton did for the Salem Fruit Union. While In Rochester, N. Y., he called on one of the largest jobbers of evaporated fruits In the East. This Jobber admit ted that the loganberry had invaded the territory of their New York state raspberry to the extent that they were racking their brains to compete with It. "Your carton has done the work for you, man. If they would only send my fruit In cartons- Instead of barrels, . It would solve my problem, but I can't make them .see it that way.' was the complaint of this Jobber. Loganberry Juice Wins. About this time came the fourth period In market history. Fruit Juice had been talked for some time and many had experimented with it. Some one has said: "Many a poor fellow has gone broke trying to make and market loganberry Juice." His first efforts would be fairly successful. He would plunge his little all. but when his prod uct was put to a severe shipping and storage test. Ihe results were disas- trous. Many a professional and ama- teur chemist can tell sad tales of ex plosions while the product was In trial siorage or rnipmenu r ermenuuuu qualities would appear that had no re gard for corks, bottles or containers of any sort, much less for walls and surroundings. There were other diffi culties to be overcome. Paul Schmidt, chemist for the Salem Brewing Association, was perhaps the first one who perfected a process by which loganberry Juice In a beverage and concentrated form would remain clear for all time. He experimented for four years before he was successful and, with his success, the firm. .which Josephine and Lan counties 8.440 Wenalia. In Umatilla, Union and wallow counties 5-JiJ " Paulina, la Klamath and Lake m Total ....449.03 The area of land classified as chief ly valuable for agriculture and listed ror entry sinc lng that exam! cf Uon" ,n. adv classification. for entry since July 1, 1912. lnclud- ned on individual appli ance of the general aggregates 75,314.63 acres. For by far the greater part of these lands, individual applications were received prior to listing, and a preferred applicant was named at the time the land was opened to . entry. The following list shows the acreage 1 I . J . . - . I T..I , iorst- Forrat Acrea I Foreat 1.113 75 Pnntiam. . Acres. Cascade. Crater S.047. B0 Siskiyou. 5.PS7.63 19.4S7.SO 73.VO 4.412 53 10.22S.tO 4.325.00 M7.fi DrirbutH. .. 8.3t3. lA:Stuslaw . . Fremont. . .. lO.AKO.OOifmatllla. Matjieur. ... l,9s.47;r'mpqua. Milium I. (K Wallowa.. Paulina 6.8".4n Wer.aha. . Ochoeo 4-20.nivhitmaii, Oregon 1.611.S0I Total.. 75.814.63 Since June 11. 1906. and prior to July 1. 1912. an additional 62.384.77 acres In the National forests bad been listed for homestead entry. All of these lands were examined on individual ap plications. Beat Lands Already Examined. Practically all of the more desirable agricultural lands in tne forests al- ready have been examined and opened to entry, and. with the completion oJT the classification work within the next two years, it Is expected that no lands suitable tor agricultural development will remain in the forests. Such small tracts as may yet be opened for home stead entry are. as a general rule, far from transportation and isolated from other settlements, and are often of low producing value, owing to adverse cli mate, topography and soli conditions. The acres eliminated from the forests were almost entirely of low-timber-producing value. Homesteads within fce forests are made under the act of June 11. 190. which provides that the lands must be chiefly valuable for agriculture, not needed for public purposes, and tbat their occupation for agricultural pur- poses muet not irtterefere with the purposes for whicn.ine natlonal tvsia were created. for- X 4'V Its place on the market of this con- tinent not on advertising alone, but on its merits. They have .set out to make It a National beverage? Their valuable knowledge gained through their years of experience as manufacturers of beer have enabled them to carry on operations In a thor oughly scientific manner. Their equip ment is modern in every respect and their factory will bear the inspection of any .visit-the-factory - before - you buy" brigade of the land. Fmmt Season Profitable. During the loganberry season ot 1916, which, due to cool weather, lasted six weeks but which usually lasts only about three weeks, this firm handled about 2000 ions of fruit, or 10 times as much as they handled the first year. The largest quantity handled in a day was 1S7 tons. The plant was kept la operation day and night, with 160 em ployes working in three eight - hour shifts. This firm purchased Its raw products from the Salem Fruit Union and was thus assured of a steady, flexible sup ply during their manufacturing season. Several hundred thousand gallons of loganberry Juice was shipped out of Salem this last year. There are some 12 or more fruit-Juice concerns in the Willamette Valley, and they w,u tak, care of the berrte8 whicn are too ripe for shipping and drying purposes. They have cut down the sea- . , drled berrlea 60 ner cent and, even though there should be an increased acreage, it looks as. If the grower's problems are almost solved. The pioneer selling work of ths Salem Fruit Union has paved the way for the Juice manufacturers to the ex tent that people at least know what the loganberry is. The Juice has met with Instant favor because It is ths only fruit Juice that contains a consid erable percentage of natural citric acid In combination with other beneficial not have taste found bllahed. season saw 915 and 1916 crop ln the hands of the Salem Fruit Union sold for future delivery. They are on shore once more. Th Jobbers now handle their product and can intelligently resell the goods. About 500,000 pounds of the dried fruit was sold during the past year. The amount of business handled by the anion in 1916 exceeded 3500,000. Ths loganberry. In addition to Its use for fruit Juice. Is in great demand ln the East when dried. The biggest pie-baKlng companies of New York. Brooklyn. Chicago and Pittsburg make) thousands of losanberry pies daily, to be served ln the leading restaurants. In Chicago alone, one baker makes 2000 pies a day; another 1600 a day. and a number of the smaller estab lishments put out from 200 to 600 a day. A small advertising campaign was run in 12 of the largest cities ln the far Eastern States by the Willamette Valley Prune Association last year to dispose of an overstock of evaporated "loganberries, and was so effective that thhs year there will be probably an in sufficient amount of loganberries dried to take care of the demand created, last Spring. The Pheasant Fruit Juice Company of Salem started manufacture of logan berry Juice for Natlonal distribution in 1914. making a total that year ot 2S.00O gallons: in 1915 they increased this amount to 40.000 gallons, and in ' 1916 their production was 252.000 gal lons, which will mean a total volume of sales during 1917 cf approximately 3750,000 worth of Oregon's great prod uct. This company is making a col lection of chemical analyses and re ports from the leading institutions of this kind in the country on their prod uct. All reports to date indicate that loganberry Juice is about 60 per cent more nutritious an!' healthful than Its natural competitor, grape Juice. Of its flavor there is really no basis of comparison, as the loganberry is in a class of its own with its peculiarly different and deliclously, rememberable flavor. The loganberry market has been established for the Oregon grower. "All of us are working with one aim to educate the people of our country to the merits of loganberry Juice from Oregon." said a manufacturer. "Ship ments have been made to all the princi pal cities ln the United States and to foreign countries. The business is growing, repeat orders are coming, and all of us are optimlstio as to the final outcome. "Loganberry Juice is now Oregon's favorite drink. The world Is our mar ket for a product exclusively our own. Loganberry juice is proving its merits and deserves boosting by all loyal Pregoniana," v