VOL,. LVI.-XO. 17,336.
PORTLAND, OREGON, U'KDXESDAY. JUNE -14,' 1916.
PRICE FIVE CENTS.
JULEPS PUT ABOVE
GRANT'S OLD HOME
PRESIDENT TELLS
PARTY WHAT TO DO
FIRE ON HARBOR
FRONT IS FATAL
TEMPERATURE IS
SPEEDED UPWARD
ERIGANISM IS
TO
OF UNDILUTED SORT
in
HOSTESS TO DEMOCRATIC DEI.'
EGATES GETS Til.
1 TO 10 DEAD, 40 INJCItED IN
BLAZE XEAK BALTIMOKE.
WEATHER MAN SHOVES MER
Cl'RY VP 2 NOTCHES.
DEMOCRATS FIND
MUCH WORK TO DO
PRISONERS POURING
Mil
RUSSIAN
GAMPS
Important Phases of Policy
Still Unsettled.
VOTE-GETTING PROBLEMS VEX
Satisfying Suffragists and
Dodging Prohibition Are
; Among Difficult Tasks.
HUGHES FOREMOST IN MIND
Party Bothered Over Method
to Be Used to Win Back.
German-Americans.
' ST. LOUIS, June 13. (Editorial
Correspondence.) The political at
mosphere of this Democratic conven
tion city is painfully calm and unemo
tional. After Chicago, with its series
of dramatic events, and its remark
able denouement, St. Louis is a pic
ture of sober and easy dignity, where
nothing but the arranged, bargained
and expected is to happen.
The Democratic party is giving here
a great National demonstration of the
American doctrine of preparedness. It
has been prepared with a candidate
and also has prepared the party with
a platform which was prepared for
any contingency but Hughes. The
town was only lazily prepared for the
convention, which is not to be a con
vention, but a ratification meeting.
The crowds appear to be about one
tenth the size of moving and excited
throngs which filled the galleries and
bleachers at Chicago.
There is to be no real fight, and
your Democrat dearly loves a fight,
Perhaps some one will start trouble,
but about what? It will not be about
Wilson, and hot about the platform,
or rather that part of the platform
which Wilson will write.
Party "Without Alternative.
It is agreed that he may say what
he pleases and the Democracy will
follow. It has no alternative, so must
indorse preparedness, which it believes
in only for party purposes, and Mex
ico, which it excuses as best it may,
and the foreign policies of the Admin
istration, which it subscribes to heart
ily so far as they have "kept the-
country out of war." But there is a
chance for a minor fight over woman
suffrage, which the suffragettes are
arranging militantly, and over pro
hibition a bomb which Bryan may
light and toss into the pitr but per
haps he will not. Bryan- is alive,
while he is almost wholly neglected.
His claws have been trimmed and he
is inclined to be humble and accom-
modatine. He riermif-s it in Vmnirti
that he is still a Democrat, and will
go on the stump this Fall for Wilson.
He is only a newspaper reporter, he
says, and he plans no particular cam
paign for anything, except the tri
umph of Democracy.
I have been trying diligently today
to find what is in the Democrat mind,
after Wilson, and I learn that it is
Hughes. The reasons for it are inter
esting. Hughes' Strength Admitted.
It is agreed that Hughes is a strong
nominee and that the Republican
party is measurably well reunited.
Still it is seen that there are certain
Progressive middle-of-the-roaders who
intend to stay with the wreck, and it
may be possible either to work and
act with them or to take them bodily
into the Democratic party. For the
first time the Democratic leaders are
seriously considering making a 'bid
for the Progressive programme of the
social uplift. If they get any real en
couragement from the Progressives, or
any important part of them, they will
do it; otherwise they will wait for
developments of the campaign to open
a way to the Progressive confidence.
So far no Progressive of the first
order has gone to the Democrats. The
headliners talk still of merging the
'Progressive organization and the oth
ers have their own reasons for doing
what they have done, or will do, ir
respective of any hypocritical and ar
tificial utterances in the platform. So
it is not at all likely that the Demo
cratic platform will be a marvel and
a model of progressiveness. Never
theless the plight of the bereft Pro
gressives is much on the Democratic
(Concluded on Page 2. Column 3.)
Some Members of Party at Beautiful
Buseh Home Wear Hats at Din
ncr Silverware Is Taken.
ST. LOUIS. June 13. (Special.)
Members of the Democratic National
Committee and several hundred visit
ing newspaper men made a pilgrimage
to the old home of General Ulysses S.
Grant, now better. 'known aa the es
tate of Augustus Busch, the brewer.
The little log cabin in which Grant
eked out a living in yeaj-s before the'
call came which, led to the command
of the Union Army and' later "to the
Presidency of the Nation - is neaTr the
entrance. Some of the visitors turned
their heads and got a. glimpse of it aa
their automobiles sped by. They dd
not get closer. There were more mod
ern show places on the estate to see.
In a corner of the lawn six butlers were
mixing mint Juleps.
Nine detectives were ' in the party.
Most of them never took a chance on
losing their hats by taking them off.
even when at the banquet table. Some
body said they were to see that noth
ing was stolen. They came with the
National Committeemen's party. They
saved their hats, but the Busch's sil
verware was well distributed.
Mrs. Busch, who was one of the sev
eral who served strawberries to the
delegates in a pretty corner of. the
lawn, was surprised to find that one
of the visitors had left a tip under his
plate.
YACHT'S WAVES KILL MAN
Death of Boat Club Steward Due
Indirectly to Mayflower.
TARRYTOWJJ,' N. Y., June 13.-(Spe-cial.)
Waves , from the President's
yacht, the Mayflower, were the indirect
cause of the death of Charles Bystrom,
24. years old, steward of the Tarry
town Boat Club, today shortly after
the President's yacht passed Tarry town
on its way from West Point to New
York.
Bystrom dived into the Hudson for
a swim. When he came up near the
club's float the waves from- the yacht
rocked it so that he received a glanc
ing blow on the head and ; was ren
dered partly senseless. He sank al
most immediately. .
BOSELLI TO LEAD CABINET
Former Minister to Be President of
' New Italian Council. '
PARIS, June 13. Signor Paolo
Boselli, veteran Italian parliamentarian
and former Minister of Public Instruc
tion, who lias been requested by King
Victor Emmanuel to form a Ministry
in succession to that headed by Premier
Antonio Sajandra, probably will take
the presidency of the Council without
portfolio, says a. Havas dispatch from
Milan today.,
Signor Boselli is expected to sur
round himself with eminent men of all
parties in forming the new Ministry,
the dispatch says.
GRANGE MEET HORSELESS
-
Of 7 4 Menibers at Lane County
. Gathering All Arrive by Boat.
EUGENE, Or., June 13. (Special.)
Not a horse was to be seen at the hall
of the Acme Grange, when 74 of the
79 members of the organization met.
according to C. ,J. Hurd, state deputy
Grange organizer, who returned from
the western, end of the county last
night. Every member of the organiza
tion present traveled by boat. The in
cident was not the result of any pre
arranged plan, but due to the fact that
the boat is the usual mode of travel in
that part of the county.
HAMPSHIRE HIT BY U-BOAT
German Dress Contends Submarine
Sent Kitchener to Bottom.
LONDON, June 14. German news
papers, according to a Berne dispatch
to the Morning Post, state that the
British cruiser Hampshire 'was sunk
by a German submarine. It was on the
Hampshire that Lord Kitchener and his
staff were voyaging to Russia.
The British Admiral, Sir John Jelli
coe. in his official report of the sinking
of the Hampshire, declared the vessel
was sunk by a mine.
GERMANS CAPTURE VESSEL
Danish Steamer Is Taken While on
Xorth Sea.
LONDON, June 14 An Exchange
Telegraph dispatch from Copenhagen
says that the Danish steamer Askoe
has been captured by a German war
ship in the North Sea and , taken to
Hamburg.'
The Swedish schooner Svea,. on her
way to England, has been captured in
the Sound by a German warship and
taken to Swinemunde.
TRIAL OF L-9 SUCCESSFUL
New Submarine Sinks 2 00 Feet anil
Goes at 1 1-Knot Hate Submerged.
QULNCT, Mass., June 13. The sub
marine L-9 successfully completed her
acceptance trial oil Provincetown to
day, according to word received by, her
builders.
She submerged to a depth, of 200 feet
and exceeded the speed requirements
of 14 knots on the surface and 11 knots
under water, it was said.
Secretary Baker Is
Bearer of Orders..
HARMONY PLAN IS AGREED ON
Marshall Will Have Second
Place, Without Question.
COMMAND IS ' EMPHATIC
Most of Platform Also Written In
Washington Direct' Invitation
to- Be Avoided House Not
.- to Manage Campaign.
ST. LOUIS, June 13. The arrival here
tonight of Secretary Baker. President
Wilson's personal representative, bear
ing the "President's own" draft of the
platform" and 'news that he desires
the renomination of VicePresident
Marshall, firmly established the har
mony programme for- the Democratic
National Convention which opens to
morrow. Wlien Chairman William F. McCombs,
of the Democratic National Committee,
let's his gavel sound at. noon tomorrow,
leaders expect all pre-convention dis
cord to be blended in one harmonious
note. A programme of agreement on
both the Presidential and Vice-Presidential
nominations and the platform
as well was apparently arranged by
the leaders.
Boomleta Fade A Tray. -
Vice-Presidential booms and boom
lets, around which most of the pre
convention fights have centered, wilted
away tonight under influence of the
personal message from the White
House, brought by Secretary Baker,
that the President desires Mr. Marshall
as his running mate.
Secretary Baker also effectually dis
posed of the Vice-Presidential boom in
his own behalf which had attained
prominence in the belief in some
quarters that Mr. Marshall lacked
genuine Administration support.''
'The President is for the re-nomination
of Vice-President Marshall" was
the emphatic statement tonight from
Secretary Baker on his arrival with
the platform draft substantially com
plete and written largely if not wholly
by the President himself.
Marshall Alone Considered.
"So far as I know." Mr. Baker an
nounced, "the President has not con
sidered any other nominee. As to the
movement started in my behalf, I am
for Mr. Marshall. I am here as a dele
gate from Ohio. I ran in a popular
primary pledged to support Mr. Mar
shall and obviously could not allow
myself to be considered."
The "President's .own" craft of the
platform a single copy will be de
livered by Mr. Baker to Senator Stone,
of Missouri, chairman-to-be of the
resolutions committee. Little change
in It is expected, and Mr. Baker said
he came here as the means of com-
Concluded on Page 6, Column l.
Bomb Theory, in Grain Elevator
Conflagration, Advanced Los?
I'ifY ;at More Than 2 Million.
BALTIMORE. June .13. Pennsylvania
Railroad Elevator No. 3 on the harbor
front at Canton, a suburb, was burned
today with a loss of life conservatively
estimated at from four to 10 men and
injuries to more than 40 others. The
victims were mostly elevator employes
and cargo trimmers. Three of the in
jured were, in a critical "condition to
night . ' -
Two steamships, . the Willcm Van
Driel, Sr., a Dutch vessel, and the Brit
ish steamer Welbeck Hall, which were
loading grain at the elevator, also were
badly damaged by' fire and wreckage
dropped upon them. .-
The flames spread to an ore pier
next to the elevator, "badly damaging
it. Several strings of grain cars in the
elevator were butmcd.
- While the fire is thought to have been
caused by an expjosilon -of grain dust,
a theory was advanced that It may have
been caused by a. bomb. -This theory
will be investigated, it waa said. Con
servative estimates placed the loss at
more than J2,000,000. Altogether about
1.000,000 .bushels of wheat, oats, bar
ley, rye and buckwheat were destroyed.
Scores of -men barely escaped with
their live's. Thirty-four grain handlers
and stevedores who were partially im
prisoned In tha hold of the Welbeck
Hall fought their way to freedom over
piles of grain, lalning the deck of the
ship, they fVund their way to shore cut
off by the flames. Some of them jumped
overboard and were picked up.
Launches ran alongside, and took off
the others.
MURDER HEARD BY PHONE
Man In Brooklyn Hears Shot, Kill
ins Brother, In New York.
1
NEW YOUK, June 13. rllcnry Green,
proprietor, of a liquor store, was shot
and killed late tonight by one of
three robbers who attempted to hold
him up. Green was talking over the
telephone with a brother in Brooklyn
when the three men entered the store.
"Walt a minute, Davie,", he said to
his brother. "Here are three cus
tomers." A minute later the man in Brooklyn
heard the sound of a pistol over the
telephone wire. Becoming alarmed
whenhe' failed to get any further re
sponse from his brother, David Green
called police headquarters In New York
and asked that an investigation be
made. The police found the proprietor
of the store dying.
75,000 TO J3EJN PARADE
President to Lead Great Army of
Marchers at Washington.
WASHINGTON. June 13; The
capital's response tomorrow to Presi
dent Wilson's proclamation calling on
the Nation to celebrate Flag day will
be a great - preparedness parade down
Pennsylvania . avenue with the Presi
dent himself marching at' - its head.
Later hewill deliver an address..
The day will be a holiday under an
executive order excusing all Govern
ment employes from work and 1 5,000
persons, including many high Gov
ernment officials, are expected to form
in the line of march.
CAN YOU IMAGINE THE MOOSE FOI l OWlW
Drive Into Galicia Part
of Careful Plan.
SUDDENNESS ROUTS TEUTONS
General. BrussilofPs Brilliant
Swoop Makes Him Hero.
OPPORTUNITY IS SEIZED
Withdrawal of Austrian to Meet
Kalians Opens Wuy for Mighty
Advance by Slavs Under
Dapper, Vigorous Leader.
BY PICRC1VAL. .GIBBON.
PETROGRAD, via London, June 13.
(Special.) The people of Kleve are re
newing the emotions of the earlier
days of the war, when General Bus
siloff was storming through Galicia
and sending back score after score of
trains laden with Austrian prisoners.
, Now, after a long lull, the same trains
are. thronging in and the hilly, tree
lined streets are once more blocked
with long, gray columns of prisoners
dragging through to the camps.
Aantriana Only Make Outcry.
Tne police do not allpw cheers or
demonstrations of triumph within sight
of the prisoners. The only outcries
come from the only people in Kieve
over whom the police have no control.
These are Austrian prisonere, captured
earlier in the campaign, who since that
time have been employed in street
cleaning and similar jobs. They cease
their easy-going labor as the columns
arrive and greet their former comrades
with howls of derisive welcome.
Preparations for General Brussiloff s
latest achievement included the elimi
nation of all the newspaper corres
pondents from the front. Therefore,
save the skeleton narrative of the of
ficial dispatches, added to the meager
accounts which leak through from the
fighting armies, another stage on the
road to victory goes unrecorded.
Advance Part of AUlea' Plan.
1 find thai the opinion entertained
in official circles here is that this ad
vance is the first noteworthy result
of the co-ordination of the allies' war
plan which General Brussiloff hoped
to make last month.
The sector upon which the chief
progress is being made is on the Kovel
Rovno line, where General Puchalow
commanded the fourth Austrian army
with headquarters at Lutsk. This army
waj depleted lately when two army
corps were sent to the Italian front,
where the Austrian pressures were
greatly increased. Hence this sudden
movement which General Brussiloff
mentioned when he told me that the
"allies have a plan which will be ad
hered to."
Suddcnncaa of Attack Marvelous.
It'is impossible within the scope of a
cable message to do justice to the re-
Concluded on Fasre 2. Column 2.)
THIS OTTTF'T-
Maximum of 8 7 Decrees Is Main
tained for Hour, and Ice
War Is Being Waged.
The weather man got into bis stride
yesterday on the midsummer course,
and shoved the temperature up two
notches higher than it had been on
Monday, reaching a maximum of 87 de
gress at 4 P. M., which waa maintained
until 5 o'clock.
The high mark of the previous day,
85 degres, was passed at 2 o'clock yes
terday. Incidentally the weather man has se
lected the ideal moment for turning the
hot weather spigot,, to keep himself
popular with the common people; for
there is an ice war on' and the prices
have dropped from 65 cents to 40 cents,
with indications of a still greater drop.
Restaurant dealers aro also profiting
by the conditions, for their ice is down
to 20 cents.
Fair weather is still predicted for
today, though not so warm. The hourly
temperatures yesterday follow:
6 A. M.. 69; 6 A. M., 60; 7 A. M.. 64;
8 A. M.. 66; 9 A. M., 70; 10 A. M.. 73; 11
A. M-, 75; noon. SO; 1 P. M.. So; 2 P. M..
86; 3 1 M., 86: 4 P. M.. 87; 5 P. M.. 87.
STRIKE TO BE ARBITRATED
Butte Unions and Employers Are in
Fair Way to Settle.
.BUTTE. Mont.. June 13. The strike
of the. Butte Workingmen's Union and
the Butte Teamsters' Union, which had
affected many other trades and crafts
and forced more than 2000 men into
idleness, was in a fair way to be set
tled tonight, when the union leaders
decided to treat with the employers.
Both sides quickly decided on arbi
tration to settle the controversy.
BLOCK OF BUILDINGS BURNS
Eltopia, Wash., Eire Starts in Com
mercial Hotel.
ELTOPIA. Wash.. June 13. Fire,
starting In the Commercial Hotel from
an undetermined cause, destroyed. an
entire block of buildings here today,
including the building occupied by the
Eltopia State Bank.
The loss Is heavy.
INDEX OF TODAY'S NEWS
The Weather.
YERTERDATS Maximum temperature.
ST
degrees'; minimum. 00 degrees.
TODAY'S Fair, not so warm, northwesterly
winds.
St. Loula Convention.
President sends orders to Democratic cod
ventlnn by Secretary Baker. Page 1.
Juleps more interesting to Democrats tban
Grant's old home. Page 1.
Irvln s. Cobb tella how well delegates like
St. Louis Ice water. Page 3.
Oregon delegation to lead In fight for sut
frage Indorsement at St. Louis.
Democrats find much work to do.
Pa go 3.
Page 1.
War.
Canadians regain lost ground from
Ger-
mans. Page 4.
Hundreds of thousands of prisoners pouring
into Russian camps. Page- 1.
Official war reports. Page 4.
Mexico.
Washington In growing fear of outbreak in
Mexico. Page 2.
Foreign.
England pays tribute to Lord Kitchener's
memory, page 2.
National.
President Wilson makes plea for American
ism and real preparedness. Page "3-.
Independents blame Standard Oil companies
for high gasoline prices. Page 4.
DomcMtia. .
Railway strike conference Is failure. Page .
Four to ten meet death In
Page 1.
Girl's chum .makes case
Baltlmore fire,
against Orpet.
Page 4.
Hughes defines attitude toward
American support. Page 1.
Grrman-
Sport.
Pacific Coast League results: Portland 8,
Vernon 5: Los Angeles 3, San Francisco
2; Oakland tf. Salt Lake 2. Page 10.
Ham Patterson scores Baum for suspending
him. Page IB.
Braves and Keds play 10-innlng 0-0 tie.
Page HI.
Senators drive Walsh -out and beat White
Sox. 3 to 2. Page 17.
Amateur athletics. Page 20.
Beavers may obtain Rowdy Elliott. Page 20.
Pacific Northwest.
Veterans of two wars to hold encampment
In Eugene today; Page 7.
Monmouth Normal School alumni hold gay
reunion. Page 7.
Jury assesses Gladstone Councilman $10O0
for alienating Mrs. Ben K. Stark's af
fections. Page 6.
Plan to merge Albany College rwlth Pacific
University balked. Page i'0.
Commercial and Marine.
British embargo on American hops not yet
in effect. Page 21.
Chicago wheat advances on foreign buying
of July option. Page 21.
Stock market unsettled by Mexican develop
ments. Page 21.
Stcamboatmen make closed shop sole issue
In strike.. Page -'0.
Strike conference in Los Angeles la barren
pf result. Page 20.
Portland and Vicinity,
District Attorney Evans leads ticket on final
.count. Page 5.
Annual meeting of Boys' and Girls' Aid So
ciety held. Page 10.
July Fourth" celebration to be varied.
Page
Danger for Hughes candidacy in Oregon
ueen in dcublo delegation. Page C.
Fund for marketing campaign is sent to
O. A. C. by Chamber. Page 15.
Eastern Knights Templar, en route to con
clave, visit Portland. Page 8.
Fund for Armenian relief grows slowly.
Pa&e 1S
W. G. Roland stands to lose S12.000 estate
of Mrs. Harriet Scofield. Page 10.
Stiff fines curb traffic violation. Page lO.
Portland observes today' as birthday of
American flag. Page 22.
Re-passage of city links law- asked to allow
"up days in case referendum is invoked.
' ' . rage 11.
Oregon commercial bodies asked to send del
egates to Yellowstone Park meeting.
Page 9.
Temperature rises to ST degrees. Page 1.
Pacific fisheries convention opens here to
morrow. Page 1 1.
South Portland decides to extend campaign.
Page 20.
Republicans plan- big ratification xally.
'age to.
Bishop Hughes stops over for conference
with Methodist li-adrrs. Page 3.
Weather report, data and forecast. Pace 21.
Hughes Issues Supple
mentary Statement.
POSITION IS CLEARLY DEFINED
Attitude Toward German
American Support Expressed.
DAY GIVEN TO CALLERS
Progressive Leaders Gio l'lcdsca
of Support Dato of I'ormnl N'o
tilicatlon to Bo Settled
Within l ew Days.
NEW YORK, Juno 13. Charles E.
Hughes today defined his attitude to
ward German-American support as one
of "undiluted Americanism," In the first
statement issued since his acceptance of
the Republican nomination for Presi
dent. He said:
"I stated my position very clearly in
my telegram to the convention. My at
titude is one of undiluted Americanism
and anybody that supports me Is sup
porting an out-and-out American and
an. out-and-out American policy, abso
lutely nothing else."
Day Given to Callers.
The nominee's day, a busy one. was
devoted almost exclusively to receiving
callers. Ilia visitors were more numer
ous than yesterday. There' were so
many of them at one time that a line
was formed and they filed past to shako
hands and chat for a moment instead
of waiting to be received alone. Sev
eral Progressive leaders and Republi
can supporters of Colonel Roosevelt
were among them.
Everett. Colby, of New Jersey, who
placed John M. Parker in nomination
for the Vice-Presidency at She Progres
sive convention, and Theodore Douglas
Robinson, nephew of Colonel Roosevelt
and a former Progressive leader in
New York, called during Mr. Hughes
absence at luncheon. They left word
that they would return in a day or so
to deliver in person their pledges of
support. Oscar C. Straus sent a tele
gram from Cleveland pledging support
and followed in person later to con
gratulate the nominee and reiterate his
pledge.
Republican Leaders Make VIxHa.
Republican leaders who saw Mr.
Hughes included ex-Governor B. B.
Odell. of New York: William H. Crock
er and M. II. DeYoung. of Pan Fran
cisco: Dr. Nicholas Murray Butler and
Lloyd C. Griscom. of New York. IHr.
Butler, who placed Elihu Root in nom
ination at Chicago, spent nearly an
hour conferring with Mr. Hughes.
Henry Clews, the New York banker,
and Frank A. Vanderlip, president of
the National City Bank, of New York,
made brief visits.
Suffrage leaders sought vainly to
obtain the nominee's views as to their
cause. Miss Lucy Burns and Mrs.
Charles A. Beard tried unsuccessfully
to see him. Mrs. Laura B. Prlsk. chair
man of the woman's Republican com
mittee, of New York, had a two-minute
talk with him, in the course of which
he said he probably would make known
his views on suffrage in his formal
speech of acceptance.
The date of his formal notification of
nomination may be settled definitely
within a few days, as word was re
ceived tonight at headquarters that the
siib-committee from the National com
mittee might reach here tomorrow to
confer with him. Mr. Hughes present
plan is to receive the committee be
fore he leaves next Monday to attend
a class reunion, and the commencement
exercises at Brown University. .
LINN FARMERS'.6 HOSTS
City Eolks to Bo Invited to Bis
Fourth of July Celebration.
ALBANY, Or., June 13. (Special.)
Instead of expecting the merchants of
Linn County to provide a Fourth of
July celebration for them, the farmers
of the county are planning a celebra
tion to which they are inviting the
city folks.
The event will be held under the
auspices of the Farmers Union in a
large grove about one mile south ot
Lebanon. The events of the day will
include addresses by several prominent
citizens, a baseball game, all the dif
ferent foot races and the greased-plg
chase, and last but not least a big
barbecue dinner to which all have been
invited.
BOYS' BOX TRADE THRIVES
Street-Cleaning; Bureau Reports He
suits of Sales During Festival.
Portland has some very ambitious
lads, ac-ording to a report prepared
yesterday by Superintendent Donald
son, of the Street Cleaning Bureau.
He reports that his bureau after the
last Rose Festival pa-ade hauled away
40 truck loads of boxes the boys had
taken into the business district to sell
for curb seats.
Hundreds of tons of paper and other
waste materials were gathered up
from the streets at the close of the
Festival. The paper was taken to the
iucincrator while the boxes were dis
tributed to poor families for fuel.
i
1