TITE MORXTXG OREGOXIAIT, WEDNESDAY, 3IAKCH 13, 1916.
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rORTXAXD, WEDNESDAY, MARCH 15, 1916
LOOIC OP EVENTS IN' MEXICO.
The necessity of armed intervention
in Mexico, which has now come upon
President "Wilson -with such urgency
that he can. no longer resist, is the
logical consequence of his own action
and inaction. It is a necessity which
arose when the first American was
killed in Mexico or in a border battle
between Mexican, armies. Facts have
more and more urgently impressed
that necessity upon him from, day to
day throughout the last three years.
His failure to recognize and act upon
that necessity when, it first arose in
stead of closing his eyes to it until
after three years of unpunished mur
der of Americans by Mexicans is ex
plained by his obstinate adherence to
what the Chicago Tribune well de
scribes as "a policy which hung by a
thread of theory in a vacuum of fact."
That theory was that the Mexicans
had a right to kill, outrage or rob
Americans as an incident of their civil
wars. It was that they had a right
to fight out their internal quarrsjs in
their own way, even if that way in
volved the killing of defenseless
Americans. It was that no duty rested
upon this Government to avenge the
slain, to call the murderers to account
and to use armed force in. protecting
the survivors. It was that the confi
dence and respect of the Mexicans
could bo won by acquiescence in their
crimes. The only action taken by our
Government for protection of our
citizens in conformity with this policy
was to warn them to flee from & coun
try where it would not protect them
and to say that if they remained or
were too slow in fleeing and were mur
dered, their blood would be on their
own heads.
Events of the last three years in
Mexico reveal how the Mexicans in
terpreted that policy. They began in
their border battles by showing indif
ference to whether bullets flew across
the line and killed Americans. They
mero encouraged to repeat the offense
by finding that our troops remained
inactive in the presence of such out
rages, for the officers' hands were tied
by orders not to shoot. They went on
to kill, imprison, torture Americans in
the Interior of Mexico. These crimes
were not the work of any one faction.
Huertistas. Carranzistas. Villistas, Za
patistas, all alike regarded Americans
as fair game. The killing was not all
done by organized military forces, nor
by civil officers, for one man was slain
by Mayo Indians at Ahome and an
other by a civilian at Tampico. Any
body was free to kill an American. His
life was as cheap as that of a Spaniard
or a Chinaman, and for a parallel rea
son Spain or China could not, the
United States would not, meet force
with force for the protection of its
citizens, and with Mexicans might is
right.
But the President has not been con
sistent in pursuing his policy. He has
refused to intervene and, as that term
is ordinarily understood, he has not
intervened. But he has meddled and
has played favorites among the fac
tional leaders. By this means he has
won immunity of Americans from out
rage at the hands of his temporary
favorite but has incited the leaders on
whom he for the time frowned to
greater feats of barbarity. He refused
to recognize Huerta and thereby made
Americans the prey of federal hatred.
Ho occupied "Vera Cruz and thereby
provoked Carranza to play upon Mex
ican passions by denouncing the in
vasion, yet he restrained our troops
from retaliating for attack and refused
to meet Carranza's defiance by taking
the next logical step an advance to
Mexico City. Lest its presence should
anger the Mexicans and obstruct the
operations of Villa, then the object of
his passing favor, he ordered Admiral
Mayo's squadron away from Tampico
and left our fugitive fellow-countrymen
to the protection of British and
German warships. He irritated Car
ranza by holding direct communication
with Villa, who was then Carranza's
subordinate. "When Hurrba fled and
Carranza quarreled with Villa, Mr. "Wil
son again angered Carranza by his
efforts at conciliation through the Pan
American conferees.
The act of partiality which directly
caused Villa to make open war on the
United States was recognition of Car
ranza. Far from having established
claim to the special favor of the
United States, the first chiefs tone in
dealing with this country had been
uniformly insolent and defiant. His
followers had been as lawless in treat
ment of Americans as those of other
chieftains. When the Pan-American
conference was trying to bring about a
meeting of Mexican leaders, Carranza
alone held out and caused the scheme
to fail. By his practices he proved
himself as nruch a murderous bandit
leader as any of his rivals. His only
claim to preference was that he was
the most successful and the most pol
ished of the lot. In fact, "the terms
bandit leader and military leader are
interchangeable in Mexico, for war is
supported by pillage and murder. He
had not made good his claim to pref
erence by possession of the capital nor
by establishing his supremacy in the
whole country so completely that he
could guarantee and be held responsi
ble for the safety of foreigners.
In opposing confirmation of Mr.
Fletcher as Ambassador two months
ago. Senator Fall, of New Mexico, de
nied that Carranza was supreme in
any one of the Mexican states or terri
tories or that he had any Tecognized
authority in the states of Guerrero,
Durango and Oaxaca, and said that he
had "but little or no recognized au
thority in many other states." His
own. men, being bandits and gringo
haters, could not be expected to show
any zeal in running down their fellow
bandits of Villa's following. In fact,
the Villista troops which surrendered
a few months ago were promptly taken
into Carranza's service and Mr. Fall
voiced, a suspicion that they, not the
Villista band, perpetrated the Santa
Tsabel massacre.
While Carranza's hold on the coun
try was still weak and while Villa and
Zapata were still in the field, the Presi
dent recognized the former and there
by brought down on the heads of
Americans, who are most numerous
near Villa's strongholds, the vengeance
of Villa. By .stopping export of arms
to Villa and by permitting Carranza
to transport troops through American
territory, he aided the latter to repel
Villa at Agua Prieta and Nogales. He
thus fanned the hatred of Villa for
Americans and added to Mexican con
tempt by not openly espousing the
cause of the man he favored. The
Columbus raid was Villa's vengeance
for these favors to his enemy and ex
pressed his contempt for a Nation
which would neither fight for its citi
zens nor avoid meddling in quarrels
wherein it refused actively to par
ticipate. Mr. Wilson has persisted in his pol
icy in the face of voluminous evidence
from men who knew the facta as to
Mexico. He resented these men's testi.
mony and distrusted" them because
they had interests in Mexico, although
they, best of all, knew Mexican, condi
tions, sentiment and temperament.
Had he been guided by the facts as
learned from these men, he would
either have recognized Huerta and
held the latter strictly accountable
for wrongs to Americans or would
have forcibly intervened and made
Mexico another Cuba. He did neither,
and the lives of hundreds of Ameri
cans have paid for his blunder.
EBB AND FLOW OF PROHIBITION.
There is an ebb and flow in senti
ment for prohibition of the liquor
traffic. The ebb is now in the Fast,
as shown by Vermont's vote against
state-wide prohibition and in favor of
local option. The flow is in the West,
where Oregon, Washington and Idaho
have put prohibition in operation,
where Manitoba has just voted for it
and where British Columbia is likely
soon to vote.
But Vermont's vote must not be
taken as a declaration in favor of the
saloon, for only twenty-three out of
244 cities and towns now license the
liquor business. It should rather be
taken as an expression of preference
for small rather than large units in
deciding how to deal with that traffic;
as a declaration of opinion that a law
which is opposed to local sentiment
cannot be effectively enforced.
There may be another cause for
the slow advancement of prohibi
tion sentinient in the East while
it is rapidly extending in the West.
This i3 the greaty proportion of foreign-born
people in the East as com
pared with the far West. The foreign
born are wedded to old habits and give
them up reluctantly. There is a far
higher ratio of native-born people on
the Pacific Coast, and they seem toA
believe that total prohibition is the
only possible means of rooting out the
evils associated -with liquor. When
the evil influence of the saloon has
been completely destroyed the West
may be disposed to relax the reins and
increase the measure of individual
freedom. But a period of total pro
hibition seems to bo considered a
necessary preliminary to a fresh start
in dealing with the traffic
BACK-YARD WEAITII AND HEALTH.
Backyard gardens provide a sub
ject which is absorbing more and
more Governmental attention. Not
long ago we were urged by the De
partment of Agriculture to plan these
gardens early, since only by careful
planning might the best results be ob
tained wnen planting time arrives.
Now, with planting time here or close
at hand, the department has some
thing more to say on the subject.
It is urged that the whole family
be assembled in consultation over the
prospective garden and all given a
voice in its arrangement. Not only
that, but all should have a hand in
planting and cultivating the garden.
As the tender shoots begin to appear
the children should be taught to care
for them; also to distinguish the rank
weeds which must be detected and
promptly removed without delay. "The
profit from gardening comes not alone
from the vegetables that are pro
duced," says the departmental bulletin.
"The healthy outdoor recreation and
exercise and the educational value of
a garden in training children manually
and in inculcating in them habits of
order and industry must not be over
looked. What greater boon, indeed, to the
city dweller? Invigorating exercise
for the whole family, practical edu
cation for the children and last, but
not least, substantial addition to the
larder. This boon is within the reach
of nearly everyone in this city of
homes where the majority of families
have ample back yards in which to
stimulate their health and augment
their wealth. -v
HOW IOXO WILL HE LIVE?
Insurance companies content them
selves with the smug assurance that
they are able to look a man up and
down and determine with some de
gree of accuracy Just how long he will
live or ought to live barring acci
dent or sudden disease. If he gives
promise of a normal longevity they
are willing to discount his chances of
premature demise. If not they reject
the risk. The whole scheme of ac
ceptance and rejection is figured out
in carefully prepared tables and tests
by experts.
But are their standards fair, safe,
sane and profitable? The question is
raised by the current Medical Times,
which seems inclined to believe that
one cannot always tell how far a frog
can jump by a mere superficial ob
servation of its physiological peculi
arities. The insurance examiners feel
a, man's pulse, take his blood pressure,
press a stethoscope to his heart, weigh
him, ask a few questions, compare the
results with their inevitable tables
and accept or reject him accordingly.
Occasionally the accepted man dies a
week later and the rejected man lives
o be a hundred or more.
Admittedly these tests must be made
with some standard degree of care
and precision if the companies would
continue in operation. But the point
raised by the Medical Times is that
a man can be judged to better advan
tage if he is examined" in action. What
is his blood pressure after running,
say, a quarter of a mile? What story
does the stethoscope tell then? Or
after he has completed a quarter of
a mile swim or a swift three rounds
with the gloves?
It is a well-known fact that the great
hulk of a man cannot withstand the
same physical hardships as his small,
trim brother. In hard campaigns of
armies the rural regiments are less
sturdy than the regiments of city
youths, so it has been found. The
thin little man who is hopelessly un
der weight may have a sounder sys
tem and a better chance of long life
than his apparently, normal rival, even
though he would be rejected for life
insurance. If so, the fact might reveal
itself in a series of endurance tests.
Such tests might with wisdom be tak
en into account and the results cred
ited against shortage or surplus of
weight- This is to the mutual ad
vantage of all concerned.
WHYf
As shock of the daring slap in the
face which Villa gave the United States
subsides there are several incidents
connected with his raid that grow per.
plexing in the light of calm reflection.
How did it happen that he was able
to pass within a few yards of the Army
camp without detection? Why was
no guard posted by the officer. of the
guard at a deep draw approaching the
town of Columbus from the direction
of the border, and up which the Vil
listas made their way? Why, as re
lated by the Associated Press dis
patches, was the commanding officer
occupying quarters in an uptown ho
tel rather than in camp with his men?
Why, when a group of bandits came
under the muzzles of a machine gun,
did that instrument of destruction fail
to operate?
Of course, the biggest question is
that relating to the possibility of such
a raid at all. But questions multiply
rapidly even when we recognize the
fact that it did occur. Having oc
curred, and the Government having
determined upon a punitive invasion,
why the long delay in assembling a
small expedition a force such as the
most diminutive nation of Europe
might equip and launch in a few
hours? Why were cars not available
for transporting troops? Why were
supplies' not available for immediate
issue? Why were not all the impedi
menta for suoh a force immediately
available ? r
These questions are all the more
perplexing to the lay mind when one
considers that Villa had openly boast
ed of his intended attack. He had dis
played his temper by murdering six
teen helpless Americans in Chihuahua.
We were told a dozen times in the
month or two preceding the Taid that
he had some overt act in mind. All
these circumstances lead to suspicion
that pursuit of Villa is rot the only
consequence which the attack of Co
lumbus merits. A court of inquiry
ought to shed important light on the
unanswered questions of the Villa raid
at Columbus.
- ORGANIZE THE DISTRICT.
The last Legislature perfected with
amendments the irrigation district law
so that it is now pronounced by com
petent authority to be the best of its
kind yet devised. The law was adopt
ed without promise of state aid. Sev
eral districts capable of irrigation are
in process of organization.
Whether they can proceed success
fully to reclaim their lands without
Federal or state assistance has not
yet been demonstrated. But it is rea
sonable to expect that if it shall be
demonstrated that they cannot, the
Government or state will sooner or
later proffer aid.
These circumstances are recited be
cause attention of The Oregonian has
been called to the e.ffort to organize
a district embracing what is known
as the north unit of the Deschutes
project. The settlers in the proposed
district will vote next Monday on the
issue of organization. Embraced in
the district are approximately 10-0,-000
acres of land. The project has
been favorably reported on by both
Government and state engineers, and
surveys have been made in detail and
cost estimates filed. Its lower eleva
tion than much of Eastern Oregon's
reclaimable lands, its fertility of soil,
Its advantages of transportation and
its abundance of water promise suc
cess for the enterprise if it can only
be financed.
It Is now said that proceedings at
the Salem conference cast a wet
blanket on the project. The failure of
the conference to indorse a conserva
tive plan for uniting all parts of the
state in the work of agricultural de
velopment was not, perhaps, the worst
feature. The specious arguments pre
sented by some at the conference
against the essential worth of reclama
tion in Oregon have provided talking
material for those who oppose the
formation of that particular district.
There need be but scant considera
tion given to utterances of con
vention programmers. Irrigation has
brought wealth to the Yakima Valley
in .Washington, to the Imperial Val
ley in California, to the lands under
the Twin Falls works in Idaho, to nu
merous valleys in Utah. Wherein ir
rigation has fallen short of pronounced
success in Oregon and the reasons for
it are understood. Mistakes of the
experimental stage can now be avoided
and arc guarded against by new legis
lation and a broader understanding
of engineering problems to be met.
The district at least should be or
ganized. That alone does not Irrevo
cably pledge the settlers to the en
terprise, for authorization of a bond
issue is dependent upon the result of
a future election. Organization is but
a step, but it is a step which will de
note among the settlers initiative, en
terprise and confidence in their lands
and their own ability to make good if
given opportunity. The state is not
the only source of financial assistance.
In Washington the Irrigation Con
gress itself entertained no hope of
state aid, but decided to exert its in
fluence to obtain passage of the Jones
bill by Congress. State or Federal
aid may not be available immediately,
but when it is extended, as it must be
some time, the district which is or
ganized is almost certain to be the
first considered by the authority
which applies the aid.
Failure to organize when the op
portunity is at hand implies a doubt
of the land owners in the worth of
their mvn project and will put a severe
check upon its consideration by
others.
The cause of the crisis between
President Wilson and Congress was
that the Democratic party does not
think Nationally and that its members
do not go to Congress as members of a
body which shall adequately repre
sent and act for the Nation. They
still worship the old Southern fetish
of state rights, which is not an active
principle but is a mere negation of
Nationalism. They go to Congress to
represent their states, and more par
ticularly their districts and mainly to
grab what they can for the district
in the way of offices and appropria
tions. When a National emergency
arises such as that which confronted
Cleveland, they cannot rise to it, for
it requires them to expand their men
tal horizon beyond their district and
state to embrace the Nation. When
a world crisis exists, such as that with
which Mr. Wilson was dealing, they
are still less able to cope with it, for it
requires them to expand their mental
outlook still further to embrace the
relations of this Nation with other
nations to think internationally and
of this they are incapable. Few of
them have studied world politics, the
relation of nations to each other, and
such things are beyond them, for
their minds have been on postoffices,
public buildings and their share of ap
propriations and on placating this or
that local interest with a view of in
suring their re-election.
' With evident reference to Senator
Gore's retailing before the Senate a
piece of lying gossip as to the Presi
dent's expression of readiness to see
the United States involved in the war,
the Philadelphia North American
quotes Webster's definition of the
word "gore," namely, "to stab," and
enlarges on the meaning by adding
"to stab in the back." But Mr. Gore
did not stab only Mr. Wilson in the
back. By encouraging in Germany an
opinion that the President of the
United States was personally favor
able to hostilities with that country,
he seriously interfered with the suc
cess of the President's efforts to main
tain the rights of the United States.
He stabbed his country in the back.
There have been countries where such
conduct as his would be termed trea
son. There would be small chance of
starving out the United States were
our ocean commerce destroyed by a
naval blockade. We might be forced
to dispense with certain luxuries, but
we should all have enough food pro
duced within our own borders. Were
the Pan-American Railroad in opera
tion to Panama, we could import cof
fee from Central America and need
not even dispense with bananas and
pineapples, thotlgh an enemy in con
trol of the sea might seize the Panama
Canal and cut the land route to South
America. Nor should we go short of
clothes and shoes, for the materials
are produced within our borders.
The bitterest disappointment of
German hopes is the loyalty of Boers
to Great Britain. After having con
quered Southwest Africa for the na
tion which subdued them and then
gave them self-government, they are
now conquering German East Africa,
the last colony remaining to the
Kaiser on the dark continent. They
may then go to Europe and fight side
by side with their former enemies
against Germany. If the Kaiser could
only have foreseen this he would never
have sent that telegram to Kruger.
The State Veterinarian wants a
"hoss doctor" in each county, and as
it is mere matter of creating a new
office It should be done. ' In the years
to come the farmer's life will be one
great iridescent dream in which he
will be doctored, inspected, supervised
and county-agented to his heart's con
tent and all he will have to do is pay
taxes. y
The Oregon road laws resemble a
Kaffir chiefs kraal. As each daugh
ter marries, an addition is built for
the young couple on the parental kraal
until it is a jumble of dwellings. All
the laws should be codified into a con
sistent whole.
It is easily understood why the grand
jury at Atlantic City, N. J., refused
to indict a woman who shot and killed
her husband when he was about, to
beat her with a razor strop. Every
man with a wife knows the reason.
It is related that Secretary of War
Baker regaled visitors with tales of
his love of flowers the day the Mexican
mixup was hottest. Which indicates
that he is peculiarly fitted for service
in the present Cabinet.
The orchardlst who will not spray
and attempts to prevent the Vork by
an official will lose out. The laws
on spraying were made by men who
know what should be done and what
is best for the fruit.
AVhile munition makers are becom
ing millionaires, one ia more content
to remain poor after learning of the
extraordinary precautions they are
forced to take in order to safeguard
their lives.
The Americans slain at Columbus
succumbed to wounds from American
guns and American bullets. Which
could not have been the case had a
sensible embargo been mainained. "
The war must be thanked by rail
road section men for raising their
wages. It has withdrawn thousands
of Italians, Greeks and other for
eigners from the labor market.
The boys in the manual training
classes are making excellent bird
houses; but are they fixing up or
making the household conveniences
their mothers need?
The Army may be slow in moving,
but Just wait until those American
"regs" get started once with the pent
up fury of four years of watchful
waiting.
Vermont is the twentieth state to
adopt the direct primary and has done
so in time to use it in electing dele
gates to the National conventions.
Presence of traffic officers on the
bridges yesterday morning to regulate
travel led humorists to suggest a Mex
ican invasion was expected.
Dr. Cook will press his claim to dis
covery of the North Pole. Might as
well claim that "he 'commanded the
German armies at Verdun.
The ubiquitous candidate is now ac
costing us on the street and wringing
our hand as if we were a long lost
brother.
If England continues putting women
on men's Jobs, many of them will be
too independent to marry after the
war.
Of the three arms of ,the service, the
cavalry is the place for the lazy re
cruit. It will cure him.
If those registration clerks would
give trading stamps or the like, there
would be a rush.
Partly safe to say there is no em
balmed beef in the lot from Chicago
to the border.
"Carranza reports Villa surrounded
in Mexico. He means surrounded by
Mexico.
Secretary Lansing has gone on a va
cation. Now let the Mexicans beware.
Up to a late hour, however, Lisbon
had not been taken by the Kaiser.
Hold up, Carranza! Do not catch
him! Give our troops a chance.
Cheei up. While cherries are not
yet ripe, taxes are due.
How to Keep Well
By Dr. "W. A. Evanus,
.Questions pertinent to nyglene, sanitation
and prevention of disease, if matters of gen
eral interest, will be answered in this col
umn. Where space will not permit or the
subject is not suitable, letter will be per
sonally answered, subject to proper limita
tions and where stamped, addressed en
velope is inclosed. Xr. Evans will not make
diagnosis or prescribe for Individual dis
eases. Requests for such service cannot be
answered.
(Copyright. 1918. by Dr. "W. A. Evans.
Published by arrangement with Chicago
Tribune.)
Shall Cousins Marry;
IX order to get some light on the
question of breeding in the human
subject Dr. C. B. Caldwell, of the Lin
coln state school and colony, studied
the history of 3600 children admitted
to that institutiryi.
Five per cent of them, or 180, were
children of parents who were at least
as close kin as third cousins. - Four
were offspring of father and daughter;
one of brother and sister: three of
uncle and niece. The parents of 78
were first cousins, 24 second cousins
and 56 third cousins. The parents of
126 lived in the country; the parents
of 40 lived in cities of more than 10,000
population.
Since Dr. Caldwell was studying the
family histories of feeble-minded chil
dren he found many instances where
feeble-willed fathers and daughters,
idiotic brothers and sisters and other
close relatives were mated. Such re
lationships, fairly frequent among the
feeble-minded, are seldom found among
other people.
The history of five cases was as fol
lows: (C) Offspring of a moron father and
his daughter, an imbecile. C is an
idiot and physical weakling.
(T) Offspring of a feeble-minded
father and his feeble-minded daughter,
both in good physical health. T is an
idiot and a weakling.
(J) Offspring of a moron father and
a moron daughter. Parents in good
physical health. J is an imbecile.
(L) Offspring of a brother and a sis
ter who were normal physically and
mentally. L is a low grade moron.
(W) Offspring of a normal father
and normal daughter. ' W is an imbecile.-
Another group cited is that of the S.
family. The parents were first cousins.
They were normal mentally, 'except that
they were worriers. They had eight
children, as follows:
C. Kldest; epileptic: idiot. '
B. Second; a ne'er-do-well; nomadic;
alcoholic.
W. A high-grade moron; alcoholic
' E. Normal mentally. . .
M. Fifth child; hypochondriac.
A. Sixth; a moron.
R. Seventh; a moron who has epi
lepsy. E. Moron.
How far Dr. Caldwell searched for
evidence of faults in the stock is not
stated, but all he discovered was one
insane grandparent. Dr. Caldwell con
cludes: "The popular idea that con
sanguineous matings among human
beings is fraught with peril, owing to
inhoritable qualities of undesirable
character, seems to be well founded."
Dr. Caldwell, of course, studied but
one side of the question. He studied
the family histories of the feeble
minded for evidence of relationship be
tween parents. A better study would
be one in which the children of con
sanguineous matings were studied for
evidence of f eeble-mindedness, imbe
cility 'or other mental defects. Such
a study would have shown that the
great majority of children born to
parents who were second and third
cousins were average mentally.
It is quite well established that in
breeding intensifies character. If in
the character there is great fault it
will be intensified. Says Dr. Caldwell:
"It is probable that the bad qualities
so intensified far outweigh any in
tensification of the good qualities.".
On the other hand, if the parents
have good qualities and are reasonably
free from such bad qualities as domi
nate, their progeny will have ' their
good qualities intensified. Some of the
best blood in the land traces to matings
of cousins. The answer to the ques
tion depends on the answer to another
question: "Is1 the stock free from bad
qualities?"
Pleurlftv.
A. M.. writes: "Will you kindly an
swer these questions through your val
uable column:
"1. Does the examination of one's
sputum decide whether or not said per
son has consumption.
"2. Is there any danger of a person
who has fluid pleurisy going into con
sumption? "3. Will an examination of the water
taken out of the back be of any ac
count? "4. Is it natural, after having fluid
pleurisy, to feel pains now and then
and to become tired and short of
breath from the least exertion?
"Any information on pleurisy you
have time and space to give will be
greatly appreciated."
REPLY. -
1. If tubercle bacilli are found you have
tuberculosis. Of that you can be certain.
If they are not found you cannot be cer
tain that you are free from the disease.
For instance, consumption following pleurisy
might be present for some time before
bacilli could be found in the suptum.
2. 3. Yes.
4. Yes. The kind of pIuerlBy you have in
mirtd Is tubercular in 60 cases out of every
hundred. You should reward yourself as
having consumption, and regulate your life
accordingly. If you do this from the be
ginning, you will recover in all probability.
Beat Antiseptic. '
J. B. writes: "As a constant reader
of your valuable column I herewith
request you to inform me of the uses
of and advantages, or disadvantages,
of using corrosive sublimate, as a germ
destroyer for external emergency, as
wounds, cuts or the like, and what is
considered of alcohol for the same
usage, for a germ destroyer? I am an
automobile machinist and 'Often meet
with accident while handling, dirty and
rusty iron, and wish to have something
at hand for such emergencies."
REPLY.
Corrosive sublimate is a powerful disin
fectant, but it is not used for the purpose
indicated. The best antiseptic for your pur
pose is tincture of iodine.
Patent Office Procedure.
GRANTS PASS, Or.. March 13.
(To the Editor.) CI). What does it cost
to take out a patent on an article
valued at probably $2.50?
(2) . Does it cost the same on a
small article as on an expensive one?
(3) . Is it necessary to send a small
working model to the United States
Patent Office, or can I have an archi
tect draw plans from which the patent
can be taken?
(4) . If I have an architect draw
plans or ironworker make model what
protection have I that they will not
beat me to the patent oftice and take
out the patent themselves?
DAILY READER.
(1) .. Fees are as follows: $15 on fil
ing original application; $20 on issuing
each original patent.
(2) . Yes.
3). When nature of invention ad
mits of drawing, applicant must fur
nish one. The patent office may or
may not require a working model.
(4). The patent office advises that
services of a competent registered
patent attorney be secured. He will
advise you further.
Yea.
HILSBORO, Or., March 13. (To the
Editor.) If a farmer has taken out his
first papers, but did not take the sec
ond papers, and had' a son born here,
after he had taken his first papers,
would the eon be a citizen? C. N,
CANARIES WHICH SINO TUNES
Portland Woman Recalls Birds That
Could Carry Sons; Melodies.
PORTLAND. March 14. (To the Edi
tor.) Seeing the announcement of the
coming of "Canary Caruso" to Port
land, may I, an old pioneer of Oregon,
tell you of some singers I have known?
My father. Rev. -William H. Howard,
of the M. E. Church South, well known
all over Oregon, now passed on, wrote
me many years ago of a canary bird
he had at that time, and that he was
singing tunes. He had been allowed
to fly at will about my father's study
while he was writing. He would often
be humming or whistling tunes - and
soon he noticed that the bird caught
them perfectly. He was astonished and
turned his attention to teaching him.
He sang parts of many tunes and all of
"Jesus Loves Me," but one day, the
screen being left from the fire, he flew
into it and was burned so that ho died.
But a friend filled his place, giving my
father another singer, and he soon had
him singing as well as the other had
sung. Soon after my father came to
preach in Pendleton, my home town,
bringing with him the bird and I had
the pleasure of seeing and hearing him.
I shall never forget the first time
I heard him sing. My father called
him "Jimmy" and he knew so well
when his name was called that when
my father would say "Jimmy, let us
sing," he would cock his head on one
side and get ready, waiting for father
to begin. The first tune whistled was
"Jesus Loves Me." As the bird took it
np my father would stop and Jimmy
would go on singing all of that Sabbath
school song so sweetly that, remember
ing that the Bible says: "Not a spar
row falleth but God knoweth it," I
could not keep my eyes from filling
with happy tears. Then he went on
with "Jammie's on the Stormy Sea"
and snatches of other songs. Often
when" guests were seated about the
room I have seen my father take
Jimmy from the cage, and laying him
in the palm of his hand, would say:
"Poor Jimmy is dead," and he would
straighten out his little feet as if he
were dead, while my father would go
about the room showing him to each
one and saying "Poor Jimmy. He was
so -good and sang so well, but now
he is dead." Then suddenly he would
jump and fly to his perch and begin
singing happily.
He surelv crave m v father and
mother great pleasure, but one day, as
usual, the cage had been hung out
on the porch and when my father went
out to bring him in, tne cage door was
open and our bird was gone. That
day there was a small animal show
In town and we always thought that
some of the company, in passing, heard
him singing, and knowing that he
would be a great addition to their en
tertainment, had taken him.
During and after that time I had sev
eral birds which I taugh t" sing parts
of tunes, but had too little time to
perfect them.
MRS. N. E. DESPAIX.
NEWPORT APPRECIATES " IM'OKX
Representatives From Other Dlatrlcta
Urge Harbor Improvement.
NEWPORT, March 12. (To the Edi
tor.) For more than 20 years seem
ingly dark and lowering clouds have
shut out the ocular visions of the Ore
gon delegation in Congress so that
they did not see any of the 50 miles
of white coast line that marks ' the
western boundary of Lincoln County.
The roar of the angry breakers that
roll over the worn and neglected jetties
and let in the drifting sands that form
golden sand bars, that shut out the
commerce that in the years gone by
floated over Yaquina Bay harbor, have
not until recently attracted the atten
tion of our delegation.
But a new day has dawned, the
clouds have rolled by and the sun
shines brightly all the day long and
the moon glints the waters of the
old Yaquina as of yore. Soon again
the throbbing pulses of the big marine
engines-" will stir the waters to a
foamy spray as they propel the lumber-laden
vessels out past the whis
tling buoy.
It is gratifying indeed to know that
our present -delegation in Congress can
see across Oregon from the source of
the Columbia River to its mouth and
south along our coast for 300 miles,
looking into every river and bay
worthy of improvement.
At a recent hearing before the board
of engineers for rivers and, harbors,
when the question as to whether a sur
vey should be made by the Government
looking to the further improvement
of Yaquina harbor and after the proj
ect had been turned down, Oregon's
solid delegataion. Senators Chamberlain
and Lane, Congressmen Hawley, Sin
nott and McArthur, appeared before
the board and presented strong argu
ment showing that Yaquina Bay was
one of the most important harbors
on the Oregon coast and was worthy
of further improvement-and that pres
ent and prospective commerce would
justify the further expenditure for this
project. Congressmen Nick Sinnott
and Pat McAtthur, though not in this
district, are big enough and broad
minded enough to work for all Ore
gon.
On behalf of the people of Lincoln
Cfounty I wish to thank the Oregon
delegation for their splendid support
of Yaquina Bay harbor.
B. F. JONES.
Chairman Newport Port and
Citizens' Harbor Committee.
Appreciation of Mr. Bigelow.
SEATTLE. Wash., March 12. (To the
Editor.) Once again has the death
knell sounded. Lucius Bigelow has
gone to render his final reckoning be
fore him who died on Calvary that we
might enjoy the blessed life promised
to those who shun the way of the trans
gressor. For a hdlf centjary and more, Lucius
Bigelow was in journalism. His edi
torial career began ond ended in New
England. However, being a conteyjpo
rary of Horace Greeley, he took his ad
vice and "came West." A quarter of
a century ago he was one of The Ore-
gonian's famous staff of editorial
writers. Scott, Carle and Bigelow con
stituted a trio of brainy men who made
Oregon's famous paper known and re
spected throughout the land for its edi
torial utterances.
It was my good fortune to have been
associated .with Mr. Bigelow while he
was with The Oregonian. He was
a kindly, courteous gentleman. His
writings were done in his room, he
coming to the old off ice atj Front and
Stark streets only to turn jn his copy
and revise its proofs. Though both
prolific and voluminous in his writings.
Lucius Bigelow was a journalist of the
old school.
May an all-merciful God have been
lenient in his judging. M. J. ROCHE.
"Whisky Must Be Labeled.
PORTLAND, March 14. (To the Ed
itor.) Kindly inform me through your
paper if a party receiving a bottle of
whisky at the express office coming
from San Francisco, said bottle bearing
the name of' the manufacturer and the
word "Whisky" across the label, can- be
carried through the streets of this city
unwrapped 'with this labef exposed, so
it can be read by " anyone passing.
Mr. A. says it is his personal property
and the law cannot compel him to wrap
the bottle. Mr. B says it is a form of
advertising , whisky, therefore it is
against the law. SUBSCRIBER.
It is not advertising. The package
in which the whisky is packed must
carry a true label of the contents. We
would advise that it be left in the ship
ping package, however, as the man
who carries an exposed bottle of
whisky is likely to be looked upon
with suspicion by the police.
In Other Days
Half a Century Aico.
From The Oregonian of March 15, 1S06.
The friends of Judge J. F. McCoy
have placed his name before the pub
lic as a candidate for the office of
County Judge, subject to the action
of the county convention on the 24th
of next month in this city.
The 17th of March. Saturday next.
will be appropriately celebrated in
this city by our Irish fellow citizens.
All Irishmen of the state and of
Washington Territory are invited to
participate with those of this city in
the celebration. The oration will be
delivered by E. A. Cronin.
The steamer Fanny Troup, with the
band of the Fourteenth infantry, left
the Lincoln House wharf at 4 P. M.
yesterday with a large number of ex
cursionists to attend the festival at
the Vancouver lodge of Good Temp
lars, given last evening at the Me
tropolis Hall.
About 120 passengers arrived at The
Dalles by Monday's boat en route to
the mines, 30 or 40 being on their way
to Canyon City. A train of 30 horses
arrived there by the same boat.
At the regular meeting of the Com
mon Council, last evening a petition
was received, signed by numerous citi
zens of the Third Ward, asking that
a lamp post be placed at the south
east corner of the public plaza. It
was referred to the committee on
streets and public property.
Chicago, March 14. A house worth
$75,000 on Harrison avenue, St. Louis,
the property of David Nicholson, has
been presented to General Sherman
and the balance of the $25,000. placed
to his credit in bank by the commit
tee of subscribers to the fund raised
last August.
Twenty-five Ycara Abo.
From The Oregonian of, March lo, 3801.
The graduates of the law department
of the University of Oregon at a meet
ing held in the office of W. T. Muir last
night effected an organization of an
alumni association by the election of
the following officers: President, W.
T. Muir; vice-president, Henry F. Mc
Clure; secretary and treasurer, L. A.
McNary.
Every owner of property in the vi
cinity of Woodstock is happy over the
settlement of the transportation dif
ficulties which were finally consum
mated yesterday. The Willamette
Bridge & Railway Company has en
tered into an agreement to operate the
road for 25 years, running cars every
half hour, between Portland and Wood
stock. The cornerstone of the Armory An
nex was laid with fitting ceremonies
yesterday afternoon, and the historian
of the future will not? only record this
as an important event in the history of
the First Regiment, but as an innova
tion in architectural achievement as
well.
Acting Land Agent George H. An
drews, of the Oregon & California
Railroad Company, has Just completed
his annual statement of lands of the
company sold and appraised. During
1890 the company has sold 27,500 acres
of land for $140,000.
A number of women taxpayers are
taking credit to themselves for the
election of Messrs. Roby and Williams
to the School Board.
Pittsburg, March 14. It has come to
light Irving A. Evans, the Boston
broker familiarly known as "Nervy," is
responsible for the mysterious ad
vance of Westinghouse stock from 7 to
18.
Barber in Portland.
PORTLAND, March 14. (To the Edi
tor.) (1) How many union barbers
were there in Portland in 1912?
(2) How many union barbers are
there in Fostland now (1916)?
(3) Is there any law regarding the
percentage of alcohol used in hair
tonics? ST. JOHNS.
(1) According to the figures given
out by the Barbers' Union, there were
in 1912 520 union barbers affiliated
with the Portland local. The figures,
however, are said to have fluctuated,
and in that membership were included
barbers at work in shops at Vancouver,
Oregon City and smaller neighboring
places. The Barbers Union .gives be
tween 250 and 300 as the actual number
employed in Portland shops during
that year.
(2) At the present time there are but
400 union barbers affiliated witn Port
land, union, with the same per cent de
duction as in 1912, due to the fact many
are employed in places outside the cor
porate limits of the city.
(3) No. .
' Messing of Lone Word.
PORTLAND. March 14. (To the
Editor.) Please analyze and give defi
nition and origin of word, antidises
tablishmentarianism. E. G. W.
Disestablishment, specifically, is
withdrawal of state support from
a church. Adding the suffixes
makes the word mean doctrine
of disestablishment. The prefix "antl"
means against or opposed to.
The completed word therefore signifies
doctrine of opposition to withdrawal of
state support from a church.
The word is of course founded on
"establish" to make stable. For a
discussion of the application of the word
"establishment" to connection between
church and state read under "establish
ment" in Britannica at the Public Li
brary. Chamberlain Land Grant BilU
SUTHERLIN, Or., March 13. (To the
Editor.) (1). When will the Cham
berlain bill in regard to Oregon and
California lands come up for final
passage?
(2). To whom must I write to se
cure a full text of the bill?
W. A. P.
(1) . It is impossible to say.
(2) . Write to Senator Chamberlain,
Washington, D. C.
Winters Compared. x
PORTLAND, March 14.--(To the Edi
tor.) Please tell me which was the y
coldest, this Winter or last Winter.
CONSTANT READER,
The Winter of 1015-1916 was the
colder. A minimum temperature of 13
degrees was recorded on January 12,
1916. On January 25, 1915, the mini
mum for the Winter, 26 degrees, was
reacaed.
When Advertising
Fails
Sometimes advertising fails be
cause the product or package is
wrong or, because the story does not
appeal.
Manufacturers find the newspaper
the proper medium by which they
can test the efficiency of their
plans. i
A limited campaign can be used
in one place at small expense. The
result will check against an unwise
expenditure of a large sum of
money.
J