Morning Oregonian., March 24, 1916, Page 10, Image 10

so
TTTT! rOTtXTNQ OREGOXIAS. FRIDAY, -tfARCII 24. 1916.
rORTUSD. OREGON".
En'frxi at Portland (Oregon) postofflc as
r"-oiTl-class matter.
Subscription Bate Invariably In advance:
(By Mali
raf:v. Sunday Included, one year 8 00
Pmly. Sunday Included, six months 1. 7,1
IPaily, Sunday Included, three montha. . . 2-25
Daily. Sunday Included, one month -"A!
I'ai':-". without Sunday, one year
J-'aily. w ithout Sunday, sir months i -2.
E'allv. without Sunday three montha,... 1
X'aily, without Sunday, one month Sri
Weekly, one year 'J,
Sunday, one year..... Z.oO
Sunday and Weekly, one year - S.oO
(By Carrier.)
Fatly. Sunday Included, one year 8 00
L'aiK-. Sundav Included, one month T5
How to Kemit Send postoffice money or
der, expresa order or personal check on your
local bank. Stamps, coin or currency are at
sender's risk. Give postoffice addresses In
full, including county and state.
Postage Rates 12 to 16 pages. 1 cent: n
to Z pages, : cents: 34 to 4S pages, 3 cents;
BO to 60 pages. 4 cents: 2 to 7 pages. 5
cents: 78 to U2 pages, fl cents. Foreign post
age, double rates. ,
Ka.trrn Biifineaa Office Verree CnnK
lin. Brunsw ick building. New- Tork : Verree
Conklln. Steger bulldln?. Chicago. San
Irancisco representative, R. J. BidweU. HZ
Market street,
rORTLASD, FRIDAY, MARCH t. W.
LET US OPEN Ot-'ia EVES.
The Mexican excursion is no picnic;
it may turn out to be a great tragedy.
It is well to recognize the facts. All
Mexico is a powder magazine, and we
have ventured inside Its borders with
only 6000 soldiers, or even fewer.
What has happened to them, if any
thing, we do not know. What may
have happened, we can conjecture.
The average Mexican hates and
despises the American. Carranza,
upon whom we rely, has long been
contemptuous and unfriendly; and
Villa, whom we pursue, feels that we
have betrayed him. It is not to be
denied that we offered him our friend
ship and support, and he gratefully
accepted it; then suddenly we with
drew it, and insisted on showering our
unwelcome and unsolicited attentions
upon hi3 enemy.
Now our soldiers are more than 100
miles from the American border, cut
off from all communication, and
headed for unknown parts unknown,
but known to be seething with hostil
ity to the American. They are intrepid
and resourceful; but they are a hand
ful compared to the vast mass of their
enemies, actual and potential. It will
be nothing short of criminal if these
brave soldiers are not at once backed
up by all the military power of the
United States.
If we have not seen that Mexico is
aflame through the incitements of
Villa and his sympathizers, old and
new, we are blind if we do not see
it now, and govern ourselves accord
ingly. BANKERS AX1 RURAL CREDIT.
Many of the banks are making the
same mistake in regard to rural credit
as they made in regard to postal sav
ings banks. Fearing the entrance of
new competitors into the field with
Oovernment backing, they are oppos
ing rural credit bills and are raising
the old cry of the reactionary: "Let
well enough alone." They are as
suming, as a basis of criticism, facts
which do not exist that Government
funds are to be permanently invested
in farm loans; that a special favor is
to be shown farmers; that there is
no demand among farmers for the
new system; that present borrowing
facilities are ample at fair interest and
that it is proposed to use Government
funds in establishing banks to com
pete with and injure existing banks.
The terms of the joint committee
bill now before Congress are such
that, if the farmers do not desire the
rural credit system, none will be es
tablished, for it can be established
only on their initiative. The first
step to be taken is organization by
farmers of farm loan associations
within each of the twelve districts to
subscribe J100.000 to the capital of a-
farm land bank. This sum will rep
resent applications for loans of $2,
000,000. The Government is then to
offer the remainder of the minimum
capital $500,000 to the general
public for ninety days. If any of the
stock remains unsubscribed after that
period, it is to be taken by the Gov
ernment and paid for out of the Na
tional Treasury.
But this Government capital is not
to remain permanently in the busi
ness; it is only to help in getting the
loan system started 'and then to be
withdrawn by degrees as the farmers
increase their holdings.' The bill re
quires that each farmer who desires
to borrow- shall subscribe 6 per cent
of the proposed loan to the stock of
his farm loan association and that
the latter subscribe an equal amount
of stock in the farm land bank. As
loans increase, the bank's capital will
increase, always being 5 per cent of its
aggregate loans. After the minimum
capital of $500,000 has been exceeded,
as new stock is subscribed by farm
ers the Government's capital is to be
refunded and its stock cancelled. This
arrangement assures that, if the farm
ers generally enter into the scheme,
Government funds will soon be with
drawn and the farmers will control
the entire system under Federal
supervision and control.
Private capital is not, however, to
be denied an opportunity to engage
in the business aside from what stock
it may subscribe to the co-operative
banks. Joint stock hanks may be or
ganized to operate within single states
and to lend not more than fifteen
times their capital and surplus. If
they can make better terms with the
farmers and if the farmers should
prefer the freedom from publicity of
scrutiny of their affairs which these
banks will afford, private investors
can successfully compete with the co
operative banks.
The rural credit system will not be
a. special favor to one class; it will
simply remove discrimination against
that class which has resulted from the
operation of the National banking sys
tem. In practice that system has pro
vided banking facilities for every
business except agriculture. By for
bidding loans on real estate. It has dis
criminated against farmers. It has
gathered the savings of the farmers
into the cities to be lent chiefly to
merchants, manufacturers and rail
roads. The conditions governing ag
riculture require a special credit sys
tem different in character from that
provided for other business. The
short-term credit given to merchants
13 no more adapted to the farmers'
needs except for seasonal purposes
than is the long-term amortization
system to the needs of the merchants.
Rural credits will not be an excres
cence on the banking system; they
will simply fill a gap.
This system is justified on broad
grounds of public policy. It is neces
sary to correct a. social maladjustment
whereby the urban has' grown out of
all proportion to the rural population.
One of the main causes of that evil Is
the high cost of capital to the farmer
and the short terms for which private
rnpital is lent. There has resulted, if
not deterioration of farms and in th
type of men who engage in farming,
at least a far slower improvement
than is found in other industries. The
production per acre compares un
favorably with that of Europe, where
rural credit is fully mobilized. The
causes are inability of farmers to pro
cure capital for fertilizing and fully
developing the land and the poor in
ducement which farming offers to
men of brains, energy and enterprise.
Co-operative farm banks would
take little or no liusiness from the
commercial banks, for the bill care
fully restricts their general banking
operations to business which is inci
dental to their main purpose. By
their aid in increasing the production
of farms and hence the prosperity of
farmers, the new banks iwill swell the
volume of business done by the cities
and hence the business of commercial
banks. They will bring into the chan
nels of trade capital which has not
existed before and will add much to
the general aggregate wealth, in which
commercial banks will share. Banks
should take warning by their exper
ience with postal savings banks. Fear
ing that the latter would divert de
posits from them, they opposed adop
tion of the postal system and have
successfully limited its activity. In
practical working that system has
drawn out the hoards of the poor and
has redeposited themin private banks,
where they would never otherwise
have been placed. Realizing this fact,
the American Bankers' Association
has formally withdrawn its opposition
to postal banks, though bankers short
sightedly continue to oppose removal
of restrictions on the amount of in
dividual deposits. The bankers are
likely to have the same experience in
the working out of a rural credit system.
BE rIPIX)MATIC.
A word of admonition to the As
toria naval base committee is not
amiss. There are numerous vital rea
sons why a naval base should be es
tablished near the mouth of the Co
lumbia River. But their most effec
tive presentation does not demand a
belligerent attitude toward California
or Puget Sound nor require disparage
ment of money expended or works
erected at Bremerton or Mare Island.
There Is one reason for establishing
a naval base at Astoria that ought to
induce the hearty co-operation of all
broadminded, patriotic citizens on
Puget Sound. It would close a gap
in the defense of Puget Sound. It
would minimize tho possibility of a
flank attack by a hostile force which
sought to invade by way of the Colum
bia River.
But co-operation cannot bo secured
by opposing appropriations for the
Puget Sound Navy-yard, or by an
tagonizing Puget Sound friends we al
ready have. Representative Humphrey,
of Seattle, is a member of the rivers
and harbors committee and has con
sistently exhibited friendliness for the
Columbia River. The Puget Sound
Navy-yard is also dear to his heart.
Has he shown antagonism to the As
toria naval base?
The entire Pacific Coast should have
adequate defense. We think it can
not have adequate defense without a
naval base in the Columbia. Nor do
we believe it could have adequate de
fense by concentrating all naval ac
tivity at the mouth of the Columbia.
The Astoria naval base is one of the
necessary links in a chain. The thing
to do is to make other communities
recognize that fact. But that cannot
be done with a club.
TUB PLAIN ROAD TO rEACE.
In the public schools we educate
boys to do their part as citizens by
developing and filling their brains
with knowledge, and - to an in
creasing degree by training their hands
and muscles. In the church and Sun
day school we aim to develop their
moral nature. At the same time that
this education is going on iwe should
develop those qualities which are best
imparted by military training and
which are equally 'valuable in civil
life.
A soldier not onily learns to fight-
he learns discipline, teamwork, or
derly habits, cleanliness, regard for
sanitary laws, ability to take care of
himself outdoors and in perilous
places. He should learn to apply to
military use the trade which he pur
sues in peace. Above all, military
training would teach every citizen that
he owes a duty to the Nation cor
responding to the duty which the Na
tion owes to him. He would learn
patriotism not merely that patriotism
which prompts him to sing "America,"
wave the American flag and celebrate
the Fourth of July, but that patriotism
which prompts him to fight in defense
of his country as instinctively as he
would fight for his mother or his
wife. He would develop a well-
rounded character.
If all our citizens were thus trained,
this Nation would attain a degree of
efficiency which would amaze the
world by its achievements in peace and
would become so invincible in war
that none would dare attack it. The
United States could then approach
other nations with a proposal to form
a league of peace such as Mr. Taft
advocates and could do so with con
fidence that they would heed. The
way to universal peace lies not in
national impotence but in fully de
veloped national strength, accompa
nied by a sincere devotion to peace
which should be demonstrated by
every act of our Government.
IN MEMORY OF MEADE.
It is not exceptional that men of
great worth and service to their coun
try should die neglected and mold for
gotten, to be rediscovered in time by
those whom they served so largely and
so well. It would require no great
labor to compile a dictionary of men
who have been treated in such fashion.
The list would include men who, with
the passage of centuries, have joined
the ranks of the immortals, once the
perspective of time had been lent to
their massive deeds.
General George Gordon Meade is
the latest of our forgotten servitors to
be rescued from the dark environs of
neglect. After statues have been erect
ed in honor of nearly all the Civil War
leaders. North and South, who distin
guished themselves in the battlefields
of the Civil War. someone has sug
gested that the directing mind of the
Union forces as Gettysburg should not
be permitted to perish from memory.
Gettysburg is one of the tworld's
memorable battles. Pickett's charge
at Gettysburg, Lincoln's Gettysburg
speech, innumerable incidents of Get
tysburg have been proclaimed by suc
ceeding generations of men. But the
vctor of Gettysburg has escaped hom
age and honor. It is fitting that a
committee has been named in Con
gress to select a site for a memorial at
Washington. The cost of site, founda
tion and pedestal will be borne by the
Government, while tho state of Penn
sylvania will provide the imposing
statue. Thus a worthy name in Ameri
can history will be commemorated.
While General Meade's critics have
contended that he failed to follow up
his victory at Gettysburg, failed to
strike with all .the intensity that his
position, forces and military advan
tages dictated, it must be remembered
that he won 'at Gettysburg. Perhaps
he contributed more largely to his
country's weal than many of those
whose imposing statues are taking on
the tarnish of time even while the
first stone in the Meade memorial
awaits the mortar.
MR. riTTOCK AM) WATER TOWERS.
H. L. Pittock, owner of The Oregonlan.
and his son-in-law. K. "W. Leadhettor, are
interested in power concerns in California.
"That ia the reason for tiK'ir opposition to
the Ferris bill. They want the riirht xto con
demn power aites for w-liat the l;Tnd is worth
for aRricuItural purposes, which value is
generally nominal.
This and more at the same tenor
are printed conspicuously in the Port
land Evening Journal as a report of
the remarks of Oswald West at a pub
lic meeting AVednesday night. Mr.
Pittock is quite willing that all his
financial transactions, past or pres
ent, be made tho subject of Inquiry
from any responsible or authorized
source; and ho would be especially
pleased to have them compared with
the operations of any of his critics.
He is quite aware that they have been
straightforward down to the least par
ticular; and he rests well of nights
about the whole record of a long life,
serene in the consciousness that no
political backer, no cautious seeker of
favors at his hands, no thrifty patron
age broker, has in his custody any
of his promissory notes, which the
creditor is obliged for any reason to
mark "no good," and which the maker
may pay only after unexpected and un
desirod publicity. Without pretend
ing that this latter remark is to be
taken merely as an insinuation, The
Oregonlan will say that this is pre
cisely what happened to Oswald West,
when Governor of Oregon, in the mat
ter of a $2000 note payable to a Sa
lem banker.
The reasons for the opposition of
The Oregonian to the Ferris water
power bill have been many times
stated in its columns. They are
wholly adequate. But, whether they
are adequate or not, the statement
made by Mr. West is untrue. Mr. Pit.
tock has not invested a dollar in
water-power concerns, in California
or elsewhere, nor so far as he knows
has Mr. Leadbetter. The only pro
prietary interest Mr. Pittock has in
water-power sites anywhere is as a
stockholder in a paper company which
operates mills at Oregon City, Or.;
Camas, Wash., and Floriston, Cal. The
Camas mill is run chiefly by electric
power, but it has a small water power
which it uses in emergencies. The
Oregon City plant buys its power, like
any other customer, from the owner
at Willamette Falls, and the Callfr
nia mill has a power plant in the
Truckee River. But these are all de
veloped water powers( not on public
lands, and Federal legislation pro
posed through the Ferris bill does not
in any way affect them; nor does any
proposed extension of the operations
of any of these paper manufactories
have any relation to any kind of Fed
eral or state legislation.
Now since Mr. Pittocks private af
fairs are of so much interest to impe
cunious politicians and envious news
papers, let us say that Mr. Pittock is
the pioneer in the manufacture of pa
per on the Pacific Coast. Forty or
more years ago he sought to build and
operate a paper mill on the Clack
amas River. Later, through his in
dividual enterprise and investment, a
site was acquired by open purchase
and not by seeking any kind of
privilege from Government, 6tate or
citizen and a mill built and started
at Camas. These early projects were
not financially successful; but Mr.
Pittock persevered through many
years, and at last his faith, persistence
and judgment were rewarded 'by the
creation of a great and prosperous in
dustry in Oregon and Washington. It
is not amiss to say that as a result
of his enterprise and courage, these
states have been much benefited. Hun
dreds and even thousands of men have
been given employment, homes have
been built, and communities have
been established. It is only from the
mouths of such men as Mr. West and
the columns of such newspapers as
the Portland Journal that the public
hears that achievements of construc
tural and helpful enterprise are the
acts of an enemy of the general weal.
It is pertinent to add that in pre
cisely this way Mr. Pittock has in
vested his earnings, honestly made
before the eyes of all his neighbors
and the whole commonwealth, in
other productive Industries, such as
sawmills, and he has erected or helped
to erect more than one creditable
building in Portland. If, besides,
there is reason for anyone to be
proud of The Oregonian, it is Mr.
Pittock, who has been on the same
Job as publisher and proprietor for a
period longer than the average span
of human life.
It may be that the public is not at
all interested in Mr. Pittock's affairs,
and The Oregonian feels disposed to
offer an apology for obtruding them
on its notice. But he did not intro
duce the subject, and he is usually
indifferent to the shafts of detraction
and calumny directed against him
and The Oregonian. He has no rea
son to think that anyone will attach
importance to the accusations of Mr.
West, whether true or false; but he
will not deny that any charge from
any source affecting his personal in
tegrity is of concern to him. Hence
this response.
A HUMANE EITICENCY TEST.,
Eliminating the unfit in industrial
life is at best a hard process. At pres
ent it follows ruthless chaotic lines.
A man fails for mental or physical
reasons and is thrown out of employ
ment. The thought that he might fit
some other niche is not considered.
Competition must be met by individu
als according to their own powers, and
readjustments must be effected
through their own ingenuity.
Systematic examination and classi
fication of employes has been under
taken by a great New York industrial
concern and reports of results em
phasize the necessity of helpful co
operation between employer and em
ploye. It was found that -workmen
aflficted "with heart disorders were en
gaged in work that would bring their
ailment to a tragic climax; that per
sons engaged in work requiring acute
vision had defective eyesight, and that
scores of employes were performing
various sorts of work for which they
were unsuited.
Such system of inquiry naturally
leads to elimination of employes from
work which may be dangerous to their
lives and damaging to the best inter
ests of the employer. At the same
time the defects and dangers are lo
cated before, the workman fails com
pletely and thus he may he assigned
to duties within his physical or men
tal limitations. Here is a new field
of inquiry and research which should
be made the most of, e. field which
offers great possibilities both from an
economic and a humane point of view.
If employers, too, were -brought under
some intelligent, comprehensive and
well-organized system of determining
their limitations and abilities the num
ber of failures should be reduced to
a minimum.
In a speech before the National
Press Club the other evening Speaker
Champ Clark discoursed on the value
to a constituency of Representatives
of long experience. We quote:
The best rule. It seems to me. Is for a
district to select a man young enough
to learn and to grow, with at least fair
capacity. industrious. honest. energetic,
sober and courageous, and keep him here
so lonr as he discharges his duties faith
fully and well. Such a man will grad
ually rise to high position and influence
in the House.
Mr. Clark also cited a long list of
Important committee chairmanships
held by Representatives of extended
service. That a member of - either
house gains prestige and influence
with long service cannot be disputed.
But we fancy that in the main the
members who have been returned,
term after term, have been watchful
of and energetic in their state or dis
trict interests as well as National
interests. Ho is really a big man who
can keep in touch with little, intimate,
local affairs while serving in the
broader capacity. It is small satis
faction to constituents to know that
their Congressman is a large figure in
National counsels If they cannot gain
his attention for their own needs. We
know of such men in Congress. Ex
perience alone does not make a true
statesman.
The United States Coast and Geo
detic Survey has adopted an interest
ing method of locating uncharted
rocks that menace navieratlon in Alas
kan coast waters. A wire drag, 15,000
feet long, is operated by vessels em
ployed in the service, and this drag is
sometimes moved over an area of
twenty square miles in a single day.
In one locality five out of twelve
buoys marking dangerous rocks were
placed on shoals 'found in the wire
drag work. Alaskan coast waters were
formerly felt out by navigators and
the only safe course was to follow
routes that had been already covered
without accident. This was not al
ways possible, hence the large toll
taken of ships by the pinnacle rocks
which rise from great depths In the
inside passages. There has long been
demand for accurate charting of
Alaskan waters, and the Government
at last seems to have awakened to the
Importance of Alaskan commerce.
Another anniversary exposition is
planned for 1918, when San Antonio,
Texas, proposes to commemorate the
founding of the city and southwest
civilization by the Franciscan Friars.
The year will mark the lapse of 2 00
years since the event, San Antonio
asks for a Government exhibit, but
no subsidy. It also desires that the
United States invite participation by
Latin-American governments. An in
teresting work in connection with the
exhibition is the proposed restoration
of the five missions erected by the
Friars In and around San Antonio. All
but one, the Alamo, are in a state of
dilapidation and ruin. The exposition
should prove attractive not only to
tourists but to students of early Amer
ican history.
Unrestrained by the censorship, the
border-rumor factory is working dou
ble shift and keeps the nervous all
wrought up. In our deep distrust of
any Mexican it has good material to
work on, for there Is a haunting dread
that Carranza may have lured Gen
eral Pershing's army into a trap and
that a much larger army may have
to be sent to the rescue.
Russia may restrict use of meat
among the civil populace in order that
the army can be supplied. It re
quires a substantial beef diet to con
duct extensive and continual retreats.
Congress may authorize an army of
so many men, but can the recruiting
officers get them? That is the real
problem of preparedness under the
system of voluntary enlistment.
If the allies must have our lumbei
for warlike purposes, the Pacific Coast
is willing to supply it, but would far
rather have it used In rebuilding Eu
rope's ruined towns.
Millions of cans of beef stew are be
ing shipped to the allies from America.
If it is tho tame kind we furnished
our own soldiers Jn '98, heaven help
the allies. " '
If the Germans capture Verdun they
will not capture a fortress but only
so much ground to which both they
and the French attach a sentimental
value.
Speaking of the horrors of war, im
agine the feelings of a man who has
bought an automobile on the Install
ment plan as he watches gasoline soar.
The Socialist Congressman from
New York stands pat in opposing Army
legislation. Just suppose men of that
ilk were in control of Congress.
The soothing song of the molly
coddle only drives Young America
into military training with, greater ar
dor by exciting his disgust.
Moran-Willard fight receipts have
reached a total of $150,000. . All tho
elements of a real cmxmpionshlp mill
except the fighters.
Funston wants more Army troops
on the border. Why not call out Gen
eral Wood's celebrated Army reserve
fourteen men ?
Now we know why the price of
gasoline has been soaring of late. John,
D. has Just made his annual university
donation.
If all the Multnomah County regis
tration procrastinators could be mob
ilized the Army problem would be
solved.
Peace rumors are hurting war
stocks. Peace will deal a hard blow
to those who fatten at tho war trough.
Some day a Judge with sporting
blood will insist that wrangling law
yers fight to a finish.
Another death from pellagra will
give Oregon the discredit of a disease
brought from Texas.
The finders of Villa will soon, le as
numerous as the men who caught Tas
cott. Gasoline is entering the champagne
class .so far as cost is concerned.
About time for tho first straw, hat
of the Summer, -
How to Keep Well
By Dr. W. A. F.rnos,
Questions pertinent to hygiene, sanitation
and prevention of disease, if matters of gen
eral interest, will be answered in this col
umn. Where space will not permit or the
subject is not suitable, letter will be per
sonally answered, subject to proper limita
tions and where stamped, addressed en
velope is inclosed. Pr. Evans will not make
diaernosti or prescribe for individual dis
eases. Requests for such service cannot be
answered.
(Copyright. 1!1. by Err. TV. A. Evans.
Published by arrangement with Chicago
Tribune.
How to Heal n Bruise.
A correspondent asks the best meth
od to clear up a black eye. The an
swer will apply to all forms of bruises.
The custom, in some quarters, is to ap
ply a piece of raw meat. Some make
iyso of leeches. Each of these methods
has its advantages.
Tho conditions to be remedied are
these: The small blood vessels are In
jured and some blood has oozed into
the tissues under the ekin. There is
also some injury to the muscles, nerves,
ligaments and bones if the bruise is
in an area where muscles, ligaments
and bones were near the eurface.
Sometimes the skin has been broken;
more frequently not
The blood loose in the tissues is red
the first day, black by the third day
and .gradually turns a greenish yellow
thereafter. The process by which red
blood turns black and then a greenish
yellowish black is somewhat similar to
that by which tho liver makes the col
oring matter of red blood into greenish
bile. For the absorption of this broken-down
blood several weeks are -required.
Is there any way in which this chain
of colors can be avoided? The theory
behind the use of leeches is that they
will draw out the blood loose In the
tissues. There is a good deal of basis
for the practice. But leeches are not
easy to get.
Such efficacy as raw meat has Is due
to the pressure by a cojd, moist, adapt
able mass, for the . meat is notHing
more than a pad. Some of the oozed
blood is pressed out of the tissue.
Around the eye the massaging is to
be done with the palm of the hand
and tho balls of the fingers. Cold cream
or some other clean grease is to be
used. Irritation of the sKIn is to be
avoided. In the case of a bruise on a
limb the massage in the main is to be
toward the trunk. If around the eye
it is to be from the center of the bruise
toward the edge. The pressure must
be gentle, but firm.
The object of the first massage Is to
empty the tissues of the blood which
has oozed into them. Pressed out of
the injured area it will get back Into
the lymphatics and some of it into tho
capillaries and be carried away.
Blood in the tissues does not coagu
late as promptly as when it is exposed
to the air. Therefore massaging need
not toe done, immediately after the in
jury. After the massage a cold, wet
pad should be applied. Probably the
man of the street would want to ap
ply a piece of raw meat. There Is no
objection to his doing so. Probably
the physician would, want to apply a
pad soaked in boric acid solution or
possibly in a lead and opium wash.
The next day, and every day there
after, the bruise should be massaged.
The object in this massaging is to help
the bruised muscles, ligaments and
bones and to promote absorption of the
blood which may not have been ab
sorbed at the time of the first mas
sage. Massage will shorten the greenish-yellowish-black
stage of a neg
lected bruise.
Baby's Food.
Mrs. R. c. A. writes: "1. In what
amounts should a baby 8 months old be
given prune and orange Juice? 8She is
bottle fed arul quite constipated. 2.
Is Robinson's patent barley flour a pre
pared food or Just flour? 3. Baby's
weight is 10 pounds; is there need for
worry? Seems well. 4. Is a day feeding
necessary when baby goes to sleep at
9 P. M. and is fed then and does not
awaken until 6 A. M. ? 6. Baby gets six
feedings of four ounces each; is this
sufficient?".
REPLY. "
1. Babies 3 months old are not elven
orange and prune Juice.
2. It La a specially prepared barley flour.
Any other standard barley flour will answer.
3. If she Is well and happy, why worry?
4. The rule is to feed a 8-months-oId
baby once at night, but your baby has been
trained to sleep all night. Let her Bleep.
5. You can safely Increase the amount
at a feeding to five or seven ounces. If
you will use less cream In your formula the
change may lessen the constipation.
Cause of Pin Worm.
K. M. writes: "What is the cause of
pin worms, and what is a remedy?"
REPLY.
The eggs of plnworms art taken In with
the food. The eggs hatch and the worms
take up their residence in the large In
testine. Here they propagate. In most
cases catarrh of the largo intestine com
plicates the cases.
Treatment: Use an ordinary enema. Fol
low with a large enema of warm salt water
(tablespoonful of salt to a half pint of
water). Repeat as often as required. Give
one grain of santonin every night for aix
nights. Give a dose of purgative water or
some other purgative each morning follow
ing the santonin. Decrease tha amount of
starch In the diet.'
Baby Splta Up Milk.
Mrs. F. F. F. wrties: "My baby girl
is 34 months old and healthy, but
after nursing she always throws up a
quantity of milk. What kind of baby
food can I give her besides my milk?
I think she Is hungry and I can't depend
only on my" milk."
REPLY.
Prahably she overfills her utomach and
spits up some of the excess. This is not a
serious trouble. Do not give her any food
except breast milk. Can't you take the
oreast away when she has had enough and
before she overfills?
Sugar of Milk.
Mrs. J. A. M. writes: "What food val
ue has sugar of milk in a baby's milk?
Is it for eweetening only?"
REPLY.
Jiigar of milk, as well aa other sugars
used In baby foods, has a high food value.
It makes heat and energy.
Compensation Act Question.
PORTLAND, March 23. (To the Edi
tor.) If a man is sawing lath for a
lumber, company coming within the
workmen's compensation act and the
man hires and pays the men needed,
who pays the percentage to the state?
R. A. LINSCOTT.
Assuming there is a bona fide con
tract between the sawmill operator and
the individual cutting lath by the
thousand, the contractor would become
the employer. He is liable to the state
for an amount equal to 3.5 per cent
of his payroll; that is, the amount paid
by him for hired help. He would also
collect 1 cent a day from each work
man and remit this amount with his
own contribution. As an employer ho
does not remit on his own earnings,
neither is he entitled to compensation
for injury, the compensation act being
protection to workmen only. If, on the
other hand, he was really a represen
tative of the mill company with a
piece work arrangement instead of
wages, then he would be a workman
and the mill company would be liable
for remittances on himself and those
under bim.
Liquor With Household Good.
ROKEBURG, Or., March 22. (To the
Editor.) Can homemade wine, in a
measure intoxicating, and in quantity
in excess of two quarts, be legally
shipped with household goods from one
part of Oregon to another part of tne
same etato? It. H.
It can be legally shipped within the
confines of the state, If its ownership
Is not changed.
PASSING OF" PORTLAND ACADEMY
Mr. Htrlmia Recite Alma of Its
Possderi and Praises Donors.
PORTLAND, March 23. (To the Edi
tor.) News of the determination of the
trustees of Portland Academy to close
that institution at the end of the pres-
ent school year aroused widespread,
poignant regret. And now that the first
shock which the decision gave us has
worn off, I am experiencing much the
same emotion as one feels after losing
a valued friend, an emotion which,
however tempered by reconciliation to
the inevitable, comprises affection, ap
preciation and sadness. My feelings, I
know, reflect those of a great many
others. We feel that we are watching
the passing of one whose allotted time
has almost run, but who grows dearer
to us-as the end draws nigh.
It is not my purpose to recite the
achievements of the academy, to re
count the many strong, able men and
women whom it has erraduatd. to re
mind you of its high scholastic standard
and standing, to enumerate its con
tributions to the educational develop
ment of Portland all these are already
known and appreciated. I cannot, re
frain, however, from paying my tribute
to those who made the academy. It
was my good fortune to be connected
for seven years with the two men who
founded it and hence to know their
hopes, to feel the influence which they
were exerting and to measure their de
votion. Higher ideals exist in no one than
existed in Dr. J. R. Wilson and Dr. S.
R. Johnston. Their supreme purpose
in founding and conducting the acad
emy was to do two things: First, to
make it the best of. secondary schools.
Intellectually and morally; and, second,
a result of the first, to have it do the
most, intellectually and morally, for its
students. From this purpose they never
varied; in theirv efforts to achieve it
they never faltered.- They had many
discouragements, did much work that
for a time seemed fruitless, but in the
end they knew that they had accom
plished their -aims. Different in tem
peraments, tastes, personalities and
methods of thought, but alike in
standard of conduct and scholarship,
they, made a combination as successful
as it was unique. I never have seen
two other men'like them who, if placed
in a similar position, would not soon
be at swords' points; I have never seen
any two men agree better than they
did. They had equal authority in all
phases of the work and yet so
thoroughly did they understand each
other, such confidence did they have,
that never did their lines of conduct
cross, or their courses conflict. We
subordinates used to call it marvelous.
"The strong influence which they ex
erted upon the young people who wore
entrusted to their charge is the thing
most spoken of by the graduates. Firm,
uncompromising, oftentimes stern and
severe as was their treatment of the
students, it was so pervaded with
justice and good will, that rarely, if
ever, did it meet with anything but
Instant and cheerful acquiescence.
Moreover, they had a quality of lead
erships not of the remote, unsympa
thetic, high-brow type that makes for
resentment and even for rebellion
but of the sympathetic, comradeship
kind that conduces to good fellowship
and good results in both character and
conduct. They developed many boys
and girls into good, reliable students,
but they did something of far greater
importance than that, they added the
stuff that made them good, reliable
men and women.
The academy was never a paying in
stitution. I doubt that the founders
thought it would ever do any more
than defray its own expenses. Its pur
pose was educational rather than finan
cial. Year after year there was a der
ficit, which had to be made up if. the
work was to go on. It was made up
at first by W. S. Ladd. and later by his
heirs, by the Corbetts, and by other
liberal donors. It is the fashion to
rail at the wealthy for what they do
and for what they do not do. But
In this instance fair play requires that
this community acknowledge its grati
tude to them for generously maintain
ing for us an educational institution
which met a certain need and per
formed a certain function and for con
tinuing it at a loss until the need was
otherwise met and the function other
wise performed. H. H. HERDMAN.
FIRST U. S. TROOPS AT VANCOUVER
Captain Incalls' Battery Preceded Colo
nel Lorlng's Command Four Months.
STEVENSON, Wash., March 22. To
the EdXtor.) In The Oregonian is an
article from Ed C. Ross in regard to the
first military occupation of Fort Van
couver, which contains an error which
I beg leave to correct. Mr. Ross states
that he is of the opinion that the first
troops to occupy that post were the
Fourth Infantry, commanded by Colonel
Loring.
The first troops to occupy Vancouver
consisted of a battery of field artillery,
commanded by Brevet Major Hathaway,
and was encamped Just back of the
buildings of the Hudson's Bay Company
as early as May 25, 1849. With this
command Was Captain Rufus Ingalls,
A. Q. M., afterwards Major-General In
galls, of the Union Army.
The troops commanded by Colonel
William W. Loring were the mounted
rifle regiment. These troops left Fort
Leavenworth on May 10, 1849, reached
Fort Kearny (not Kearney) May 31.
Fort Laramie June 22, Fort Hall Aug
ust 5, Fort Boise August 29, The Dalles
September 13 and Vancouver October
S, 1849.
Garrisons had been left at Laramie
and Hall, so that only six companies
reached Vancouver. These were fer
ried over the Columbia on a schooner
rbrought xtp from Astoria for the pur
pose and the command marched
"through a forest so dense and a thick
et so continuous and confusing that It
was lost several times in going the 25
mijes to Oregon City."
Houses abandoned by their owners
to go to the California gold fields were
occupied by the troops during the en
suing Winter and until barracks could
be built at Vancouver.
ALBERT R. GREENE.
Merely Dlscussinar Public Discussion.
PORTLAND, March 23. (To the Ed
itor.) To use a Latin phrase, Mr. Ford
E. Shaw "got off on the wrong foot."
He and his fellow critics are publicly
discussing the purely private business
of Tom Jones and his wife, and I
called that intermeddling, which It, is.
I was publicly discussing that publio
discussion of the purely private busi
ness of Mr. and Mrs. Jones. That's the
difference.
Any man has the right to discuss Mr.
Shaw's publio discussion, but there IS
grave doubt, as I indicated, of the pro
priety of engaging in a public discus
pion. either by the John Smiths or the
Ford Shaws, of a matter so exclusively
and delicately relating: to the private
affairs of Mr. and Mrs. Tom Jones as to
whether they will become the parents
of three children, 10 or none. See?
So I repeat: "Why prowl In fields
where we neither have any business or
any facts to guide us?"
T. T. GEEK
Reward Would Get Villa.
PORTLAND, March 23. (To the Ed
itor.) To your just criticism of Secre
tary Daniels for his blunders I say
amen. But what can you expect when
the whole bunch in the White House
seems tainted with lack of foresight?
If the Government had offered as a
reward for the capture and delivery of
Villa, dead or alive, what it is costing
it now in one week we should have had
him before now, and no one hurt. Two
hundred and fifty thousand dollars
would have called every cowboy in
America and the-whol of Mexico into
the saddle m less than 24 hours; bettor
do It yet.
May the Lord save us from this
plnhead Government. AtFIGHTER,
In Other Days
Twenty-Five Years Abo.
From The Oregonian of March 'Jl, isnl.
Worcester. Mass., Marcli 2". Ex-Con-gressman
McKinley, of Ohio, wasac-
political meeting at Mechanics' Hall
Luis viiin-,. itiiiuitK 1 1 1 u ii 1 1 it i.-ii t men
On the platform wore Senator Hoar,
ex-Governor Brackett and Congress
man Walker. Mr. McKinley spoke at
length on the tariff.
London, March Tiie disgust Is
general at the interference of postal
authorities with the Americrin system
of messenger service with electric rails
which was recently started hero with
every prospect of success. The public
discontent is increased, as tho seri-e,
introduced as a substitute is univer
sally denounced by the press as ao
surd. 1. I. Thompson arrived homo yes
terday afternoon from a trip to Eastern
Oregon, where ho lias boon on a busi
ness trip connected with his banking
interests.
Probably no criminal case in Ore
gon's history lias attracted the atten
tion and aroused such, intense fee'.ins:
as that of Sandy Olds, who killed Emll
Webber on the corner or Third and
Alder streets May 11. 1SS!. The Jury
tried Olds at Hillsboro and brought in
a verdict Sunday of manslaughter.
Special Agent of tho Treasury Mul
key, of Port Townsend. is in the city
on business. He says that, owing to
the untiring vigilance of inspectors,
he thinks but little op-urn is being
smuggled into this country from Vic
toria. Judge P. P. Prim, of Jacksonville,
one of the oldest residents of the
Rogue River Valley, who occupied the
bench for upwards of 20 years, is in
the city on a visit.
Half a Century Aro.
Prom Tho oregonian of March 24, ISflQ.
That vilest of all Northern seces
sion papers, the New York News, is
highly pleased at the recent conduct of
the I'resident. Every Southern rebel,
from Robert K. Lee down to the mean
est Confederate private, is equally jubi
lant over it.
The Union convention for the county
will be hold in this city today. Thir
teen delegates are to be chosen for the
Union state convention, which will be
held at Corvallls next Thursday, and a
full county and legislative ticket will
be nominated.
T. McF. Tatton, Esq., called upon us
last evening three days from Union
town, ' Grand Ronde Valley. On the
way down tho Columbia, upon arriving
at Umatilla, there wns a rush of pas
sengers to take the stage, so he, with,
many passengers, proceeded to Wal
lula. The report of rich discoveries
near Auburn is confirmed by Mr. Pat
ton. The operations at Baker City are
very active.
Three nights ago 15 Snake Indians
went into the camp of Evans and Har
dlstv, at Warm Springs, and drove off
about six head of horses and took
everything they could find in tho camp.
Jeff Davis sits gloomily in his cell,
thinking himself abandoned by his old
friends. How it would cheer his pa
triot heart to learn that his Demo
cratic friends in Columbia. County, Orp
gon, have not deserted him that thoy
still think his Democracy unimpeacha
ble. Courage. Jefferson Davis, your
friends arc speaking out.
"Hoosier Dan" and Williams, the
Umatilla robbers, who escaped from
Jail a few days a?o, have boon recap
tured within a mile of their former
place of confinement. Thoy were found
secreted under an old log house.
J. ITennessy Murpliy Wants to K now.
PORTLAND, March 23. (To the Ed
itor.) I am not going to ask The Ore
gonian to answer a Question that I
would not put to a Bryan Democrat in
a bughouse.
But for the purpose of clarifying the
atmosphere so that we of the pre
paredness ritual and faith may know
exactly what wo are working ourluims
about, I would ask that trinity of the
local Democracy, Messrs. O'Neill, Ar
mltage and Thornton, to define that
much-talked-about and so little under
stood political dogma called the Mon
roe doctrine as it is received or ac
cepted today.
Was there ever such a "doctrine" at
all? Verily here is something worth
fighting about, leaving such hothouse
and pink tea issues as "birth control"
to the lady publicists and platformlsts
to thrash out with the pacificists. What
is the "Monroe doctrine?" Was there
ever such a "doctrine" at all?
What's the matter with the Bryan
Boru Democracy? What are they fight
ing about, anyway, and if there was
anything worth fighting about, would
there be a nght? What is the Monroe
doctrine? J. HEXXESSY MURPSIY.
RcKlsterluc In Advance of Majority.
PORTLAND, March 23. (To the Edi
tor.) I shall reach my majority in
May, which will be too late to register
for the coming presidential election.
Desiring to vote at this election. Is
there any way in which I can be
sworn in or otherwise duly qualified
as a legal voter?
YOUNG AMERICAN.
If you will attain your majority be
fore May IP, the date of the primary,
you can register now. If after May
13, you will have opportunity to reg
ister before the general election.
Descent of Property.
nrUjnpflRT fir March "1 (To the
NEditor.) (1) What share of the prop
erty WOUia SO lO 1113 "lie ii. - t-.i--
erty was deeded to the husband, and
they have no children, if he should die
without a will?
(2) If a widow died leaving no will,
what part of the property would go to
her own children and stepchildren?
MRS. CHAS. R. COPE LAND.
(1) All.
(2) The property, if hers in fee,
would be divided amons her own chil
dren. City Office in A nshincion.
ILWA.CO, Wash., March 22. (To the
Editor.) Can a person leprally hold the
office of Mayor or Councilman in a
fourth-class town in Washington who
is not a taxpaver other than personal?
REGULAR SUBSCRIBER.
He can. There is no Oislinction be
tween taxppyors. personal nr roal.
Come to Our "Movies"
The advertising columns of this
newspaper are daily motion pictures
of the business activity of this com
munity and a good part of the rest
of the world. "
They show thfl ebb and flow of
trade. They reflect the prosperity
of our people.
If this newspaper did nothing
else than to present those adver
tisements to its readers day by day
it would be rendering good service.
Every newspaper reader should
be an advertising reader.
It means being better informed
and being posted at all times as to
the good tilings the market offers.
It is tho kind of reading that is
entirely to your profit.
Begin today the advertisements
are particularly interesting.
4