Morning Oregonian. (Portland, Or.) 1861-1937, April 03, 1916, Image 8

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Morning Oregonian., April 03, 1916, Page 8, Image 8

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Newspaper Page TextTIIE 3IORMXG OUEGOXIAN, MONDAY, APRIL 3, 1016. t (Dmwiuro Entered! ct Portland (Oregon) Fotoffice a second-clasa mail matter. Subscription Hate Invariably In advance: (By Mail.) Ia ;!y, Sunday Included, one year .... H.ly, Sunday included, six months . linny, Sunday included, three months I"-!:!". Sunday include!, one nonth .. XJ.'i'ily. wuhcut Sunday, one year .... li.-wly, without Sunday, six months .. lirtily, without Sunday, three months 1 'ally, without Sunday, one month . . "VVVekly, one year Sunday, one year buntlay and "Weekly, one year (By Carrier.) iJiii'y, Sunday included, one year ..S.O0 .. 4.25 2S5 6.00 . . 3.-5 . . 1.7.1 . . .60 .. 1.50 . . 2.60 . . 3.50 . 9."0 k X'rtllJ, OUI1UU Y I11C1UUCU, UJID JHUIIIU ...... " F How to lu-init Send postoffice money or- om express oraer or personal check on your ln-jul fc!n!;. Stamps, coin or currency are at Sender's rick. tilve postoffice addresses in full, mc2udirir county and state. i'cwtuKU Kate 12 to 1U pages, 1 cent; IS to oi: piiyes, 'J. cents; u4 to 4S pages, 3 cents; TiO to Oo pages, i cents; 62 to TO pages, 5 cents; 7.S to D2 pages. rt cents. foreign puBtage, double rates. Kastern BunLnt-NH Officei Verree & Conk lln. Brunswick bulldtnK. New York; Verree i- Conklln, Steger building, Chicago. San J-'rancisco representative, K. J. Bidwell, 742 Market street. FORTLAD, MOMAY, APRIL, 3, 1918. STORY TOLD BY STRAW VOTE. The Presidential preference poll , conducted by The Oregonlan among voters at the registration office last week produced at least two significant revelations. One is that favorite- f . I t T,nrr-cco In fWU 4JCL1L1 y&lg 119 111 yiubivoo ... several states have made but slight im press! upon the minds of Oregon Re publicans. The preference in Port land for the Republican nomination is clearly Justice Hughes, with Roose velt second favorite. - ; Almost without doubt this expresses the sentiment of the party throughout the state and of Republicans in gen eral. The Oregonian's poll was repre sentative of all classes, for the voters were approached as they came to the registration office from every walk in life. Polls taken in many other states have produced similar results. One of country editors in Nebraska and another of country editors in Northern New York went overwhelmingly for Hughes. A poll by the Nation, a New York weekly, -in which votes were re ceived from every state, showed a similar result. The Maine Republican convention the other day elected a Hughes delegation. These circum stances are not to be lightly consid ered. It is now not unsafe to assume that the Republican nomination will be tendered Justice Hughes should he not prior to the convention more definitely remove his name from consideration. If it be presumed that Mr. Hughes will decline, the result becomes more speculative. Mr. Roosevelt will have strong and enthusiastic following. nut it is not utteiy tuat lie uiin ue nominated without a determined con test. Moreover, his acceptance also is somewhat problematical. Who the candidate will be if it is neither Hughes nor Roosevelt is an outcome that cannot be forecast. This is of course the situation today. It might be changed before the date of the convention bv the interieetion jot, some new and vital issue. But the time is short and that Is improbable. As for Oregon, it may be said that the present desire among Republicans for Mr. Hughes' nomination, is strong and earnest. It was. known to those who participated in the straw vote that Mr. Hughes name would not ap-: pear on the primary ballot. It was equally well known to those who ex pressed preference for Mr. Roosevelt that his name would not be on the ballot. But it requires no more effort to write a man's name on the official ballot than it does to write it in on a straw vote. We know of no reason why the Republican voters of Oregon should not thus express their true preference next month. But that some will not must be expected. The interest of the electors will be iled among candidates for numer- loffices. Thpro 1 also a tcvoi ri ll effect in presentation of A can 's name in plain type before the of the man at the polls. 80, sentiment is apparently so funced in favor of Mr. Hughes Roosevelt that there is reason ope the party may express its opinion on the acceptability of everal men mentioned for the tiation. e other significant feature of the I vote was the proportionately f number of ballots cast for Mr. ri. An analysis of his vote shows rimon- male voters he has lost I than he has" gained. On the I hand, preference for him ex Jcd by the feminine voters more loffsets his loss. The last election rred before extension of the fran- lse to women. Of the total number ing last week 755 told whom they 1 voted for In 1912. Obviously se 755 were male voters. Among Uiem Wilson gained 35 and lost 62, re vealing a net loss of 27. Applying that ratio to the total vote cast for Wilson. Roosevelt and Taft in 1912, Mr. Wilson, in opposing a party satis fied with its candidate, would now re ceive nearly 4000 fewer male votes than he received four years ago. But. as already mentioned, Mr. Wil son is apparently a favorite among I ihp feminine voters. Anions many of Arierii" this is doubtless due to the feel ing that he has kept America out of the wr. Others, it is reasonable to assume, expressed a preference for him because he is the only avowed candidate with whose name they are familiar. This assumption is con firmed by the fact that numerous women registered as Republicans cast siraw votes for Mr. Wilson. As to the outcome in Oregon if the general election were to be held today there -an hardly be serious specula lion. Identity of the Republican candidate would have an important bearing. Probably the full Repub lican vote would not be cast for Mr. Jlocsevelt were he the party nominee. If "i candidate were Justice Jiugnes lal Republican vote from the ranch of the party could be ntlv expected. n it is recalled that in 1912 the ican party was split and that Ison, while gaining the Oregon il vote, received 25,000 fewer han Taft and Roosevelt com it will be understood that the nt tias a big handicap to over- n order to win Oregon again ring his apparent loss of popu mong the males, he would re- nore than 75 per cent of the e vote to win the state, if the a vote Republican and Demo, -ho estimated at 65,000. great popularitj' in November the women folk Is not to be d unless the Republican party a mistake in choice of candi- A candidate other than Justice or Mr. Roosevelt, if the straw lis a true story, would have adding In Oregon. The Orego- lerefore, considers It important ie privilege accorded every of writing hid Presidential ire on the ballot in the pri eiecuoa fce made generally known. The influence of Oregon plainly should be exerted to obtain a nominee acceptable to the rank and file of the party. That influence can best be exerted by an emphatic vote in the primary election for the true party - preference whether his name appears on the ballot or not. SCHEMING J flit A lTUEXDI.Y f.'Ol'KT. The brief filed with the Senate sub committee which is inquiring into Mr. Brandeis' fitness by the attorneys who contend that he is unfit, taken in con nection with the Attorney-General's motion for postponement of the Utah power cases, causes suspicion that the Administration is making a deliberate attempt to pack the Supreme Bench with men who have preconceived ideas in favor of the Administration's contention. Not without good cause would attorneys of good standing charge and undertake to prove that Mr. Brandeis had violated profession al ethics, made false and misleading statements, practiced duplicity, repre sented interests opposed to the public welfare and been guilty of sharp prac tice. Eight ex-presidents of the American Bar Association have pro tested against his confirmation and but one favors it. It is shameful that the Administration should attempt to elevate to the Supreme Bench a man against whom such charges can be seriously pressed- It is doubly shame ful that it should seek to 'profit by the very qualities which are alleged to render him unfit. In the Utah case the authority of Congress to pass such bills as the Ferris and Adamson water-power bills and the general leasing bill is chal lenged. The power of the executive departments to make the regulations now in effect regarding water power are also challenged. Not only the water-power interests are arrayed against the Government; several Western states have intervened with charges of Federal usurpation. Were the Supreme Court to heed these pleas, the Government would be stripped of all authority over, water power which the Ferris and Adamson bills assume it to possess. That au thority would be declared to be vested in the states alone and a permanent barrier would be placed against the bureaucratic encroachments, of the Interior Department and of the Forest Service. At the same time that the Adminis tration is seeking postponement of this case, it is also exerting itsefT to procure the confirmation of Mr. Brandeis as Associate Justice of the Supreme Court. Should it succeed in both attempts, the Administration will ensure that Mr. Brandeis will have a voice in deciding the Utah case. Mr. Brandeis is an ultra-conservationist of the Pinchot type, favoring the broadest exercise of Federal power over the public domain without re gard to the rights -which the Constitu tion reserves to the states. That fact reveals the motive for the Govern ment's efforts to have him on the bench when the Utah case is argued and decided SPOKANE'S rXREASOXAllLE PLEA. In asking the Iterstate Commerce Commission to revise the relative freight rates between the East and Pacific Coast terminals on the one hand and intermountain points on the other hand, Spokane and the Nevada Railroad Commission seek rates based on the abnormal, temporary condi tions produced by the war and by the slides in the Panama Canal. It is doubtless true that high ocean freight rates caused "by the scarcity of ships have enabled rail roads to compete successfully for traffic with water lines. . The closing of the Panama Canal has no doubt further facilitated this competition by forcing ships to go through the Straits of Magellan or around Cape Horn. But freight rates should not be regu lated by the abnormal, purely tem porary situation which has produced these conditions. They should bo based on a normal situation when peace prevails, not on a situation where the world is at war, such as has not arisen for a century, nor on the temporary closing of a just-finished waterway. As well might the obstruction of a railroad by a land slide or a flood be made the pretext of a rate revision on competing roads. The plea of Spokane and Nevada is so obviously unreasonable that Port land may be disposed to rely over much on that conviction for its rejec tion. But recent experience warns us against over-confidence in the Inter state Commission's sense of justice. Portland relied on that sentiment in the Astoria case and has been pun ished by being treated as though traf fic could be carried between Portland and Astoria at no cost whatever and as though trains could be lufuled over the Cascade Mountains as cheaply as down the water grade of the Columbia River. Spokane and Nevada now go further and ask that Portland be placed in the same position as though it were an interior city and as though the Columbia and Willamette rivers were not navigable ship channels but were mere creeks. By partially de priving Portland of the advantage growing from its location on deep water through the zone system of transcontinental rates the Commission has encouraged the interior cities to hope for still further concessions. The only safe course for this port is to offer a resistance as determined as the attack. lioccs-rocrs. Let us examine once more the land grant bill as prepared by the House committee on public lands. , In determining the amount due the railroad it first provides for comput ing,, the gross acreage that inured to the railroad company under the terms of the grant. This is 3,182,169 acres, according to figures printed in the Su preme Court decision. To this acreage the $2.50 value due the railroad is to be applied. The result is $8,000,000 in round numbers. From this are to be deducted amounts received through sale and various uses to which the grant was put by the railroad company. Such re ceipts net, according to the Supreme Court decision, were $2,495,094, or, say, $2,500,j00, to preserve the round numbers. There is also to be deducted ap proximately $1,000,000 in taxes which will be advanced by the Government. . The net sum due the railroad company will therefore be about $4,500,000. But all of the three million-odd acres is not to be put on sale. Title to that which has already been sold is apparently to be confirmed in the pri vate holders. Lands unpatented to which the railroad company is en titled under the terms of the grant are not affected by the sale terms of the bill. Instead of three million-odd acres offered to settlement and, indus trial use the acreage will be only 2,075,616, not deducting water-power sites whicii are subject to withdrawal. The probable offering will be about 2,000,000 acres. The estimated value of this 2,000, 000 acres as printed in the records in the case taken to the Supreme Court is $30,000,080. This is the sum that is to be subject to division among state, counties, reclamation fund and Federal Treasury. Before distribution is made $2.50 per acre or $5,000,000 is to be retained to pay the railroad company. Approximately $1,000,000 is to be deducted for taxes advanced by the 'Government and already taken out of the railroad's share. There will therefore be $24,000,000 to divide, of which the state school fund and the various counties will receive a total of $12,000,000. The sum is well worth having, al though the time of its full payment is bound to be remote. But observe what the Government gets. It charges the settlers $5,000,000 and pays the railroad company only $4,500,000. To the Government revert nearly 285,000 acres of unpatented land that would otherwise have gone to the railroad but which will become a part of the forest reserves or public domain. If these unpatented lands are worth the same as the remainder of the grant their value is $4,275,000. It also re ceives $12,000,000 as its share of the net receipts on lands sold. It thus appears that the Govern ment's profit on the land-grant trans action will be $16,775,000 and the state's $12,000,000. The bill purports to be a 50-50 division. It is hocus pocus. 1 BEfXITED OX XEW ISSUES. When Colonel Roosevelt and ex Senator Root come together, the most decisive step has been taken in heal ing the breach of 1912 in the Repub lican party. In comparison with the supreme issues of today on which they agree, those of 1912 on which they dis ajree have been forgotten. Who thinks now about recall of judicial decisions? As to social and indus trial justice, there was never any real difference of opinion. The Repub licans put it in practice, and the Pro gressives gave it a name and put it in their platform. The supreme desire of the Nation now is an Administration which, will uphold American rights in a world where force alone has been proved capable of maintaining them an Ad ministration which will organize all the forces of the Nation for their maintenance. It had such an Admin istration when Colonel Roosevelt was President and Mr. Root was Secretary of State. American - prestige and power abroad were never higher than at that time, yet there was profound peace with no whisper of war. No Mexican then dared murder an Ameri can out of wanton bloodlust. The Kaiser agreed to arbitrate with Ven ezuela as soon as a broad hint of the alternative was given. The difficulty with Japan was settled without more than a ripple of trouble. Colombia's demands for blackmail were scorned. In those days we had peace with honor. The American people now desire an Administration such as that. They know that one which holds the con victions of Colonel Roosevelt a'nd Mr. Root, whether it be headed by one of these, by Justice Hughes or by some other leading Republican, will give them their wish. A WAR OF ECONOMIC EXBl'BANCE. As German victories shrink to the capture, after several days' artillery fire, of a village in a patch of woods which the French dignify by the name "forest," strengthens conviction that the war has become a struggle of eco nomic endurance. It is less a question which alliance can win victories in the field than it is a question which can , spin out its economic resources until the other becomes exhausted and throws up its hands. . In considering that question Ger many and Britain are the centers of the two groups of allies. Germany supplies money, guns, ammunition and officers to Turkey and Bulgaria. It supplies troops to stiffen -up the half hearted loyalty of Austrian armies, and may furnish financial aid also to Austria, -for that empire's finances were in a sad tangle before the war. Britain has supplied about $2,000. 000.000 to its colonies and allies. It also supplies arms, ammunition, ma terial of all kinds and ships in which to carry them, and it keeps open the sea by which its allies are reached. Should either of these great powers suffer economic collapse, the alliance of which it is the center would prob ably tumble down like a house of cards. Through its compulsory service and its ample readiness at the beginning of the war-Germany is able to carry on hostilities at much lower expense than Britain. Germany bought vast stores of material at peace prices and needed only to set in motion military and industrial machines which had already been constructed. Britain had to buy material at war prices and to construct the military and indus trial machines under stress of war, hence at war prices, and at enormously higher cost arising from the voluntary system. Britain must import" the bulk of its food at war freights, while Germany can practi cally feed itself, though on rather short rations. Until January 1, 1916. Britain had expended $14,000,000,000 on the war, Germany only $S, 000, 000, 000, though their national wealth was nearly equal $85,000,000,000 for Britain to $80,000,000,000 for Ger many. On the face of these figures it would seem-that Britain's credit would be exhausted long before Germany's, but other factors are to be consid ered. Until this year the entire ex penditure of Germany was added to debt, for Dr. Helfferich, the finance minister, said no part had been paid out of current revenue, and that war indemnities would be exacted from the enemy. to lift the burden off German shoulders. As the war drags on with out decisive advantage to either party, the prospect of these Indemnities fades, and the necessity grows of im posing taxes to lessen the burden on posterity. The main source of Ger many's increased wealth foreign commerce has been stopped, the great ports are almost as dead as abandoned mining camps, and the an nual reproduction of wealth, out of which taxes can be collected, has shrunk. Depletion of the able-bodied male population has made agriculture more dependent on old men, women, children and prisoners of war, and has thus reduced its efficiency. Re duction in supply of cattle has deprived farms of much natural fertilizer, and war has taken artificial fertilizer to make munitions, wpile the Chilean supply of nitrates is cut off. Hence we -find the New York Evening Post quoting the Vorwarts as say ing that the hope of imports of food from the East has died away, and that "Germany is still mainly riepen;!- jeiit ou her own production." Tho Post's synopsis of - the article con tinues: The Vorwarts declares that the official attribution of the comparatively unsatis factory results of the lltl. harvest to bad weather is not a full explanation. As a matter of fact, the area of land under cul tivation decreased, and in many cases full use wan not made of the cultivated land. The farms Ftlffert-d frwn the large numir of agricultifral laborers taken from the army, and from the substitution In many cases of inexperienced for experienced stew ards. Everywhere there was a deficiency of draupht cattle, and the supply of seed and artificial manure was adversely affect ed by the strain on the railways. The dis tribution ot labor was imperfect, so that some estates went short, while others had more men than etiouRli, Many -manufacturing firms made machine guns because they were more profitable, when -they ought to have beer, makins: steam plows and other airricultura! machinery. The Vorwarts says that it is now a fact that unemployment is Increasing in many industries, and mentions especially the weavers and the masons. The wholo article seems to show that, contrary to the official assurances, the food prob lem is peine complicated with r.ew- and ser ious difficulties. , Germany seems to be drying up the source of supply, both of human en ergy and material resources, by ex pending them on the war without ability to replace them. While the empire spends less than Britain, the amount it has available to spend grows less month by month. By contrast, Britain has from the first derived a large proportion of its war funds from additional taxation. It has been able to do this through keeping Its foreign commerce alive, thanks to its naval supremacy. It has systematically reached after the trade of which Germany has been deprived, and with such success that British exports are now much larger than during corresponding months in the first year of the war. Enormous profits are derived from the ships which remain for commerce and from sale of ships to neutral nations. So readily does the British Empire rise to the occasion that revenue for the fiscal year ending March 31 is es timated to have surpassed expecta tions by $200,000,000, and war taxes of the new fiscal year are ex pected to show an increase of $1,250, 000,009. The permanent burden im posed by the war will be reduced by the amount thus paid out of revenue. If the war is to be decided by the economic resources of the belligerent countries, the decision rests in the balance as truly as does the military decision. We are yet to learn which belligerent can provide that last 100, 000,000 which Mr. Lloyd George eaid early in the conflict might- give victory to its owner. The Spokane-Nevada attempt to- de prive the Coast terminals of the ad vantage given them by their location on deep water is a renewed attempt to overturn a natural law. Traffic fol lows the cheapest route as surely as water flows down hill. The cheapest route, all things considered, is. the water route. Therefore", traffic be tween the two coasts is carried by water, and railroads can only obtain a share in it by carrying it at the same rate as is paid to ships, allowance be ing made for cost of transfer between ship and trait at terminals and for the extra time occupied in water transit. The conditions governing rates are those which prevail in time of peace and when routes are unobstructed. Were they to be revised whenever war breaks out or the Canal is Mocked, tho revision might no sooner be in effect than restoration of peace or re opening of the Canal would make a new revision necessary. The threatened railroad strike proves fhe wisdom of President Van Hise's opinion that railroad men's wages should be regulated by the Government. The rates, and hence the income of the railroads, are regulated, their capitalization soon wilf be, and it is only logical that the same author ity should decide what proportion of the income shall be paid for labor. It should not be possible for the entire commerce of the country to be tied up by a dispute on a question of business between railroad companies and em ployes. The most important interest is that of the public, and it should prevail. Unless Rodman Wanamaker dis plays the American flag cdnspicuously on his new aircraft when he flies to Europe, some"" British gunman may shoot it down, as a German Zeppelin was brought down a few days ago. As means of extermination, the Zep pelins are slow. Their work of de struction is a small factor. London is a large city, arid an air raid is con fined to so small a section that cars and buses--do not stop running. Prisoners held by Germany need not expect to be treated as royal guests, and stories told by the few who es cape must bo true. Racial hatred is bound to be a factor. The soldier would better die fighting. - - -a It is time for some of these people whose familiar faces appear in print to pose again. A photograph taken a dozen or more years ago does not get old, but the original of it shows wear and tear. There is no mystery about why the Russians abandoned Brest-Litovsk. An army free to fight again was bet ter than an army of dead men or of prisoners in Germany. Just now a strike of hatters inter feres, but Congressman Sinnott may have his felt hat to be made of Jack rabbit fur in time to wear during the Fall campaign. The two Davises In the race for the Idaho gubernatorial nomination will each get the votes intended for the other. An item of news in these days of artificial thirst is a near-boycott on a brewery that makes near-beer.' The idea of an overhead sewer on the Linnton road has one merit. De fects in it would be visible. Only eleven days for the diffident candidate to muster up courage and throw his hat in the ring. Waite lost his nerve when exposed, and the next thing will be to lose his mind and escape justice. The man who owns a car and was not out yesterday either was working or in the hospital. That city woodpile was a charity Job at best. Why not charge the deficiency to that account.- The mere fact of a disastrous auto mobile collision is proof of reckless driving. Yesterday was fine enough to be soda fountain day. Watch the War College merge into fandom tomorrow. "Twenty thousand, for opening day!' How to Keep Well By Dr. W. A. Erau, The Open Air Crasnilers. Miss Harriet Fulmer vouches for the truth of this story: Thirty years ago a young man and his wil'e settled in a prosperous, healthy, farming com munity. Though th country was healthy they moved into a house that was not. The house -whs dark, in sanitary, and old. After living in this house for a few years they moved to a larger farm, but into a house that was nearly as insanitary as the first one. Eight children were born to this conple. Three died of tuberculosis while they lived in the first house. While the land was fertile and the man's income was good, the family had so much sickness that they could not save anything. They pail Out their surplus for doctor's bills and patent medicines. They had typhoid lever and measles, and the children were left frail and delicate. Another soon con tracted tuberculosis. A daughter married and went to live in the first house, where she got typhoid fever and consumption followed. Anotner story to go with the above-. A mother with advanced tuberculosis kept her baby on the bed beside her. She gave the baby milk from the cup she had just used. She would take candy from 'her own mouth and give it to the baby. Or another: A young schoolmaster contracted consumption. In his school room there were three or four chil dren with the disease. During the last year of his life he frequented stores and barber shops, spitting promiscuous ly. He left a family of small children dependent on others. When small children are infected with tuberculosis they may become sick at once with consumption, spinal disease, hip disease, or scrofula, or they may, as more frequently happens, store up the infection until ea.rly manhood, at which time the latent disease de velops into consumption of the lungs. Now the people of this neighborhood know of conditions. They are trying to benefit them. They have an active health league. They have had the services for a while of a tuberculosis visiting nurse. The school children have organized the Open Air Crusaders and adopted the Rules of Health: I will try 1. To have fresh air where I work or play. 2. To stay outdoors as much as pos sible. 1 8. To sleep with my windows open, or on the porch. 4. To breathe through my nose and with my mouth closed. 5. To bathe my body every day, or at least once a week. 6. To keep my clothes, clean and tidy. 7. To sit up straight in school all the time. 8. To help my school teacher to keep our schoolroom clean and well venti lated. 9. To ask the manager of the moving picture shows in my town to have theaters clean and well ventilated. 10. To clean my teeth, especially at night before going to bed. 11. To see that no dirt or rubbish is in my yard, alley or street. 12. To be careful not to spit in pub lic places. 13. To eat plenty of good nourishing food. 14. To see that there are no flies or rats where I live. 15. To influence my family and friends to help nie keep these rules. 16. To always wear my badge and sing the Open Air Crusader song. Baby's Care. Mrs. S. B. D. writes: "Will you kindly give me the name of the book you con sider the best authority on infant care?" REPLY. Holt's 'Tare and Feertlns; of Children": Smith's "The Baby's First Two Years"; bulletins of the children's bureau. Depart ment of labor. "Washington, D. C. health department bulletins and booklets. Diet for Baby. Mrs. S. C. writes: "Would you kindly give me a diet for a baby 10 months old? He weighs 22 pounds now, seems well and healthy in every way. and lively. ' He has two teeth and doesn't creep or try to stand. The last montn I have been feeding him orange juice, oatmeal, toast, graham crackers, be sides his regular milk mixed with oatmeal-gruel, about seven ounces at a time, with a little lime water. Do you think I have been feeding hini right? Have been using certified milk so far, but do you thiuk I could use the pas teurized milk now? He has always been constipated, but have been giving mineral oil which helps." REPLY. Your baby is a little heavy and fat. You must, therefore, expect htm to be a little slow in crawling and standing. In ad dition, boys are slow in starting. Do not glv him u;uite so much starch oat meat, toast, graham crackers and srruel. Give him some meat Juice end mt-at soup and let him suck a bone occasionally, tjive him a little very finely chopped spinach and carrots. Pasteurized milk is all rigut. f , Sex Control. Mrs. E. B. writes: "Have read your column every day for four years with a great deal of profit. Would like to know your opinion with regard to the control of sex in the unborn child through the use of or abstinence from certain foods, such as sugar, by the mother. "1. Is it not true that sex is deter mined at the time of conception? "2. When, then, is the dieting ef fective? " 3. Animal breeders make use of certain principles to control sex. ould these same principles apply to human beings? "If you can throw any light on this Important matter I am sure it will be appreciated." REPLY. A great many books have been written on the subject and still there Is no light. Anion other theories that have been dis carded is the one which holds that the sex of the unborn child can be determined by varying the diet. The answers to your qusstlons are: 1. Probably not. . There is doubt as to the correctness of the theories of animal breeders. No method works with the human subject. Food Too Rich. H. B. writes: "1. What causes gas in a four-weeks-old baby's stomach? 2. What foods should g. mother avoid eat ing when nursing a child?" ' REPLY. 1. The food is proably too rich. The mother should drink more water and eat less. The baby should drink a little water. -. Lepends on circumstances. The rule Is that the mother should eat what sue pleases provided she digests what she eats. Sometimes mothers eat too much fruit for the good of their babies. More frequently they eat too little. Pnhllshnl Milk Reedrn Doubted. WARRENTOX. Or.. April 2. (To the Editor.) Permit me to call atten tion to the following "milk record" from Sacramento, Cal., and prove to you that the statement is an absurdity: SACRAMENTO, Cat, March 24. Tillle Alcartra. a Holsteln-r'rleslan cow, owned by A. W. Morris & Sons' Corporation, at Wood land. Yolo County, already holder of the one-year world's record for milk production, last nljfht completed a test which gave her the world's record for two years' production. Her figure for the two years is pounds. Reckoning milk at eight pounds to the gallon, this is 10 hi gallons of milk per day for every day in two years. Again, S2Vi pounds of milk per day is 1165 pounds in two weeks. This is the weight of an average cow on foot, and 1 know enough about cattle to know that the cow never was born and never will be. that can give her weight in milk every two weeks and keep at it for two years. JOHN EVENDEX. Let Moral Squad Do It. PORTLAND, April 3. (To the Ed itor.) Referring to the 1000 cords of wood, would suggest that Mr. Warren and the mor.'. squad be put on the trail. A. L. BU1GHT. DEFERENCE DIE TO ROBES WORN. Writer Think Aire of Jndsreti Caused by Ermine IVow Discarded. EUGENE, Or.. April 1. (To the Edi tor.) Some articles have appeared lately, in particular a communication in the Portland Journal, in regard to Justice Hughes and hia position in the campaign f or . the Presidency The views of which seem to undersigned more or less strange, irrelevant or ab surd. I do not see why a judge should not be permitted to run or be a candi date for another office, executive or otherwise, in the tame manner as any other resident or citizen of the com munity. In fact 1 have never been able to understand why the office of a judge or Judicial -position should be held any more sacred than any other. If there is any special sacredness at taching to it. of course there should be some deference or respect paid to such positions, especially when the occu pant fills the same worthily it should attach to all offices, legislative, exec utive and judicial. They are all in stituted for the same purpose, the wel fare and protection of society. Each one performs a certain part or func tion. A public servant, therefore, or oc cupant of any one of them, if the peo ple whom he serves think he is de serving of promotion or is capable of serving t horn more or better in some other position, should be subject to their call. They, or the state, have the right to" his services under the same rules as are customary in private or busi ness affairs among individuals domi nated by common, sense. It is true there is or has been among the masses or pubfic a sort of peculiar awe or deference paid to Judges as being apart or removed from the political arena, such being sym bolized or taking its source from the supposedly sacred ermine or robes they were supposed to wear. But these have been practically all done away with or are seen to be but outward paraphernalia which only hide a con cealed or common clay or common mortality. Hence why should . there be any exception to the general rules. "We do not, therefore, see any im propriety in Mr. Hughes' or any other judge's acceptance of nomination by a convention or any other body of citi zens requesting or favoring his elec tion to the Presidency or any other office: also in such case in holding his present office in the meantime, or, for that matter, for the full time for which he was appointed in case he was not chosen to the other; also in stating his position on the issues involved in such election in case he were asked for the same. An active contest or scramble for such high office, however, I would consider equally reprehensible on the part of any citizen or inhabitant of the country no matter what his previ ous position, office, or station in life. I. T. JONES. - Preolilrnta Who Were Mnsons. PENDLETON'. Or., April 1. (To the Editor.) At my request, by personal letter to him. Senator Chamberlain wrote me from Washington some val uable information about the Masonic affiliations of many of the Presidents of the Unitevl States. The data is from the library of the United States Senate. Besides those Presidents known to have been mada .Masone. others have been said to have been members of the order, but not authenticated. President Wilson is not a member of the order, but it is not impossible, sometime, that he may be "raised" into the world-wide fraternity. The future vi!l Uecide. George Washington became a Mason in 1753, a member of Fredericksburg Lodge Xo. 4, of Fredericksburg, Va. James Buchanan was of Lodge No. 47, Lancaster, Pa. James K. Polk was a brother of Columbia Lodge Xo. 31, Co lumbia. Tenn. Andrew Jackson, of Philanthropic Lodge, Clover Bottom, Tenn., was grand master of the A. F. and A. M. of Tennessee in 1823. Andrew Johnson was' a member of Lcnlge Xo. 119. Greenville, Tenn." James A. Gar field, in 18i4, entered Lodge Xo. 30. Columbus. O. William McKinley be came a Mason in 1865, in Winchester, Va., Lodge Xo. 21. Theodore Roose velt was "raised" in Lfniire Xo. 806. at Oyster Bay. X. Y. "William II. Taft joined Killwinning Lodge Xo. 385 in tne Sear 1909 at Cincinnati. O. I think the above information is of public interest, to all true Americans, particularly. JOHN W. ELLSWORTH. PORTLAND. I have loved to sit on thy fir-fringed brow. And bathe in the beauty which hal lows thy face; The limpid Willamette, as viewed from this summit. Engirdles thy form in a loving em brace ; And far in the distance, with JealouB insistence. Rears beauteous Hood, crystal-Crested and proud; While northward St. Helens reflects the brave challenge Wrhat spot on God's earth is so richly endowed? I have thrilled to number thy commerce towers; And throbbed with the pulse of thy power at my feet. I have watched the fog lift like a maid en's veil rift, IMsclosing thy profile, enticingly sweet. To sense, tlf faint quiver of craft on the river: Inhale nectared air, verdure-scented, sublime! Hermes gifted, soul uplifted, I on the clouds drifted O'er thee, smiling Portland, like the gods of old time. I have musingly dreamed of that an cient day When this planet took form in the mind of God; When - this splendor I'm seeing, he breathed into being To nurture the hopes of his soul quickened clod. Was it then that he chose this the home of the rose, And predestined Portland a world envied land? Let the atheist prat of creation as "Fate," I read in this language tho proof of Jove's hand. I have thought will the Tuturo of Portland be that Of other fair cities, long centuries dead? Will it merit destruction from Pom peiian corruption. Or perish like Rome with the smear of the "red?" Oh! will it be cursed by grim Mars' bloody thirst. Or prosper, well-favored, to happy perclose ; God's garden in flower, man's Edenic bower Fair Portland, our Portland, the Home of the Rose! Herbert A. Watts. Easy Walk for Him. PORTLAXD. April 2. (To the Ed itor.) There is a man displaying him self ostentatiously at the Pacitic em ployment office in this city, and seems to think it some great feat to travel 12,000 miles in 14 months for $10,000. Someone please do a little figuring. If there is anything about a feat of that kind that ia out of the ordinary. I fail to see it. His sojourn here is for one day only, and he claims to be nine days ahead of time. Just think of it, nine days ahead of time. It savors a whole lot like easy money to me. I am over 60 years of age. and I wish someone would be fool enough to offer nie a proposition of that kind. I do not know of any easier wav of making $10,000. AX OLD SUBSCRIBER. In Other Days. Twraty-f he Yearn A no. From The Oreponlan or April ::, 3S01. Washington The complications with Italy arising out of the New Orleans murders, it is not believed will cause war. Leading American editors con sider the withdrawal of the Italian Ambassador from the United States as only an emphatic mode of expressing that nation's dissatisfaction. Undoubtedly- tho oldest man living in Oregon today is Charles Mooney. Ho was born in Ireland. December 14. 1TST, and is therefore 10:t years old. Hardly a year passes but emphasizes the necessity of a Xavy for the United States. We cannot too rapidly pursue the building of one. C II. Carey was 'made Police Judise last night, the Council having con firmed his appointment. The British iron steamer Sussex, tons, arrived at San Francisco yester day and will soon come to Portland. She is the pioneer vessel of the Upton line. The Democrats of Portland held a grand pow-wow Thursday night. Among those present were Governor Pennoyer and 1a. I.. McArthur. Washington President Harrison nnd his party have left for the Pacific Coast. He will visit Portland. The cry for a new postoffice on tho East Side is again heard. A. D. Charlton, assistant general passenger agent lor the Xorthern Pa cific, is stirred up by the talk among the Presbyterians that his road is fav.i :... t P"-et Sound cities. Tho question came up over bringing the General Presbyterian Assembly here in 1S92. Ex-State Senator J. P. Wager has announced that he would start April 15 to walk across the continent. Ho expects to go from Astoria to Xew York in seven months. Half a Century Ago. From The Oreonian April 3, ISSti. The rains have raised the streams in Middle and Southern Oregon so that many of the stages have been obliged to stop. A private letter has been roceived from Honorable A. A. Denny stating that he has introduced a bill in Con gress to change the session of the Territorial Legislature from annual to biennial meeting. with double the present per diem pay for members; also appropriating $20,000 for improving the mail road from Montieello to Skookum chuck. The union ticket for Multnomah County selected at the recent conven tion is: For State Senators J. X. Dolph, David Powell; for Representa tives W. W. Upton, John S. White, A. Rosenheim, J. P. Garlick; Sheriff, Jacob Stitzel; County Clerk 11. C Coulson: Judge P. A. Marquani: As sessor John Dolan; Treasurer D. W. Williams: County Commissioners J. P. Lownsdale, Hans Hanson; Surveyor C. W. Burrage; Superintendent of Schools George H. Atkinson, and Coroner Dr. A. J. Hoffmann. The United States Senate has de cided that Stockton is not. entitled to the seat from Xew Jersey. James Ballantyne found a silver watch on Third street, between Clay and Columbia, yesterday. Rush Mendenhall has announced his candidacy for the House of Representa tives of the Assembly of Oregon. Mr. Walker, on Front street, has started a factory for the manufacture of beaver hats. James A. Wetmore, of Portland, and Miss Lucinda Porter, of Forest Grove, and J. E. Sedlak and Miss Lodema Crow were among the couples recently married. Today is the anniversary of the fall of Richmond. The city was occupied by General Weitzel Just after break fast April 3. 1SK5. Whipping; Post Vicious. PORTLAXD, April 2. (To the Ed itor.) On leading The Oregonian I was shocked to see that Judge Morrow would advocate the "whipping post" in this enlightened age. where it is so easy to do wrong and so easy to con demn. There is no doubt in my mind that there's something wrong in the Judge's composition that would cause him to exclaim: "Oh. for a whipping post law." Such a law would destroy every vestige of manhood. Men are not born with characters, they are made by circumstances. The unreason able sternness of such a law as the whipping post would do away with tho last lingering doubt of the brother hood of man. Many more would com mit suicide. What real mother would consent to- her son being tied to a whipping post and beaten? J nm a mother and would give my life for my children. 1 believe a. child who is taught early in lite that God is his father will prove a blessing to all, Riid will look upon life as a blessing. What boys and girls need is to be taught self-restraint. That they lack this essential is the rea son that many poor unfortunates are sent to the reform school. MIZPAIl. .lobn I.lnil Cenxlstrntf MYRTLE rOIXT, April 1. (To (i e Editor.) When our 30-day-old UipK mat, Hon. John Lind. reported on con ditions in Mexico, he is credited witl. the statement that we had no risht t" protect Americans in Mexico, for iri io ing so we were only shielding Wall street influences evidently forgetting 100,000 American citizens in that coun try who are not capitalists. Xow comes Mr. Lind into the 1. roe light as having certain connection' with the Oregon & California la ml grant to the extent of financial in vestments of his own. and he wants protection. Possibly Mr. Lind changes his views on money influences when things reach home. Is Mr. Lind con sistent? SUBSCRIBER. Poem In lroie. PORTLAXD, April 2. (To the Ed itor.) In one section of The Oregonian subscribers are contributing old verse, and I wonder if some of them cannot send in to you for publication an arti cle which appeared in The Sunday Ore gonian several years ago. This article was not in verse form. It was labeled: "Eulogy to a Dead Game Sport." and was the record of a funeral sermon delivered over the re mains of sl notorious character in Gold field, Xevada. To the lovers of poetical expression this article would be highly appreciat ed if you can locate and publish It. It. E. DANIEL. A Few Words Indians have a, saying. "It takes few words to tell the truth." Advertising is an illustration of the art of saying much without undue tax on the dictionary. Words cost money, and no ad vertiser can use them with profit to bolster up a false cause. Read the advertising in The Ore gonian. . Itead it carefullS". Patronize the stores that adver tise and ask for goods by name when you need them.