Morning Oregonian., October 20, 1916, Page 12, Image 12

T1TE SrOTlXTJTG OREGONIAN, FRIDAY. OCTOBER 20, 191 C.
I'OKTLAMJ. vU.ON.
Entered at Portland (Oregon) Poatoffloo as
scond-clau mail matter.
Eubscriptioa rates Invariably In advance
?(By MalL)
'ally. Sunday Included, on year "'S2
'ally, Bunday Included, alx moothi 4.23
Jjaily, gunday Included, three months,. 2.23
Xai)y. Sunday Included, one month -75
Daily, without Sunday, one year ... 6.00
X'ally. without Sunday, six months..... 8-25
laily. without Bunday. three months... X.T5
Ijally, without Sunday, one month...... .60
Weekly, cne vear.. ....... ....... 1.50
(Sunday, ona ear 2.50
feunday and Weekly 8-50
(By Carrier.)
Iaily, Bunday Included, one year 8.0
Xaily. Sunday Included, one month 75
How to Remit Send postoffice' money
order, express order or personal check on
your local bank. Stamps, coin or currency
ere at sender's risk. Give postoffice address
In full, Including county and state.
Postage Kates 12 to 16 pages, 1 cent; 18
to 82 paees, 2 cents; 34 to 4S pages, 3 cents
r.O to 60 pages. 4 cents: U2 to 76 pages,
6 cents; 78 to 83 pages. 0 cents. Foreign
postage, double rates.
Eastern Business Office Verree & Conk
lln. Brunswick building. New York; Verree
& Conklin. feterer building. Chicago. San
Francisco representative. It. J. Bldwell. 742
Markec street.
PORTLAND, FRIDAY. OCTOBER 20, 1916.
A FINE OPPORTUNITY FOR WILSON.
The sincerity of President Wilson's
devotion to the eight-hour day does
not stand the acid test. The law fixes
eight hours as a day's work for postal
employes except in emergencies. The
work having grown to the point where
the emergency was practically con
tinuous. Congress authorized the em
ployment of 1300 additional clerks and
at the last session appropriated the
money to pay them, but Postmaster
General Burleson refuses to put the
additional men to work. In conse
quence the present force Is working
eleven and twelve hours a day. Mr.
Burleson is more Interested in making
the postoffice show a surplus earned
by sweating the employes than in the
sanctity of the eight-hour day and
the observance of the law, nor does the
President take any action to compel
him to observe the law.
The President has been challenged
to act by Thomas F. Flaherty, secre
tary and treasurer of the Federation
of Postoffice Clerks, who has written
to him asking for relief from exces
sive overtime. Mr. Flaherty says that
clerks in many large postoffices, nota
bly New York, Chicago, Boston and
Cleveland, are daily and nightly forced
to work ten, eleven and even twelve
hours and that, protests addressed to
the Postoffice Department have proved
fruitless. Most of the overworked men
are mail distributors, who work at
night, at top speed and high tension.
This is pronounced "poor business pol
icy, resulting in errors in distribution
when the overtaxed brain refuses to
respond, and in the physical break
down of the worker." In the Chicago
postoffice 800 clerks averaged 105
hours' overtime during the first six
months of this year, mostly In the last
four months of that period. Since
July 1 the condition has grown worse,
with the election mail and the heavy
Fall business in full swing.
The- only defense for this sweating
of the clerks is that it Is cheaper to
work them overtime than to hire more
clerks. That is the defense which pri
vate employers have been condemned
for making. The purpose is the same
to make a profit. By his policy
Mr. Burleson Justifies the opposition
of private employers to the eight-hour
day and places the Government in the
class of sweatshop employers.
There are no legal obstacles In the
way of granting the postal clerks' pe
tition, such as were overcome in such
ranlc haste in granting the demands
of the railroad men. The President
has authority to hire additional men
and money wherewith to pay them.
Having these, he is bound by law to
employ them.
The President has a fine opportunity
to prove the sincerity of his professed
devotion to the eight-hour day. He
. has been repeatedly charged with hav
lng yielded to intimidation In causing
the passage of the Adamson law for
the benefit of railroad men. The fact
that this law was passed to avert a
strike which would have seriously af
fected his political fortunes has raised
doubt as to his sincerity. No such
doubt could be raised about the postal
clerks. Though they are organized.
they cannot strike, hence cannot make
the same effective appeal to the public
as the railroad men made. If Mr.
Wilson should order Mr. Burleson to
put the eight-hour law in full effect
in the Postoffice Department that
would be evidence of his sincerity in
championing that system. Should he
fail to take up their case, he would
give circumstantial evidence corrob
orating the charge that in the case of
the railroad men he yielded to the
threat of a strike, not to his sense of
Justice.
A further' opportunity to prove his
devotion to the eight-hour day is of
fered Mr. Wilson by the petition from
the 80 per cent of railroad employes
to whom the Adamson law does not
apply, asking Congress to Investigate
the entire subject of railroad hours
and wages. The head of this move
ment is Robert T. Frazier, of Nash
ville, Tenn., who is reporting to those
whom he represents his failure to ob
tain a hearing from the President
when the strike negotiations were in
progress , at Washington. The great
majority of the 80 per cent are un
organized and are unable to extort
legislation by threat to strike. Their
claim is supported only by assertion
of its justice. It is put In these words
by Mr. Frazier:
The Adamson law simply raised the wages
of the highest paid class of railway em
ployes. We outside the brotherhoods cer
tainly are opposed to any advance' to these
men If they fiKht against advances to the
lower-paid employes. In a word. If there
Is to be legislation on the subject of com
pensation, we want It to cover the whole
Held fairly and equitably.
If the President is so enthusiastio for
the eight-hour day .that, aside from
any other motives, he would induce
Congress to rush through a bill estab
lishing it on two days' notice at the
fag-end of a long session, here are
two fine opportunities to prove it.
A correspondent of The Oregonian
pertinently calls attention to the fact
that the sun never sets on the pos
sessions of France and Holland, which
countries therefore share with Great
Britain the right to the slogan chiefly
associated with the latter country.
French possessions in South America,
In Africa, in Asia and Oceania com
plete the circle, while Holland similar
ly avoids the falling of night with
her flag in South America and the
islands of Far Eastern seas. Thus the
TTnited States, with possession of the
Danish West Indies, will make four
countries having perpetual daylight.
The correspondent also mentions the
Interesting, historical fact that Portu
gal. Spain and Russia once could boast
that the sun never set on their domin
ions, although this is no longer true.
Portugal lost the distinction when she
was crowded out of the New World;
Spain as a result of her war with the
TJnited States, and Russia by selling
Alaska, although Russia now very
nearly spans half way around the
world.
VOTE YE 8 IF YOU STEAV NO.
The saying has been somewhat aptly
applied to the measure on tlie ballot
pertaining to Sunday closing that it
is one on which you vote "yes" when
you mean "no" and vote "no" when
you mean "yes."
This Is one way of stating that the
bill to be voted on la a repeal of an
existing statute. If the initiated meas
ure is approved that is, if a majority
of the .voters . voting thereon vote
"yes" section 2125 of Lord's Oregon
Laws will be wiped out. This section
is the one which permits theaters,
drugstores, doctors' offices, undertak
ers' establishments, livery stables,
butchershops and bakeries to remain
open for business- on Sunday, but re
quires grocery stores and other mer
cantile establishments not excepted', as
well as shops, bowling alleys and billiard-rooms
to remain closed.
It follows that the voter who de
sires that there be no restriction on
the operation of any lawful business
on Sunday should vote "yes," while
he who wants business restricted on
Sunday should vote "no."
Repeal measures are always confus
ing whether presented to the people
or to the Legislature. In the Legisla
ture there is usually an oral explana
tion of the effectfof an "aye" or "no"
vote on a repeal. In direct legis
lation the voter has only the guidance
of what he may read on the subject.
It is unfortunate that such an issue
cannot be more clearly expressed-on
the ballot, but we do not know of any
way that it could have been done.
WEAR A ROSE.
It may be hoped that in the heat of
politics or In the stress of everyday
business the people of Portland will
give especial thought Saturday to the
Salvation Army Rescue Home. The
Rescue Home is what its name implies
a. home and rescue for a class prac
tically denied home and rescue except
in Institutions similarly under religious
or philanthropic supervision.
The Salvation Army's institution has
the sponsorship and indorsement of a
number of earnest, responsible men
and women not connected with the
Army itself. They vouch for the kind
ly welcome of its ever-open portals
and the unquestioning zeal with which
the members of the- Salvation Army
care for the unfortunates received
within.
They and the Salvation Army are
asking that tomorrow the people of
Portland contribute a mite each to
meet an Indebtedness that confronts
the institution and provide means for
continuing its worthy work. Saturday
is to be a rose day for the benefit of
the Rescue Home. Roses will be dis
pensed In lieu of he conventional
tag.
It Is a happy thought: an appro
priate one. .The "tag" has rather lost
its hold upon the public sympathy.
Many who would willingly give to the
cause it may represent do not care
to wear It. But the rose brings a
pleasure of its own to the wearer, and
in this Instance it will have had added
to Its own Incense the spiritual frag
rance of a noble cause. - ,
ATTEMPT TO DECEIVE WOMEN.
So desperate has the Democratic
National Committee been rendered by
women's exposure of the Democratic
party's opposition at heart to National
woman suffrage that it has resorted
to outright deception in the effort to
win women's votes in the West. It
has sent out to the women of the West
a circular purporting to quote a bulle
tin Issued from the White House on
October G, when the President went
to New Jersey to vote for state suf
frage. This bulletin actually made
the President say that he believed in
suffrage for "the women of the state.
The circular quotes it as saying "for
the women of the Nation."
That is the entire question at Issue
between Mr. Wilson and the suffragists
who oppose him. He has refused aid
in obtaining suffrage for "the women
of the Nation" by adoption of an
amendment to the Federal eonstitu
tlon. He adheres to the plan of ob
taining the suffrage by states, one
state at a time. The constitutions of
some states contain such provisions as
make amendment practically impossl
ble. The only practicable way of over
coming these obstacles Is by Federal
amendment.' Mr. Wilson's action, also
his words at the time of the New Jer
sey election, prove that he Is at heart
opposed to National woman suffrage,
In garbling the bulletin his committee
tries to deceive women into believing
that Mr. Wilson favors the policy
which he in fact opposes.
There is no doubt about Mr. HuKhes'
attitude on this question. He said on
August 1, the day after he had been
formally notified of his nomination:
I think it to be most desirable that the
question of woman suflrage should be set'
tied promptly. The question is of such l
nature that It should be settled for the
entire country. My view is that the pro
posed amendment should be submitted and
ratified and the subject removed from
political discussion.
There Is no dodging or equivocation
about that statement. It left no open
ing for any committee to change its
wording. It is plain and straight
forward, like Mr. Hughes himself.
MUTILATED PROTECTION OF DYES.
That Congress was insincere even in
its promise of protection to the dye
and chemical Industries that industrial
leaders in the United States had hoped
to build up as a result of opportunity
afforded by the war is pointed out by
the American Chemical Society, which
adopted resolutions at its recent con
vention denouncing the half measures
established and showing how Congress
has indefinitely deferred the benefits
it was supposed would be conferred.
When the revenue bill was passed
by the1 Senate, after hearings of pro
ducers and consumers had been, had
it accorded to all classes of dyestuffs
without exception both an ad valorem
and a specific duty. In the final con
ference between the House and Sen
ate exceptions as to specific duty were
made as to natural and synthetic
alizarin and dyes obtained from ali
zarin, anthracene and carbazol, nat
ural and synthetic indigo and medi
clnals and flavors. i
The importance of this action as
showing the true purpose of the ma
jority In Congress, to create the ap
pearance of affording protection to a
promising Industry without as a mat
ter of fact doing so, lies in its con
nection with another section -of the
bill, which provides that "if.'at the
expiration of five years from the pass
age of this . act, the President finds
that there is not being manufactured
or produced-in the United States as
much as 60 per cent in value of the
domestic consumption of these articles,
he shall by proclamation so declare,
whereupon the special duty imposed
. . shall no longer be collected."
The officials of the American Chem
ical Society estimate that the value
of these excepted classes of dyes
amounts to about 80 per cent of all
the dyes consumed In the United
States, or half the amount necessary
fo the continuance of the protective
feature of the act. It is a clear at
tempt to handicap, and if possible to
defeat, the protective feature of the
revenue measure, so far as It applies
to the building up of an American dye
Industry.
Dr. Charles H. Herty, who is presi
dent of the American Chemical So
ciety, is a professor In the University
of North Carolina, a Democratic state.
He is, nevertheless, deeply concerned
over the future of American industry.
He is outspoken in his denunciation of
the action of Congress, and he de
clares the bill has been converted from
a protective measure into a "tax placed
upon the. consumer without the bene
fit of an assured home industry." As
Ach it becomes mere legislation in ft
favor of special interests for a rela
tively brief period, and does not meet
the demand of the people of the Na
tion for "adequate protective duties for
the encouragement and upbuilding of
a much-needed "industry." The claims
of the chemical industry for protec
tion are especially reasonable because
of initial difficulties in manufacture
and the character of the opposition to
be encountered after the war. It was
for the purpose of putting upon a per
manent basis the chemical industry of
the United States that protection was
asked. What it receives instead is a
measure purporting to give protection
but harnessed with conditions meant
to defeat its purpose.
the srraiT that is yorso.
Sarah Bernhardt, in America for
another farewell tour, is an Inspiring
example to those who mistakenly be
lieve that It is necessary for one to
grow old. The great French actress,
now In her seventy-first 'year, still
thrills with every new experience in
life, which is perhaps the reason why
she Is still young. Her recent crossing
of the Atlantic, the latter stage of
which was accomplished while the
German submarine U-53 was presumed
to be operating in the steamship lane,
gave her as much joy as a boy would
get out of his first trip to the circus.
Always on the lookout for something
to arouse her enthusiasm, she has no
trouble finding it. This is true of all
who habitually look on the bright side
of life. Her unfailing optimism, her
openmindedness, probably account for
her perennial youth.
It matters little that the divine
Sarah is compelled to use a sedan
chair for traveling. Most men and
women would have given up long be
fore under the ordeal that she has un
dergone. Critics say that her voice is
not what It once was, that It seems
strained in the higher speaking regis
ter, and tTiat it lacks some of its old
elocutionary quality, but these are
super-critics of the technic of the
drama and they miss the really valua
ble facts of life. It may be true that
Bernhardt, under the physical disad
vantages of her present position, is
not the same actress she was in her
early years, but if her audiences will
apply her own rule of life, of seeking
the best in everything, they will find
n her much that) is truly wonderful
and a vast deal to admire. If she were
dumb, she would be still a challenge
to the pessimists, who because of their
self-imposed gloom are -growing old
before their time.
Mme. Bernhardt's own recipe for
everlasting youth is a simple one. "My
star," she says, "is still in the ascendant
because I feel young. I take joy in
living because my spirit is always
young and will .never die." It is the
spirit that counts. But sshe has not
wholly neglected the material side, be
cause she wishes that the spirit shall
not be kept down by a decrepit tene
ment. Her regimen, too, is a simple
one. She is careful not to eat too
much, and results seem to have shown
the teachings of modern physicians in
this respect to be right. A glass of
milk and a baked potato are her daily
fare. It is years since she has tasted
meat. As for fruit and vegetables, she
does not preach against them, but she
makes use of them sparingly. It is
only that her present menu has proved
quite sufficient and that she is not
going to tempt the culinary fates.
If she should die tomorrow she
would have lived far longer as time
ought to bo counted than most cen
tenarians. Summed up, the reason
why she has been able to accomplish
so much and do it so well seems to
be that she has been prodigal in draw
ing upon the forces of spirit and ex
ceptionally abstemious otherwise.
WAR ON THE FORK BARREL.
One subject which President Wilson
has consistently ignored in both his
messages to Congress and his speeches
has been the pork barrel. He was
pledged byTiis platform to oppose ex
travagance and to practice economy.
The leaders of his party in Congress
Introduced river and harbor bills at
each session providing for wasteful ex
penditure of public money but Mr.
Wilson never lifted his voice against
them.
The fight against these bills was
made in the Senate by Theodore E.
Burton, so long as he remained a Sen
ator, and in the House by Represen
tative Frear. Both these men are Re
publicans and they were supported by
a strong body of Republicans. By
filibustering in the Senate they de
feated two successive bills and se
cured the appropriation of lump sums
to be allotted by Army engineers.
Whatever measure of economy has
been practiced In river and harbor ex
penditure is due to Republicans, who
have had little help from Democrats.
Plans to do away with the pork
barrel and to entrust the allotment of
funds for rivers and harbors to a non
partisan commission of experts have
been introduced in the Senate by Sen
ator Newlands, a Democrat, and in the
House by Mr. Frear, whose bill was
indorsed by all the Republican mem
bers of the rivers and harbors com
mittee, but they received no aid from
either Mr. Wilson or the Democratic
leaders iln Congress, and their bills
were either rejected or shelved.
Although Democrats have met Mr.
Hughes' criticisms of the Administra
tion with the question, "What would
you have done?" he has stated very
plainly what he would do. Not only
has he condemned the extravagance
of the Democrats; he has clearly out
lined his policy. In his speech at Chi
cago on August 8 he said:
I don't care If I am elected President
what becomes of mx personal political for
tunes. I propose that we shall have gov
ernment In a businesslike way. Now, In
a case of that sort (the river and harbor
bill) the obviously proper thing Is to have
a comprehensive expert study of the de
mands that may be Justly made of the
Federal Government and to have an un
derstanding -toy which those projects that
are really worthy and there" are many of
them shall have the encouragement and
the support that they deserve. But we
won't have any more. If I can stop it, of
these "kiss me and I'll kiss you" appro
priations in Congress.
Mr. Hughes' action as Governor of
New York proves that he will do as
he says. He does not shrink from an
arduous fight. He returned again and
again to the fight for the direct pri
mary and "against racetrack gambling
until he won. He refused to use his
executive power is approving or veto
ing bills or in making appointments to
win votes of unwilling legislators. He
disposed of each question on its merits
and when the Legislature rejected his
measures he appealed to the people
He won by proving that the people de
manded that which he favored, not by
trading, log-rolling or any species of
veiled intimidation.
We know from his acts that he
means what he says and that he will
make a fair, open fight. He will not
use pork-barrel methods to abolisbthe
pork barrel and thus entrench the evil
In new strongholds by driving It put
of the one it occupies. He never
shirked a duty because It required a
ight or because it would make ene
mies. Only by such a man and by
his methods can waste be eliminated
fro.m National affairs. The evil has
become so great that the people are
waking up to its enormity. When they
see Mr. Hughes making an open fight
against it, the people will back him
and will force Congress to yield to him.
He has pointed the way to a business
like Administration, which has become
a matter of the first importance when
Congress has voted nearly J 2, 000,000,
000 at a single session.
Advocates of a new form of road
building, especially where heavy traf
fic is to be provided for, base their
theory upon observation of railroad
construction and eareful comparison
of the part of the road that Is under
strain with Its entire width. It is
noted that a relatively small part is
worn down by the wheels of vehicles,
although when repairs are made it Is
necessary to treat the entire roadway,
or else have an unsatisfactory Job of
patchwork. The alternative proposed
is to provide trackways of specially
prepared material, which would bear
nearly all the traffic, and" it is esti
mated that they would lengthen the
life of the entire road to ten times
its present period. It Is agreed that
roads will be used more and more as
time runs on and that the point will
soon be reached where repairs to the
entire width under the present system
will be so costly as to be prohibitive.
The 1916 wheat crop is estimated to
be 50,000,000 bushels less than the
domestic needs of "the United States,
leaving only 100,000 bushels of last
year's surplus available for export.
Europe is demanding a much larger
quantity. That explains a pVice which
on October 1 was 27.6 per cent higher
than a year ago and 2 3.8 per cent
higher than the average for eight
years. The crop was deficient not only
in quantity but in quality, for Spring
wheat weighs only 51.4 pounds to the
bushel as compared with the usual
57.5 pounds. The deficiency extends
to crops in general, for the composite
condition is 5.5 per cent below the ten
year average, while last year It was
8 per cent above.
Great as Is the increase In net earn
ings of railroads during the year end
ing June 30. 1916. over the previous
year, namely, $330,830,283, it is mainly
a recovery of decreases in several pre
ceding years. The year 1913-14 showed
a loss of nearly $111,000,000 from the
preceding year and, though 1914-15
showed a slight recovery, its total was
about $50,000.0001ess than in 1909-10.
In the Interval, between $3,000,000,000
and $4,000,000,000 has been added to
the investment. The Pacific Coast
showed an increase of 34.11 per cent
in net earnings for 1916 over 1915
the Middle West led with an Increase
of 69.77 per cent, while the Southwest
is at the tail-end with 19.49 per cent.
Malheur County lost a good citizen
in the death Sunday of Thomas W.
Halllday. He was a member of the
colony that moved there from Nevada
a third of a century ago and demon
strated the agricultural possibilities of
Malheur through systematic irrlga
tion. The names of Halllday. Mallett,
Brown, Chandler and others wll be
remembered in that county long after
the men have passed.
The Willamette and Columbia riv
ers are in a fair way to become tho
Clyde of the Pacific Coast as regards
shipbuilding. The Alblna plant no
sooner showed what it could do by
repairing the Kenkon Maru No. 3 than
it attracted a contract from Norwegian
shipowners. Port and ships will soon
be as well known In all the great ports
of the world as is the product of the
Clyde.
Does Secretary of War Baker mean
to say that George Washington was
tho Villa of the United States or that
Villa is the George Washington of
Mexico? He will have some difficulty
In explaining his speech to the satis
faction of the Daughters of the Revo
lution.
The campaign Is producing its Visual
crop of political libel suits, most of
which die after the election. Most
politicians are careful of their repu
tation for political purposes only.
Many times, when a man thinks he
is compelled to secure a decree of
divorce on the ground of lntemper.
ance, his Is the blame for the Initial
temptation.
The three held up by a local high
wayman late Wednesday night are
wise men. The muzzle of a- gun pok
ing into a man's back is a sure per
suader
If disrupted Mexico can spend
million dollars In buying rolling stock
in the Middle West, a car shortage
in this "prosperous" Nation Is absurd.
The term "love pirate" does not de
note a new kind of man or woman.
It is simply an esthetic way of describ
ing action as old as the hills.
Wilson professes to believe In the
eight-hour day for trainmen, but the
railway postal clerk takes what little
relief Is given grudgingly.
Toothpicks have advanced In price,
but the restaurant man can recoup
through the fancy dishes.
The season of blizzards la beginning
early in Nebraska. The worst is due
In November.
There may be a bit of the Nebraska
blizzard on the club's field tomorrow.
The soup-bone market is steady with
rising prospects in sight.
Talking does not build cities, but
the right kind helps.
Post-season baseball, like turkey
hash, is dry stuff, -
How to Keep Well
By Dr. W. A. Evans.
Questions pertinent to bygiene. sanitation
and prevention of disease, if matters of gen
eral interest, will be answered in this col
umn. Where space will not permit or ths
subject is n-jt suitable, loiter will be per
sonally answered, subject to proper limita
tions and where stamped addressed envelop
Is Inclosed. Dr. Evans will not make diagnosis
or prescribe for Individual diseases. Re
quests for such services cannot be answered.
(Copyright, 191H, by Dr. W. A. Evans.
Published by arrangement wl the Chicago
Tribune.)
FIRST AID LESSONS "TATTGHT BT
THE WAR.
(Copyright. 1916, by Dr.' W. A. Evans.)
Hull In his book, "Surgery In War."
gives conclusions based on experiences
with the badly Infected wounds en
countered tn this war. The methods
of treating wounds are applicable tn
those factories and farms where wounds
are commonly badly Infected as shown
by the way they turn out.
The first aid package should be ap
plied at once either by the wounded
man or by a comrade. The first aid
package consists of a cyanide gauze
pad fixed to a bandage. The' object of
this dressing is to prevent the wound
from becoming further infected by the
clothing and by- dirY from the sur
roundings. Hull says the aphorism.
"The patient's life Is in the hands of
the man who applies the first field
dressing." is no longer true. The reason
is that the wound is already infected
when the dressing is applied.
At first the soldiers were provided
with ampoules, of 2 per cent Iodine to
sterilize the wounds, but it was found
that this was Impossible in the field. A
better application was found to be hy-
pochlorous acid powder dusted In the
wound. However, in badly infected
wounds it is best to apply the first aid
dressing without using tha antiseptic
In the earlier stages of the war harm
was done by leaving the first aid pack
age on too long, the theory being that
the wound was aseptic
As soon as the patient can be gotten
into an ambulance or hospital the first
aid dressing is removed, the wound
cleaned, and a new dressing applied.
If the wound is small and fairly clean
all blood and dirt, and shreds of tissue
are -removed and the wound and the
surrounding skin la painted with 2 per
cent iodine. The skin around is greased
with sterile grease. A dressing of cyan
ide gauze is applied.
For deeper wounds iodine Is not sat
isfactory. To disinfect these the Eng
lish are using compounds which they
call eupad and ensoL To make eupad
mix equal Quantities flnelv ground
bleaching powder and powdered boric
acid. The bleaching: powder must bo
taken from stock kept in closed con
tainers. Eupad must be kept tightly
sealed. When this powder is dusted in
a wound it yields chlorine, which sterll-
izes the wounded surfaces.
Ensol 25 grams (380 grains) of
eupad are shaken up with one liter
(one quart) of water, allowed to stand
for a few hours, then filtered through
cloth or filter paper. The wound can
be washed out with the solution and
then covered with gauze, or the solu
tion can be allowed to flow through
the wound for awhile and then a gauze
dressing: Is applied.
Carrel runs drainage tubes Into all
parts of the wound and continuously
irrigates the depths of the wounds with
Murphy drip. This is kept up until
the wound has become sterile. This is
the Carrel method.
The Wright method of treating badly
Infected wounds differs from the Carrel
method in that ho irrigates the wound
with salt solution. The wound is first
washed with the ensol solution, then an
apparatus is rigged up so that there
may bo a steady, continuous flow into
the depths of the wound and out again.
The irrigation commences with the use
of 5 per cent salt solution. When the
wound becomes clean normal salt solu
tion is substituted. If the wound Is
very dirty 10 per cent salt solution is
used.
Is TTnusnaL .
H. ... writes: "Please tell me what Is
the matter when a tooth is pulled and
does not heal up for three or four
weeks, the Jaw gets sore and lame, the
tonsil or something near it gets sore
and aches; also a foul salty taste
comes from the wound. That is the
way the first one acted? finally
healed up.
"To make sure the trouble did not
repeat all care was taken for fear in
fection had caused the trouble in the
second tooth pulling, but with all the
precaution the results are the same
five days and not healed. Jaw very sore
and also tonsil, dirty salty taste coming
from the wound.
"This same patient complains of an
ache in any part that gets struck
smart blow, like catching a ball; does
not sting naturally, but aches for some
time. Is there any bone or muscular
disease, lo you know?"
REPLY.
I do not know why these take place. The
gums should heal within a few days. In
fection of a socket, from which a tooth has
been drawn, very rarely happens. Is this
patient syphilitic? Has a Washerman test
been made T It Dot. make one.
Growing Fains.
"To settle a dispute in our class In
eighth grade, will you Inform me
through your column whether there Is
any ground tor the idea that a child
has growing pains during development
from Infancy to adult age?"
REPLY.
So-called growing pains - are rheumatic
pains. Ths most frequent cause -of these
pains Is bad tonsils.
Fattening; Feed.
M. H. writes: "1. Would like to
know if pure olive oil Is fattening, or
how it should be taken? I have a very
good appetite but keep very thin.
don't go outdoors very much; am
poor sleeper; the least thing disturbs
myynighfs sleep. 2. Is russolax fat
teningT
REPLY." ,
1. White olive oil Is a very good food. It
Is not the best fattening food. Ths proba
bility is that when you eat olive oil you burn
It Into beat and energy. To get fat. eat
good quanuty of bread, potatoes, meat.
vegetables and fruit and In addition eat a
bowl of milk and bread or rice with sugar
twice st day.
2. JCo.
Writing; a Novel.
Life.
"I hear that Piikins Is engaged in
literary work." "That's not so. All he
is doing is writing a novel according
to a publisher's prescription."
The Truth of It.
Buffalo (N. Y.) Courier.
Tom When you proposed to her I
suppose she said. "This is so sudden!"
Dick No; she was. honest and said,
"This suspense has. been terrible."
LAW IS ONLY FOR TRAIN CREWS
Adamson Law Applies to No Others.
Abolishes 100-Mile Basis.
THE DALLES, Or Oct. 18. (To the
Editor.) To settle a dispute, kindly
tell me If the new eight-hour bill just
passed includes switchmen, linemen,
etc, or does It just Include engineers,
firemen, brakemen and conductors?
Also does It eliminate the 100-mile limltT
Is it Just a straight eight-hour day?
A RAILROAD MAN.
The law applies only to employes en
gaged In the operation of trains. It
provides that, "beginning January 1,
1917, eight hours shall, in contracts for
labor and service, be deemed a day's
work and the measure or standard of
a day's work for the purpose of reck
oning the compensation for services of
all employes ... by any common
carrier by railroad who are now or may
hereafter be actually engaged In the
operation of trains." That seems to ex
clude switchmen, linemen, etc. espe
cially as the House rejected a proviso
offered by Representative Clark, of
Florida, that the law "shall also In
clude and apply to station agents, train
dispatchers, trackmen, office employes.
Workers In railway shops and all other
employes." By limiting the law to em
ployes "actually engaged In the opera
tion of trains" Congress intended to
limit It to engineers, firemen, conduc
tors, brakemen and others working ac
tually on trains, thus excluding switch
men, linemen and others, together with
station agents, dispatchers and others
Indirectly connected with operation of
trains.
By not mentioning the 100-mile run
as the alternative basis for reckoning
wagea the bill abolishes that basis and
makes eight hours the sole basis. To
that extent it establishes "a straight
eight-hour day," but only "for the pur
pose of reckoning compensation." The
railroads are Just as free as they were"
before the law was passed to keep men
at work any number of hours up to 16
in any 24 without Incurring any -penalty
for violation of law. It requires
the railroad to begin paying overtime
with the ninth instead of the 11th hour
as at present, and in arriving at the
amount to be paid for each hour of
overtime to divide the present day's
wage by eight Instead of 10. Hence It
is an advance of wages, not a reduction
of working hours.
GIBBON FAILIRE AS mOPUET
Historian Perhaps Swayed by Own
Hope oC Universal Peace.
PORTLAND, Oct. 19. (To the Ed
itor.) In reply to the correspondent
who thinks I should have cited Gib
bon more fully, let me say that the
excerpt quoted by me completes the
thonght, if not the sentence; the entire
sentence being stronger in support of
the subject matter than the portion
quoted. It is as follows:
But this superiority Insensibly drcllnd
with their isws and manners, and the
feeble policy of Constantino and his uccrii-
surs armfd and Instructed, for the rein of
the empire, the rudu valur of the barbarian
mercenaries.
The quotation noted by "J. A." Is
subject to his own criticism in that it
Is a detached series of sentences in an
entire paragrph and is the speculative
forecast of the future following the
author's statement that
Should these sacculations be found doubt
ful or fallacious, there still remains a more
humble source of comfort and hope. The
discoveries of ancient and modern navi
gators, and the domestic history, or tra
dition, of the most enlightened nations.
reprt-sentlnir the huinin mu. ,i-, naked bum
in mind and body, and destitute of laws,
of arts, or idras and almost of language.
From this abject condllhm, perhaii the
primitive and universal state of man. tie has
gradually arisen to command tne anima.s.
to fertilize the earth, to traversw the ocan
and to measure the heaveua. Ills progress
In the Improvement and exercise of his
imentat and corporal faculties has oven lr-S-vgular
and various: Infinitely slow in the
bcKlniilng, and Increasing by degrees with
redoubled velocity, axes of laborious ascent
have been followed by a moment of rai'ld
downfall; and the several climates of the
glote nave ten tlio vrcisaituo.es oi ugut ana
aarkn ess.
Gibbon was superb as an historian
but poor as a prophet. His epoch-
making history was written between
177S and 17S8. How far he listened with
credulity to the whispers of fancy and
pursued with eagerness the phantoms
of hope in the search for universal
peace Is evidenced by the fact that
within a year after th fourth volume
of his history came lrom the press
the furies of the French Revolution
broke forth to be followed hard upon
by the devastation of the Napoleonic era
and a series of wars during the 19th
century which culminated In the world's
earthquake of today.
Concerning the prognostications lead
ing to social preparedness I Join with
my initialed brother in fondly trusting
that age will perform the promises of
youth and the deficiencies or the pres
ent day will blazon forth in the rain
bow of tomorrow. JOHN F. LOGAN.
H'ARTIIIR LETS PEOPLE DECIDE
Verdict on State Dry Amendment Will
Guide Ulna In Casgrtaa.
PORTLAND. Or., Oct. 1. (To the
Editor.) Inasmuch as there has been
some inquiry as to mj position upon
the National prohibition question I
wish to make a public statement as to
how I shall vote if this issue Is pre
sented to Congress.
In ordinary legislative matters I
must rely upon my best Judgment as
to the views and wishes of my con
stituents, but where a question has
been voted upon at the polls by the
people of my district, I. as the repre
sentative of these people, must abide
by their Instructions.
The people of this district will, on
November 7. vote upon a proposed
amendment to the state constitution
prohibiting the importation of liquor
into Oregon. In considering this
amendment the people will have an op
portunity to express their views upon
a question that is so closely related to
National prohibition that there Is no
difference between them ldsofar as
Oregon is concerned.
Reaffirming my belief that the views
of all the people are of more concern
than the views of any class or faction.
I wish to state here and now that If
the pending amendment to the consti
tution of Oregon Is approved by the
voters of the Third Congressional Dis
trict on November 7 I will vote for Na
tional prohibition in Congress, and if
the pending amendment Is rejected by
the voters of this district I will oppose
the National amendment in Congress.
I do not propose to take an arbitrary
stand upon this question, or set my
Judgment above the views of any con
stituents, and I will abide by the re
sult of the district vote, whatever it
may be. . My stand on this question Is
in keeping with the principles of rep
resentative government, and my pledge
to the people is made to be kept, not
to be disregarded for political expe
diency. C. N. M' ARTHUR.
A Long Winter Ereaisg.
Judge.
Modern Child What do they mean by
a long Winter evening? Mother A
portion of the day which existed be
fore the era of movies and talking
machines.
Help! Aid! Relief! Succor!
Donaud Record.
The Record man is all out of both po
tatoes and wood. Will someone kindly
bring in some on subscription?
HI UiHtiom.
Detroit ,Free Tress.
"She believes everything he tolls
her." "Yes, but I un.1rsianU he loe?n't
tell her very much."
In Other Days
Twenty-five Yeara Ago,
From The Oregonlsn. October 20. 18P1.
London. Tho recent storms have
caused Immense damage to Britain's
rocky coast. Vessels have been wrecked
and lives lost.
Victorlen fiardou's great historical
play, "Cleopatra," was presented with
Fanny Davenport in the name role at
the Marqu&ru Grand last night.
J. B. Rose, president of the well
known Dr. Price Baking Powder Com
pany, with headquarters in Chicago,
is visiting In Portland.
Happy Jack Robertson was master
of ceremonies at the Elks stag social
last night.
A non-magnetic gold watch was pre
sented to Joseph Allison by the Port
land Exposition yesterday as "the
most popular conductor on the straet
railways of Portland."
J. T. Millar, of the California cot
ton mills, is in the city interviewing
capitalists with- reference to the es
tablishment here of a flax mill.
F. T. Bangs, a law partner of ex
President Cleveland, was in the city
with a number of prominent business
men of the country. Among others in
tho party was J. P. M. Richards, of
Spokane.
The body of N. S. Groves, well-known
newspaper man, was found on a log
at the foot of a trestle near Weldler's
mill in North Portland yesterday. On
the left side of his head was the wound
which had caused his death. It is
supposed he fell headlong from the
trestle.
Half a Century Ago.
From The Oregonian. October 20, 1866.
General Chamberlain's election In
Maine has astonished the Democrats,
who expected to win. and the New
York Herald and the Post, as well.
John Bruce has moved his ship and
boatbuilding plant to Astoria, close to
Captain Flavel's mill.
G. C. Holcomb. of the California
House, la seeking information as to
the whereabouts of James N. Holcomb.
who arrived from the States Septem
ber 23.
Salem. D. M. Condlt's black mare
on the walking race at the Fair
In 10-.2S.
J. H. Douthlt has been re-elected
president of the State Agricultural So
ciety. A. C. Schwatka was re-elected
correspond inar secretary and E. M.
alte recording secretary.
Among the notable exhibitors at the
Fair are C. P. Burkhart. of Linn Coun
ty; G. W. Hunt, of Sublimity: A. C.
Daniels, of Marlon County, and O.
Dickinson, of Salem.
There Is a petition out asking the
Governor to veto the bill amending;
the Portland charter so that the Mayor
and the City Councllmen shall receive
300 a year.
THREE QUESTIONS ARE ANSWERED
Significance of Federal Reserve and
Adamson Laws Pork la Defined.
CORVALLIS. Or.. Oct. 13. (To the
Editor.) Please state the significance
of the Federal reserve act and the
Adamson law; also the meaning of the
word "pork" as applied to the Demo
cratic Administration.
A WOMAN VOTER.
The Federal reserve . law provides
that tho reserves of National banks
shall be concentrated larpely 1n Fed
eral reserve banks and shall be the ba
sis of Federal reserve notes, which
shall be Issued in purchase of commer
cial paper from banks and in buying
exchange growing out 'of foreign trade.
By this means the reserves are mobil
ized and put to use, whereas they for
merly lay Idle In the banks. Also the
volume of currency increases or de
creases as the volume of business ex
pends or cpntracts. It makes panics
such as those of 1893 and 1907 practi
cally impossible.
The Adamson law makes eight hours
the basts for calculating the wages of
railroad employes enpraged in train
service. Its significance consists in
the fact that it was passed in haste
under threat of four labor unions to
strike and tie up the traffic of the Na
tion if it was not passed; it is the first
law passed'by Congress under coercion
from a section of the people. Also it is
the first attempt of Congress to fix
wages by law. It does not affect in
any manner the number of hours dur
ing which men may work continuously
on railroad trains. The legal limit Is
still 16 hours, as it was before the
Adamson law was passed.
Pork is a term applied to approprla-"
tions by Congress to serve the selfish
political ends of its members without
regard to the. merits of the pretended
purpose. It is a species of blackmail
levied by members who desire to hold
the favor of their constituents by mere
ly having public money spent in their
districts upon those members who wish
to appropriate money for projects of
real merit. For example, the purpose
of the river and harbor bill is to Im
prove the harbors which have com
merce and which may develop com
merce, also the great navigable water
ways. Either the members favorable
to these meritorious projects are too
few or they lack the noral courage to
make a fight against the demands of
those whose projects hare no merit.
Accordingly the bills Include appro
priations for projects without regard
to merit In the districts of enough
members to constitute a majority and
all those members vote against any
amendment to strike out any one ap
propriation lest the combination be
broken. A large part of the money
which should be expended on really
useful work Is thus diverted, to be ut
terly wasted. The same system is ap
plied to the public building bill, which
is as shameful a pork barrel as the
river and harbor bill.
Girl Favors South Portland Playgrounds
PORTLAND. Oct. 19. (To the Edi
tor). I have read with much Interest
the many communications published In
The Oregonian favoring the movement
to establish a park and playgrounds
in Marquam gulch. In South Portland.
I wish heartily to indorse the move
ment. During the past Summer I vis
ited many of Portland's beautiful and
restful parka I found every district
supplied but this one which needs it
most.
It makes one's heart ache to see the
many little children in South Portland
playing in doorways, hot, dirty streets
nnd gulches filled with piles of rub
bish. .,
1 hope a . park will be laid out and
playgrounds established. May the peo
ple of the South Portland district have
a share in the pleasures of life which
tend to make better cltlzeni.
PORTLAND GIRL.
It la Forbidden by Law.
ECGENK. Oct. IS. (To the Editor.)
Fleise tell me if it is against the
law for first cousin to rrmrry In Ore
gon.. A SUBSCRIBER,