THE MORNING OREGOXIAIT. MONDAY, MAY 29, 1916. I-UKTLASD, OREGON. Entered t Portland (Oregon) Postofflce as econa-ciaas mail matter, subscription Kates invariably in advance iTiv Mali I Bally, Sunday included, one year f 8.00 Pally. Sunday Included, six month! 4.25 ny, aunaay included, tnree months... 2.3 Dally. Sunday Included, on month 7S Dally, without Sunday, on year 6.O0 any, witnout Sunday, six months. 8.2S Daily, without Sunday, three months... 1.75 Dally, without Sunday, one month. 60 . weekly, one year. . 1 50 Sunday, one year. . 2.60 Sunday and Weekly, one year 8.80 , (By Carrier.) Dally, Sunday Included, on year .00 ounuu inciuaea, one montn .73 How to Remit Send postofflce money Order. exOress order or narunfll 4iflr rtn your local bank. Stamps, coin or ourrency io senaer s risK. Give postofflce address In full. Including; county and state. Postage Rates 12 to IS pages. 1 cent; 18 to 82 paxes. 2 cents; 34 to 48 pases, 3 cents; w iu o paxes, cents; to 78 paxes, 6 cents; 78 to 82 paces, 6 cents. Foreign postage, double rates. Koetern Business Office Verree & Conk. Iln, Brunswick building. New York; "verree Cor.klln, Steger building, Chicago. Ban Vanclsco representative. R. J. Bidwell. 742 i-ORTLAXD. MONDAY, MAX 9. 1916. MB. WLLfiOXTS PEACE SPEECH. President "Wilson's declaration of Adhesion to the principle for which the League to Enforce Peace stands will he welcomed and apiproved by very lover of peace founded on 11b- erty and' international Justice. His speech at "Washington la recognition of the facts to which Bryan lte pacif ists and little Americans obstinately close their eyes. He sees that there are nations, as there are men, which will endeavor to set might above right, and which can only be brought by superior might into submission to the rule of right. -He sees that a league of nations to maintain peace with justice and honor would- be Impotent without the physical power to enforce Its decrees. He also sees that a greater development of American mili tary resources is necessary, tooth, to defend the United States until the league is established and to enable this country to do its part in the work of the league. But in defining: the attitude of this Nation toward the war and in, laying down the fundamental principles for which the United States would work in the restoration of peace, he has seri ously impaired his usefulness as a pos sible mediator. , In his speech to the National Press Club .he said: There are two reasons why the chief wish of Americans Is for peace. One la that they love peace and have nothing to do with the present quarrel, and the other Is that they believe the present quarrel has carried those engaged In it so far that they cannot be held to ordinary standards of responsibility and that, therefore, as some men have expressed It to me, since the rest of the world Is mad, why should we not aim ply refuse to have anything to do with the rest of the world T The war is being waged by the most civilized and intelligent of the gTeat nations of Europe. They resent as an Insult any suggestion that they are mad and "cannot be held to ordinary standards of responsibility." That is as much as to say that they have no clear idea for what reason they are killing each otHer. They have a very well defined idea. Germany believes it is fighting for self preservation, for the right to expand as the growth of its papulation and as the superior effi ciency which it claims to have demon strated justify. Austria knows that it is fighting against dismemberment, Turkey against extinction. The allies believe that they are engaged in a holy war against military domination by a group of powers which have no respect for liberty, justice, humanity or treaties. They believe that the principles which they fight to estab lish are well worth the sacrifice; that, If the central empires were to tri umph, life for the defeated nations would be intolerable; and that a patched-up peace after an indecisive war would be only a less evil than de feat. Not only every man but every woman in the warring countries will bitterly resent the suggestion that they know not for what they make such awful sacrifices. The first of Mr. "Wilson's three fun damental principles of a lasting peace will be respected by some belligerents on 'both sides and will be accepted only with reservations by the others. It would require a popular vote in every piece of debated territory where races mingle and which is claimed by the adjoining country to which each race is akin. Great areas of territory are claimed by rival nations on historic rrounds without regard to the wishes of the majority of the present popula tion. That is true of the Austrian ter ritory claimed by Italy, of the Aus trian territory claimed by Serbia, of the Serbia"n territory claimed by Bul garia, and of Alsace-Lorraine. The Christian peoples of Turkey have only submitted to Turkish rule until they could throw It off, and the Turks are regarded as intruders by all of Europe except their present allies. The Chris tians of Turkey would refuse to be bound by a referendum In which the Turks had a part. If the allies should conquer Turkey, they would not apply this principle there, nor would either party apply it to the colonies inhab ited by barbarians. The second principle relating to the rights of small states will be regarded by Germany as a direct attack on its treatment of Belgium and Luxemburg, and by Austria as an attempt to re store Serbia and Montenegro, which have been thorns in the empire's side and obstacles to Its expansion. It will be taken by the central empires as evidence of a decided leaning toward their enemies. The victors in the war, should there be any victors, would only per mit the third principle, which forbids aggression, to come into operation after they had redistributed territory to their liking. That probably would involve "disregard of the rights of peoples and nations" as defined by the first principle. The losers would be unwilling to accept as final a partition dictated by the winners, so long as they could entertain hope of a read justment. Should the allies lose, the French of Alsace-Lorraine would still nourish hope of reunion with France, Belgium of independence, the Serbs and Roumanians of racial union each In one state, and the Christians of Turkey would still look forward to mancipation from the Turkish yoke. Mr. "Wilson, shows blindness to the essential facts of the war in his ref erence to its beginning as a. surprise, as great as in his assumption that the belligerents dc not know wihat they are fighting about. The only surprise was the sudden climax at the particu lar time at whlch it came. That the whole trend of events for several decades had been toward such a cli max had .been seen and declared by very student of contemporary his tory. It was realized by all except those who refused to see. Mr. "Wilson's speech, while a potent Id to the cause which Mr. Taft cham pions, will not advance the cause of peace in the present world-conflict. It will not, Incline either group of, bel ligerents to accept his mediation. At the present stage of the war, when one party Is, still in the other's terri tory and continues violently asreres slve, and when the other is bringing vast new armies and new supplies of material into the field in confidence that the scale will turn in its favor, a renewed offer of mediation is not timely. The tone of the speech and of that delivered before the National Press Club reVeals such blindness to the issue that the belligerents will be less likely to welcome Mr. Wilson's overtures for mediation. WHERE DOES HE STAX1) T The supporters of Colonel Roosevelt for President, or some of them, are mightily disturbed that anyone should think of nominating Justice Hughes for President until he has opened his mouth and has told where he stands. How about preparedness, they ask? And Mexico, too? Is he pro-German or pro-ally? Or neither? Or both? Would he go to war over the Lusl- tanla, or would he not? "What does he think of the British blockade? Who knows whether he Is a progres sive or has become a reactionary' So it goes. The fire of questions seems to have no visible effect on the Judge, nor on the tremendous movement in his direction. But it is undeniable that the ques tions have some pertinence. It would be far more satisfactory to the Repub- lican convention to know just what the Judge thinks on vital public ques tions. But there is no expectation that he will speak, and if they take him it will be because he is known to be a sound and true American, of high character, great ability, exceptional courage and fine record. But one question is as fair as an other. If it is proper to ask about Hughes, let us also hear about Roose velt. There is a loud call from his friends. and from others, who were not his friends in 1912, for the Republican party to nominate Roosevelt. It may do so. But It is to be assumed that. before it shall be done, the Republi can convention will want to know a thing or two. It will ask, and it has a right to ask, and to know, whether Colonel Roosevelt Is a Republican. He has not said he is and no one has ven tured to say so for him. Is it reasonable to ask a Republican convention to name for President a candidate who declares his allegiance to another party? EXFJERIMLN T1XO IX CONSTITUTIONS. The committee appointed by the Salem conference to draft a rural credit measure have doubtless given the . subject careful study. Perhaps they have prepared a measure so per fect that there is Justification for mak ing it a part of the constitution rather than a leaf in the statutes. But, If so, they have accomplished wonders. Rural credit is an untried principle in America. There is practically no guidance for a law on the subject ex cept that obtained from European countries wheve conditions of life, habits of the people, density of culti vation, clarity of titles and a dozen other elements vary from those In this country. Injection of detailed legislation into the constitution on any subject Is bad practice. It violates the intent of fun damental law. So far Oregon has es caped entanglement of constitution and statutory law but only by constant vigilance against the activities of pro fessional lawgivers and extremists. Yet here we have the effort again and from what is supposed to be a conservative body. The committee, as already stated, has proposed certain experimental legislation. It would put it into the constitution a permanent, rigid Instrument where it may be corrected, if found defective, only by vote of the people. If after the amend ment had been In operation some change of only a few words was fully demonstrated to be necessary, some one would have to provide several thousand dollars for Initiative peti tions and the taxpayers would have to foot the cost of an addition to the ballot, all to accomplish that which the Legislature, were the rural credit law not a part of the constitution. might do In thirty minutes. It is conceded that rural credit can not be provided without amending the constitution. But constitutional amendments should be brief, certain, permanent and fundamental. A self operating amendment on rural credit cannot be either. But it is possible to draft a rural credit amendment which will have all these elements if the de tailed operation thereof ia left to or dinary enactment. A short -amendment authorizing the state to incur indebtedness or lend its credit for rural credit purposes, ac companied by an initiative statute providing the details for operating the system would, we think, be much more pleasing to thousands of voters who have a hopeful interest in rural credit, yet are mindful of the need to preserve orderly and economical methods of lawmaking. IT WAS A FREE EXPRESSION. Some speculation has come, both from without and within Oregon, as to what might have happened had the name of Colonel Roosevelt been print ed on the ballot as that of a candi date for the Presidential nomination. The fact is entirely overlooked that Colonel Roosevelt's name did appear on the ballot in such a way that almost as direct an expression by the voters was possible as to his acceptability as if it had been printed among the list of candidates. Among the numerous candidates for delegate-at-large, two in their ballot slogans declared their preference for Roosevelt. In the first district there was one avowed Roosevelt candidate for district delegate, and in the third district two avowed Roosevelt candi dates. Without a doubt the ballot slogans Indicating the candidate's preference for President had an important effect upon the choice of delegates, although it may be conceded that personal acV quaintance and favorable reputation were elements in a minor degree. Most significant was the vote for dele-gates-at-large, Inasmuch as the per sonal factor naturally had less influ ence than In the Congressional dis tricts. George J. Cameron, who led the ticket, had printed on the ballot oppo site his name: "Personally I am for Hughes. Will support the people's choice for President." C. W. Fulton, who stood next, de clared "For Hughes for President." Daniel' Boyd, third on the list, had the following slogan,: "Favor Hughes and Borah. Will vote and work for Oregon Republicans' choice." Charles H. Carey, fourth, and Ar thur C. Spencer, fifth, pledged them selves to support the people's choice, without expressing a personal prefer ence. Russell Hawkins, sixth, de clared for Hughes. aod, Samuel C. Peterson, seventh, was noncommittal as to candidates for President. It was not until the eighth on the list is reached that we find a candi date who expressed an open prefer ence for Colonel Roosevelt. He was Charles W, Ackerson, and he was de feated by more than 15.000 votes by the lowest of the four successful can didates. Four years ago Mr. Acker son, then politically unknown in Ore gon, published a Roosevelt ballot slogan, and led the field in the vote for National delegates. In the First Congressional District three candidates for delegate declared themselves for Hughes. The fourth declared for Roosevelt and was a bad fourth in the running. In the third district the highest Rooesvelt candidate stood fifth in the voting and was defeated by 7500 votes by the lower of the two successful candidates. In the second district only one can didate expressed a Presidential pref erence and he was -for Hughes. He was elected. In some states the Presidential pri mary vote is determined only by the vote on pledged delegates. Oregon has both the direct method and the delegate method. Candidates for delegate nominated by petition need not even pledge themselves to accept the party's Instruction as expressed in the direct vote,' Colonel Roosevelt's name did not appear on the ballot pro vided for direct expression of the party's choice, but it did appear on that portion of the ballot devoted to election of delegates. The result leaves no doubt as to how Oregon stands. HELP TO SATE THE ARMENIANS. Among the several nations which are suffering death and destitution through the great war, the Armenians endure the direst wrongs. In their case a deliberate purpose of extermi nation is shown by the Turkish gov ernment. The men have been or are being massacred by wholesale. The women and children are driven into the desert to starve after having been robbed and subjected to nameless bar barities. It is estimated that out of a population in Turkey, Persia and Syria before the war of 2,000.000, massacre, wounds, disease and exhaustion have killed 750,000 and that 1,200,000 more are destitute and starving. The fiend ish work still goes on, for a recent Is sue of the London Times contains the following: A lady just returned to Provri mm Trebixond. describes, on the authority of the Ulnlted Statea CTonsul hnw t. Tnrlii before evacuating the town drowned the Armenian children In the sea wholesale Grown-up persons were shot In crowds. About a mousand Armenians are said to have escaped to me mountains. No better adrilti observance could b chosen tin fhot of contributing to the aid of a martyr nauon, wnich is being sacri ficed to racial and r-Allc1rtiia imft- That daV has hppn mot nr.ar Tny ia purpose throughout the Nation by the A ... tiuicniiaji tommitiee ror Armenian ana Syrian Relief, of n-hlrh fh Pnrt, land local committee is headed by Mayor Albee and is composed of lead ing men of all creeds. How much is needed can be conceived from the fact that 16. 000. 000 will ha rin1rul to rehabilitate the destitute and starv- ng and that onlv 1600.000 hm ,.,n raised thus far. How sum will do is shown by the statement mac - one collar will keep ten per sons' alive in, Armenia for one week." Uhe best rronf of in-nHtnH nrhrT we Americans can give for the peace ana prosperity we enjoy, in contrast with the misery which has fallen on other nations. Is to riv llhraliv in aid of war's Innocent victims. The gifts of the American people to all the afflicted nations have been great, but they are less than those which have been made by the nations that endure the strain of war. France and Britain each give to the Belirinna mora ottoi-it two weeks than the United States has given during the entire period since the destruction of Louvnln rt gifts to the Belgians emml nnlv siv cents, per capita of our population. wvuivuiuB uio ueeu ui Armenia witn our comparative abundance, we have not done our Tart. The, nnnr r,f our people enjoy affluence by con trast witn me lot or Turkey's victims. Oregon should give freely and often. Subscriptions ahnnM ani tn n.,. Selling, treasurer of the Portland com. mmee, x ourtn ana Morrison streets. ROMANCE AND WAR. The decline of romance Is a fnvnHt topic of those who see in modem ma chinery and modern materialism an end of it. A favorite charge is that all the romance has been ground out of the war in Europe; that the fray is a mere matter of mnrhinArv in nr,h the human factor is reduced to a mini mum ana men are nothing more than cogs in a machine of Frankenstein conception. Nothing could be farther from -trie truth. If romance Is not seen in mod ern War. it is dun tn ha riefeotlvn vision of the observer rather than to aDsence or those dramatic, romantic and tragic elements which have be longed to wars of the past. To be sure, war is no romance in the lighter sense of that term. But romance thrives in the heat of battle. One may see Verdun as a seething cauldron. Or one may look closer and discern nunareo-s or tnousands of individ ual units of the grim picture perform ing deeds of valor, acts of eif-os no tice. Is romance absent in the story or tne young bridegroom whose Zep pelin falls into London and delivers him into the hands of rv, TtiHtih the very, hour he was to have dined wun nis gin wire in Berlin? Is there romance in the fHa-ht rf n vin in an oxcart attended by a few faithful peasants i is mere romance In the friendly visits and parleys of opposing troops during a lull in trench fie-ht- lng? The list of ivim antic a nf incidents might be extended through man V columns. RftmanM ia a c K Jective rather than an objective ex perience, xi one aoes not perceive ro mance, then the fault Is from within. It may be that appreciation of ro rance has waned, that materialism and the shocking horrors of war have blunted the normal human sensitive ness to romantic rjerceriHons 'Rut the possibilities remain, and never in ricner aDundance than in these stirring, world-changing days. THE PBOBLESI OF CRITICS. Of all the problems that foener tn rough paths of artists and artistes. that of the critic is most baffling. These grim personages, vitriolic of na ture ana ungenerous with the milk of human kindness, are the drag ons who ruard the nnrta In nf nrv.ca Wringing kind words from their un" wining pens is much the same sort of undertaking as soliciting alms from a miser unless one has received t.n countersign from the gods of genius. At irieasant vaney, Arkansas, a musical entertainment was given re cently which suereesta a new nni. blUtvj for amateur artlstej in coping- with the critic problem. Heed the appended observations of the town newspaper critic as unearthed by an exchange: The third number on the programme was a saxophone solo ty Miss Birdie Puffer. Mu slclana are agreed that the saxophone is an Instrument -out of which but few can get -real music, bnt Miss Birdie played it beauti fully. She la a popular member of our most exclusive social set and Is also noted for having once rwhlpped a gentleman who did not appreciate her saxophone playing. What careful reader can fall to dis cover an itching desire on the critic's part to do Miss Birdie and her saxo phone to a turn? He takes a subtle fling at the saxophone. But he ap proaches Miss Birdie with considera tion, covering his true feelings under such & volume of outward praise that the vague undercurrent may have escaped the artiste as well as the read, lng public, yet is not the implication plain? The critic had no desire to share the fate of that other unappre- ciative individual who Incurred Miss Birdie's emphatlo displeasure. An artiste of her versatility should not hesitate to Invade any field. If her reputation could precede her doubtless some of the critics might find it expedient to discover in her playing the fire of true genius rather than risk her displeasure. Fame would, follow with certainty. An ar tiste with Miss Birdie's Insight into the critic problem is wasting her tal ents in an Arkansas hamlet. American advocates of preparedness should take notice that General Gal lienl. the savior of Paris, made his army an effective machine by cutting red tape and sending the political gen erals to the rear. He would have made short work of Judge Adams Car son, Representative Hay's pet, and of the National Guard politicians. There la no room for chair warmers and gold laced dandies in a real war. A citizen of the United States, a marble dealer of Burlington, Wash- has been grabbed at Vancouver as a possible German subject and held pending proof he is what he asserts. Meanwhile the men at Washington who run the great asylum of political liberty are busy making slates and figuring on elections. Thousands of men. can appreciate the condition of the boy in a local hospital suffering from the effects of using tobacco the first time, and the same thousands can recall they did not have a hospital to go to, but had to fight It out and take the "licking" be sides. The insanity plea produced no im pression on the Waite jury, being worn to a frazzle. The jury wisely decided that, if there was any doubt, the pub He, not the murderer, should get the benefit. Lane County Granges have organ ized Into an egg circle to market the product, but the burden of work is on the members to gather those eggs while they are fresh. The weak point about the chances of the favorite sons Is that they are only favorites of their own states while Justice Hughes is favorite of the whole United States. The Administration evidently is getting onto Carranza, for it regards his demand for withdrawal of Persh ing's army as intended for home con sumption. Homesteadlng of Alaska land gives us cause to hope that bonanza farmers as well as bonanza miners will yet come from the North to Winter in the States. Generally the man who owns the show rides in the buggy at the head of the procession, but often it's a bigger man the press agent. That is a proud mother in Albany whose four children graduate from the high school this week and she is entitled to the seat of honor. Poisoned drinking water kills birds and dogs, but the cat escapes. Cats are fed milk, which in Portland is the finest in the land. The show cannot live up to the billboards, but the calliope (four syl lables, please) delivers the same old music An Olympla man is 100 years old, but he was raised in Old Missouri, where longevity gets a running start- Lots of the old maids of Boston who don't raise their boys to be soldiers" marched in the preparedness parade. Too bad the Eugene Radiators are not corning down for the Rose Festi val. They are a gingery crowd. 'I'M t. Inn o-Tfl trtk. frytxs a of fst. Vi I o week is "normal temperature," just the thing for the roses. Moviner ahead the hle"h school rlnrlo an hour may work well enough to spread over the city. The old guard will have to surren der this time; if it should die, it would be unmourned. Denver has learned that no machine is efficient unless it is run by ef ficient men. Portland can supply orators for all the Fourth of July celebrations in Oregon. Wilson's peace overtures would be better received after Verdun is won or lost. Suppose some foreigner had come butting in for peace after Gettysburg. With lumber as, with beef the profit in future will be ln-the by-products. The sooner Waite is in the chair. the better off the world will be. Morgan may let the office boys off easy and .put men on the jobs. Crook County will be the Aroostook of Oregon with her potatoes. All men are boys today watching the elephants pass. Is this to' be the year of the cold Summer? Memorial day has the first call nn flowers. A Confessed Woman-lister. New York Post. "So. doctor, you are still slnsrle. AH. I fear that you are somewhat of a wo man nater." May, madam; it is to avoid becoming one that I remain a bachelor," How to Keep Well By XV. A. Evans. Questions pertinent to hygiene, sanitation ana prevention of disease, if matters of gen eral interest, will be answered in this col umn. Where apace will not permit or the subject is not suitable, letter will be per sonally answered, subject to, proper limita tions and where stamped, addressed en velope Is Inclosed. Lr. evidi will not make dlaRnosis or prescribe- for individual dis eases. Requests for such service cannot be answered. (Copyright, 1816. by Dr. W. A. Evans. PnblUhed by arrangement with the Chicago inoune.) Fainting;. THE house was dark. A young girl and her escort were leaving. They had reached the back of the au ditorlum and were making their way toward the door. The girl stopped and leaned against the 'wall. She murmured that she was about to faint, and then crumpled up and slid to the floor. A physician entered the thea ter in time to hear the young lady say that she was about to faint. He helped to ease her to the floor. He straight ened out her body so that the vessels of her neck were not pinched. Prea ently the young lady's pulse began to beat at the wrist. About this time the esecort wanted to get a cup of water. But what was the use? The young lady wh.s beginning to become conscious, lie then wanted to get a glass of whisky. But what good could that doT The color began to appear in the young lady's face. She opened her eyes and looked around In semi-consciousness. And at this time things began to hap pen. Some one had gotten word to the head usher. He came running up. With out stopping to make any inquiries or observations he grabbed the young lady In- his arms and. throwing her head over his shoulder, he carried her out somewhere, presumably to the la dle s e ' retiring room. The position in which the young lady was carried was against the man's right side with her head bent on her chest hanging over his right shoulder. I judge that his theory was that he would get her out of the auditorium in order to prevent a gathering mob and perhaps a panic. As it was. not over six per sons saw the fainting and were aware of what subsequently happened. ' And now let ua see what harm might have resulted from the foolish act of the foolish man. When the heart fails to pump enough blood to the brain fainting results. The only treatment needed for fainting Is to permit the patient to lie flat in a comfortable po sition for a few minutese. If some one has some ammonia or Bmelling salts a whiff helps. When this man lifted the girl into an upright position and threw her head over his shoulder, he did Just exactly the worst thing he could have done. She had a rlarht to faint again. Had she fainted, his act would have been the cause. Suppose Instead of a young girl In her late teens she had been a some what older woman with heart dis ease. The act of the usher could eas ily have killed her by causing her heart to stop beating. Suppose again, instead of a faint, the case had been one of apoplexy, the act of the usher would probably have caused death. In apoplexy blood Is spurting Into the brain from a broken artery. Manhan dling the patient ia likely to increase thu outpour of blood. So far as the usher knew the young lady might have been suffering from either of these conditions. He rushed up in the dark, said nothing to any body, grabbed the girl, threw her over his shoulder, and went out with her. Perhaps theater owners might prevent damage suits by having their head ush ers join an American Red Cross class in first aid. Muscular Atrophy. Mrs. W. F. writes: "My boy, who Is now 12 years of age, did not start to walk until nearly S years old. He was never able to run like other children. About two years as:o he started to walk with more difficulty, and grad ually became worse until he could bare ly drag himself slowly on his tiptoes only. About six months ago he stopped walking entirely. The doctors, pro nounce his disease "muscular atrophy.' and incurable. Do you agree with those doctors? Is there a state or municipal Institution where such chil dren could be placed? I am not a strong woman myself, and have six other children to attend to. My husband be ing a workingman, we could not af ford to place him in a private sani tarium." REPLY. The physicians are prohably right In their diagnosis. Behind the atroohv Is organic nerve disease. The outlook la not rood. Take mm to tne county nospuai. lie will get no better care anywhere. Child's Afternoon Naps. W. A. S. writes: "Is It better for a child years old to have an after noon nap and be allowed to remain up until 8:30 or 9 o'clock or should she have no nap and be put to bed Immedi ately after 7 o'clock dinner? Should she be allowed to nap as long as two and one-half hours In the afternoon?" , t REPLY. A ohlld 8H years of ae should sleep two hours In the afternoon and about 11 hours at night. Try to retain the afternoon nap If you possibly can. Cut it to one hour and put her to bed earlier than 9 if you can do no better. - Breedlns; Piles. M. D. writes: "Kindly Inform me in your column how to prevent breeding of flies around stables and in manure boxes." REPLY. If the manure box is emptied once a week there will be few flics. Cities where there is daily emptying of manure boxes and a daily garbage collection are free from flies. Disposal of manure ranks first In Import ance, as an anti-fly measure; garbage col lection Is second. If the manure cannot be emptied prnmptlv the next best method Is to treat It. Agents used for treatment are one pound of borax to every 16 cubic feet of tenure. The borax Is put in solution and sprinkled on the manure. Sulphate of iron, two pounds to a aallon of water. Is enough for a day for the manure uuiu uuo none, Arsenic is also used. WORD IS FOCXO IX EARLY WORK Jndge McGinn Gives First Boole Ref erence to "Greasers." PORTLAND. May 28. (To the Ed itor.) The first reference I can find in American literature where the word Greaser" is used Is (849) Buxton's "Life in the Far West," page 4. note: ine Mexicans are called Spaniards' or - 'Greasers' (from their greasy ap pearance) by the Western people." in ls3 in "Life ecenes." page 341. la found the following: "You don't mean to say that you think it's any harm to cheat the Greasers?" These citations are taken from "An American Glossary," by our former rellow-eltizen. Professor Richard H. Thornton, first dean of the Law School of the University of Oregon. It Is a great work. Dean Thornton has an Immense amount of additional material for a second addition. It is to be wished that conditions may be such, and that Dean Thornton may be spared to us to the end that his amended and completed Glossary may be given to the world, else an im mense amount of curious knowledge will be lost which to the philologist of the future must be of incalculable value in the preparation of the history of our composite Knglish tongue. JirJ.XrtX H. McGINN. Athlete and His Prises. New York Post. Dewitt What is the sense of that rule forbidding an athlete to sell his prizes? Winks They are afraid some fellow might find out how much his $110 cold watch reallx post. DELEGATES' VOTE V CONTROLLED -- Mr. Humphrey Resents Charge and Criticises Recent Political Tactics. PORTLAND. May 28. (To the Edi tor.) I don't like to be rushing into print, but It Hoes seem to me that it is time for Republicans who are inter ested in party welfare not from the point of view that through It we are going to secure a publlo office, but be cause through the success of the Repub lican party this country Is to enjoy greater prosperity and greater honor than It ever could hope to do under a Democratic administration, should take a stand and see that the undesirables are cleaned out. I attended the meeting of the cen tral committee .as a delegate from pre cinct 46. I was not pledged to support any man. although a did cast my vote for Dr. Allan Welch Smith for chair man. I am not a member of the Bolo Club, or any organization interested in any particular candidates and would refuse to Join any such. By voting for Dr. Smith 'I have been accused of doing as The Oregonlan Instructed. While I agree with The OreKonlan on many things I don't do so because The Ore gonlan says certain things are right, but because I personally believe they are right. I am sure that the majority of the voters who think as I do, do the same. The American voter Is not a dumb beast, but can and does think for himself at least a little. The meeting was a disgrace to the city of Portland and beats any case of eo-called machine politics that I have ever known. It was plainly an attempt on the part of a secret organization to rule the Republican party. I don't imagine that any of the sunoortera of Mr. Day who are at all fair-minded will try to claim that he was elected fairly. I certainly hope that he will not be serious about it and try to" hold the of fice. What should be done is for him to resign and then let us elect some man who has not been identified with either faction. Surely there Is such a man In this city. It needs a man of ability, for this Is a National election and Oregon s electoral vote must be cast for the- Republican nominee. Let us get above petty politics In a year when the vote of Oregon may not only affect us locally, but the Nation as a whole. I stand ready to get in and work for any candidate who Is clean and has the party Interest at heart over and above mere local factional fights. Another thing that the Republican party should do and that is to Insist that religion should not be a qualifica tion for office. It It one of the funda mental principles of this Nation that we shall be free to do as we wish when it comes to our religious beliefs. Those men who accepted the indorsement of the so-called anti-Catholic ticket should repudiate it as un-American. I voted for many of them, not because of the fact they were on a particular ticket, but because I thought they were the best men. I feel, however, that before election they should state publicly that they are not In favor of euch tactics and that they repudiate the same. I am not a Catholic. In fact, my grandparents on one side were strong Orangemen and if I had lived in the times that they did and felt the same would have been undoubtedly one, for In those times you were either Orange man or Catholic and could see no good In the other. But In this time and age there is no place for religion in poli tics and the quicker such a feeling Is killed the better. The men wh fn.f.r such a spirit ought to be taught their place, which is certainly not that of leadership. s. H. HUMPHREY ONE BOY EQUAL TO TWE.VTY CATS. But Bird Lover Would Not Kill Boys for Raiding Propensities. OLYMPIA. Wash.. May 87 (Tn th Editor.) In The Oregonlan Mav 82 I notice a short editorial Item In favor of the plea made by "Biologist" Finley, to "destroy cats and save the blrrta . It is plain to me that neither Biologist rull' nor tne writer of the editorial note knows anything about the rela tionship of cats and birds. Cats do not drive away or destroy birds y nome consists of six city lots on which are arrowinir shout thirt-u-.fi.. fruit and ornamental trews. We have two cats: my next nelrhhnr i same block has two: besides, we are visited by an occasional stray feline. Notwithstanding this it would be hard to find an equal area of virgin woods where bird life is more nlentifni th. year round. A half dozen pairs of robins "Ml n tne rrult trees every year while martins, wrens and blue birds nest about the buildlnsra. trvn k mlng birds make bold to build their neats ana rear their young in the branches of the vlnins- rn. .. cluster over the porches. Last winter, durinir the at we fed hundreds of sparrows, snow birds, marsh robins and robins about the yard, and very few were caught Cats catch a few birds, but If the cats are regularly fed. they will catch- very few. while they will keep a place free irom rats, mice and moles. One boy with a sling shot and with a slty to prowl after birds' nests, will do more to deplete the bird population than twenty cats, even hungry cats yet I would not advise killing the boys. I would teach them better. They are of no value as pets; as a financial Investment they are a dismal failure and they are not even ornamental, but they will grow up some day and maybe become politicians or biologists. So I wuuia save mem. But the point I wish to'mako 1. th.f cats do not destroy- bird life. Most birds are wise to cats. No one ever saw a cat catch a robin or a swallow. Very few have seen them catch a blue bird, a martin or a wren. They will catch an occasional sparrow, snow bird or marsh rotlin but In either case the loss is not great as neither of these is lnsectlverous. MRS. CHAS. D. KINO. Names of Prisoners. POR-TANrx May 28. (To the Ed itor.) (1.) What are the names of the rock-piles to which city prisoners are sent? (2.) How can one obtain the names of the prisoners in order to ou ,f a C6rtall youth is there? (3.) What city papers are furnished the prisoners to read? A SUBSCRIBER. (1.) The Kelly Butte rockplle Is the only one In operation, and at which prisoners are kept, at the present time. (2.) The names of prisoners com mitted to Kelly Butte may be secured nunourrs office, and from the Chief of Police, depending upon whether the person to be located was sent up from the Municipal or Circuit Court. (3.) The Sheriffs offloa -,.... t. . supervision of Kelly Butte. Is unable to aiate wnetner any local papers are furnished to the prisoners, buf thinks that it Is unlikely. - Report of Death "Exaggerated." LEWISTOV. H.hn nr.. t it- Editor.) I notice that E. E. Mallory has me in his "dead" list published In The Oregonlan of last Sunday. I do not care iu nave m7 uregon friends to under stand I am merely a dim shadow of the past. I came to Salnm with mn- i May. 18E7. wh T it h . ye.TS. Some day I am going back to ostein noia a reunion of the 1857 class, with myself as the only sur vivor. Please ask Mr ra11i-ir n - - j v. Euuirwiin else to tell us what has become of the many hundreds of pretty girls and good women who lived in Salem many years ago. His first effort was quite Interesting. Let him try again. KF,WI1.M1HI1 In Other Days. Half Crstsrr Aaro. Prom The Oregonlan. May 29. 1849. A telegram from St, Petersburg an- nounces the abolition of slaves In the capital of Toorkistan. recently captured by Russia. It was done by order of the Czar. H. Haines. 196 Madison street, haft found a silver watch on Yamhtll. be- tween First and Second streets. David Logan made a speech on Na tlonal politics at the theater last night. The little son of Captain William H. Smith, aged 8 years, has been misslr. since Saturday. He was last seen in the O. S. N. Company's shipyard. Washington The House Judiciary commitee has recently examined at great length Dr. James Merldeth. who alleges he was present at Montreal lq February, 1S65. at a meeting of prom inent rebels, among whom were Band- era. Tucker, Thompson and others, when the question of assassinating Lincoln, Stanton and Grant was talked over. John B. Weller. whose name Is notorious as an advocate of a Faclflo republic, will speak at Albany. Governor Glbbs and Colonel Hawkins, who have been touring the Valley, making speeches, will arrive Thurai day. Twenty-five Years Ago. From The Oregonlan. May . ISM. Detroit, Mich., May 28. The Fresby terlan General Assembly was suddenly brought to an end here today by the death of Judge Breckenrldge Just after making an address. He reached for a glass of water and collapsed and fell heavily to the floor. Washington Minister Lincoln has notified the President that a bill would be introduced Monday in the Commons authorizing the Queen to prohibit British subjects fishing in Behring Sea, Arlington, Or.. May 2R. A storra passed over here yesterday and the store of D. S. Sprinkle collapsed under the force of It, burying In the ruins Mr. and Mrs. Sprinkle and N. R. Baird. Fairhaven. They were Injured serU ousiy. Joseph Holladay, who has been ill for some time, was reported worse yester day, and E. J. Jeffery. who has been confined for some days, is improving. Isaae Kay, Sr., will retire from the firm of Kay. Brubaker & Co. Brubaker & Normandin will become sole pro- prletors. Congressman Binsrer Hermann, as) hearty and "chipper" as ever, arrived home from Washington yesterday." IT LOOKS BAD TO OXE OUTSIDH Elevation of Cheap Politicians In Mult-t nomah Diaaruata Republican. SCAPPOOSE. Or.. May 28. (To the Editor.) What kind of a meeting was th.t held last Thursday night by the Multnomah County Republican com mittee? I had thought the day of boss rule and steam-roller methods was over here In Oregon. Looking at the U. S. Senate, with both Senators Dem ocrats and with a part victory of sev eral Democratic Governors and many county officers lost to the Republi can party by reason of factional fights. t would seem that our leaders ought to have learned to stop such racketing. Who are the Boloists and the Ra diators, anyway? Are they not Just factions organized within the party In order to get the rpolls of office for their particular members? Would It not be better for the party's good that they go Into innocuous desuetude? It was the culmination of just such boss rule and steam rolling, only on a larger scale, that caused the Roosevelt revolt in 1912, which led the party to a dis astrous defeat. And Just such things will do it again In county, state and Nation. The common vote will not stand for them. Who Is this man Amldon? Isn't he the same man who quite recently re sorted to his fists in order to squelch a political foe? And wasn't he defeated in hia own precinct for county com mitteeman at the primary? A proxy may bo all right, but If should not be permitted to be held by a man who has been repudiated by his neighbors. They are his best Judges. And who is this man Clark? Wasn't he the man, who, two years ago, was implicated In some kind of ballot-box stuffing or counting? Are these the kind ot men whom the party wants at the huad of its affairs during such a campaign as we are entering upon? As to Mr. Day. it Is sufficient to note how successfully he guided the steam roller last Thursday night to the flat tening out of those who opposed his faction, to discredit him with the rank and file, who are expected to furnish the votes at the coming elec tion. These can see no reason why all members of that county committee should not have been heard upon all questions and that a full and fair vote should rot have been taken. They believe in a majority and not In gag rule. C. L. HATFIELD. Goats, Ten and Robber. Farm and Fireside. There was a time when the Turkish government imposed the death penalty on persons caught trying to smuggle out of the empire the best breeds of Angora goats. In 1881 a Californian bought four goats in Turkey, carried them on mules, camels and lnt a closed carriage for some hundreds of miles, sheared off their luxuriant wool, rolled them in coal dust and escaped with the goats. The descendants of these goats ' are found on ranches in the west and southwest, crossed with Angoras from South Africa and other parts of the world. Once the governments of China and Japan guarded with similar Jeal ousy the exportation of the tea plant. Some one escaped with some seed or cuttings, however. 4 0 years ago, and the original plantation of smuggled tea plants is still flourishing in South. Carolina. Fifty years ago Brazil was engaged in an effort to keep the rubber tree in confinement in that empire. The seed was smuggled to Ceylon, however, and for half a century East Indian planters have been perfecting the rubber trafe until now the best plantations are there. Rejected Lover's Exit. Washington. D. C, Post, "When you refused him my hand, papa, did he get down on his knees? "Well, I didn't notiee Just where he lit." How to Buy and Where! Here are questions vitally im portant to every home and to every member of the family. Each day the newspaper an swers them in its advertising columns. People sometimes wonder at the appeal of advertising be cause they fail to see its real news value. But regular advertising read ers understand. The appeal of the business news is direct, uni versal and personal. Not to read the advertising In a newspaper like The Oregonlan Is to miss one of the most val uable features of the paper.