lO
THE MORNING OREGOXIAN, THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 7, 1916.
rOBTLAXD, OREGON.
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1
rORTLAXD, THURSDAY, SEPT. 7, 1916.
WHAT'S TO BE DONE?
The average citizen has an idea that
Oregon is a great state; but he can
have no real conception of the variety
of Its resources nor the immensity
of Its stretches until he travels over it.
The etate has an area of 100, OOD square
miles and it is 300-odd miles wide
from Its north to its south boundary
and 400-odd miles from its east to its
west line. . Within this vast expanse
live less than 1,000,000 people. In
these days of quick and easy transit
they are not dismayed by distance and
they are alive to the need of first-class
roads.
A great highway has been built up
end down the Columbia River at a
cost of $2,000,000; and large sums
have been expended on roads, main
and lateral, elsewhere. Kvery com
munity is straining its resources to the
utmost to realize its proper desire for
roads. Some have done more than
others, because they are financially
able; and some have had to have Tielp.
Take Hood River County. It is in
line with the Columbia Highway, but
It has a small population and it has
not been able on its own account to
respond as others would have it do.
Now there is an opportunity to get
come Government aid, and Hood
River, aided by Multnomah, has been
quick to see it. But there are com
plaints that Portland and Hood River
are seeking to "hog" everything at
the expense of the state.
The Oregonian the other day had
eomething to say on this subject, and
now it has received from a Salem
reader a clipping from the Capital
Journal, voicing the same protest, as
follows:
When Portland grabs that money appro
priated by Congress for roads on reserva
tions and builds an nuto road around Mount
Hood, she will be fo gorged with scenery
that she won't look at common folks. Pour
las County could use the entire amount to
good purpose and where It would be of real
benefit to the state. Scnlc roads are all
right when we can afford them, but just
row the state's crying: need is roads that
will open up agricultural lands and make
them productive. It is an example of the
good roada faddist at his best, which means
Ms worst. To Portland It no doubt seems
the correct thing, but to the balance of the
state. It savors of what our Portland con
temporaries call "pork."
Undoubtedly, the Government funds,
or the state funds, or any funds,
could be spent to great advantage in
Douglas County, or anywhere in Ore
gon. But there fs little money available
and there are many deserving projects
in a state so large as Oregon. Not
everybody can be satisfied at once. It
would be folly to divide the Govern
ment moneys, or even the slate moneys,
Into many little items. That is ob
vious. The Columbia Highway is of first
Importance in Oregon, if the basis of
Its value is to be determined by the
volume of travel. It is the only high
way open the year around between
Eastern and Western Oregon. It
serves more people than vany other
road. It is more than a scenic road,
though its value lri a scenic sense is
great. It is not only an attraction
for visitors, but it is a- highway which
every citizen of Oregon is free to use,
and which thousands of them do use.
They are proud of it and they are glad
it is being built.
There atre other highways in Ore
Eon of merit, doubtless of equal po
tential merit. Take Crater Lake. The
Government is spending thousands of
dollars In road development in Crater
Lake Park, and it is unthinkable that
the state, or the adjacent counties, or
all together, will neglect the duty
of making adequate connecting roads.
There are ambitious plans for a great
Pacific Highway and for other roads,
and the farmers of Oregon, who have
daily use 1 for roads, naturally want
to reach the market places, and they
insist upon adequate consideration for
lateral roads.
Clearly there is much to do in Ore
Ron, and not enough to do it with.
There cannot be all at once trunk
highways connecting important points,
and scenic roads, and community
roads. But there can be systematic
and Intelligent work for improved
roads and co-operation between all
interests to give each its proper atten
tion. . Just now there is a disposition
indeed, something more than a dis
position for one group to oppose an
other, or for one community to prefer
its interest to another's. Tire business
of effective road development will go
but slowly, if it goes ahead at all, 'un
less there is mora of a get-together
epirlt jx Oregon.
The Oregonian has no more inter
est in the Columbia Highway than it
lias in Crater Lakes or the. Pacific
Highway, or any other hig-hway, or
the lateral roads which are indispen
sable to the service of farms and
farmers. But it can see no good in
methods which appropriate a little
there and a little., more there-r just
enough for a start, and not enough for
real development; and necessarily it
wants the best service done with the
email amounts availably to the largest
number. But that is not enough.
There ought to be enough road money
In Oregon to build roads good roads
in every county and into every sec
tion. The counties and districts have
already laid out enormous sums
much of it sheer waste, through lack
of a continuous and intelligent policy
and they are willing to raise and
expend thousands more. Yet they
cannot afford to ignore the plans of
'other counties and districts, nor the
' larger plans of the state.
There have been in the state high
,way fund up to this time the proceeds
,.of a small tax first one-half mill and
how one-quarter mill. It is a poor
time, indeed, to suggest an increase in
taxes, and The Oregonian is no friend
of the wastrels or tax-eaters, as it has
abundantly shown. But it believes
profoundly in good roads and in pub
lic expenditure therefor. It is almost
willing to say that the quarter-mill
tax is so meager that it ought to be
abolished. If it cannot be increased. It
thinks the etate tax ought to ba at
least one mill. Why not? There la
not a road district in Oregon which
does not willingly tax itself the limit
up to ten mills per annum but when
it comes to a state tax there is hesi
tation and opposition. It ought not
to be so. -
DISCRIMINATION.
It is inconceivable that the Southern
Pacific Railway Company desires to
forfeit the good will of the people of
Oregon; yet there is great likelihood
of it.
There is a serious car shortage in
Oregon on the lines of the Southern
Pacific. Shippers over its rails are
confronted by heavy loss through fail
ure of the company to supply them.
The situation day by day gets worse.
There are no active remedial measures
by the company and there appears to
be no recourse to the Public Utilities
Commission or any other outside
agency. The shippers are literally up
against disaster, and it may be averted
only by prompt and adequate action
by the company.
There is no car shortage on ' any
other railroad in Oregon or the Pacific
Northwest, or on the Pacific Coast
There is no car shortage on the lines
of the Southern Pacific, or any other
road, in California or Arizona. Why,
then, this calamitous failure to look
after the interests of manufacturers
and other shippers who must have
service if they are to survive, and who
are entitled to equal treatment with
California or Arizona? Why?
Clearly it is up to the Southern Pa
cific to explain. But explanation is
not so much needed as action.. Failure
to act carries its own explanation.
UNTIAarPEKJNa I.AITKRTT.
The executive committee of the Pro
hibition State Central Committee has
seen fit to make no nomination from
among the available members of its
own organization for Representative
in Congress for the Third Oregon Dis
trice, "so as not to hamper the can
didacy of A. W. Lafferty, who has
come out for National prohibition."
The Oregonian observes also that
a gentleman named Simmons has
avowed his candidacy for Congress for
the Third District and that among
the numerous reforms which ho advo
cates is National prohibition.
Why this discrimination against
Simmons? Have the Prohibitionists
no confidence in Simmons? Or have
they merely less confidence In Sim
mons than in Lafferty? Perhaps they
do not know Simmons. But they know,
or ought to know, Lafferty. Knowing
Lafferty, what possible reason can
there be for supporting him and turn
ing their backs on Simmons, or any
other who may be a candidate? Of
course, not knowing Simmons may not
be a good reason for supporting him;
but krfowing- Lafferty is a first-class
reason for not supporting him.
The action of the Prohibitionists In
approving Lafferty is a public an
nouncement that they are quite in
different to the means taken to get
National prohibition and that the fit
ness of a candidate for public service
is not a matter of concern to them.
And this, too, for a party which pro
poses a great moral reform!
AN EVAjrpiE TO LIBOR TTNIONS.
Just when arbitration as a peaceful
means of settling an industrial dispute
has received a severe blow through its
redaction by the railroad brotherhoods
and through the enactment of the
eight-hour law by Congress, we have
an example of its definite adoption
for settlement of every controversy be
tween publishers and printers. The
recent convention of the International
Typographical Union at Baltimore
adopted an arbitration agreement with
the American Publishers' Association
running for five years from May 1,
1917. It is to apply to every contro
versy, except that the consrtit of both
parties shall be necessary to changes
in union laws in operation on January
1, 1916. No exception is made, how
ever, of hours of labor. The adoption
of any certain numher of hours as a
day's wqrk is not held to be a prin
ciple superior to arbitration. That,
too. is held to be a matter for adjust
ment in the joint interest of both
parties by an arbitration tribunal
which seeks to do justice between
them.
The public respect entertained for
the Typographical Union is inspired
by its devotion to the principles of jus
tice and fair dealing as displayed in
making such agreements. This union
is-guided by reason. It is one of the
strongest in numbers and wealth in
the United States, but it does not use
its power as a club and threat against
the employers. It does not threaten
to ruin if not permitted to rule. Much
less does it resort to actual violence.
It shows respect for the rights of em
ployers; also for those of the general
public. Its power is not used to coerce
executive and legislative bodies into
acceptance of its dictates.
Labor disputes cannot be settled by
trials of strength and endurance with
out injury to the public as well as to
those directly concerned. Public sym
pathy has almost invariably been with
the unions. Opposition to arbitration
has hitherto come chiefly from em
ployers, but the weight of public opin
ion has caused its general acceptance
by them. Unions have now attained
such strength that they fancy oc
casionally that they have the power
to extort what they demand with
out arbitration and without regard
to reason. Hence instances are grow
ing more frequent of their refusal
to arbitrate. If they persist in
this course, they will alienate the
sympathy of the public, which has
been a most powerful influence in
bringing employers to accept arbitra
tion the sympathy of the third party
which ultimately pays the cost. The
public will resent arrogance, unrea
sonableness and dictation by unions
as quickly and effectively as it has re
sented the same attitude on the part
of employers.
It is no defense of those who reject
arbitration to say that former arbitra
tion tribunals have not understood the
matter in dispute or have rendered
unjust awards. Practice makes per
fect in the selection of such tribunals,
as in other matters. It will teach dis
putants to select as arbitrators men
who combine technical knowledge and
experience with judicial minds. In
past adjudications, men may have
been chosen with regard to one of
these requisites but without regard to
the other. Both employers and unions
will learn to look for the two in com
bination. Nor can a party to arbitra
tion, reasonably expect to get aU ie
asks. The bare fact that two great
bodies of men disagree as to what is
fair suggests that justice lies some
where between the extremes of their
respective demands.
Nor can it he fairly maintained that
any certain number of hours' work per
day is a matter of principle which
should be set above . arbitration and
above all other considerations. Public
opinion inclines to eight hours as a
convenient division of the jday into
three equal parts, peculiarly adapted
to industries which operate continu
ously. But we have been adjusting
practice gradually to that system with
regard for the circumstances of each
industry. No long time has passed
since the ten-hour day was universal;
It has been reduced in one industry
after another to nine hours and in a
constantly increasing number to eight
hours, but weather, climate and sea
sons and gneat emergencies frequently
demand that every available person
work many more hours' for many con
secutive days. The length of the
working day is a matter for arbitral
adjustment to the conditions of each
industry and, where radical change is
desired, that change should not be
sudden, so as to cause a violent shock
to business or a heavy expense within
a short period to the employer, but
should be gradual and steady. The
printers have wisely recognized this
truth in treating hours of labor as
matter for arbitration together with
other conditions of employment.
ADVANCE OF THE ACTOMOBIIJS.
Amazing as have been the statistics
of automobile construction in the
United States in the past, the figures
are small by comparison with the
promise of the near future, for it ap
pears .that the output of ninety-nine
factories in the first six months of
this year was 754,902, as compared
with 892,000 for the entire year 1915
and some half a million in 1914. The
rate of growth would indicate an out
put of considerably more than 1,500,
000 for the whole of 1916, and if the
ratio of increase should be maintained
the figures for 1917 will fairly stagger
the imagination. It is true that our
exports on account of the European
war have been considerable, yet it is
said that they are less than 15 per
cent of our manufactures. Automo
bile economists, on this basis, feel jus
tified in estimating that there will be
7,000,000 automobiles in actual use in
the United States, barring unforeseen
circumstances, within five years.
Clearly, the automo-bile has not
reached the zenith of its popularity in
our own country; nor is it likfely that
this situation will come to pass so long
as there is a tendency n the direction
of reduction of prices for standard
makes. Factory economies have been
made possible by experience, by great
er output and by improved machinery
and manufacturing methods, and there
is no present indication of anything
like an approaching famine in impor
tant metals. There is apparently some
question as to the ability of the world
on the basis of its present resources to
produce all the rubber needed for tires,
but this cannot be determined accu
rately at present. We imported rub
ber last year of a value of nearly $160,
000,000 and in the past three years
have bought J332.0O0.000 worth. By
far the larger part of this rubber went
into the making and "upkeep of auto
mobiles. Other uses for rubber were
small by comparison. The retail value
of the 754,902 automobiles manufac
tured by us in the first six months of
the present year was $481,000,000,
which indicates that the users have
paid an average of $637 apiece for
their machines.
Synthetic chemists, to whom the
world has begun to look in almost
every time of stress, have labored
faithfully on the rubber problem. Ger
mans, who have the reputation of
leadership in this branch of science,
have bent their energies to its solu
tion, but we are justified in concluding
that they have not found what they
are seeking, else the efforts being
made to obtain supplies of rubber at
great cost would not have been con
tinued as they have been. Recent
seizures by the allies of quantities of
rubber concealed in all sorts of ways
show that rubber is still a much-desired
commodity. The shipment of
rubber as a part of the cargo of the
submarine Deutschland points in the
same direction. If the synthetic sub
stitutes were satisfactory there would
be a cessation of rubbpr smuggling
into the countries of the central pow
ers. If the seven-million mark should be
reached it will mean an automobile
to each seventeen or eighteen persons
in the United States, and this mark
already has been exceeded by some of
the states. For example, in Nebraska,
there is now an automobile for every
sixteen persons, and Iowa has one for
every thirteen. These are states of
which it can be said fairly that tem
porary residents or tourists do not
largely enter into the figures. The
statistics reflect pretty accurately the
condition of the people themselves in
Iowa and Nebraska. If the country
as a whole should reach the Iowa
Nebraska mark it would mean that
almost every farmer would have his
automobile and a large proportion of
the rest of the people. For the growth
in manufacturing has been largely the
growth of the lower-priced automobile,
as shown by the low average retail
price of all now in use. Next in line,
undoubtedly, has come the commer
cial vehicle, both in town and country.
We have come at last to the point
where the horse must look to his laur
elseven w"iere the grade of horses
that do not amply repay their owners
for the cost of keeping them is threat
ened with extinction.
AN OLD SOLDIER'S PROTEST.
The fine discipline and the splendid
moral and physical condition of the
Oregon soldiers who have returned
from the border should silence those
weakly sentimental persons who pro
tested against placing boys between
18 and 21 years of age in active serv
ice. The Improvement resulting from
two months' training in camp confirms
all that Senator Nelson, a veteran of
the Civil War, said in opposition to
raising the age limit of enlistment in
the National Guard without parents'
consent to 21 years.
Senator Underwood moved an
amendment to the Army bill forbid
ding enlistment of persons under 21
without the written consent of parents
or guardians. He said a boy of 18
"may be a mere child," and he talked
of such a boy's being "dragged "awa,y"
from home by the recruiting sergeant
and having "the manacles of the mili
tary power of the United States placed
about his wrists." He disparaged the
Army as composed of "men who have
been drawn from the great cities, men
whose lives are not Christian lives,"
association with whom was "apt to de
stroy a young life instead of making
one."
This outpouring of gush aroused and
disgusted the soldierly spirit of Sen
ator Nelson. He said that from his
own experience "the best school a
young man of 18 years can enter is
the Army, where he must conform to
the discipline and regulations.'' He
had enlisted at the age of 18 and
"served through a large period of the
Civil War" and "always regarded that
as the best part of my education and
my best schooling in life.'.' He said:
"I would never have got along as well
as I have had it not been for the
teaching, the experience and the dis
cipline J received," Ha confirmed that
which has often been said, that the
Civil War "demonstrated that the best
soldiers we had, the men who could
stand more marching and endure more
hardships than any other class of men,
were the boys between 17 and 21."
The older ones who were taken from
the pampered homes of parents, "who
would not consent to have" their dear
children shoulder a musket, were the
ones who flunked on the march, on
the battlefield, in the camp and in
the bivouac." The "maudlin senti
ment" he had heard made him, as an
old soldier, "sick and tired." Parents
of some boys had begged that they
might not be sent to the border, that
it would break their university course
or their college course. He had re
plied that it "would be to their great
est advantage."
Mr. Nelsoft entered a protest against
the aspersions cast on the Army and
said: "I would much rather take off
my hat to one of these boys dressed
In a khaki uniform, parading the
streets, than to a fourth or fifth-rate
politician." So should we all say. But
it seems that our respect is reserved
for the soldiers who are dead. We
go Into patriotic ecstasies over the
soldiers who fought at Trenton, Sara
toga and Yorktown in the Revolution
ary War; at New Orleans in the war
of 1812; at Palo Alto, Resaca, Mon
terey, Cerro Gordo, Contreras and
Cherubusco in the Mexican War; ln
the many battles of the Civil War and
in the , Spanish War. . But when we
come fo the men who" in our own
time have prepared themselves to do
like deeds for their country, our
mushy sentimentalists exclaim, "I did
not raise my boy to be a soldier" and
they denounce as cradle-snatchers
tlvose who enlist huBky young fellows
of 18 in the service of their country.
Do the young men who have Just re
turned from the border look as though
they had been snatched from their
cradles two months ago?
Every Industry has its perils, it
seems, if not to the workers in it,
then to the general public or someone
else. The latest is powder-puff manu
facturing. Incidental to an investiga
tion by a New York Jersey health of
ficer, it was found that a considerable
number of puffs were being made in
homes in which there were contagious
diseases, such as scarlet fever and in
fantile paralysis, the contract system
of piece work having been employed
in that locality. The official confis
cated the puffs at hand, but he admits
that he did not strike at the root of
the evil, there being no ordinance on
the specific subject of powder puffs
and the general health ordinances be
ing inadequate. Sentiment against
"bureaucratic" law making had pre
vented the regulations by the health
or labor departments. Under exist
ing conditions it will be necessary to
enact a powder-puff ordinance in each
locality; and when that has been done
danger probably will appear In a dif
ferent form in a new and entirely un
expected place.
When a lawyer cannot draw his own
will in a form to prevent litigation
over it, what is the layman to do? Re
cent settlement, after long litigation,
of the claim of a sculptor who de
signed a statue for Samuel J. Tilden,
recalls the fact that this eminent jurist
died in 1886 and that there has been
some variety of litigation over his es
tate ever since then. Mr. Tilden left
about $5,000,000 and it was his desire
that most of this fortune should be
used for the establishment of the Til
den Library in New Tork. After a
protracted contest, some $2,000,000 did
go to that library, which has been
combined with other foundations in
the Public Library of New York. He
also desired to have built a statue to
himself in New York City, in a local
ity in which he spent much of his
life. This statue has not yet been
built, although his desire was made
quite clear, and it is thirty years since
his will was first filed for probate in
the New York courts.
It is plain from the number of auto
mobile accidents at railroad crossings
that have been equipped with gates as
measures of safety that no preventive
methods are complete that do not in
clude a complete education of the
motorist himself. The report of the
Long Island Railroad for 1915 on acci
dents on its line shows that there were
eighty-two cases in which motorists
drove their machines through lowered
crossing gates, which they did not see
in time to stop, or else there were de
fective brakes. Incidentally, it seems
that the greater proportion of acci
dents happen on Sunday, indicating
that the victims are persons who do
not do much driving on other days
and consequently are in the inexpe
rienced class. They have not learned
the lesson of "Stop! Look! Listen!"
that is so necessary for them if their
Sunday excursions are not to end with
an involuntary visit to the morgue and
be capped by a verdict by the Coroner.
A Nation which can bury with mili
tary honors men who have been 'killed
in an attempt at slaughter of the civil
population could not act thus unless it
were imbued with supreme confidence
in victory. This action of the British
nation will go far to bridge the gulf
of hatred which the war has opened
between it and the German nation.
They cannot see such Incidents in
their true light now, for they are
blinded by passion, but they will when
passion has cooled and calm Judgment
resumes its sway while they look back
on these hideous years.
Seattle should ship its wild Serbian
to Europe, where he will find Bul
garians whom he would really like to
kill. But stay; that would be a breach
of neutrality.
Good sense which resulted in con
cession by both sides has averted the
threatened strike of telegraphers on
the Northern Pacific.
If the new Zeppelins can carry mail
across the Atlantic in seventy-two
hours, they can carry a few passengers
and, perhaps, will.
The owner of a soft-drink house is
missing and the sole trail is the scent
of the "perfumery" he soid.
The main trouble on the aeroplane
when the gas gives out is to find a
filling station up there.
One of the Davises was nominated
for Governor of Idaho, but it was the
other one.
Good-bye, Sixty-fourth Congress.
You came high, but we had to have
you. '
r Because khaki has local color it is
more fashionable than Army blue.
Sugar is down in time for the sweet
pickle industry.
Dr. Aked has landed between two
stools,
Stars and Starmakers
By Lfone Caaa Baer.
FRITZ KREISLER Is writing the
music for an oparetta intended for
Christie MacDonald, who will return to
the stage this coming season. Herr
Kreisler. who is, of course, the noted
violinist, firjit started on the score of
the piece intending tt for Eleanor
Painter, but negotiations for produc
tion fell through and Miss MacDonald
immediately contracted for the .work
which sha is to present herself in. Miss
MacDonald owned a piece of "Sweet
hearts." the last production in which
she appeared.
Mary Garden is taking- a holiday in
the Highlands of Scotland and. living
the open-air life. An ardent horse
woman, she spends most of her time in
the saddle. She will be heard again
at the Paris Opera-House shortly.
Felloe Lyna arrives in Liverpool to
day. She has engagements ir. concert
in London, Paris and. Monte Carlo.
Answer toM. FThe address of
Mary Edgett ' Baker is the Rubiyat
Hotel. Lob Anerelaa. ri- u
Morosco Theater. That will reach her.
l" "aB ia Playing at that theater In
stock now. "The Brat," in which she
has been playing. all Summer In San
Francisco, has closed its lengthy and
successful season.
Walter Selgfried has returned from
Lincoln. Neb., where he has been in
stock since the Baler season ended.
Walter Regan, who was also with the
Lincoln Company, and Edward C
Woodruff, who played leads there, have
gone to New York City. Letters ad
dressed to the Players Club will reach
them. A lovely little picture of Teddy,
the 6-montha-old son of Mr. and Mrs
Woodruff, appeared In the Dramatic
Mirror a fortnight ago.
e
Kitty Gordon has accepted a vaude
ville sketch from Oliver White. Its
title is "Sit Still" and it carries a cast
of two.
e
Vera MIchelena Is to fcop her own
road show in vaudeville under William
Morris' direction. This is the first big
name feature that has been mentioned
outside of Eva Tanguay which is to
travel over the new Morris circuit.
Speaking of Eva, that cyclonic come
dienne has signed for only a ten weeks'
tour, but Mr. Morris has procured
options or. dates that would carry the
organization through to the Coast and
back East via the South for a season of
more than 20 weeks, each stand being
for either one. two or three days.
The five-reel feature picture recently
taken by Miss Tanguay and labeled
"Energetic Eva" will not be released
as announced. Miss Tanguay having
decided the picture was not quite up to
the Tanguay standard, although she
has received offers for state rights that
approach the quarter million figure.
Miss Tanguay has never been seen on
the screen and the picture was natural
ly in big demand because of the tremen
dous amount of publicity given its prin
cipal 1n sections where she has never
been seen personally.
e
Frank Tlnney has garnered in
enough shekels to become a theater
owner. He has Just paid $13,000 for a
plot of ground at Freeport. L. I, on
which he proposes to erect a theater
at a cost of $75,000. While the house
will be equipped to play legitimate at
tractions, Tinney proposes to open it
as a cinema.
Nat Goodwin, who now takes second
place to Joe Howard in the matri
monial race. Is to be routed over the
Orpheum circuit in a monologue.
e
Robert Hilllard mav he seen In
vaudeville the coming season, having
submitted for booking a new playlet
entitled "Adrift."
William A Brady has made plans to
place a new comedy by Montague Glass
and Jules Eckert Goodman into re
hearsal some time next month. The
piece is as yet unnamed, but is said to
be of the "Potah and Perlmutter"
order, although the two principal char
acters will not bear these names.
Oliver Morosco has made a promise
to San Diego that he will permit it to
be the "dog" for all tryouts of pro
ductions he makes on the Coast in the
future. He tried out "Canary Cot
tage" there this season.
A report has reached New York that
Jock McKay, the Scotch comedian, was
killed in a recent battle between
English and German troops. McKay
Joined the colors some time ago and no
word had been received from him up
to the time of his reported death.
Training; Horses for War.
New York World.
Some of the Army horses mobilized
for service on the Mexican border have
shown a degree of f ractiousness that
hardly promises the highest usefulness
in war. In Brooklyn a member of the
First Cavalry was thrown and serious
ly injured by his mount, which took
fright at the sound of an automobile
horn. Near Van Cortlandt Park a pa
trolman while attempting to catch one
of a number of guardsmen's horses
which had been stampeded by a motor
boat siren was kicked in the face by
the animal and badly hurt
No doubt mettle is a prime qualifica
tion in a warhorse. But docility due
to training is better in the long run,
and it Is a question of Interest whether
equine preparedness has kept pace with
human preparedness. The matter of an
adequate supply of serviceable mounts
in the event of war is another impor
tant thing. The country has been pret
ty well scoured for horses for the bel
ligerents In Europe; are there enough
left of the best breed for our own
Army? And is there, the equivalent for
horses of training camps and field man
euvers to prepare them for their work?
In modern warfare, while the infan
try has been transformed Into a virtual
machine and equipment standardized,
the horse, because of his nervous dis
position and susceptibility to shock, yet
remains an unstable factor. That is a
reason why all the more pains should
be taken with his training for military
service.
IN TUB TRENCHES.
And though they chattered through the
day.
Their eilence was oppressive;
They rattled hour by hour away.
But their eyes were more expressive.
They spoke of pipes and picture show;
One told a story, joking.
Though no man laughed, one blew his
nose
And a buzzard fell to croaking.
Then as they talked a ehell sailed by-r-A
shell that broke and shattered
They might have said: "I hate to die!"
nor ail mat it in en mattered.
HORREL PgAJi HAL&.
Ol'R PURPOSE NEVER ATTAINED
Contempt autd Hatred of Mexicans In
curred by American Policy.
TORTLAXD. Sept 4. (To the Ed
itor.) Commenting upon Colonel
Roosevelt's remark that "the taking
of Vera Crux was war, and a war that
was ignobly abandoned," the local
Democratic paper proceeds to indulge
in a column of pathos as to what
would have been the result if we had
pushed the war to a capture of Mexico
City, "the mourning American fire
sides." "soldiers' graves on the hill
tops and plains of Mexico." etc.
But this sort of twisting the facts is
rapidly becoming threadbare and does
not at all furnish a sufficient cover
ing and disguise to fool the average
man as to the direct cause of the
present condition of the Mexican mens
and our hand in bringing it about.
Every fair-minded man In the United
States knows that It was our National
duty either to keep out of the local
difficulties in Mexico, or, "horning in,"
to proceed at least far enough lo ac
complish whatever we had in view.
That was what Colonel Roosevelt
meant and what every man who be
lieves in maintaining our standing
among the nations full Indorses.
The plain meaning of Colonel Roose
velt's statement was that inasmuch as
we went to Vera Cruz and made war on
Mexico, why didn't we either accom
plish our avowed purpose or stay away?
Can any supporter of the Wilson in
termeddling policy in Mexico slate a
single purpose that was attained by
that wild hegira Into a Mexican port,
retaining control of it for months?
We had demanded the salute of the
National flag from Huerta, whom we
had refused to recognise, but he in
formed our Government that "though
powder ia at present somewhat ex
pensive In Mexico," he would lire one
salute If Mayo would fire one also.
We didn't get any salute, we didn't
prevent the landing of a vast amount
of munitions for Huerta's use, but we
did sacrifice the lives of a score of
American sailors and scuttled home.
By that act of course we incurred
not only the hatred of all Mexicans
but their contempt also. We had made
war on them and had then, without ac
complishing anything at all from our
point of view, sneaked home. In Presi
dent Wilson's speech of acceptance the
other day, always apologizing when
not extravagantly boasting, tiiere is
not a word of Justification of that
Vera Cru attack on Mexico. Not one
of his supporters can now. or ever will,
give a rational explanation of it. It
was, in fact, an outburst of that inde
cision, that "watchful waiting" policy
that has characterized the President,
not only as to the Mexican situation
but practically every other question
with which he has had to deal.
Even more ridiculous has been the
present military invasion, of Mexico.
We went ostensibly to "get" Villa,
whom we had aided in his war on
Huerta. and after spending millions
of dollars on the farce gave it up,
though he is still active in his mur
derous raids in Northern Mexico. Of
course we didn't want Villa. We were
Just "funning." What does It matter
that wo have lost hundreds of Ameri
can lives, including a Captain and a
Lieutenant, throueh the treachery of
Carranza didn't Wilson "keep us out
of war?" Sure.
Colonel Roosevelt mlKht well have
added that we have ignobly abandoned
out attempt to capture Villa. No rea
son has been ever given by anybody,
anywhere, for abandoning the avowed
purpose which took us into a foreign
country, nor will any be given. If an
attempted Justification for the ignoble
retreat should be offered, as is Implied
by the comment on Colonel Roosevelt's
remark by the local Democratic paper,
that it has saved bloodshed and the
"marking of Mexico's hilltops and
plains with graves of American sol
diers," then the very rertinent ques
tion may be asked, "Why, if the most
important thing in view is the saving
of bloodshed, didn't we keep the Army
at home In the first place?" Tht is
the surest way to prevent bloodshed.
The way to "keep us out of war" Is
not to make war.
Our boys are coming home and we
are all glad of it. but they were sent
to the border and a thousand lives
sacrificed from first to last since the
various interventions by the Wilson
Administration began, because the
President, as was aptly said by a prom
inent Eastern speaker recently, "has
been in S2 distinct and different attitudes-
upon 41 important questions
upon each side of all of them."
Today Mexico has no court, no law
making power, and no authority in
any of Its states save such as Is per
mitted by Carranza, whose career is In
every particular as offensive and cruel
as that of "the upspeakable Huerta,"
T. T. UKER.
Ml'TUAI. OBI.IGATIOX IS PLAIN
Citlxena Owe Much to Government,
Whlcfc Should Protect The in.
MYRTLE CREKK. Or.. Sept. n. (To
the Editor.) In talking with fairly in
telligent men I find a woeful ignorance
In regard to the obligations of citizen
ship as well ag tho obligations of the
Government to Its citizens, and when 1
say that the Government owes every
citizen absolute protection, even to the
last man an(l dollar at its disposal, and
that every citizen owes the Oovernment
hi3 all, even to the last drop of his life
blood, they simply laugh at what they
term my foolishness.
I believe the press should plainly
point out these mutual obligations and
drive home the reasons for their exist
ence, as true patriotism is at a low ebb.
Our people seem to be good-time crazy
and will not consider the true meaning
of citizenship. JAMES HARMON.
AGE.
Man's age is not reckoned by time alone.
ino- its span ne recoraeo in years.
For the life built on love lias far out
shown The one built on sighs and tears.
For the man who meeto each new task
with a smile
And accepts each reverse with & Krln,
Each failure but urges toward a new
trial.
Just to live is a pleasure to him.
But the man. sick at heart, who pities
himself
And cares for the. fate of no other.
Tho younger in years, is broken In
health
And older by far than his brother.
C. O. B.
Camafl, Wash.
May Be Prosecuted for Trespass.
PORTLAND, Sept. 5. (To the Ed
itor.) Is there no way of protecting
the busy housewife against agents and
solicitors who ignore signs stating
plainly that they are not wanted?
A man rang my doorbell a few days
ago and caused me to leave my work,
and when I called his attention to the
sign he became quite impudent.
SUBSCRIBER.
There is no specific ordinance on the
subject, but persons who enter prem
ises from which they have been warned
away are subject to prosecution for
trespass under the general ordinances
and laws on the subject.
Oregon Conference Scholarships.
ALBANY. Or.. Sept. 5. (To the Editor.)-
May I, through The Oreaconian.
call the attention of high, school prin
cipals who have issued Oregon confer
ence scholarshiia to the importance of
their reporting these appointments,
and (later, if necessary) the choice of
college made, to the secretary of the
conference of colleges? The appoint
ments are certified to the colleges by
the secretary. Many appointments are
known to have -been made, of which
no report has been received.
a. FRAXKLIN,
Sear-Oregon Conference of Colleges,
European War Primer
By National Geographical Society.
IF. after Peronne, St. Quentln should
be retaken by the French and Eng
lish in their fierce offensive, Cambrai
would be one of the important objec
tives In the line of advance. This town
is 121 miles by rail northeast of Paris.
Twenty miles southeast of Arras and
about the same distance north of St.
Quentln. Cambrai, which had a popula
tion npproaching 30.000 before the war.
Is one of the most interesting- towns in
Northern France. Situated on the right
bank of the River Scheldt at its junc
ture with the St- Quentln Canal, the
city enjoyed considerable commercial
prosperity on account of its soar
works, sugar mills and textile factories.
Its importance to France now, how
ever, is sentimental rather than strat
egic. The event connected with Cambrai
which commended it to womankind
throughout the Western World was the
invention here, in the fifteenth cen
tury, of the fine linen fabric which,
takes It name from the town cambric
The name of Batiste Coutaing. the
weaver who is supposed to have made
the first cambric. Is perpetuated in
the muslin called batiste.
One of the most formidable alliance-
of the middle ages was that which was
effected here under the name of tho
League of Cambrai at the beginning of
the sixteenth century. The members
of the leaerue were Pope Julius II, the
Emperor Maximilian I and the Kings
of France and Spain. These four major
powers, brought together through the
diplomacy of the pope, had as their ob
ject the humbling of the great Re
public of Venice. The avowed end
having been achieved, the victors be
gan to quarrel over the spoils and tha
league soon ceased to exist.
Cambrai ia famous as the city where
two royal women of masculine force
Joined In a great diplomatic exchange
of views, resulting in the Paix des
Dames (Ladies' Peace), which brought
to an end, temporarily, the destructive
was between Francis I of France and
the Emperor Charles V. This treaty,
signed In ir29, caused an abandonment
of the plans for a duel, to which
Francis had challenged Charles as a
means of settling- their quarrel single
handed. The two women who nego
tiated the treaty were Louise, of Savoy,
devoted mother of the French King,
and Marairet, of Austria, who had been
the guardian of her nephew, the future
Emperor, duriner his youth, and whose
loni- regency of the Netherlands was
distinguished by firmness and justice.
It was to Louise, upor whom he had
conferred the tltln of "Madame." after
ascending- the throne, that Francis
wrote his famous letter following bis
defeat and capture at Pavla in Italy.
"Of all things." he said, "nothing re
mains but honor and life, which, is
safe." From this we have derived the
familiar "All Is lost save honor."
In the closincr years of the sixteenth
century Cambrai was captured by the
Spaniards and it remained a part of
the Flemish possessions of the South
ern Klnedom for nearly 100 years, until
Louis XIV secured its cession to Franca
by the treaty of Nimeifuen. In 179S
the town successfully resisted the be-r
siecring forces of Austria, but it was
not so harpy In its resistance to tho
Duke of Wellington in 115.
Among the great names In French
history which are associated with Cam
brai are those of two churchmen tha
scholarly and exemplary Archbishop
Fenelon. whose "Treatise on the Edu
cation of Girls" was a pioneer discus
sion of the problem of "hicher educa
tion" for women, and the Cardinal
Dubois, described by a vitriolic con
temporary historian as "a lictle, pitiful. '
wizened man in a flaxen wis. with a
weazel's face brierhtened by some intel
ligence, a man in whom all the vics
perfidy, avarice, debauchery, ambition,
flattery fouftht for the mastery."
Despite this disagreeable picture, it Is
to be remembeled that n.i the virtual
ruler of France, while serving as pri
vate secretary to the reper.t, fubois
gave his country a longed-for era of
peace, which would have been fraught
with even greater benefits bad it not
been for John Law's "Mississippi Bub
ble." which burst, precipitating the
nation over the brink of financial r"ln.
Enguerrand rle Monstrelet. whose
chronicles of medieval France begin
where Frolssart's end, also belongs In
Camhrai's hall of fame.
In Other Days.
Twent y-FI-e Tears Ago.
From The Oregonian September 7. 1891.
New York Tho general impression
Is that Europe's peace won't last long.
It is resting on powder barrels.
With the score a tie in the ninth
innins Seattle refused to finish the
game and.it was forfeited to Portland.
9 to 0. The trouble was due to a de
cision, when Motz tapped a low fly
which Irwin appeared to scoop off the
ground and Glenalvin scored.
Washington W. R, Hearst It is said
Is contemplating the erection of a fine
bulldins: hero for the exclusive use of
newspaper correspondents and press
associations.
A. B. Richardson and wife will leave
for San Francisco today and will later
go to Los Angeles for a sojourn. They
win tour California on their return to
Portland.
Plans are being drawn for a $45,000
residence for J. Loewenberg to be
erected on the Green tract.
Wheat Is bringing 81 and 82 cents at
Albany and Salem.
The Sol Smith Russell Company ar
rived last night and are quartered at
the Perkins.
Editorial What Mr. John Gill said
through The Orefronian yesterday
about opening tho Columbia River was
well said indued. Tho Importance of it
could not be put with more force and
clearness. The present agitation of It
must be made to result In some plan
for cpening the river line.
Half n Century Ago.
From The Oregonian September 7, 1SC5.
Washington Congress as a whole
and the radical Republicans particu
larly, seem to be a little mystified at
the President's signature to the joint
resolution admitting Tennessee to rep
resentation. St. Louis Tho cemeteries report 70
cholera Interments yesterday and 56
the day before.
Workmen yesterday began construc
tion on a new wharf and warehouse in
the rear of the G. W. Vaughn flouring
mill property.
Messrs. Herman and Murphy, of the
grocery and provision house at No. 1
North Front street, have established a
branch at the head of navigation on
the Lewis River in Washington Terri
tory, where a promising town is be
ginning to spring up.
Mr. Thompson has discovered a leda:
of good fireproof paint above the
mouth of the Clackamas in the Cascade
range of mountains. Captain Mills, of
this city, has tested It and pronounces
it good.
Henry Denllnger. of Salem, and Miss
Eliza A. Humphrey, who lives near
Portland, were married by Rev. G. H.
Atkinson yesterday.
Mr. John Lake, who is as fine a Judge
of horseflesh as ever came to this city,
left last night by steamer for Cali
fornia with several fine animals,