TIXE MORNING OREGONIAH" MONDAY. APRIIi 17, 1916. PORTIXI. OKWION. Entered at Portland (Ornon) Postofflce as econd-class mail matter. Subscription F.ates Invariably In advance: (By Mall.) raily. Pinrfay lne'i.ie'i. one year Xij.iy. unria ln-luied, six months Iaiiy. unuay Included, tiiree monlbl... -;':? Ijil, Sun. lay Included, one month..... - Irt:;y. without Sunday, one -ar. ...... . f Jjaily. without Minrtay, six montha Ia:ly. without Sunday, three montha I .:-. without Sunday, one montn 1'? Veckly, one tar umiifcy. one year.... ......... fcuntiay and Weekly, on yur l Rjr f arrler. ra ly. Ftinrtay Included, one year 00 JUaily. Sundav tmjluded. one month..... How to Kemlt Send postofflce money or der, express order or personal check; on your lo al bank. Stamps, coin or rurrercy are at senders risk. Jie postof.'lce aiiJri-res In lull. lnclu-iir.g county and state. Postage Kates 12 to 16 pates. 1 cent: 1" to "ol paues. J cents; 84 to -- pages. 3 cent; 6 to 6" pages 4 cents; 2 to 7 pane ft cents: IS to SZ pages, 6 cents. J-orelgn postage, double rate.-. Ka-tern Kni4iie Office Verree A Conk lln Brunswick building. New Y.rk; erree "A Conklln. sterer building. ChlVago Mn Kranclsco representative, H. J. lildwell, Market street. -t itrmrn t ot the ownership, manarement, circulation, etc., ef the hunday Oreconltrti, published each Sunday at Portland, Ore ton, required by the Act of August 24, ISlIr Put:isher. H. L. Plttock. Portland. Or. "Editor. fcdgar B. Piper. Portland, Or. Busi ness manager, C. A. Mord-n. Portland. Or. Owner, Oregon lan Publishing Co.. Incor porated. Names and addresses of stockholders hold Ins; 1 per cent or more of total amount of eto-k: II. L. Plttock. Portland, Or.; Mr araret N. Scott. Portland, Or. Known bondholders, mortgagees and other ecurlty hoiders holding 1 per cent or more of total amount of bones, mortgages or .other securities: None. Average number of copies of each Issue of this pun.lcatlon sold or distributed, tnrougn the malls or otherwise, to paid subscribers during the six months preceding the date of this statement. 73,414. H. L. PITTOCK. Publisher. Sworn and subscribed before me this 3d slay rf April. 131&. (SEAL) W. E HARTMr?, Notary Public. (Mr commission expires May 25. 191. PORTLAND, MONDAY, APRIL, 17, 1916. I THE ITAH POWER CASE. If any doubt exist3 as to whether th states, entirely independent of power corporations, are wronged by the water policy which the executive officers of the Government pursue and which the Ferris and Adamson bills are designed to make permanent, it should be removed by the Intervention of six states In the appeal of the Beav er River Power Company against the United States befor the Supreme Court. In this case the Attorney-Generals of Utah, Colorado, Idaho, Nevada, Ne braska and Oregon have intervened In the name of their states. Advocates of Federal control over waterpower allege that opposition to their policy is Instigated by that figment of their imagination the power trust and proves that the public officers of these states are controlled by this trust and, if left free to regulate the power in dustry, would do so in the Interest of the corporations and against that of the public. That is a charge of cor ruption and incapacity apainst six states so monstrous as to be incredible. The case of the states as shown in the Joint brief of five among them is so strong that no cause exists for sud prlse that the administration has asked the Supreme Court to postpone hearing of the appeal until a newly-appointed Judge who is presumed to be biased in its favor has been seated. The states show that Governmental Jurisdiction over water is vested in the states ex cept as to navigation, and that own ership of water in the public land states is also vested in the states. They fhow that the United States has no Governmental prwer over public land; that lta rights are simpry those of pro prietors. They also show that the right of the states and their citizens to condemn Government land for pub lic use has been recognized by the courts and by Congress. All these fundamental principles re lating to the ownership and use of wa ter, and of public land as auxiliary to that use, have been established by an unbroken line of decisions by the Fed eral courts extending from a few years after the adoption of the United States Constitution to very recent times. They prove the action of the Forest Service and the Interior Department in recent years and the proposed legislation to be flagrant usurpation of the rights of the states. It is shown by the states' attorneys that all legislation by Congress has hitherto carefully recognized the rights of the states which are now brought into question. The local laws and cus toms basing the right to water oi ap propriation and us have been recog nized by Congress for fifty years. Right of way over public land necessary to use of water has been granted by tbat body, as to domestic purposes, min ing and Irrigation and, when develop ment of electric current by water pow er beg-an, was granted as to that use also. I This was the act of a proprietor, similar to that of a farmer who volun tarily gTants right of way to a rail road. But the power of a public serv ice corporation under the authority of the state to condemn right of way through public land against the oppo sition of the Government has also been recognized by the Federal Courts. Ex ercise of these rights was declared by Congress to be subject to the laws of the state or territory, and the Interior Department prior to the rise of Pinch otism held Its authority to be limited to that of a recording office, which should show where such rights had been initiated and where they- had lapsed, use being the condition of their retention. The Forest Service is shown to have flagrantly violated the law by exceed ing Its powers and by assuming legis lative power which was not granted and which Congress had no constitu tional authority to grant. The laws of 1S97 reserving National forests pro vides that no such "reservation shall be established except to Improve and pro tect the forest within the reservation, or for the purpose of securing favor abel conditions of water flows and to furnish a continuous supply of timber for the use and necessities of citizens of the United States." and no land was to be included that was more valuable for minerals or agriculture than for forest purposes. The Secretary of the Interior was authorized to make such regulations "as will insure the objects of such reservation, namely, to regu late their occupancy ar use and to preserve the forests therein from de struction." The law also provided: All waters on such reservations may he tid for domestic, mining, milling or Irri gation purposes under the laws of the state wherrln such f.-rest reservations are sit uated, or under the laws of the United States and the rules and regulations established thereunder. The laws of the state in question are those regulating the appropriation and use of water. The laws of the United States referred to are those granting the right of way over public land to facilitate that use. In both cases the laws were extended to cover power de-4 elopment- "Regulations were made by the Ag- ricultural Department as to National forests and by the Interior Department as to public land outside of National forests which far exceed the- power here granted. These regulations com prise a complete law- governing- the grant for Ions terms, though subject to revocation, of right to develop pow er. They exact rents and collect reve nue from these grants, and under this disguise exercise the taxing power. They were given "supervision," but they claim "Jurisdiction." They have assumed authority which the Federal law expressly recognized as vested in the states. No authority was given to grant franchises to power companies or to impose and collect charges. The Federal right of way laws authorize no such charge as to the land, and the states alone can Impose such charges as to the witter. The two departments have usurped powers of the states which, the Supreme Court has held, the states could not surrender to the Nation If they wished, and. have exer cised powers of Federal legislation which Congress did not and could not delegate to them. " If the Supreme Court decides all the questions raised in the Beaver River case, it will fix at ' once all the lim its between Federal and state Jurlsdic. tion over water and over public land In view of the strong- case made for the states, there is good ground for confidence that the decision will put an end to Pinchotism and all like at tempts at Federal usurpation. PESSIMISTIC. The City Commission has tacitly ad mitted that it cannot properly conduct a dog pound. It has farmed the busi ness out to the Humane Society. The Commission once went into the wood business. It not only imposed a hardship on many persons who were counting on wood sales to pay the cost of clearing up land, but lost a pile of wood a mile anS-a half long. The things the Commission does do it undertakes usually after much wrangling. In the light of facts and events we are unable to become enthused over Mr. Daly's scheme to install a muni cipal lighting plant. Somebody might walk off with the power house. Or the League to Enforce Peace would have to be called in to run it. In any event, what is the use in votoing on the question? The people deny the Commission the right to do a thing and the Commission does it any way. THE CASE OF PROHIBITION". SAX FRANCISCO. April 13. (To the Edi tor.) Regarding your article under date of April 1, l'.ili). under the heading "Boose Sale Wavers, Prosperity Gaina." I wish to call your attention to the sub-heading, "Merchants Report Increased Trade, With Cash Available." I would appreciate your advising; me how you can account for the decrease in bank clearings in Portland of 4.O"i0.lO for the first quarter of this year, as against the first quarter of 11)15, in a dry territory, as against the Increase of over $lu0.fKH),OUO In the bank clearings in San Francisco for the first quarter of this yesr over the first quarter 6f lll.-, a wet territory. I would greatly appreciate your giving me an expression in this regards. M. H. LEVIN. The Oregonian can account for a very considerable portion of the de crease in bank clearings for the first quarter of 1916 by citing: the unprece dented weather conditions. Business was interferred with during most of the quarter and for a time the de partment stores were keeping employes on duty only half time. Bank clearings indicate the amount of checks drawn on one bank and cashed by another. Consequently consolidation of banks reduces the to tal clearances. Two large banks In Portland consolidated in October, 1915. That alone Is probably sufficient to account for the comparative decrease between the first quarter of 1915 and the first quarter of 1916. We think the most hopeful prophet of economic improvement to follow prohibition would not have predicted an increase in clearings Jn three months. In the first quarter of 1915 there were upwards of 400 saloons In Portland. Each one had its trade. Most of them made a practice of cash ing checks, which ultimately went through the clearing-house. On Jan uary 1, 1916, the saloons went out of business. Local trado in their com modities totally ceased and a large number of checks naturally went di rect to the bank on which they were drawn. We have never heard it predicted that all the money previously ex pended for intoxicants would at once be devoted to the purchase of dry goods, groceries, shoes, real estate, automobiles or other articles of trade and barter. But if a portion of that money is expended with the merchants it is quite comprehensible to us that the merchants' business would show an increase and the total of bank clear ings still be less than when the saloons were in business. , . The Oregonian, hrAvever, is not ready to express the opinion that abol ishment of the liquor traffic has proved of economic benefit to Portland or Oregon nor ready to express an opinion that it has not. We have had no expectation that the economic case for or against prohibition would .be proved in three months or six months or twelve months. TESTING MORTAL WINGS. Some three years ago, when a trans-Atlantic aeroplane flight was an nounced, people tapped their heads significantly. Another aeronautical crank gone mad was the universal conclusion, and the dismal failure of the venture lent color to the suspicion. But this year, when we learn that the same thing will be attempted, not even the most radical doubting Thomas will sneer. " During- the past two years achievements of birdmen have become so marvelous that nothing is longer regarded as impossible In the way of endurance flights. Rodman Wanamaker again Is or ganizing the trans-oceanic expedition and plans are so well progressed that the super-aeroplane, or triplane, is un der construction. "It is to be-the big gest heavier-than-air flying machine ever constructed, which Is saying a great deal, since Russia has aircraft which convey as many as thirty-two passengers. There will be a driving power of 1 800-horsepower. This will be provided by six"twelve-cylinder mo tors of an entirely new design, each motor having 300-horsepower. A crew of six men will be required to operate the huge man-bird. The route has not yet been determined, although the starting point probably will be St. Johns. N. F. If the ambitious undertaking is a complete success a new era in transportation will have been opened. The total time of flight is estimated at thirty hours. Let a few huge aero craft pass from continent to continent in safety and a new commerce will be built up very shortly. Of course, the problems of weathering severe storms and of providing safety devices and coiult-rta.bje living accommodations for passengers will have to be adjusted. But those are details. There are grow ing evidences that man is destined to become a flying- animal at no remote period. MRS.I CHADWICK. The name of Chadwick has an hon orable and distinguished place in the history of Oregon and Washington in Oregon through the long and impor tant public service of Stephen Fowler Chadwick, and in Washington through the high place achieved by his son Stephen J. Chadwick, now a Justice of the Supreme Court there. Ex-Governor Chadwick, who died at Salem in 1895, had come to Oregon in 1851, and had identified himself at once with the group of pioneer men and women who were conspicuous in the development of Southern Oregon. He was a lawyer and naturally parti cipated in political activities. He was a member of Oregon's Constitutional convention and a candidate for Presi dential elector on the Democratic ticket in 1860 and 1864. He was elect ed Secretary of State in 1870, and in 1874 was re-elected, becoming Gover nor in 1877, upon the resignation of Governor Grover to be United States Senator. Throughout this time, and later, Governor Chadwick was promi nent in fraternal work,' and won ex ceptional distinction as a Mason. The place of Stephen F. Chadwick In Oregon belongs to what might be re garded as the second group of pioneers the courageous and capable men and women who came to the North west in large numbers in the early '50's; but he was contemporaneous both wlih earlier pioneers, such as Lane and Gaines, and with those later, such as Dolph, Mitchell, Williams, Kelly, Gibbs, Nesmith, Smith, Grover, Pennoyer, Slater, Pittock. Baker, El kins, Harding, Deady, Bush, and a host of others, who were active in the- war period, and after, and who for the most part have passed on. He was a genial, industrious, capable, and hon est man, and he deserves, and has a prominent niche in the Oregon hall of fame. The death of his widow, Mrs. Jane Chadwick, last week, serves again as a reminder that the ranks of the pio neers are fast growing- thinner. Mrs. Chadwick survived her husband by more than twenty years, living to a serene age, in the conscious knowledge that she possessed the deep affection of children, relatives, and many friends. . She was fortunate in having good health, a most cheerful nature, and the pleasant memories of a long and happy life. She had through her association with Governor Ch-.dwick, a personal part in many of the impor tant and Interesting events of the ter ritory and state, and her-recollections of them were vivid and refreshing, and her willingness and ability to tell of them were among her many delightful qualities. The passing of Mrs. Chad wick leaves a void at Salem and in Oregon which will not be filled. HOW PCGET SOUND WAS WON, Few citizens of what once was the Oregon country realize by what course of evepts that stretch of the Columbia river which now bounds Oregon and Washington was prevented from be coming the boundary between the United States and Canada. But for the pioneers who settled at Olympla and for those who scattered along the Cow litz, the claim of the United States to the territory which was finally award ed to it would have been much weaker. How this came about is related by Prof. Edmond S. Meany. In the Wash ington Historical Quarterly. When Dr. John McLoughlin moved the chief post of the Hudson Bay Company from Fort George (Astoria) to Fort Vancouver, in 182 7, the coun try north of the lower Columbia was British ,by occupation, though nomi nally under Joint occupation. Com munication between Fort 'Vancouver and Fort Langley, near the mouth of the Eraser, was kept up by sailing ves sel or by. boat up the Cowlitz, by por tage across the prairies to Puget Sound and by canoe down the Sound. The Nisqually House, which became Fort Nisqually, was founded ins 1833, as a half-way house on the Sound, and was the first white man's home on that body of water. Dr. McLoughlin tried to keep the country to the north ex clusively British and thus to secure it for the British crown by diverting American missionaries and settlers to the Willamette Valley. But as early as 1837 the attention of the United States Government was called to the Importance of Puget Sound. In that year William A. Slo- cum, a Government agent, after spend ing a few weeks In the Oregon country. reported that the Hudson Bay Com pany was trying to fix the British hold on the northern half by inducing Its retired employes to settle in the Cow litz Valley. Of Puget Sound he said: "I urge in the mosbyearnest manner that this point should never be aban doned," and suggested that the United States claim "at least as far as 49 de grees of north latitude" in order to take It in. In .1840 two American Methodist missionaries J. P. Rich mond and W. H. Wilson built the first American homes at Nisqually House and Were visited In 1841 by Commander Charles Wilkes' exploring expedition, which Joined them in cele brating the Fourth of July, but in that year the mission was abandoned. The first permanent "American set tlement on the Sound was made four years fater, while the country still rang with Polk s campaign cry: Fifty-four forty or fight." Michael T. Simmons arrived from Kentucky at Fort Van couver in 1844, intending to go to the Rogue River Valley, but on being in formed that American settlers must not go north of the ColunYbia he de cided to go these. After a preliminary trip up the Cowlitz, he started with eight companions In July, 1845, and they founded near the falls of the De chutes the town of Newmarket, the name) of which was afterwards changed to Tumwater. ..It. Simmons returned for, his family in October and was accompanied on the second trip by four other families and two single men. He built a sawmill, a gristmill atsd the first store on the site of what Is now Olympia. The British factors showed the same generosity to the Olympia set tlers as they had shown to other American pioneers and were sports manlike rivals for sovereignty. Pro fessor Meany says: Chic-f Factors McLousrlilin and James Douglas sent orders to Nlwiually House that the Americana should be supplied with necessary food. The prices asked were very reasonable, and the people to whom these fnvors were granted were the same ones who bad recently violated the orders not to settle north of the Columbia River. We get a hint in a letter from Dr. W. J. Tolmie. last of the Hudson Bay Company's officers on Puget Sound, which .Professor Meany quotes, that, but for Polk's jingo campaign cry, he might have won "Fifty-four forty" without fighting. Great Britain had many troubles, including a Canadian rebellion, between 1831 and 1846 and was apathetic about further acquisi tions in North America, but Dr. Xolmie wrote: The Government was probably roused by the Incessant and not unnatural nudging of the Hudson Bay Company and by Polk's loud crow of "Fifty-four forty or fight." But for these agencies all might have been yielded. , In those days and under the Joint occupancy agreement, possession was indeed nine points of the law. By taking possession Mr. Simmons and his party made easy the fixing of the boundary at the forty-ninth parallel. Had other settlers gone farther north of the Fraser River, Burrard Inlet and other inlets beyond. Polk might, by making less noise, have made the United States coast continu ous from the Arctic Ocean to the Mexi can line. There is a strange contradiction be tween the abundance of money in the banks, as shown by the Controller's last statement, and the comparative absence of speculative enterprise throughout the country. One would expect that with an Increase for one year of 20 per cent in resources and 25 per cent in deposits, and with a further lending power of $3,000,000,000 to $4,000,000,000, speculative borrow ing would be rife, especially when every Industry Is speeded up and mak ing rich profits. The explanation prob able is that the people have taken to heart the lesson of caution taught by the depression which preceded the present boom. They know that the source of the present glut of money Is artificial and that thelood of prof its on foreign sales w;hich now flows inward may as quickly flow .outward when peace is restored. They hesitate to commit themselves to investments, of w-hich the prospective source of profit may be destroyed' before they are completed. To these motives for conservatism are to be added the un certainties of the election and of the United States being drawn into the war. The divorce case of Dr. and Mrs. Ross is a reminder to -parents that they are not the only or the chief sufferers by conjugal discord. Their general quarrels react most harmfully upon their children, to whom they have assumed a lifelong duty. The least of the injury is the deprivation of the care and society of one parent. Still greater harm is done by the ex ample of irreconcilable quarrels and by the destruction of a "child's respect for one or both parents. The child learns by example that the bond of matrimony can be lightly cut and that it Implies no consideration for the children. When a couple brings a child into the world, the man and wife morally give bond to keep the peace for the good of the child. Selfishness and indifference to the moral claims of their children are a fruitful cause of divorce. Colonel Roosevelt can truly claim to be a peacemaker and a peacekeeper. He ended the Russo-Japanese war and prevented war between the United States and Japan. He stopped the blockade of Venezuela without blood shed. He preserved peace, and it was peace with honor, because he let the world know that, if a blow was struck at the American Nation, it would strike back. His successor has pre served peace without honor because he has given the world to understand that, when a blow is struck at this Nation, It will not strike back. The difference between Colonel Roosevelt and President Wilson is not the dif ference between one who aches for a fight and one who loves peace; it Is the difference between different kinds of peacelovers. Not many farmers have the nerve, when finding "an old dead cow down the lane," to dress the carcass and ship it to Portland, but a Marion County man did so, according to evi dence, and was fined $100. By and by, meat eaters will'confine themselves to pork and Angora mutton, which, by reason of suspected nature, are In spected so thoroughly as to be fit for consumption. Voluntary action makes such prog-- ress in preparing: for army that, if Congress does not hurry, the vol unteer army will be in existence be fore It Is legally authorized. It is in the United States as it has been in Great Britain; the people are pushing the government along the road to pre paredness. , That Is a wise pastor in Roseburg who is going to Kansas for a w'ife. Not that Kansas girls make Setter wives than Oregon girls, for that idea Is absurd. The reason is obvious to any congregation that has an un married leader. The dog pound, like the pesthouse, must -be located somewhere. If there be anything in a name, a humane society should be able to make the canine life so pleasant as to eliminate noise and other nuisance. The Clyde shipwrights are slow to learn that their country calls upon them not to miss a day in keeping Its navy, army and commerce supplied. Even war cannot teach some men pa triotism. The locomotive engineers possess the greatest organization in the land. They do not strike. When they make a request the roads grant It, knowing it is based on reason. The Canadians seem always to be chosen for the place of honor in battle because it Is the place of. danger and because they always stand firm. Portland is not so dirty as to require two weeks for a cleanup. The ex tended season will stop excuses from the man who "has not time." Irrigon, which sustained a relapse when Mr. Bennett moved Rabbitville across county lines, is reviving, due to natural causes. Idaho shows the advantage of hav ing a big man in a party. Borah will head the delegation to Chicago, for better, for worse. No, the wise men are not all dead. Bend has population of 3200 and nobody has started a daily paper there. As old Dog Tray hears the denuncia tory oratory at Creston, he remarks to himself: "Nobody loves me." The pheasants that are destroying early stuff In the Hood River gardens are connoisseurs, of course. If Condon is not "all righf." it will not be the fault of Editor Fltzmauric, JuBt elected Mayor. The Columbia Highway was more beautiful than usual yesterday. How to Keep Well ! y Tr. W. A. Evans. Questions pertinent to hygiene, sanitation and prevention of disease, if matters of gen eral interest, will be answered in this col umn. Where space will not permit or the subject is not suitable, letter will be per sonally answered, subject to proper limita tions and where stamped, addressed en velope Is inclosed. rr. Evans will not make diagnosis or prescribe for individual dis eases. Requests for- such service cannot be answered. (Copyright. 1016. bv trr. W. A. Evans. Published by arrangement with Chicago Tribune.) Antnrax. One of the first bacteria discovered was that of anthrax. The reason is that it Is so large that it can be readily seen with low power. Imperfect micro scopes the only kind the pioneers in bacteriology possessed. The disease is frequent in cows and horses. It is infrequent in man. Hu man anthrax is of several varieties. In most 'cases the bacillus gets into the tissues through some wound in the skin. For some reason, probably be cause of its large size. It Is held near the point where it got in. In over half of all the cases the an thrax carbuncle is on the face. In 83 per cent of the eases the infection is on the hands or arms. About two days after the exposure the carbuncle starts as a small red Itching point which feels and appears like an insect bite. In less than a dry the small pimple is a small blister, and within another day It is a fiery carbuncle. There is no way to tell this car buncle from an ordinary carbuncle, ex cept to examine for anthrax bacilli un der the microscope. This form of an thrax is not a very violent disease. Two-thirds of the cases get well. Perhaps some cases of anthrax car buncle are diagnosed as ordinary car bunole. Unless the sick man happened to be a dairyman or hostler, shepherd. butcher, tanner, wool sorter, or rag picker, it would not occur to the phy sician in most cases to examine the se cretion of the carbuncle under tha microscope. In Europe the peasants have internal anthrax. Perhaps it comes from eat ing pickled meat from animals that have died of anthrax. Edwards says that in Saxony in one year there were 2uo cases'of internal anthrax. The disease starts with a sharp risa in temperature. The fever is high. There is vomiting of blood. Blood is passed in the stools. Carbuncles of the skin may appear. If the physician gets suspicious and examines the stools for bacilli he discovers the disease, other wise not. Anthrax of the Lingi, Wool sorters and rag pickers some times inhale dust containing anthrax tacilll. As the bacillus is large it is caught in the small blod vessels of the lungs. The patient has a high fever and cough. His sputum contains blood. He is liable to die on the second tor third day. About the only way to diagnose the disease is' to find anthrax bacilli in the sputum. Anthrax In the Blood. Sometimes the bacillus, in spite of its size, gets into the blood stream. When it does It finds itself at home. It mul tiplies rapidly. Many of them lodge in the tissues, but in spite of this they can be found in numbers in the blood stream. The disease is rapidly fatal. - The patient has a chill, followed by high fever and great exhaustion. The spleen may be large, especially If the patient lives a few days. The urine contains blood albumin and anthrax ba cilli. This is the form in which an thrax usually appears in the lower ani mals. Since the disease is not natural in man it takes on the atypical form the carbuncle rather than the typical form blood infection, when it appears in the human subject. Anthrax as a disease of humans has never been, ij not, and probably will never be a disease of first importance. The ordinary man engaged in the ordi nary work of society is in practically no danger from it. Men who work in hides, hair and wool need to be pro tected agair.st it. In some instances that which they work in can be steril ized. 'Co protect against dust the hides, wool or rags should be sprinkled. Some wool sorters and rag pickers can be persuaded to wear respirators when at work. , Not Cause for Worry. L. R. writes: "1. What is a tumor? 2. Wiiat causes the growth of a tumor? I am a young girl 20 years of age. Be low my hips r have noticed of late little lumps or growrths caused by the pres sure of the corset steels into the flesh. When I press it from the upper part it slides to tha lower and vice versa. Am a little frightened by it, as I think it may be a- tumor. . "3. About six weeks ago as I got out of bed in the-, morning I exercised my arms, and as I was exercising my right arm I felt a-nd heard something break or crack in my neck or right side. For a week after I couldn't turn my head. Since then I canot bend my head back ward." v HEPLT. 1. A swelling due to a localized new growth of tissue. 2. There are many kind of tumors and many causes for them. In your case the tumors, if they are such, are flbromas and due to long continued pressure. You need not worrv about them. 3. Muscular rheumatism. Massage will re lieve it. Probably your teeth or jour tonsils need cleaning. Leaking; Heart. A. K. writes: "Will you be kind enough to relieve my anxiety by an swering the following question: What is the meaning of a 'leaking heart,' and is it serious ir a man of about 40?" REPLT. In the heart there are valves. Sometimes thao valve oermtt blood to leak back into a chamber ot-the heart from which the blood has Just been emptied. When this occurs we say that the patient has a leaking heart. Since leaking throws extra work on the heart it is a serious condition. Generally the heart muscle does the extra work for many years before any symptoms are given. We say the h-art Is in compensation W'hen the heart muscle must strain Itself to do the extra work. The patient Bets symptoms, urn as shortness of breat, swelling of the feet, palpitation and pain in the heart. Chronic Malaria. Mrs C. A. writes: "1. Would be very thankful if you would tell me a cure for chronic malaria. 2. What is good for sweaty and offensive feet?" R El PTY 1. First, he certain that you have chronlo malaria. Most of those who think they have chronic malaria have some other disease. Take thirty grains of quinine a day for two successive days in each week for six weeks. During this time lane not or com V. -T trip to Hot Springs will help you. After this take somo form of arsenic. 2. Wash your feet frequently with soap and -water. Ury. men oatne wnn om.v"; acid, 2 drams; alcohal, 1 pint. COSSTRl'CTON OF SESTBNCE. PORTLAND, April 18. (To the Ed itor.) Is the following sentence, re cently printed in an afternoon paper, correct? "Men stood with their elbows on the mahogany and spent money that did not belong to them until the dawn was breaking over the Eastern hills." FRED Z1EGL.ER. , We presume an intensely analytical mind might be able to Infer that the men performed acrobatic stunts on a saloon bar while spending money which would not be theirs until sun-up. How ever, the real meaning is clear enough to the ordinary comprehension and when that is the case the charge of ambiguity fails. The sentence la good enough for ordinary use. Voice and Dollars. Exchange. "I expect to raise my, voice for our friend at the convention," remarked the willing worker. "Don't bother." rejoined Senator Sorghum; "raise fund." ARTICLE CENSORRI) A.U DELETED Journal Butchers Day's Letter, Then Oft era Blatant Reply. Quite likely Senator Day will not be disappointed by the treatment the Portland Journal gives his letter and documents proving the falsity .of a Journal article attacking- the Columbia River power project committee, of which Senator Day is chairman. He had no reason to expect after past per formances by that newspaper that his showing would not be censored in Its most important particulars. The letter as published in the Jour nal bears scant resemblance to the full text published in The Oregonian. All of Senator Day's charge that the Jour nal publisher had promised a retrac tion if the article were untrue and had failed to make the retraction, is elimi nated. Except in a general and indefinite way, the affidavits and certificates proving the accuracy of the commit tee's maps, in contradiction of charges concerning 'them made by the Journal, are omitted. The names of the signers and the contents of the certificate of McKenzle & Sons, certified public ac countants, that the figures on the maps correspond with Government and state documents, are deleted. The same treatment is accorded the affidavits of J. P. Newell, John A. McQuinn. and W. E. Morris, prominent civil engineers, and the affidavit of Theodore Rowland, engineer and maker, who certify to the accuracy of the maps. On the other hand the Journal pub lishes again the untrue statement that "the Day maps were repudiated as false, misleading and -unreliable by the public lands . committee of the House of Representatives at Washington when Introduced during the hearings on the Ferris water power bill." As has heretofore been stated by The Oregonian, two maps were prepared by Senator Day's committee. One Is a de tailed map in colors, the other a dia gram. At a meeting of the House com mittee on public lands, according to dispatches received by The Oregonian. somebody mentioned that somebody else at" the Portland Water-Power Confer ence had expressed doubt as to the accuracy of the diagram map. There after the colored detailed map was sub stituted for the diagram map by pin ning it over the latter. The repudi ation of the "Day maps" by the com mittee therefore consisted in using one Day map by pinning it over another Day map. This somewhat doubtful evidence of a mere suspicion on someone's part is offered by the Journal to contradict the sworn affidavits of leading accountants, engineers and map makers prepared after making a detailed investigation. One of the Journal charges against Senator Day was that he had diverted funds appropriated for another pur pose to prepare the maps in question. Senator Day submitted to the Journal the opinion of the Attorney-General of Oregon that the cost of the maps was a proper legal charge against the ap propriation. In contradiction of the opinion of the Attorney-General the Journal offers the signed opinion of Ralph Watson, a political reporter on the Journal. The Journal had accused Senator Day's committee of spending more money than was appropriated and of suppressing the report of the Govern ment engineers. Senator Day's reply was a letter from the Secretary of State'cerlifying that a balance still re mained in the fund, and the record showing that the Government engi neer's report had been submitted to the Senate, been ordered printed and was now in the hands of the state printer. The Journal's rebuttal is to the ef fect that the Senate ordered printed the maps that Senator Day had had prepared and that the cost of printing the maps was paid for out of the legis lative expense fund, and that therefore more money than appropriated origin ally had been expended. It thus appears that the Journal, in its characteristic way, had Senator Day over a barrel before the Legislature of 1915 ever met possibly before Senator Day was born. He is accused of vil lainy because the Senate spent $1634 to have part of his report printed; and he is accused of villainy because the rest of the report has not been printed at a cost of probably $7500. Thus is shown the thorny path of the Legislator who has a report to make. If the report is not printed he Is ac cused of suppressing it for ulterior motives. If the report is printed he is accused of squandering the people's money. Can you beat ,it? There is just one retraction in the Journal's reply to Senator Day's let ter. Buried away down toward the bot torn of a column article is the admis sion that the Journal's statement that Senator Day had filed no report of com mittee expenditures was an error. The Journal contends, however, that it has never questioned the acreage figures shown on the Day maps. What it meant by charging that the maps were "garbled," "false" and "mislead ing" was that a false impression is held out by the figures that "the Fed eral forest reserve policyis respon sible for approximately 60 per cent of the state's area being untaxed." It may be of interest In this "connec tion to state just what the map in question shows. Nowhere on its face is there argument or statement con cerning the influence of forest reserves, Pinchotism, bureaucracy, or anything else. The legend gives separately the total acreage of the state, and that in cluded in National parks, ..National monuments, Indian reservations, mili tary reserves, fofest reserves, power site reserves, reservoir sites, coal re serves, O. & C. land grant, public do main and state school lands; figures showing the increase of population from 1900 to 1910 in Portland, all other cities and towns, and in the rural dis tricts. There is no word or statement on, the map, which expresses an opinion as to. the cause or influences which brought about the condition. Forest reserves figures are given no more prominence than those for open public lands or state school "lands or National parks. All are in unadorned figures of equal size. It is a matter of common knowledge, however, that the reservation policy does retard settlement of lands subject to homestead entry. Vast areas of land put Into a permanent mortmain pre vent railroad' and highway construc tion, establishment of markets, schools and social conveniences, increase tax burdens and sequester water powers needed in irrigation. All th.ese factors discourage settlement. The figures on the map are accurate. That Is now admitted. It is a strange predicament, if the acreage of Government land in Oregon cannot be given in bare figures with out causing a wrong impression. It is a peculiar situation if a public officer Is dishonorable because he merely puts them down on a piece of paper where others may. see them. In Other Days. Half a Century Abo. From The Oregonian, April 17, 1S10. The National-Johnson party has is sued its first manifesto. It is evident that those who compose It. differ in no particular from the Copperheads of today and five years ago. Indianapolis. Governor Morton has arrived home and on Monday will re sume his official duties. Cy Newcombe well known In this city, recently went to Montana and in a letter to the Carson Appeal gives a, roseate account of activity in that country. J. W. Stevens has completed a model of the new Courthouse. The Navigation Company's new steamship Oregonian has been success fully launched in New York. This is the craft being built by Messrs. Brad ford, Ladd, and others. Thomas R. Cornelius and Miss Mis souri A. Smith were married at the res idence of the bride's parents in Wash ington County, April 12. Professor Robb, principal of The Dalles High School, has resigned. Messrs. Waldron, Edgar and Buohan an have decided to start an express service to Montana. In our Extra yesterday afternoon the name of L. E. Webster appeared as one who had been killed in an explo sion in San Francisco on California street. It should have been Frank Webster, well known In Portland In 1862-3. Twenty-five Years Ago, From The Oresonlan, April 17, 1891. "We are the People;" Portland de feated Spokane in the opening base ball game yesterday, 5 to 3. Mrs. Cardwell, wife of Police Cap tain Cardwell, has returned from a visit in Eastern Oregon. Miss Bessi Berry, of San Jose, Cal., is the guest of Mrs. Lucy Mallory, 193 Sixth street. Adelaide Ristori, the great actress of a former generation, who is nearer 70 than 60 years old, is still a very beautiful woman. Clara Movello, for whom Rossini is said to have written his immortal "Stabat Mater," is at present one of the foremost intellectual and society women in the Italian capital. H. B. Oatman is in a critical condi tion, suffering from a stroke of apo plexy. The Sussex, the steamer of the Port land and China service, known as the Upton Line, has arrived in Portland, the first one on the schedule. Italy Is disappointed In the letter sent by Secretary Blaine on the recent ac tion of the Italian government in re calling its minister to United States over the New Orleans massacre cases. The Italian officials characterize the communication as "vague and incon clusive." The Bostonians open their engage ment here Monday night with "Robin Hood." Among others in the cast wilt be Jessie Bartlett Davis and II. C. Barnabee. Ft. E. McGinn, the popular young criminal lawyer and ex-district attor ney, has returned from an Eastern trip. He saw the "Divine Sarah" in La Tosca while away, and visited a New York court, hut, becoming so dis gusted with th English accent, aped by the young attorneys, he left the courtroom. SHERIDAN'S LETTER TO IVESMITIT. Historical Society Makes, Public One of Treasured Relics. PORTLAND. April 16. (To the Ed itor.) The following letter from Gen eral Philip H. Sheridan to the late Senator James W. Nesmith has never been published. It is believed that it will be of great public interest at the present time: Headquarters of the Military Dis. of the Gulf. New Orleans, Jany. 15, 1S3. My Dear Nesmith: I send by mall today a map of the operations of the cavalry under my com mand in Virptlnla. It will Klve you the clearest idea of the amount of work which I illd in the suppression of the rebellion. I have also nearly completed the maps of the infantry operations in the Shenandoah vallev which I will send to you if you will be kind enough to accept. There was no general officer in the war who was sub jected to as many tests a myself. Pome times I was commanding: infantry and some times cavalry, and sometimes both together. Then I was constantly changed from one line of operations to another; and each time I had to take strange troops and had to overcome local prejudices. Then I ha i to study new lines of opera tions and a new country; but with all this I lo not beliee tjmt I missed a single point. I asked no one to help me but my legitlmnte superiors. I never made a fus over what 1 had accomplished in fact I took up the idea it was my duty to be eur cessful. and more than that, t.eneral Grant expected me to be. I subjected every one under me to thcae conditions and it made them good soldiers. T is.sued no congratulatory orders. I stim ulnted no fuss and feather courage; but I gave officers and men decisive victories so complete that the humblest private saw and knew it. If my course pleased you I will feel very grateful as I feel very proud of our old friendship. I wrote you some time ago in reply your College Grove letter. Tid you get It? My kind regards to Mrs. Nesmith and your family. Very truly yours. SHERIDAN. The foregoing was written on his personal note paper, 5 '4 by 8 inches, folded, of fine texture and heavy weight, with the monogram "P. H. S." in relief, and Is one among the many treasured letters belonging to the. col lection of the Oregon Historical So ciety. . GEORGE H. HIMES. Through Route Not Open. HOOD RIVER, Or.. April 16. (To the Editor.) I am informed by the County Judge of Hood River County that the Columbia River Highway in this coun ty is now open to travel. How about Multnomah County? Has the road from Portland to the Hood River County line been declared open yet? If not, what are the prospects? A MOTORIST. The highway is now open to War. rendale, a point 40 miles from Port land, where the pavement ends. Until the remaining four or five miles be tween Warrendale and the Hood River County line are paved, which Road master Yeon estimated yesterday might not be until June 1, no cars will be allowed to pass over that portion of the highway. House Name Changed. Louisville Courier-Journal. "I see you no longer call your place Idle Hour." Nope; that name seemed too attractive to tramps. So I changed it to Woodpile Villa." Productive Advertising No advertising is successful un less it "produces." It must be a profit maker, not an expense. And the first requisite is to find the medium that will produce the most results at the least possible cost. The daily newspaper such as The Oregonian comes nearer to being that than any other. It goes into the homes daily. People read it and believe in it. They respond to the appeals of advertisers when they are tuned in the right key. A