10
THE MOnXTXO OREnOXIAS. TUESDAY, OCTOBER 17, 191G.
nan
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POKT1AXD. TCESDAY. OCT. 17. 1916.
WHO KEPT T7S OUT OT WAR?
The Democratic slogan, "Wilson
kept us out of -war," conveys the in
ference that the American people were
rushing: headlong: into war when Pres
ident Wilson halted them. It implies
that some other nation was at least
Willing: to fight the United States and
that this Nation was ready to meet
It at least half way when the President
broug-ht the people to their senses.
It implies that he, and no other man,
could prevent war.
It takes two to make a war as well
Its any other kind of quarrel. The
United States could not have got Into
war unless both it and some other na
tion had tjeen willing. It is well known
that the United States desired peace
with all nations. We were not rushing:
Into war; - we were not even percepti
bly moving- toward war. What other
nation desired war, or was rushing
Into war with us?
Some may reply: "Germany." Un
doubtedly our most serious diplomatic
controversy with any of the European
belligerents has been with Germany,
but what reason have we for believing
that that country would have pro
voked us to the extreme of joining
Its powerful league of enemies? In
Euch a situation Germany could have
had no motive except to gain a mili
tary advantage. Germany's purpose
naturally would be to inflict the great
est possible damage on its enemies
without suffering greater injury by in
curring fresh enmities. The United
States was the main neutral source of
supply of munitions, food, clothing,
many raw materials and money for
the allies. Germany's object was to
prevent these supplies from reaching
the allies and to go to the extreme of
safety in that direction. If Germany
crossed that limit, the United States
would join the allies and aid them
with unstinted supplies of all mate
rials they needed, and finally, if the
war lasted long enough for the United
States to train, organize and equip
armies, also with men. This help
might coma also at a stage when vic
tory would rest with the party which
could put fresh armies In the field.
The Kaiser and his military staff
are not so foolish as to array such
a force against them. It would many
times outweigh 'the utmost damage
they could do by the most ruthless
submarine warfare. War is the most
coldly calculating science. It counts
the value of any point in human lives
and expenditure of material. It would
say that overstepping the limit of
safety was not worth the cost.
The question then was: "What was
the limit of safety in dealing with
the United States?" To arrive at a
conclusion on that point it was neces
sary to consider the character, tem
perament and opinions of the rulers
and of the people, also the military
and naval forces and the resources
at their disposal. Germany saw in
President Wilson a , man who had
backed down to Britain in the Canal
controversy, who had seized Vera
Cruz and scuttled, who had expressed
sentiments of extreme pacifism and
nervous horror of war. It saw in
Secretary of State Bryan a man who
had outdone his chief in extremes
of pacifism, who had boasted that
there should be no war while he held
office and who denounced any addi
tion to the Nation's defenses as mili
tarism. It saw a Nation divided in
sympathy according to racial affinity
and stricken with horror at the war.
It saw a dominant party of like mind
with its two chiefs. A demand for
preparedness had arisen, but had
gained no great volume as yet. While
every neutral in Europe was mobiliz
ing its army, the United States added
not a man, a gun or a ship beyond
those provided before war began, and
the President denied the need of any
addition.
That would be the German analysis
of the position of the United States
In February, 1915. when the subma
rine war was proclaimed. Germany
could not fight on the surface of the
6ea, but could do deadly work with
the new war vessel provided it was not
held to the rules devised for surface
vessels. The .Falaba was sunk on
March 28, 1916, with one chance
American aboard, and no protest was
made. The inference was that the
'strict-accountability" note was mere
words, and the Lusitania was sunk.
Mr. Wilson sent another threatening
note, but made no move to increase
his- forcTes to meet contingencies, and
Bryan's continued presence at the
State Department was a pledge that
no force would be exerted. Therefore
Germany humored Mr. Wilson by
writing letters, but continued to sink
ships, finding that it had not passed
the limit of safety.
But during 1915 the preparedness
movement seized the whole Nation
and in December was taken up by the
President. At the same time he be
came firmer in his demand for dis
avowal of the Lusitania affair. He
insisted that the warning resolution
be rejected by Congress and he suc
ceeded. When the Sussex was tor
pedoed and he threatened to sever dip
lomatic relations, Germany was con
vinced by the temper of people and
Congress and by the defense bills then
under consideration that there was
rorce behind his words, that the limit
of safety had been passed and that it
was necessary to draw back in order
to keep us out of war.
Then who kept us out of war? Not
President Wilson, but Kaiser William.
He was resolved from the first to keep
us out of w, though' he was re
solved also to use his forces to the
utmost consistent with not drawing us
into war. So long as his methods
seemed unlikely to draw us in, he did
not change them. When there was
real danger of their drawing us in, he
did change them. Had the President
done in the Spring of 1915 that which
he did In the Spring of 1916 there is
good reason to believe that the Kaiser
would have done a year earlier that
which he did finally to keep us out
of war.
IS AMERICA WORTH PRESERVING t
From the rusty scrapheap of the
1912 Democratic National platform
The Oregonian rescues this gem of re
sounding bluff and bluster.
The constitutional rights of Ameri
can citizens should protect them on
our borders and go with them tlirouglx
out the world; and every American
citizen residing In or having property
in any foreign country is entitled to
and must be given the full protection
of the United States Government, both
for himself and liis property.
Let some of the Democratic orators
now hot-footing over the state In the
interest of Woodrow Wilson and their
own jobs, present or prospective, de
vote a few minutes to the above
well-nigh forgotten declaration.
Let us hear from them if American
lives and American rights have been
protected and safeguarded in Mexico.
If not, why not?
If they are not to be held safe un
der the American flag, how does the
President intend to achieve the Great
er America about which he talks so
eloquently?
If America is to have no foreign in
vestments or interests, how is Amer
ica to maintain itself as a Nation?
If it is desirable to have such in
vestments and interests, how is It to
bo done?
How can American labor be em
ployed and American products sold
and American profit secured without
foreign trade?
Can America live by Itself and for
Itself alone?
FOB A NF.W NORMAL SCHOOL.
A well-organized and well-supported
movement is under way to establish
a state normal school at Pendleton.
It has the approval of educators
prominent in the service of the state
and of the leaders in social, welfare
and institutional work in all parts of
Oregon. '
It is Impossible to deny the force
of the argument for properly trained
teachers in the schools of the state.
It has been shown that the equipment
at Monmouth is quite inadequate to
meet the demands upon it; and it is
likewise true enough that a great area
of Oregon is but poorly served by a
single Institution. That is not at all
the fault of the Monmouth Normal,
which has proved its worth. The con
dition is responsible. AVestern Oregon
gets 50 per cent of Monmouth's grad
uates, while Eastern Oregon gets but
5 per cent.
A few years ago in Oregon there
was a vigorous and successful protest
against the Normal School combine,
and it led to abolishment of them all,
with later restoration of a single
school. The basis of attack on the
schools was mainly their political
methods. The educational machine in
Oregon was a powerful factor in its
legislation and politics; and It had
to be broken. It was broken. Now
the Old method of barter and trade
for school appropriation, corrupting
and demoralizing every Legislature, is
gone, and a millage tax each institu
tion having its own resources and hav
ing no embarrassing or entangling al
liances with any other is provided
for the State University, Agricultural
College and Normal School.
The old days. and the old ways are
gone; and it is up to the people of
Oregon to determine whether they
can and will respond to a genuine and
legitimate demand for adequate fa
cilities in the training of teachers.
"INTERESTS" AND HX.GIIES.
The Oregonian says: "None know better
than the old guard that the Interests need
hopa for nothing from him (Hughes)."
Against the assertion of The Oregonian It
Is noted that these same "interests' are
solidly backing him. If they expect noth
ing from him, why this unanimity?"
Salem Capital-Journal.
A strange feature of the partisan
opposition to Mr. Hughes is that it
credits him with alliances which his
entire public record shows he has not
made and will not make.
The "interests" are not solidly back
ing Mr. Hughes. Witness the support
of Mr. Wilson by President Lovett,
of the Union Pacific, and President
Underwood, of the Erie. It may be
supposed that the railroads are repre
sentative "interests."
Or is the reference to Boss Murphy,
the Tammany chieftain, and his polit
ical organization? Tammany is for
Wilson, and there are signs that Tam
many has established satisfactory
communication with the White House.
What else do recent manifestations of
the Presidential interest in jobs for
Tammany mean?
Or perhaps it is the "gas" interest
which is meant? Roger Sullivan, the
gas magnate of Chicago, who follows
politics as an avocation, is for Wilson.
So is Thomas F. Ryan, the streetcar
millionaire. And there are others.
If "business" is for Hughes, is not
Wilson also for business? He says
so. He has said it recently many
times. He has cooed and billed to
business, and calmed its fears, or tried
to calm them, and In many ways so
licited its co-operation and friend
ship by words and has done noth
ing for business and done much to
harm it.
Business Is against President Wilson
because it has no confidence In his
Administration and does not know for
two days running where he stands.
POLES IX SOCTII AMERICA.
If it is true that the Russian gov
ernment is planning to foster coloni
zation of Poles in South America, as
is reported from Petrograd, the move
ment will mark a departure from the
customary policy of that government.
Despite the vast population of the
Russian Empire, estimated recently
at 185,000,000, with an annual in
crease of more than 4,000,000, Russia
has not appeared among the nations
encouraging emigration of its own
inhabitants. The great area of Rus
sia is in proportion to Its population
and there is room for many millions
more before the food problem will be
come at all acute; in addition to which
the Czar - is credited with definite
colonization ambitions in the direction
of certain regions in Northern China
contiguous to his own Asiatic Russia.
One explanation suggested is that
I the Poles have proved a thorn in the
side .of the Russian conservatives ever
since formation of the Duma, and that
it is desired to reduce their relative
political power by finding homes for
them elsewhere. The Polish people
long have been strong individualists;
they charge their lack of development
in their own country to repressive
measures rather than to lack of Polish
enterprise; they assert that in a freer
atmosphere they would take a place
among Russians corresponding, for
example, to that of the Bohemians in
Austria.
The plan of colonization to which
reference is made is said to contem
plate the sending of 400,000 or 600,
000 Poles to Venezuela. This would
be a boon to Venezuela, and perhaps it
might work out to the advantage of
the new arrivals. The South Ameri
can country Is rich in natural re
sources and, so far as its soil is con
cerned, it could feed a goodly part of
the world. Its need has been an in
dustrious citizenship. The present
population of mixed Latin and Indian
is temperamentally better fitted for
revolution than for continuity of ef
fort in the direction of domestic de
velopment. The Poles have proved in the United
States that they are willing to work
long and hard to attain an end. In
dolence is not one of their vices.- But
the question whether the native Vene
zuelans will take kindly to them after
they have become prosperous and
whether the Russian government will
concern itselA with their protection
after they have cut loose from the
mother country are questions that
only the future can determine.
DRY BCT WET.
Once more there is opportunity to
marvel upon the agility with which
the wet forces jump to conclusions.
A kind friend has sent us a little hand
bill which was circulated among the
attendants at a game recently played
in Omaha between pennant teams of
the American Association and Inter
national League. The bill reprints
the following from the St. Louis
Sporting News:
Manager "Prank Chance, of the Los
Angeles team, declared that the three trips
his team made to Portland this year have
cost flO.OOO more than, the club's share of
the receiiits. and Chance, as a stockholder
In the IvjS Angeles club. Is strong for drop
ping rortland from the Coast circuit. On
the last visit of the Los Angeles to Port
land they drew 1500 on Saturday. 1S0
on Sunday and 150 was the daily average
for the other days of the series.
The comment In display letters Is
this: "Portland is a prohibition city.
The same thing will happen to Omaha
If prohibition carries November 7,
1916."
The misfortunes of Mr. Chance in
Portland would be every bit as good
argument against direct legislation or
woman's suffrage. The unvarnished
truth is that it rained during each of
the three series In Portland in which
Los Angeles participated. In the week
which showed so low an average of at
tendance it rained on Saturday -and
was cold and threatening on Sunday,
while -on Tuesday the Los Angeles
team arrived and played after public
announcement that it had missed
train connections at San Francisco.
The vagaries of the weather often
are subject of much unjust abuse, but
this is the first time they have been
laid at the door of prohibition. Still,
if prohibition will produce mid
Summer showers and cool weather,
Omaha, from what we have heard, can
afford to dispense with a little base
ball in order to get them.
PRINTING: STATE TEXT-BOOKS.
Agitation for the printing within the
state of the school text-books used in
the schools of the state, based as it is
on the unsound economic ground that
it "makes work" for more printers by
requiring labor that is unnecessary be
cause it already has been once per
formed, finds scant encouragement in
a recent article by Marsden G. Scott,
president of the International Typo
graphical Union, published in the of
ficial organ of the union. Mr. Scott
aims his shafts at what is called the
"leased plate system," and says that
this system "has not one redeeming
feature to commend it," and warns of
ficers and members of subordinate
unions to be on their guard against its
introduction in their respective Juris
dictions. He does not oppose the state
printing of text-books it is the use of
plates leased from the publishers of
such books which he denounces but
it would seem clear to any student of
economics that the resetting of typo
that already has been set is so absurd
a proposal on the face of it as to call
for no argument. There are so many
better uses to which the money of the
people of the state and the productive
labor of its workmen can be devoted.
The history of tlie movement toward
state publication of text-books is in
teresting. As Mr. Scott points out, and
as those -of an earlier day among
teachers on the Pacific Coast will re
member, local . authorship and state
publication traveled hand in hand in
the first stages in California from
18S3 to 1903. The absurdity of re
stricting authorship to the limits of
the state was so great that it even
tually impressed itself, even upon ex
tremists. The people, in their inner
most consciousness, do want the best
facilities that are to be had for the
education of their children. If the
state happened to number among its
inhabitants a high authority upon a
branch of education, or an organiza
tion technically equipped for research
and publication, well and good; but
this was not always indeed, it was
seldom true. Text-books often are
the product of the minds of many
men. and quite frequently that of"
scholars whose sphere of usefulness Is
not restricted by state lines. So-called
"state pride" should not. and it seems
did not, go for any great length of
time to the foolish extreme of refusing
to seek in the country as a whole the
best in each branch of study. So state
authorship died a natural death, as
was reasonably and inevitably to have
been expected.
Accepting the principle that the best
was none too good for the child at
school, the authorities charged with
the task of publishing school books
found that they could lease the plates
of acceptable standard works. This
was done in California, where the use
of these plates is obtained for periods
of four and eight years, on the basis
of a royalty for each book distributed,
and in Kansas, which began in 1913
with state authorship, but in 1915
modified the system to permit leasing
of plates for text-books on geometry,
composition and rhetoric, physics and
Latin prose composition. "It is evi
dent," finds Mr. Scott, "that local au
thorship of text-books in California
and Kansas has been sent to the junk
heap." The conclusion seems wholly
justified. In its place has been sub
stituted "state manufacture" from
leased plates. If the state is to "man
ufacture" its books, the use of leased
plates would be economically sound,
because, as we have said, it would be
the height of economic folly to set the
type unnecessarily all over again,
merely to "create employment"; while
state authorship has gone the natural
way that all narrow sectionalism is
bound to go in the light of reflection.
There is another phase of the ques
tion in its relation to the labor em
ployed in the, making of school books.
The president of the Typographical
Union points out that thousands of
union printers are employed in print
ing offices in which school text-books
are now manufactured. In one com,
posing room in an Eastern city no less
than 22,000 pages of book composition
was done by union compositors in a
single year. In the same period 3600
pages of advertising matter were put
in type in the same office. This com
pany Issued 126 volumes in the
same year, which Is about the average
number published annually. There are
nearly sixty text-book publishers on
the "fair list" of the union. From
twelve to fifteen hundred new school
books are issued each year in the
country, in the endeavor to produce
and to continue to produce the truly
excellent. Under the leased plate sys
tem, says Mr. Scott, incentive for the
production of new text-books would
cease to exist. Thousands of printers
employed producing new books and
"circulars, booklets, catalogues and
other advertising matter would be
thrown out of employment. Clearly,
the advantages of the employment of
merely a few men locally would be
swept away by the Injury to the craft
at large.
The truth that the text-book ques
tion from the viewpoint of the educator
is concerned first with the welfare
of the young student is recognized In
the plain statement that "the best
books are those which are obtained
through competitive publishers." These
are the words of the typographical
union president, addressed to union
printers throughout the country. He
does not "quarrel with state author
ship," but state authorship already has
been punctured, and his declaration
that the best books are obtained
through competitive publishers fur
ther disposes of it. Unnecessary re
setting of type falls to the ground
of its own economic weight. Clearly
the best interests of the schools de
mand the widest range of selection,
the best obtainable, in the home state
or elsewhere, regardless of any minor
consideration.
There is another opportunity for
home industry in the production of
Russian grammars In the United
States. The University of Washing
ton, having established a class in Rus
sian through the benefaction of Sam
uel Hill, has found it necessary to
send to England for elementary text
books, and it is not certain that the
books can be obtained there. Other
universities, including that at Berke
ley, have been similarly disap
pointed. The so-called "conversation
al" method of Imparting the language
is only partly successful in the case
of Russian, which is a highly inflected
language. In which formal grammar
consequently is important to those who
desire to acquire cultivated fluency.
Fortunately for prospective students,
there is no shortage of the supply of
Russian alphabets, and the mastery of
this difficult preliminary will serve to
keep the students reasonably busy
while grammars are being obtained.
There are two ways of committing
suicide producing like results. One is
to blow down a shotgun and the other
to break the last commandment. The
man up in Klamath County who chose
the latter plan is dead and the in
jured husband has satisfaction. These
incidents are of frequent occurrence,
but, like hanging, do not stop the of
fense they are intended to check. Man
is man and woman Is woman, while
the other man Is a villain.
Virgil O. Bogue, the civil engineer,
was one of the builders of the West,
having planned and built-Iarge parts
of several transcontinental railroads.
His work brought him into close asso
ciation with Portland and he had a
high estimate of this city's splendid
position as a seaport. He was not a
talker, but his few words were weighty
with wisdom drawn from his long and
varied career. His works are his
monument.
When a railway company whose
lines permeate well-settled districts
reports a deficit for the year it means
the people who should patronize those
lines are not doing normal business.
This condition can be traced to effect
of the tariff of March 1, 1914, if the
victim is not too disgusted to make
the attempt.
The Oregonian says: "A Cottage Grove
woman has a hon that lays an epg and s
half In a day and a half. 'J Nothing so re
mprkable about that. Now If the woman
had a hen and a half that laid an egg and
a half In a day and a half It would be some
thing to brag about. Seattle Argus. ,
It might. In Seattle, but not in Ore
gon, where the hen equals the frac
tional fowl In the suggestion.
Thnt Ohio man who shot an objec
tionable suitor of his daughter and
committed suicide paid too high price
for having his way. He would better
have allowed the women-folk to run
those affairs and contented himself
with "kicking" afterward.
Weariness of war is not confined to
Austria; it extends through all the
belligerent countries. Unless decisive
success is soon won by one party, the
exhausted people may end It with the
cry, "What's the use?"
Difficulties in the way of 'buying
Europe's art treasures have put a pre
mium on those already in the United
States, but the same difficulties have
provided Americans with the means
to pay the price.
Dr. Brougher, who drops in occa
sionally to knock the shackles off
care, is here for a brief visit. If Dr.
Brougher were not a clergyman he
would pome oftener and be billed ex
tensively. Recognition of the revolutionary
government In Greece by the allies
promises to place them on one side of
a revolutionary war. In which they
should be able to crush the King's
party.
Give the credit where it belongs, to
the young business and professional
men who are standing by Portland and
upholding her through thick and thin
and fearsome days.
It's costing something to grease the
griddle these days. Even tallow rises
Just as the season approaches for the
rural denizen to grease his boots.
Hard times are the good times of
the cobbler, for everybody sends the
bid shoes to him for repairs. We are
not all cobblers, however.
Many who think they cannot afford
turkey Thanksgiving day will have an
other thought coming the day after
election.
Is this campaign to pass without a
few speeches by State Senator Kel
laher on the most essential topic?
Honorable Emerinus Versteeg, war
horse of fifty years, is preparing for
the worst.
There is economic gain in the use
of home-made goods and the label is
the sign.
If the price of shoes continues to
soar, It will soon be above our hats.
Many ride In jitneys who
think." That's the trouble, -
"don't
Gleams Through the Mist
Br Dean Collins.
N. JflTTS OX NON-INTERVENTION.
Kesclus Nltts, he whose sage conver-
sation
Was looked on with awe by all punkln-
dorf Station,
Suspended a moment his quid's masti
cation. Sat, sunk for a minute In deep medi
tation. Then on non-intervention he made dis
sertation. "I see by the papers them Dlmmycrats
bubble
With pride o'er their work In the Mex
ican trouble,
Admlttln' themselves to be wonderful
for
Their keepln the country plumb, clean
out of war.
Which 'minds me how Constable Scrog-
gin, they say.
Disposed of the fight of the Briggses
one day.
"Now Theophile Briggs and his wife.
son and daughter.
They never was peaceful the way that
they'd orter.
And llvin right next to the Constabule,
too.
He could hardly look over the things
they might do. -And
it used to jest worry him night
after night.
The way them there Briggses would set
up and fight.
"His wife and the neighbors they
thought it a sin.
But still didn't feel that they'd orter
bust In,
Till Briggs and his wife got to throwln
things round
Plum over the fence onto nelghborln'
ground.
And annoyln' the neighbors until they
a&ya: "Here.
It's up to xou, Constabule. to inter
fere." "But Constabule Scroggln be answers
"em: "It
Is better that I should observe 'em a
bit;
And when I determine who Is, on the
square.
The head of the family. I start workln
there.V
That may be all right.' Mrs. Scroggin.
says she,
But what of that stick that flew-wlde
and hit me?
"Then Scroggin reminds Briggs that
he's Conitabule.
And Briggs says: 'Go on! You're a
blanky-blank fool!'
'Oh, am I? says Scroggin, 'Am I fer a
fact?
I'm comin" right over and make you re
tract. s
And he opened the gate Just to give 'em
a fright.
And made like he's comin' right In there
to fight.
"And then he corne back and Briggs'
young son sezzee:
'I'll fix that there guy if he don't let
us be!'
Arid so he came Into the yard on the
run
And blacks both the eyes of the Con-
stabule's ton;
And Scroggin climbs over Briggs' fence.
then, he "did.
To catch and to paddle that impudent
kid.
"And Briggs grabs a club and says
he'll assist.
And he slams at the kid but hit Scrog-
gin's wrist.
And then seizes: 'You better beat it,
old man.
While I run my family the best way I
can.'
And Scroggin goes back and h. gits
him a gun, '
And he calls out his dog and his other
growed aon.
"And they comes to the fence and they
glares at Briggs there.
And 'low they are goin" to lick him fer
fair;
And Briggs apologizes and homeward
they goes.
And Brlggs's young son puts his thumb
to his nose.
And they started agin' rowln' round
all the while,
Disturbin' the neighbors fer more'n a
mile.
"And Briggs he says: "Scroggln's a
fool. I've a mind
To lick him. as I kin with one hand
behind'; "
And he picks up a rock and he heaves
It and throws
And hits Mrs. Scroggin right square on
the nose.
And Punklndorf Station was wonderln',
too.
Jest what, in the crisis, that Scroggin
would do.
"And Scroggin come down, with no sign
of dejection.
To town (he was runnln' for his re
election). And says to us there: You'll admit.
friends, as how
I handled quite clever that there
Briggses row.
And stopped 't without any fightln.
as well.'
And we all looks at him and says: 'Yes
llk'ell!'"
"Sir." said the Courteous Office Boy.
perching upon an olive branch and
smiling down at me.
"What is it. son?" I queried.
"I have another song which I 'have
predigested for the use of the paclfistio
teachers who object to the military ref
erences in our patriotic poetry."
VRel. my boy." I urged, and the C. O.
B. chanted the following modified ver
sion of Holmes' inexcusably blood
thirsty pome. "Old Ironsldea."
' OLD IRONSIDES.'
Aye, tear her faded ensign down;
Long has it waved on high.
And many a person has admired
Its colors 'gainst the sky;
Beneath it, nice pink teas were held.
And wine was drunk no more
But It is rather faded now.
So we'll have to throw it o'er.
Her deck, now nicely scrubbed and
mopped.
Is really a delight.
Yet on It, so 'tis understood.
Bad sailors used to fight;
No more we'll let them use it thus.
But rather we will be
Careful to take away her fame
As an eagle of the sea.
O better that her shattered hulk
Should sink beneath the brine.
Than she should feel the rhythmic tread
Of young marines in line;
Take down that naughty battle flag.
Put lace around each sail!
Let dogs delight to bark and bite.
Not we Hail. Daniels! Hail!
(Note? I realize that "Ironsides" is
a rough, harsh name, but I could not
think of another on the spur of the
moment. I might suggest "Old Corru
gated Iron Sides." The C. Q.,B.)
SPOILS AND SECRECY.
Before his election Freslcfent
Wilson was vice-president of the
Civil Service Reform Lea-rue and
pledged himself to "pitiless pub
licity" About public, affairs.
He was elected on a platform
declaring that "the law pertain
ing to the civil service should be
honestly and rigidly enforced, to
the end that merit and ability
should be the standard of ap
pointment and promotion."
President Wilson approved
bills excepting employes of the
Income Tax Bureau, the Federal
Reserve Board, the Federal Trade
Commission, the Federal Farm
Loan Board and of United States
Marshals and internal revenue
collectors from the civil service
law.
He approved of the actio of
Postmaster-General Burleson In
usinr civil service examinations
to place Democrats In fourth
class postof flees. The Civil Serv
ice Commission refused to give
the Civil Service Reform League
access to its records on this sub
ject, and the President approved
Its action.
INJUSTICE TO STREET RAILWAY
Its Competitors Are Relieved of Exac
tions That Affect Profits.
PORTLAND, Oct. 15. (To the Editor.)
Referring to the article by E. J. Ellis
on the Jitney problem. In which he says
the streetcar company Is responsible
for all its present troubles and that Mr.
Clark's remarks are hurting this city
and state, I do not think he has under
stood the arguments on the other side.
I am not connected with the company
in sny way, but. as It appears to me,
the points are ss follows:
The streetcar pays over 15 per cent
of Its gross Income to the citv and state
In the way of taxes, etc. The Jitney
probably pays X per cent.
The streetcar company Is saddled
with a heavy Investment In Improve
ments on paving and maintenance. The
jitney has no such expense, although
both use the streets.
The Jitney bus runs only at such
hours and over such streets as are most
profitable. The streetcar has no such
privilege.
If the company Is forced into a re
ceiver's hand, it will mean curtailment
of service and probably cutting out
lines that do not prove profitable. This
will hurt the city, and, as Mr. Clark
states, the present and future adver
tising the city and state will get will
hurt It, as it Is a notice to the world
that we will not treat Investments fair
ly and on an equal basis with competing
business, especially If the investment
b from outside sources. We are claim
ing to give splendid opportunities to
capital and are asking it to invest, but
I do not see any inducement to capital
to invest the way we treat the Jitney
problem.
Great claims are made by muckrak
ers and others that the public will treat
Its utilities Justly, but there has been
no great instance In this or any other
state that makes utilities anxious to
trust the public any more than neces
sary. There have been shining exam
ples In the past of corporation misman
agement, but that Is no reason for mis.
treating them when they are down and
out. especially as the public claims to
be fairer than the corporations.
The whole thing can be considered
In the light of a fight between what
the corporation and the public wants.
If one side or the other gets much more
than its share, there is a resctlon in
which both suffer, hut the public will
suffer the more every time. If the
corporstions make too much money,
others will offer something else to get
some of the profits, hut if the public
Insists on too much, there are no fur
ther developments. F. O. B.
IS PRESIDENT SECOND LINCOLN
Then Why n Solid South Which Votes
on Antl-Llncoln Traditional1
GOLD BEACH, Or.. Oct. 11. (To the
Editor). I noticed In The Oregonian
October 7 a letter written by one S. T.
Adams, of San Francisco, who says he
la a vetersn of the Civil War. As I.
too, carried a musket from '63 to '65. I
wish to challenge one of his assertions,
and remind him that he has strayed
into the enemy's camp.
What I seriously object to In Mr.
Adams' letter la this:
While It Is true that Mr. Lincoln, whose
memory I revere, and I am by no means a
hero worshiper, was not nominally a Demo
crat, he was from the people, of the people,
and for the people, and 1 venture the asser
tion that if he were living today he would
align himself with the policies and practices
of Mr. Wilson and his friends rather than
with those of his opponents and traducers.
In other words. Mr. Adams would
have us believe that Mr. Lincoln. If
alive today, would vote with and be one
of the men who for four years tried to
destroy the Government which he
saved. No, no, Mr. Adams. Abraham
Lincoln, If alive, would call upon all
of his old veterans to stand by the
great Republican party, which he
formed, and vote for Charles E. Hughes.
Mr. Adams speaks for Mr. Wilson's
"policies and practices." but does not
tell us what they are. The fact Is that
Wilson has no policies which he does
not change over night if he thinks he
can get votes by so doing. Mr. Wil
son's practices, however, are -so many
that one can't keep track of them.
Such practices are what Mr. Adams
feeds on, and thinks they are all right.
I wish to remind Mr. Adams that the
Solid South Is for Wilson to a man. re
gardless of his policies, and that fact
alone ought to send him back to the
Republican camp. Mr. Adams tells us
that he believes that if Mr. Wilson Is
re-elected he will solve the Mexican
problem. As Mr. Wllso- has been try
ing to solve that problem during the
last three years, and conditions in Mex
ico and on the border have grown
worse than when he undertook the Job,
the people will take little stock In the
"practices" of Mr. Wilson, and elect
Charles E. Hughes President.
J. HUNTLEY.
Hospitals 1st Roieborg.
ASTORIA. Or.. Oct. 14. (To the Ed!-,
tor.) Please state how many, and the
names of the hospitals there are in
Roseburg, Or. E. A, R,
Roseburg has three hospitals. Mercy
Hospital Is conducted by the Sisters
of Mercy, and was established about
seven years ago. Recently the Mc
Clallen Hotel was transformed into a
sanitarium for handling cases needing
electric baths, etc. Two local physi
cians are In charge of the latter es
tablishment. The county also con
ducts a private hospital in connection
with its home near the city. All
physicians are admitted to Mercy Hos
pital, which caters to all classes of
cases and patients.
Inheritance tr IIatf-Bloo4 Relatives.
VERONIA. Or.. Oct. 14. (To the Edi
tor.) If Brown should die leaving a
will and children and his wife should
marry again, could her children by a
second marriage share with Brown's
children In mining property left in
California by one of Brown's children?
And If so, what part could tliev get?
SUBSCRIBER.
Under the civil code of California
kindred of the half-blood Inherit
equally with those of the whole-blood,
in the same degree, unless the In
heritance come to the intestate by de
scent, devise or gift of some one of his
ancestors, in which case all those who
are not of the blood of such ancestors
must be excluded from such inheritance.
In Other Days.
Twenty-five Years Asra.
From the Oregonian of Oct. 17, 1891.
ChirsrA W-t 1 It T-, c-. -
- - w t i.i ana
Stripes, It was decided today, are to
auuve me ground during the
world's fair, from an American towef
that will out-Eiffel Paris. The builder
is to be Andrew Carnegie, of Pitts
burg, a
San Francisco. Oct. 16. The quar
ters of the Pacific Athletic Club In the
new Wigwam building were crowded
tonight on the occasion of the benefit
tendered Jack Dempsey. toe well
known pugilist, by his San Francisco
admirers. Fully 2500 people were
present, including many of the most
prominent sporting men of the Coast.
Guy Stryker returned from Mt St,
Helens last night and related an ex
citing adventure with a bear. He was
up the mountain taking In the scenery
when he espied a bear as big as a
house. Guy had nothing but a gun
loaded with bird-shot, so he took to bin
heels and went down the mountain.
He returned with a rifle, but the bear
was gone.
More meu have been sent the past
week to work in the Myrtle Creek
placers. One hundred and eighty men
are now employe there and the pay
roll this month will amount to over
15000.
Palles City Is plucky. It has been
swept by fire four times, and each
time the people have come to the front
with renewed confidene In the future
of their town. Destructive u the last
conflagration was. the people have not
lost heart, and are determined to re
build the town on a grander scale than
ever.
n Half a Century Ago.
From the Oreiconlaa of Oct. IT, 16.
New York. Oct. 14. Foreign files to
October 14 contain the following: At a
banquet in honor of the cable, a mes
ssge was received from the Queen
which conferred knighthood upon a
number of the cable promotera. The
Queen says her reason for not confer
ring distinguished mirkn of her favor
upon Cyrus W. Field was an appre
hension that it might encroach upon
the province of his own government.
Salem. OcL 15. The fair opened here
this morning with prospects muc.i
fairer than the opening day last year.
The attendance of visitors ts very fair.
We learn from John O'DonaM. who
Is down from Colville. that quite an
excitement existed at that place at the
time he left in regard to some very ex
tensive mining ground Just discovered
on Arrow Lake, about halfway be
tween Colville and tlie Big Bend coun
try. Nearly the whole population of
Colville stampeded for the new dig
gings. The steamer Montana reports that
when off Cape Blanco great numbers
of porpoises were met. The sea was
running high and a strong northwest
erly gale was blowing. Yet they went
tumbling on. undismayed by the war of
the elements also a large school of
whales, about 100 In number. What
next? We wait and wonder.
We learn that on yesterday a com
pany was organise! In this city for tx
purpose of building such boats snd
other nrrrwary means of transporta
tion as shall Insure a safe and speedy
mode for travel and freight from the
O. ts. N. Company's line of boats to
Montana. The company will be called
the Oregon Sc Montana Transportation
Company.
TAZWELL AND 1113 FRIEND COnEX
Responsibility for Temporary Appoint
ment to Municipal Judgeship.
rORTLAXP, Oct. 16. (To the Ed
itor.) I read with amazement in The
Sunday Orcnoni.tn the published letter
of ex-Munirlpal Judge Tazwell ad
dressed to the Mayor, requesting the
appointment ff Max G. Cohen to serve
during the former's absence from the
city. In view of the oft-repeated decla
rations publicly and privately made by
Judge Tazwell denying responsibility
for such appointment, the publication
of this letter comes as somewhat of a
shock.
However, what surprises me more
than all else Is the statement In Judsr
Tazwell'a letter of recommendation and
request for Cohen's appointment, that
the latter "will serve without pay!" To
me this looks very suspicious, espe
cially so in view of the action of
the grand jury indicting Cohen for a
transaction occurring while thus serv
ing for Judse Tazwell. The thought
naturally suggests itself, was it con
templated that Max G. Cohen should
receive no pay for serving as Municipal
Judge, expecting to be compensated in
other ways?
While I have always been a Repub
lican. I have never considered myself
bound to vote for an unfit candidate
for any office, and more especially so
when an unfit or improper candidate
seeks an Important judicial position.
REPUBLICAN.
CHANCE TO DESERVE THAT TITLE
"President of Humanity" Hii Oppor
tunity to Art, Saya Writer.
PORTLAND. Oct. 16. (To the Edi
tor.r The recent torpedoing of British
and neutral vessels in close proximity
to our coast by a German submarine, is
doubtless meant for more than appears
on the face of the transactions. Wasfc
Incton dispatches indicate that Presi
dent Wilson will look closely into the
question. It Is to be hoped that no
time will be lost in arriving at a con
clusion. To the writer It appears that our
President should settle In his mind the
one question. "la an involuntary trans
fer of passengers and crew from a
threatened prize to open boats In ac
cordance with his vaunted boast.
America asks nothing for herself but
what she has a right to ask for hu
manity Itself?"
The time la drawing very close In
America when a hundred million peo
ple will decide whether the foregoing
glittering words can be relied on. or
whether they are meaningless phrases.
President Wilson seems to be anxious
for this Nation to take its place In in
ternational trade; surely a man so ap
parently desirous for our country's
welfare cannot fall to see to what
stress ho is subjecting International
trade by refusing to back up his con
victions. OLD SEA DOG.
Origin of Counties.
TILLAMOOK. Or.. Oct, 14. (To the
Editor.) When and how and by what
authority were the original counties of
Oregon created? JANE SYKES.
The counties were created by leg
islative enactment. For historical
details of the organization of Oregon
counties, see article by F. V. Holman
in Oregon Historical Quarterly, Vol. xl.
page 1. either at Public Library or of
fices of Oregon Historical Society. 207
Second street.
Palntlna a House.
PORTLAND. Oct. 16. (To the Ed
itor.) A is building a new house. The
body is to be painted a dark lead
color; the trimming Is to be white; two
coats are to be applied. "What color
should the first coat be for the trim
mings? II. R.
A painter says that best results will
be obtained if white is used as the
first coat under a white finishing coat.
Ochre Is also sometimes used as a
priming coat.