TirE SrORNTXG DUEGOXIAW. FRIDAY, APKIL 191G.
END OF WAR MAY
HINGE ON VERDUN
French Hope Is That Attack
May Be Made Too Costly
to German Army.
GAINS SLOW, BUT STEADY
.ine of Invasion to District Near
Pails AVill Be Open if Fortress
V Falls Methods XTsed in
Poland Are Repeated.
BY CAPTAIN" TTT3N-RY J. RKIL.I..Y.
yoblished by Arrangement With Chicago
Tribune.
The attack on Verdun, -which has now
been under way since February 21, is
one of the decisive actions of the pres
ent European war. The taking of Ver
dun or the failure to take it may mean
the winning of the war by Germany or
Its loss.
After the war of 1870-71 the com
mittee of defense, acting upon a recom
mendation of General de Rivieres, es
tablished a plan of defense for France.
This plan included a line of fortifica
tions along the northern frontier and
another along-the eastern frontier.
By 1885 this plan had been carried
eut with respect to the eastern frontier
and the intrenched camps of Langres,
Dijon, Besancon and Paris, but only
partly executed, with respect to the
northern.
Forts Are in Three Classes.
In this year the invention of high ex
plosive shells showed the necessity to
Increase the protection against gun fire
in all the forts which had been built.
The cost of this transformation being
large, the Chamber of Deputies decid
ed to divide the French forts into three
classes, only the first class of which
would be completely rebuilt.
The object of this classification was
to save money. Practically the only
border fortifications included in the
first class were those along the eastern
frontier.
The Senate objected so violently to
this failure to provide for rebuilding
the fortifications along the northern
frontier as well that a parliamentary
crisis was brought on and the Cabinet
fell. However, the "principle of classi
fication was accepted.
In the original project the eastern
front was divided into four parts
from Mezieres to Verdun, from Verdun
to Toul, from Toul to Epinal and from
Epinal to Belfort. Forts had been
built from Verdun to Toul and from
Kpinal to Belfort.
Works Made 3Iodern.
These were brought up to date, with
the consequence that when the German
invasion came the main movement was
directed through Luxembourg and Bel
gium against that part of the frontier
along which the forts had not been
brought up to date.
Verdun, being at the northern end
of the fortified line, occupies the most
important and most dangerous posi
tion. It is valuable not only from a
defensive point of view, but also from
the offensive, should the time come
when the French may be able to
assume it.
In the beginning of the war, when the
Germans advanced into France, the first
thing which held up that advance was
the fortress of Verdun. As their ad
vance continued it not only moved to
the south, but was compelled to swing
to the east because pivoting on Verdun.
Verdun had a great deal to do with
the French victory on the Harne, be
cause as long as the French held it they
had the means of making flank attacks
on the German eastern flank. They
made these attacks, with the conse
quence that the Germans, finding them
selves in danger of having both flanks
turned, due to Verdun on one side and
the fortress of Paris on the other, were
compelled to retire.
Germans Cross the Tlleiue,
When the Germans had retired from
the Warne to the Alsne. they made an
attempt to pierce the Verdun-Toul sec
tor of fortifications, with the result
that they broke through at San Mihlel,
where they succeeded in crossing the
Meuse. They have held this position
ever since.
Verdun is surrounded by a ring of
detached forts, covering a total circum
ference of about 30 miles. The object
of this ring of forts is to compel the
presence of a large army if an enemy
wishes to regularly besiege Verdun. In
other words, an invading army could
not possibly pass it by. but would have
to leave a large force. This was the
reason why the Crown Prince in his
advance into France was stopped by
Verdun.
From the southernmost part of this
ring of forts there are only single forts
along the Meuse until Toul is reached,
which, like Verdun, is surrounded by a
ring of forts.
In other words, if Verdun falls it
will be a comparatively easy matter for
the Germans to capture all of the bar
rier line down to Toul.
This would open a line of invasion
from the east which would take in the
rear all the positions now held by the
French, from Verdun to in front of
Compeigne, just north of Paris.
General de Kivieres, who designed
the defense, considered, the eastern side
too strong to be carried. This because
of the Hauts de Meuse. a line of hills
which rise from the plain of the
Woevre. He also considered the north
ern side too strong to be carried.
He thought the western front the
most vulnerable. However, in his day
the ability of modern field artillery to
smash all types of fortifications had
not been foreseen.
French Foresee Attack.
From February 15 the French staff
had foreseen an attack on the fortress.
The Germans had brought up artillery
of all calibers and placed them along
a. front from Montfaucon in the
Argonne to Etain in the "VYoevre.
Throughout the 20th and 21st these
guns heavily bombarded all the French
positions and also the town of Verdun,
which is the citadel of the fortress.
From the beginning the Germans
have steadily progressed in their at
tacks. They have already gained, con
siderably mora territory than the
French gained in their September of
fensive. Every position captured gives
them a better chance of forcing the
. evacuation or surrender of Verdun.
The most noticeable points are the
persistent manner, in which the Ger
mans keep up their attacks and their
willingness to pay the price in dead
and wounded.
On the east and north they have cap
tured all the trenches built by the
French in advance of the line of perma
nent forts. On the west they have
shoved back the French line so that
the German positions east of the Meuse
can no longer be flanked by the French
artillery.
They have advanced far enough to
bring the northern half of thei forts
along the western sector under the fire
of their heavier guns.
The whole question hinges now on
the ability of the French to make the
German -progress so slow and so costly
itat tb&x caimot teen, up. tielr attacks.
. , i
official war reports
French.
PARIS, April 6. Following is the text
of the official communication is
sued today by the French "War Office:
"In the Argonne, a surprise attack
delivered by us this morning on one
of the enemy's trencnes near the high
way of St. Hubert resulted in our In
flicting perceptible losses on our ad
versaries and in bringing back some 20
prisoners.
"During this attack our! artillery in
the next sector violently bombarded
that portion of the Avoconrt woods oc
cupied by the Germans.
"In the region of Verdun the enemy,
after the relative calm of yesterday,
gave evidence of great activity during
the evening hours. As the night
progressed there took place to the west
of the Meuse a. bombardment of ex
treme violence in the region between
Avocourt and Bethincourt- This was
followed by a series of attacks in which
large numbers of men took part against
the two principal salients of this front.
All the efforts of the enemy against
the village of Bethincourt were checked
by our fire.
"During this same time the enemy
delivered a furious attack on the cen
ter against the village of Haucourt In
spite of repeated checks and of bloody
sacrifices, they were successful in get
ting a footing during the night in this
village. We now hold the village under
the fire of our dominating positions.
"On our side, after a short prepara
tory artillery fire, we delivered a spir
ited attack, our men coming out from
the redoubt of Avocourt, their purpose
being to connect this redoubt with one
of our works situated on the" boundary
line of the wood north of Avocourt.
During this operation, which was in all
respects successful, we occupied a large
portion of the territory known as "De
Bois Carre,' and took 50 prisoners.
"East of the Meuse two enemy at
tacks north of the Caillette wood re
sulted only in serious losses to the Ger
mans." Tonight's supplementary official re
port says:
"The great disproportion between the
falls effected within the French zone
and those within the enemy zone, with
reference to French and German aero
planes, is significant- According to a
document found on a prisoner. German
pilots received the -order to cross their
own lines as little as possible. The re
sults of the month of March prove, on
the other hand, that our pursuit aero
planes have flown incessantly over the
territory of the adversary seeking
combat."
sides was active. North of the Ypres
I St. Juiien road our heavy artillery car
1 ried out a successful bombardment, do
ing much damage to hostile trenches
and causing numerous explosions."
liussian.
PETROGRAD. April 5. Todays of
ficial communication follows:
"In the regions of Riga, Jacobstadt
and Dvinsk there were cannonading
and rifle firing at many points.
"South of Dvinsk numerous aero
plane fights have occurred. Bombs and
machine guns have been used. East of
Baranovichi Zeppelins were observed
Tuesday night.
"Galicia West of Tarnopol the ene
my opened an offensive, but was re
pulsed at the point of the bayonet,
abandoning a great number of killed
and wounded, close to our entangle
ments. North of Latatche our detach
ments occupied the village of Sviertz
kovtze and surrounding woods.
"Caucasus front On the littoral the
Turks, supported by their cruiser Bres
lau, attacked our right flank. We re
pulsed the attack, inflicting heavy
loesses on the enemy. Our troops sim
ultaneously attacked the enemy's cen
ter and captured a portion of his po
sition. In the basin of the Upper
Tchoruk we dislodged the enemy from
a series of his strongly fortified moun
tain positions."
German,
BERLIN", via London, April 6. The
text of today's report from army head
quarters is:
"West front There was great ac
tivity west of the Meuse during the
day, chiefly on account of the pre
paratory fire which we directed against
tne district of Haucourt. During the
afternoon the activity of our infantry
became more pronounced. It stormed
the village of Haucourt and the strong
ly fortified French point of support
east of the village. In addition to very
considerable losses in killed and wound
ed, the enemy lost 11 officers and 631
unwounded prisoners belonging to two
different divisions.
"On the right bank of' the Meuse
the French renewed the attempt
against positions we captured in Cail
lette forest and northwest of there on
April 2. This attack was checked
quickly."
Austrian.
BERLIN, April 6. (By wireless to
Sayville, N. Y.) Austrian troops have
expelled the Italians from the position
east of Selz, recently taken from the
Austrians, according to the Austro-J
Hungarian army statement issued to
day in Vienna. The statement says:
"The trenches recently taken by the
Italians cast of Selz have been com
pletely cleared of the enemy. Italian
counter attacks "failed.
"Italian artillery is active in the
Ledro and Giudicarian sectors. Feeble
attacks by the Italians on our posi
tions northeast of Ledro in the Daone
Valley were repulsed."
British.
LONDON, April 6. The British offi
cial statement on the campaign in the
West issued tonight follows:
"Last night we sprang mines suc
cessfully near Hulluch and damaged a
hostile gallery and wrecked posts es
tablished in the old craters. Today we
bombarded hostile works near Bois
Grenier with good effect.
"About St. Eloi the artillery of both
Italian.
ROME, via London. .April 6. The
following official communication was
issued today:
"In the Trentino region and on the
upper Adige, there has been the cus
tomary artillery activity. In the Chris
tillo zone Monday night, after intense
artillery preparations, the enemy op
ened a fresh violent attack on our new
positions on the Rauchkofel. The at
tack was repulsed with heavy losses
and the enemy left some prisoners in
our hands.
"On the upper and middle Isonzo
front, there has been an intense artil
lery duel. Enemy detachments at
tempted to break our line east of Pod
sabotino, but were thrown back- and
dispearsed.
"Enemy airmen yesterday tried to
reach Verona, -but were promptly
driven away. Other enemy aviators
succeeded in throwing a few bombs on
Bassano. killing two children. On the
lower Isonzo and on the Lagune Grando,
similar aerial attempts were made and
some bombs were thrown on hamlets.
Our air squadrons drove the air at
tackers off. Two of the machines were
seen to fall to the ground behind their
lines."
Thursday's War Moves
NOT only have the Germans been en
gaged in heavy fighting with the
French around Verdun, but they have
launched a strong attack against the
new British positions near St. Eloi,
which lies a few miles south of Ypres,
in an endeavor to regain 6H) yards of
trenches which the British won from
them ten days ago. The fighting
around. St. Eloi proceeded throughout
the day, and had not terminated when
the latest British official statement
was issued.
There have been gain on both Ger
man and French sides. The Germans
captured the village of Haucourt.
which lies in the Avocourt-Bethincourt
sector, to the northwest of Verdun.
This is considered by the Germans as
an important strategic point, for while
the French held it the Germans could
not cross the Forges Brook.
The French war office officially an
nounces that during the month of
March a total of 35 German aeroplanes
were destroyed and that the French
aerial losses amounted to only 13 aero
planes. This is doubtless in reply to
the German statement recently issued
to the effect that in March the British
and French lost 44 aeroplanes, while
the Germans lost only 14.
Of this operation the French War Of
fice says a series of attacks, in which
large numbers of men took part, followed-
a bombardment of extreme vio
lence. These attacks were checked by
the French fire, but one, more furious
than the others, launched at the center
against the village of Haucourt. re
sulted in the Germans' gaining a foot
hold, "in spite of repeated checks and
bloody sacrifices." The French say
that this village is dominated by the
French guns.
A Spanish Cabinet council has been
called to consider the question of the
torpedoing of Spanish vessels.
FRENCH MAKE Gil
Harcourt Lost, but Other Ter
ritory Won From Germans.
'SQUARE WOODS' OCCUPIED
Paris Asserts Village on Avocourt
IJethincourt Line Now Held hy
Knemy Is Dominated by
French Artillery.
LONDON, April 6. A desperate all
night struggle around Verdun resulted
this morning in substantial gains for
the French north of Avocourt, west of
the Meuse. according to today's Paris
bulletin, .while east of that stream
German attacks on French positions
were repulsed. At one point, along the
Avocourt-Bethincourt line, however,' it
is admitted the Germans succeeded in
penetrating French positions.
The German Crown Prince, according
to the Paris advices, made uee of enor
mous forces of men. They stormed the
village of Haucourt and obtained a
footing there, but Paris asserts that
the entire village is held under the fire
of the French guns from dominating
positions, from where the French can
make the new position a perfect in
ferno for the Germans.
Meanwhile the French were them
selves on the offensive west of the
main action. They sallied forth from
Avocourt and successfully carried out
an operation for connecting the redoubt
with another French work on the edge
of the woods to the north, occupying a
large section of the area known as "the
square woods."
French troops In hand-to-hand fight
ing southwest of Fort Douaumont to
day carried German underground pass
ages' and works along a front of 600
meters to a depth of about 200 meters.
A violent bombardment was directed
by the Germans to the east of trie
Meuse against Cote du Poivre, but the
French curtain of fire prevented an In
fantry attack, according to the official
statement issued, by the French War
Office tonight.
BERLIN, April 6.. (By wireless to
Sayville, N. Y.) German newspapers
today commented on the capture of the
Tillage of Haucourt, northwest of Ver
dun, by German troops, says the Over
seas News Agency. They point out that
the village was exceedingly well forti
fied by all means of modern military
Haucourt held out the Ger
mans could not cross Forges Brook.
P'or this reason the French defended
it with the utmost tenacity, says the
German press.
TARIFF WAR DEPRECATED
Viscount Bryce Tells Britons War
of Arms Comes First.
MANCHESTER, April 6. Viscount
Bryce, addressing the free trade mem
bers of the Chamber of Commerce at a
complimentary luncheon today, depre
cated the starting of a war of tariffs
before Great Britain was out of a. war
of arms.
Passion, he said, was a bad counsel
lor in framing economic or political
schemes and before the war ended
countries now neutral might come into
it and their views on any such fiscal
changes would have to be considered.
Sir John A. Simon, the former Home
Secretary, also emphasized the neces
sity of realizing that Great Britain
could not ignore the neutrals or com
pletely control the trade of Europe
after the war.
New I Taven Offers "Wage Increase.
NEW YORK, April 6. It was an
nounced at the offices of the New York,
New Haven & Hartford Railroad here
today that the company had offered
an increase of wages of 1J, cents an
hour to its 4500 shopcrafts. The an
vance, officials say, would mean an
increase of $200,000 In the yearly payroll.
Aceorilinp to a French scientist, potassium
must be added to the list of radioactive
substances.
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an
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HQOSIER TICKET UP
Fairbanks for President, Wat
son and New for Senators.
LOCAL CONTESTS LIVELY
Platform Denounces Administra
tion's Weak and Indecisive for
eign Tollcy and Condemns
"Scuttle" of Philippines.
INDIANAPOLIS, April . The State
Republican convention, which nomi
nated two candidates for the United
States and a complete state ticket,
adopted a platform and elected four
delegates at large to the National con
vention to be held at Chicago in June,
was enlivened by several contests for
places on the state ticket but was re
garded as harmonious throughout.
The 26 delegates to the National con
vention, elected by the 13 Congressional
districts last night, and the four dele
gates at large were instructed to pre
sent the name of Charles W. Fairbanks
to the National convention as In
diana's choice for the Presidential
nomination. Mr. Fairbanks' name was
WHAT THE GERMANS HAYB DONE AT VERDUN.
fe7r3v7e
o -
A.- FEB.20
B-j TODAY
- . 1
Coruenvoy
ncHoicyr vC: va
II 173 Al UVtil I rron,Crr,,n - .
t-uiranr.
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Iff"
1
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ft
CO
Lemmes
THE-ST00I MIE.U WEpfrg o-Hr" '
fTTJf lANDRECOIiRTXt
VrP H 0U LAI NY1 llf
WR WTr!
rJyi, VFToftAUDAlilYIlU
Graqut's
TTCGEII! court
MILCS
ex I
V5
3 " , r
(1) Direction of First General Attack From the North Almost Dae South Until Outer Line of permanent Fortification "Was Reached. 2 At
tack From the East Aerose the Plains of the Woevre to the Heights of the Meuse, Along; Which Are the Permanent Fortification of the
EMtern Front. 3) Attack Across the Meuse on the Western Bank to Drive' Back the French, Thus Stopping? the Flanking; Klre With Which
They Were Taking; the Germans to the Eut ot the Meuse In the Flask and Rear. 4-S Directions of Recent German Attacks to Straight
en Out Their Line Bet-ween Cheppy Wood and the Meuse. Note The Short Line Between the Two lens Onen Indicate the Progressive
Advance. .
t
cheered every time it was mentioned
in the convention.
The entire delegation called on Mr.
Fairbanks later in the day at his home
and pledged him its support.
James E. Watson and Harry S. New
were nominated by acclamation for
the United States Senate Mr. Watson
for the snort term and Mr. New for
the long term.
The platform, which was adopted
without debate, denounces the Wilson
Administration as '"inefficient and ex
travagant," and declares it has
"brought us business depression at
home and discredit abroad," adding
that "such prosperity as has attended
the Democratic administration has
been due almost wholly to woe and
disaster which prevail in the old
world."
The tariff plank demands the re-enactment
of a protective tariff at the
earliest possible date.
The platform favors a privately
owned and operated merchant marine
under the American flag and "such pre
paredness as may be necessary upon
land and sea to protect American citi
zens in their persons and property at
home and abroad." Strict neutrality
toward the nations engaged in the
European war is also recommended.
The President's Mexican policy Is
characterized as "weak and indecisive,"
and the platform says it has brought
us "Increasing confusion and National
humiliation."
Other planks include a condemnation
of the "Democratic policy of scuttle in
the Philippines."
Uz McMurtrie, of Marion, won the
nomination for State Treasurer in a
dramatic contest with Job Freeman, of
Terra Haute. Two ballots were nec
essary to decide.
Ele Stansbury. of Williamsport. was
nominated for Attorney-General by ac
clamation. Edward Jackson, of Newcastle, was
made the party's nominee for Secretary
of State by acclamation. He was unopposed.
BISHOP IS REVELATION
REORGANIZED SAINTS LISTEN TO
VOICE OF SPIRIT.
PrcKidcnt of Church Is Medium of Call
by Which Lawyer Is Ordained
and Accepts Appointment.
INDEPENDENCE. Mo.. April 6.
Benjamin R. McGuire of Brooklyn, N.
Y., today was named presiding bishop
of the Reorganized Church of Latter
Day Saints at the general conference
of the church in session here, lie suc
ceeds E. L. Kelly of Lamoni. Ia.
Frederick M. Smith, president of the
church, in making the appointment,
which was confirmed later by the con
ference, said the choice had been di
rected by revelation. In a communi
cation read before the conference,
president Smith said:
"I am now prepared to say that the
voice of the spirit is that Bishop E. L.
Kelly should be released from the re
sponsibility of presiding bishop, though
he may act as traveling bishop, coun
sellor and adviser as to the temporali
ties, in harmony with his successor and
the presidency.
"Let Benjamin R. McGuire be set
aside and ordained our presiding bis
hop of the church and two of tha
brethren be tet apart as chancellors to
him," one to be selected by him and
supported by the conference, and tho
other to be Bishop James E. Keir."
Bishop Kelly has served the church
since 1881. Bishop McGuire Is a law
yer. A letter accepting the appoint
ment was read before the conference.
Tho annual mineral output of British
ColumMa ascrosates about $30.ok).00o.
Groceries Lower
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TOMATOES J. F. Pyle & Son s
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toes are packed in the Santa
Clara Valley, where tomatoes
grow to & state of perfection
red ripe and full flavor, by
one of the neatest and most
expert packers in all Califor-
l ti ey are as cicmi
wholesome as any lady can
have from her own kitchen.
Never in the history of the
grocery business on the Pa
cific Coast has any such value
been offered to tho consumer.
Guaranteed to give satisfac
tion or money refunded. Spe
cial Frldny and Sstnrdsy only,
dozen cans $l.X5l each I I n
can '
n
SPECIAL
SALE OF
OLIVE OIL
Today and To
morrow Only
Antonini Olive Oil. gal
lon cans, regular ffO 7C
11.25. special OUil O
Antonini Olive Oil, l2
gai. cans, rfgu-ffl Qfl
lar $2.35, special.. M
Antonini Olive Oil. quart
cans. reg. price I in
J1.35. special at. . V I U
Antonini Olive Oil. large
glass bottle, regu- On
lar price 90c. special Jv
Antonini Olive Oil. med.
glass bottles, reg. flg
price 50c, special. .. twM
fidnSinnjin
milM SAUDIS!
JUNO COFFEE
Guarantees quality and per
fection. A splendid Coffee, constant
ly growing in favor and the
most satisfying to the great
majority of drinkers of
high-grade coffee.
Reg. Price 33c a Pound
Special OsTbC
32 lbs. for
SI or -lb
ESSE
Marmalade Oranges
PEIt DOZEN 30c
OUR GUARANTEE
after thoroughly
trying Superior
Fancy Patent Flour,
you are not satisfied
that you like it bet
ter than any other
flour you have used
before, we, the
agents, ask you to
feel at liberty to re
turn the sack to us.
who will cheerfully
LJJ-Llvk l pay back your money.
r $ Do not mind using
halt tne sacK. or
more, before you de
cide as to its quality,
and take as much,
time as you please.
FLOT7R White Roso,
special price, ff C fifl
per barrel.... V3'UU
FLOUR White Rose,
special price. I Ofl
per sack. V I lOU
n . m it
I
B 3
I
SUPERIOR
FANCY PATENT
FLOUR
$5.20 SI. 35
Per Bbl. I'er Sack
D. C. Burns Company
208-210 Third St., Bet. Taylor and Salmon, Portland, Or.
"Wholesalers to Private Families. Hotels and Restamranta.
Watch Onr Week. - End Specials Advertised Every Friday In The Ore-
Ko uia n.
1