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About Morning Oregonian. (Portland, Or.) 1861-1937 | View Entire Issue (Feb. 28, 1916)
THE MORXIXG OKEGONIAW. MONDAY, FEBRUARY 23, 1916. 8 FORTLXM), OKliO.. Entered at Portland (Oregon) Postofflce as Subscription F.ater Invariably In advance .By -Wall.X "a!lv. Pun-lay included, one year 2?V lally. Sunday Included, six months.... .- Aiy. Sunday included, three months... Dan Pa Dally, without Sunday, one, year Dull", without Sunday, alx months . ; Daily. without Biiiday. throe months... Dslly. without Sunday, one month VJj "Weekly, one year.... - -2? unday, one vear.... o?A Sunday and Weekly, one year (By Carrier.) Pally. Funday Included, one year. Daily. Sunday lniluded. one month How to Kemlt Send postofflce money or der, expreaa order e r personal check on your local bank Stamps, coin or currency are at Bender's risk. Give postofflce addresses in full. Including county end state. Pontage Rates 12 to 1 panes. 1 cent: 18 to paes. i cel.ts: S4 to 4S panes. S cents 80 to 60 pases, i cents: ft! to P83 cent: 7S to St pages, 6 cents. Foreign post age, double rates. , Last- Batdnem Office Verree & Conk lin, Brunswick buildlmr. New York; Verree Conklin. Steiter bu'ldlnr. Chicago San Francisco representative. K. J. Bidweil, ti. Market street. PORTLAND, MONDAY FEBRUARY 58, 1918 BRYAN TO OPPOSE WILSON. The probability is that W. J. Bryan -ilI oppose the renomination of President Wilson at the Democratic convention next June, but events may change his purpose. Should Mr. Wil son be renominated in spite of his op position, Mr. Bryan will give him sup port for election the same kind of support which the Nebraskan gave Judge Parker in 1904. This is the substance of his plans as revealed in interviews and correspondence with David Lawrence, who writes on the subject for the New York Evening Post. The forecast of Sir. Bryan s action Js interspersed with many "ifs" and "buts." "As things look today," says Mr. Lawrence, "he is ready to con cede the renomination of Mr. Wilson, but should there be a widespread re volt against the Wilson policies," he will seek to assume the leadership of the anti-Wilson forces. There is an Infant insurgency movement in Con press, consisting of anti-preparedness Congressmen, which is likely to form the nucleus of the Bryan forces. Mr. Bryan is wedded to the single-term principle and the apparent certainty of Mr. Wilson's renomination will not alter his convictions on that subject, but he has other causes to fight the President than, to use Mr. Lawrence's words, "a doubtfully phrased, much talked about but little understood con troversy about the binding character of the one-term plank in the Baltimore platform." Probably Mr. Bryan thinks that, having helped the President to make an utter wreck of the Baltimore platform, he is in no position to make an issue with Mr. Wilson on one of the few remaining planks. The fight will be made on the Wil son policies "on the theory that they are not true to the traditions or Democracy or the destiny of the party." Mr. Bryan is quoted as say ine: Preparedness is really a Republican Issue. It proceeds from the "Interests." Democracy must stand united against it, and not try to curry favor with those elements who favor it. It is a part ot the Republican schemo to r;turn to the protective tarin. Can Democrats who fought for a generation for tariff reform be led into the fold of the tariff barons by the scare manufactured by those whi. profit by preparedness? Mr. Bryan also believes the Presi dent has needlessly alienated the German-Americans when the percent age of unpatriotic citizens among them was negligibly small. But Mr. Bryan's final decision whether to oppose Mr. Wilson in the convention hinge largely on what the republicans do. He believes they will nominate Justice Hughes, but his mouthpiece says that should they "fail to play their strongest card and rely on some of the mediocre candidates, he may feel more encouraged to sug gest" some other than Mr. Wilson. The sum and substance of it all is that Mr. Bryan will endeavor to force his policy of peace-at-any-price and ' defenselessness on the Democratic party as he forced free silver upon it in 1S96 and anti-imperialism in 1900. Should he succeed, as seems improb able, he will capture the nomination for himself or a man of his choice. Should he fail, as seems probable, he will preserve his party regularity by nominally supporting the candidate while condemning the platform, as he did in 1904. By condemning prepared ness, both military and economic, as a Republican policy, he will make votes for the Republican ticket. He will thus injure the party which he professes to aid and aid the party which he ostensibly opposes. Mr. Bryan in the Commoner ex plains his opposition to the President's preparedness policy as inspired by friendship. He says that there were no personal differences between them when he resigned and that none have arisen since. He continues: "The President is doing his duty as he sees it. I am doing my duty as I see it." He quotes from tie President's defini tion of friendship these words: You must act in your friend's Interest whether it please him or not. The object of love is to serve, not to win He therefore claims to act the part of friend by warning the President against an unwise course, which he pronounces "an abandonment of the historic policy of his party and the traditions of the country." He says the President is "joy-riding with the jingoes and is applauded by grand standers whose voices are unfamiliar to Democratic ears." He quotes the President as advocating preparedness because he (Mr. Wilson) has become "convinced that the people want pre paredness." He denies that the Presi dent has heard from "disinterested citizens," and he calls upon "the real friends" of the President to write to Mr. Wilson "now and write often," warning him against his errors. Thus wo know from Mr. Bryan, leader of the Democratic party from 189S to 1912, that preparedness is not a Democratic, but a Republican, pol Scy. We know from him and from Mr. Wilson's own acts that Mr. Wil son shared that opinion until about six months ago. In order to strengthen himself in thoso states where he was weaker in 1912 than Mr. Bryan had been in former elections and where the demand for preparedness has been least emphatic, Mr. Wilson made his recent speechmaking tour. The De mocracy is thus divided between an open opponent of and a recent convert to the policy of preparing the Nation for defense against those dangers which, the President tells us, threaten it. The battle of 1916 will be fought be tween this party, part opposed and part lukewarm to the performance of the most imperative duty of the Nation, and the Republican party, which, ac cording to Mr. Bryan himself, is ready to perform that duty. The crew of the destroyer Whipple is guilty of grave disrespect In paint ing an obnoxious sign on the vessel, but if the members hang together they cannot be punished for calling atten tion to a condition that saeuld lead to investigation of the "higher-ups." Enlisted men are mere atoms in the eyes of the men wearing shoulder straps, but the American people have a way of their own of looking at affairs. RAILROADS FATTENING CP. Railroad earnings, which are one of the best barometers of business, con tinue to increase month by month. The totals, both gross and net, for Novem ber, December and January were the largest ever made in those months. December added $62,438,948 to the gross and $44,692,200 to the net earn ings, these figures surpassing the com bined decreases for the month in 1914 and 1913 combined. For the Middle West net earnings increased 173 per cent, for New England 46, and for the Southwest 47 per cent. The prospect is that this improve ment in railroad prosperity will con tinue. Munitions manufacturers agree in saying that the larger part of their shipments is still to be made. Europe will need nearly as much grain this season as it took last .season,' and ex ports so far are 60,000,000 bushels less. Coal shipments to manufactur ing centers are heavy and growing heavier, and the ratio of merchandise to other traffic is larger each week. Lumber has only begun to move in large volume from the West and will swell the total of traffic. ' The railroads need all the addition to their funds which is coming, for they must put their disordered finances Into shape by refunding short-term notes into bonds. Th car famine requires them to buy large quantities of equipment, and the con gestion of traffic demands great im provement In track terminals. It is estimated that expenditure of $1,000, 000,000 a year for several years will be necessary to bring them and keep them up to the requirements of the country's business. Any action from any quarter which may diminish the funds or the credit available for these purposes will do injury to business which will be felt by each one. KREE-TRADERS GIVE IT. Many logically perfect theories are being knocked on the head or tem porarily laid on the shelf in deference to the ruthless facts of the war. We hear little of arbitration and concilia tion except as a hope to be realized when peace returns. The Interparlia mentary Union is hibernating until storm is past. The most radical Social ist measures are adopted without pro test from the most determined indi vidualist. Finally the British free trader is ready to stow his loved cult in the remotest pigeonhole of his brain and to consent to protective duties in the cause of the empire. That staunch adherent of the Cob den theory, the London Spectator, hauls down the free-trade flag and hoists the flag of an imperial prefer ential tariff. It tells tariff reformers that "as convinced free-traders we can assure them that they need feel no dread" that "free-traders would, if they could have their way, throw away the fruits of victory by insisting on a pedantic adherence to the principles of economic science." It adheres to the opinion that free trade is the best way to get rich quick, but says "all free-traders whose opinions are worth having have always admitted that there may be a good deal to be said for the "state of siege argument." It admits the necessity of restricting trade "in order that certain trades essential to the prosecution of war or to the national safety may be prose cuted at home"; also that it may be necessary, in order to raise huge amounts of money, to raise them by a tariff, and that then "the case for the colonial preferentialist is con ceded." That concedes the whole case. It is an admission that free trade is adapted only to an ideal world, which we are far from realizing. The theory can only be successfully worked out when generally adopted, not by one or two nations. No other nation than Great Britain could have averted in dustrial decline under free trade.. Even that country has been losing trade to Germany with its scientific tariff and its high efficiency. So long as a na tion is liable to be economically iso lated or even to be cut off from some sources of supply by war, it must as a matter of self-preservation maintain its economic independence by foster ing the essential industries. That is the basic argument for protection, which can only lose its force when Tennyson's federation of nations comes into being. GONE WITH THE BUFFALO. Did you ever see a potato seed? The middle-aged farmer will probably an swer "bushels of them," but the young farmer, unless he has studied the sub ject, is likely to say that it had never occurred to him that there was such a thing. The potato seed grows within a large, round, smooth ball, which looks something like a green tomato. They were so plentiful in other days that farmer boys used to throw them from the ends of pointed sticks in mimic warfare. Now the potato seed ball has followed the buffalo and the passen ger pigeon. It has only an occasional Insignificant successor in a vestigial pellet about the size of a pea. Edward F. Blgelow, writing in "The Guide to Nature," a Connecticut peri odical, reports that he has succeeded, after thirteen years' effort extending to all parts of the country, in collect ing a thimbleful of seeds. Luther Bur bank tells him that the reason for the scarcity "is that the potato has leen grown from cuttings so long that it ha3 given up Its habit of going to seed." The principal significance of this scarcity, if it exists throughout the world, is that we shall have to be con tent with present varieties. The potato cutting reproduces only Its own kind. The seeds may produce almost any thing in shape of a potato, from which selection may be made and a new type developed. It would be an alarming condition, however, if the great ma jority of potato growers exercised no more care In the selection of potatoes for planting than some growers do. There are farmers who think scrubs good enough for planting. A little above them are farmers who take the run of the potato bin for the next year's planting. There is still another class that selects for planting large potatoes without care as to whether they originated in the best r.iiis. ah these practices cause potatoes to "run out." If everybody persisted in them. potatoes would ultimately be about the size or marbles. A potato, in Its reproductive quali ties, typifies the plant that produced it. If the plant has been prolific in vleld of large, sound potatoes, replant ing of Its tubers will bring forth a similarly prolific plant, xnererore po tatoes used for cuttings should be those from the best hills. We know of one farmer in the neighborhood who has so selected his seed potatoes from year to year until he has pro duced in a small area the proportion ate equivalent of 800 bushels of pota toes to the acre. Of course, scientific cultivation was practiced in other par ticulars, and the experiment covered only a small plot, but it indicated what may be done. - But the farmer who can supply real potato seeds has a still better fortune in store. It is said that experimenters will pay almost any price for them. TWO YIEWS OF RIGHT. Under the "picture bride" system Japanese who are now in this country may send home for a wife, the girl being permitted to enter upon present ing evidence, photographic and docu mentary, that she will become the wife of some Japanese in America. Inasmuch as the laws in many states prohibit the intermarriage of white women or negroes with Mongols, the Japanese residents of this country are able to escape their lonely single state by sending home for brides. Govern ment officials have discovered that the "picture bride" system is being abused; that thousands of girls are admitted for the purpose of becoming wives who fail to meet the contract. in immoral pur suits. Hence the necessity of legisla tion. . The United States already contends that Japanese laborers and producers of the lower class must be excluded from our shores. Why? Are they not erficient and effective workmen? In deed yes. That is the difficulty. They are too efficient. Owing to their dif ferent standards of civilization they are able to work longer hours for less pay and at the same time subsist on a smaller diet American laborers and producers cannot compete with them successfully. Inasmuch as they fail to respond to the processes of assimila tion and since they remain loyal to the land of their birth, sending every penny of surplus back to Japan, they threaten our economic adjustment. Since we cannot compete with them without lowering our standards of liv ing, then it remains for us to exclude them. Tanon npr has taken kindly to our attitude. A proud people, the Jap anese bitterly resent tno apparent ui crimination against them and the im plied charge that the Japanese are an. inferior people. They deny being Mongols. And while they have never forced the issue as to the rights of their citizens to emigrate in unre stricted numbers to America, they have opposed, even to the fighting point, any further encroachments upon what they deem their rights in the world. They have aereatea me ef forts of certain states to launch dis criminatory legislation against Jap anese citizens now In America. A protest may follow legislation directed against "Dicture brides" should such legislation give promise of passage. From their point or view tney are right. From our point of view we are right. Where they seek greener fields for a surplus population we seek to uphold our own high standards of liv (nu Tha iKsim 1a one which mav drag indefinitely, each Bide giving and tak ing. New outlets for surplus popula tion nnrl npreips in Manchuria and China render the dispute less acute at this time. Perhaps the question may never come to a aecision in ine final court of last resort between na tions the court of might. But the whole situation is one which empha sizes the fact that right as between nunno In n. mflftpr nf ireoeratthv and of necessity in the conditions prevail ing tnrougnout tne worm ot iuuay. MARRIAGE AND DIVORCE. If it were much more difficult to procure a wedding license and far less difficult to secure a divorce decree, domestic felicity would be more preva lent in the human family. This con clusion is reached by Dr. Joseph F. Johnson, professor of political econ omy and sociology at New York Uni versity, who has joined the somewhat numerous band of critics of our present-day marriage system. In a lengthy discussion of the subject Dr. Johnson goes somewhat beyond the ordinary critic in condemning marriage laws and practices as they exist today and would revise them by bringing them up to the requirements of modern conditions. To him the modern contract is an inheritance from the past which we force upon society and which is poorly suited to our needs. AVom'an is no longer a chattel nor is she recognized as such by the church. Marriage has ceased to be a sacrament and has come to be a social contract, and yet our marriage and divorce laws are so tan gled with religious rites that men and women believe them to be God ordained and perfect which they are not. Once a couple have been joined in the "holy bonds of wedlock" the whole tendency is to discourage them from separation, no matter how much they may find themselves unsuited to each other. Tet their own interests and the interests of the community de mand that they should not live together if they are not happjr to gether. Thus the learned doctor ruminates, and the suspicion that he is a very young and very radical man disap pears when we consider that he is the father of three grown children and a man who has refused offers of $50,000 a year to desert his chosen profession for service in corporations which are willing to pay for his knowledge of finance, commerce . and accounts. Hence he may be credited with full sincerity in his observations even if the force or wisdom of his strictures may not impress all alike. The principal argument against that which Dr. Johnson proposes is that the best interests of the race He in easy marriage and difficult divorce. If marriage is rendered difficult and divorce made easy, what Is the effect on progeny? Children are! denied the privilege of being born, or, once they are born, are denied the protection of both parents. Divorce is certain to have some ill effects upon the young generations. But the doctor antici pates this reply and suggests that the moral natures and characters of little children suffer less from divorce of parents than from contact with con tinual bickerings and disputes. Bit ter remarks and the fearful discords of the unhappy home are seen by Dr. Johnson as the real menace to the nature of the growing child. As for bringing children into the world, he contends that it Is better that they should remain unborn than be intro duced into a home where dissension holds sway. It Is just as immoral to have more children than one can sup port properly as it Is to steal or pass worthless checks, in bis opinion. The first thing we should do, be contends, is to discourage people from getting married while under the influ ence of what is commonly known as love. In this connection the little god of love comes in for a severe verbal drubbing: "Instead of love we should call It madness. When, a young man falls in love the madness comes upon him, and he has a wonderful sensa tion that makes him blind to the most obvious defects in the woman of his choice. His reason melts away in the fierce heat of his emotions, and he is just a3 irresponsible. Just as incapable of making a valid contract as if he were plain drunk. This is just as true of women as of men." It is not diffi cult to discern the doctor's mature years in that statement. But even those who agree with him must admit that the task of correcting the appar ent error is Just as hopeless as that of checking the tide or altering the course of the earth. Dr. Johnson sug gests a love, a true love, for guid ance which should consist of "deep seated affection ripened into love." Which might prove an entirely prac ticable formula of human conduct were men and women to wait until they were the age of Dr. Johnson be fore considering matrimony. The fault in this case is of nature's own doing, and, like war, its eradication must await very largely upon the miiienium. nf. course all realize that marriage onri ilivnrrB laws and customs are not ideal. Marriage was established as the best adjustment of a dinicuu problem, and it has been adherea to fnp want of a. better plan. Its short comings are as numerous as the short comings of human nature. It is in the, fur of centuries of experience that society hesitates to tamper with these laws, particularly along the lines of rendering divorce more reaaity ou- talnable. The sacredness thrown about the marriage ceremony-and the stigma which commonly attaches itself to divorce proceedings have been rec niminrl oh barriers aerainst more numerous domestic tragedies and marital shipwrecks. If men ana women were taught that they should Book divorce the moment they were unhappy together, the result might prove appalling. Nearly every coupie enmn to some such conclusion one time or another during the course of a lifetime together. Moral inhibitions alone prevent the breaK. let tney smooth over their differences very fre quently and live happily together ever after. Or else they dismiss tne ro mance from their lives and adjust ttiemsplvps tn a comfortable and har monious life which provides whole some surroundings for tneir cniiaren, which, after all, are the principal con sideration. rvha Amai.fr.an rtAftrtl havft made themselves responsible for good gov ernment In the Philippines to the Fill .plnos themselves; to the few Span iards who remain there and who are objects of popular hatred, and to other nations whose citizens have gone there relying upon our protection. The great mass of the Filipinos need pro tection as mucn against ine iew euu- 7K nnliticians. who HOW practically control the Government and who after lnaepenaence woutu f,,iiir rnntrni it as thev formerly need ed protection against the Spaniards. When supreme tne mestizos yiuveu no less cruel, tyrannical and corrupt than the Spaniards. Not until the oToot Vinr!v nf the Filipino people are educated and are trained in self-gov- . i . -i ..1- . ernment will tney De uoie to unc iv.,m,.ili-na frnm thn mestizos. To abandon the Islands before that time oimniv be to hand the Filipinos tn a new spt of oDDressors. prob ably worse than those from whom we delivered them. And this win De aone In the name of liberty! Carrie Chapman Catt, head of a -Nratinnal association, declares "there are some women who will not associ ate with their washerwomen to obtain this great reform," she hits the nail on the head; hut she must not De discouraged. All the silk stockings are not worn by women in politics. Tvfnmr nf Portland yesterday appre ciated the excellent roads that radiate from the city. Drivers who yield to temptation to exceed tne speea iimn nn some of the mile-long tangents are to be expected. Exhilaration blinds law when a motorcycle omcer is not around. It is evident Russia sees peace far nfr indoBfl. The order for special locomotives to travel in trenches in dicates this view. Russia intends to hniri its ha.tt.lo line asalnst tne eastern German army at the expense of works that have permanent character. Pncoir.iv Dr. Broueher sees that Chicago's wickedness is much of a sham and unworthy of his effort Anyway, he will not move there. Down in California he has original sin and all additions and amendments to buck. re Sonretarv Lansiner begins discuss ing with Germany what constitutes defensive armament, the submarine Issue will not be settled until the war is over. Meanwhile will Germany ap ply its definition? vvf iimA thn Run Francisco Rotary Club buries General Gloom at sea, it should take him out to deep water ana tie a large rock. to him before drop ping him overboard. Ho practices reincarnation. v Ar, nnt find TTnn Milt Miller dic- totinc annnintmpnts to the Senators, . t t " which may account for the serenity that accompanies urbanity arouna tne other Federal building. what'ia th matter with the office- seekers? Have they suddenly become modest or do they lack the ree tor filing a declaration of candidacy? A day like yesterday gives a man an itnhins- desire to learn how much of a mortgage the house and lot will stand toward buying a car. If our naval strategists have their way, the United States will soon make the huge German 42-centimeter gun look, like a toy. The Turks are the most nimble travelers in the snow that the iworld has known, when the Russians are after them. The near-beer habit is spreading, and promises to give soda water a run when the mercury gets up to stay. The output of Tillamook cheese la B-rnwlnsr. This is one of the Oregon specialties, and Is "good stuff." Gamblers on the stock exchange and in the wheat pit are the most unreli able of war prophets. Kuropatkin having taken command, the Russians will now change front and advance. Standard Oil is confident and shows it by building thirteen million-dollar tankers. What so rare as a day in Febru ary! In Western Oregon, that is. How to Keep Weil By Dr. W. A. Evans. Questions pertinent to hygiene, sanitation and prevention of disease, if matters of cen eral interest, will be answered in this col umn. Where space will not permit or tne subject is not suitable, letters wi.l be per sonally answered, subject to proper limita tions and where stamped, addressed en velope is inclosed. Dr. Evans will not maKe diagnosis or prescribe for individual dis eases. Bequests for such service cannot be answered. (Copyright, 1016. by Dr. W. A. Evans Published ty arrangement with Chicago Tribune.) Heart Disease. A. S. B. writes: "I am a daily reader of your health Information and have noticed that one disease you are pay ing very little attention to and, in my opinion, it claims, more deaths than all the others together and that is heart disease. Right here in this small town, out of 10 deaths lately five were due to heart failure: What is heart dis ease? How can a person prevent it? How can he cure it REPL.Y. In case of sudden death where the doctor Is called upon to write some cause on the death certificate and does not know what to write ho frequently writes in heart fail ure. Heart failure means nothing. As a diag nosis of cause of death It is on a par with "want of breath." Do not understand from this that heart disease is unimportant. The heart is a hollow muscle, the myo cardium. Its cavities are lined by a smooth membrane called the endocardium. That the blood mav flow in the right direction and not In the wrong direction the endo cardium is thrown Into certain folds called the heart valves. The heart is covered by a smooth membrane called the pericardium. TV,- V,Aaf ta rtrivn hv two S6tS Of nerVOS, one of which slows the beats and the other quickens them. The term heart disease Includes disease ot the outside coverinc perlcarditis of the Inside lining endocarditis; a wearing out of the muscle, myocarditis; and a disturbance of the nerves, nervous heart angina pec toris. . Of these diseases the most frequent and the most important Is endocarditis. The principal reason that endocarditis Is so Im portant Is because It wrecks the valves. A heart with leaky valves works badly Just as a pump will not lift much water if the valves are worn. The mos important cause of heart disease Is rheumatism. The most Important cause of rheumatism is bad tonsils. Next comes bad teeth. Growing pains is a form of rheu matism. , Th novf most important cause of heart disease Is the group of contagious diseases diphtheria, scarlet fever, measles, whoop ing couarh, smallpox and the balance. Put pneumonia in the list. Can a person prevent heart disease? Yes, but a lifetime of care Is required. As a child he must be kept away from children with measles and otner torms oi tE' He must be vaccinated when he is young, and every seven years thereafter. His ton sils must be kept clean. Mouth breathing must not be allowed to develop. He must be taupht to brush his teeth when a small child, and his teeth must always be kept in order. Tf he gets growing pains he must have It attended to promptly. He must be shielded against rheumatism. Frequent colds are not to be tolerated. He must be brought up a fresh air fiend. He must train his muscles and keep them strong and supple. He must play, hunt and work in the open air. A man can avoid rheuma tism, even when rheumatism runs in the family. '"' Food for Bnby. A A . . a nrAthAC wrltAS! "KindlV ftd vise through your valued column in the following matter: I have a baby boy ci tl,c. nlA Via WPlirhs About 14 M 72 luunma vn-i, ..v .. w.0 pounds; is bottle fed, and receives IS ounces barley water, m ouuca n. and two tablespoons of malt sugar in 24 hours; Is tea every uireo uuuio. Tn-ji.. Vr,w if tha formula I X.lliUl let, tui, ....v., - am using Is correct, as his bowels are not good. . lUTlil, Your baby is ahcut right for his age. The formula you are giving is about right. Probably it will be better to increase the amount of milk three ounces and to de crease the amount of barley water by the same amount. If the baby is constipated let him have some orange juice. He will do better if fed at four-hour intervals. Goiter. J. R. F. write: "Will you kindly give an article on goiter, (1) stating its cause, and (2) cure, if any? Am a young woman, 26, have been married six years, and noticed no signs of goiter until three years ago. (3) Is an opera tion the only means of relief, and (4), if so, is it dangerous? REPLY. 1. The cause of goiter Is not definitely known. Heredity is, no doubt, a factor. What one eats and drinks seems to be a factor also. People who have goiter should keep their organs of elimination as nearly normal as possible. They Bhould attempt to maintain normal stomach and intestinal digestion 2. The cure Is both medical and surgical. 3! No. A There Is an element of danger in cross ing the street. Operations for the cure of goiter are being successfully done every day. Mtxeil Diet Best. "1. Does a glass of warm, rich milk 1, 4.:mA Aair Qimnlv sufficient nu- Liuee limes, a. " j - trition for a child 3 years old who Is apparently neaitny, active anu good coloring, and perfect teeth, but inclined to constipation since birth? He never has tasted meat, doesn't care for vegetables, cooked cereals or eggs. A i 1-1 -,.-.f .,1 f c-nv cnlirl fond Kftpms ittuieopuuiui vj to be sufficient. He eats very little fruit, out has orange juiuu catu iuvm ing. "2. What would you advise in addi tion to the milk?" REPLY. 1. No. . '2. A child 3 years old needs to ent a mixed diet Irom the table. You must train him to eat meat, bread, cereals, vegetables and fruit. Give him plenty of butter. If you ran get bim to take orange Juice you can get him to eat fruit. Milk is not a perfect food for a child more than a year old. Temperature of Room. W. D. writes: "I beg to ask your advice on temperature in living-room nrt which conditions are suited best for factory. (1) What effect has a temperature of 74 degrees or more on the system? (2) Does too much heat causa one to feel sleepy? (3) Could you accuse one of having his right senses who has wool clothing and wants temperature of 80 degrees?" , REPLY. 1. A temperature of 74 is very debilitat ing. If one remains in such an Inside tem perature for a long time he gets heavy and slow mentally, has frequont headaches, his muscels get flabby and his skin pale. 2. Yes. No one can concentrate his mind on his work in a room at that temperature. 3. The person Is not very wise. Large Families Now Exception. EUGENE, Or., Feb. 26. (To the Ed itor.) Before we close the chapter on birth control, I should like to add my humble observations. Just why we need birth control In this day and age I do not comprehend. Large families seem to be the excep tion and not the rule, and it seems un necessary to augment the number of childless couples, more numerous by far than are families with many chil dren. It Is incomprehensible that any nght thtnklng. man or woman should sup port a movement that would justify making marriage an institution of legal prostitution. The many childless mar riages are a disgrace and a blot on our civilization, and God forbid that we EhnniH mir them uo as an example to the rest and uphold their principle of existence which seir-lsm. MRS. M. A. ALBIN. The First Answer. Stray Stories. "Did your watch stop when it dropped on the floor?" asked one man of his friend. "Of course," was the answer. "Did you think it would go through?" Detroit Newspnpers. ELLENSBURG, Wash., Feb. 26. (To the Editor.) Kindly publish the names of the leading daily papers In Detroit, Mich. A- CARLSON. Free Press and, News-Tribune, IT IS NEAR-SOCIALIST DOCTRINE Members, la Absence of Party Indorse ment, Will Support Single lax mil. unRTT.Avn Veh. 27. (To the Edi tor.) The statement that the State Federation of Labor's lRna ana ioau bill has "the backing of the Socialist party" would imply that the Socaillst n.-t i,rt nfflniallv indorsed the meas ure. To correct this error and relieve me from party censure ior m ment, since I am personally drawn Into the responsibility for party relation to it, through having worked for indi vidual co-operation on the land and loan measure, it is but fair that my Dart of it should De puauuiy u..uo.- y It is hardly necessary 10 any -i . u ; Snrtalists irrt- possible Socialists excepted but tne whole Socialist ccmuiiiciu for the industrial department, the cele brated "right to work" measuro at the last election, with all others of the working class who have since come to understand their class Interests, will support this measure Initiated by or ganized labor. While this land and loan measure does not attain to the full Socialist philosophy of the abolition of rent, In terest and protit. it docs lead in the right direction. It is found in its gen eral and detailed form in the immedi ate demands of the Socialist party plat form. Indeed, not only is this piece of radical legislation, but the whole "Oregon system" of. the initiative, ref erendum, recall, equal suffrage and even prohibition, on a more scientific plan, is found in the Socialist party platform and it may truthfully be said that all such legislation is the direct agitation of Socialists in this and other countries. Their platform of immediate demands has always led all other parties In legislation for the common people. In the case of the prohibition amendment, while the Socialists of this state gave strong support to the passage of the measure, their platform takes the more scientific plan of eliminating the protit from the saloon business, which would destroy any evil business that fastens itself upon the people. The world is learning and adopting, little by little, the Socialist philosophy as certain as time carrios vis forward. C. W. BAKZKK. MAYOR'S nAIR-TRIGGEIt RULING. Writer Discusses Disposition of Hiirn-sldc-strcet Card Cheeks. PORTLAND, Feb. 27. (To the Edi tor.) With reference to Mayor aiuuc fine distinctions recently promulgated on the saloon substitute regulation of card games for checks it appears that the first gun is being fired in an effort to keep in Dad repute me . - tne recent (jiuni"i"vn His attitude Xhat cheks sold over the bar constitute gamolins wnue u"' - dispensed to the players and paid for by the loser of the game do not constl ...;n inri nil auibblers tute gaming, -- - on hair-trigger questions. If one 13 a form 01 gamDiing, ccihinu aiso. . . , , , In the final analysis our 10cm iin'-. if they desire to create a. uin.. - 1 . i, 1.. r-ma sl.milri iro liDerausm in an - after the merchants for giving tradins, ., iylu4inr nr. stamps, tne cigar men e. miums with their products. The game works out tne same, uciiuau o... w.. must gather in the profits. The most startling phase of the whole issue is that, whether we deny si . ... oMu KqvA th s.nlnon The it or iiol, c on. ..., - same crowd frequents the resort and spends its money, ine iciiucuw. i t va .inn life nmona ever, 1a iu 1m.fca.-1w . . , i,- the saloon frequenters. Doubtless 11 Mayor Aluee wouia eiamiuc of the city, including the sporting fra ternities and professional associations, he would find evidences of gambling in card games for higher stakes than the Burnside homeless workingmcn dream of staking. ... Mavor Albee is not Interested In gambling except in the former saloons. A similar survey in the clubmen's quar ters would be an intrusion and unwar ranted in the eyes ot society. -rPininlo ubnnlrl r.'lnirft alOhlt with the prohibitionists that the work- Ingman is aoie to pia - checks in this time of stress. J. B. COTTINGHAM. GENTLE PASTIMK OF SI rPOSIXG Writer Works Tip Amotions Over Hy pothetical Xovelty In Tonic vnrs. PORTLAND Feb. 27. (To the Edi torsThat was a fine little parallel you drew between the war in tnmn- nt the, International situation, the onlv trouble being that you did not pursue it to a legitimate conclusion, c tha eitizen in Question aware of the danger goes into China town and in a Dattie oei in nnt intend to kill white lUH&a, men loses his life. Suppose the author ities send policemen to Chinatown, the Chinese resist and the policemen are i.ht. ThA result 1 widows, orphans and untold misery. The authorities then discover that they are powerless to punish the men who did the shoot ing. Men who, right or wrong, be lieve they were justified in their ac tions. You surely do not argue that this man was within his rights In involving the community in trouble which he could have avoided by walk ing down another street. As a matter of fact, he had Just as much right to pursue that counse as a smallpox patient would have had to at . a . u imin-tr rinctinn .nnrert Satur day night, and I believe the duty of the authorities is clear on that point. A. J. DEAL. The police have an Imperative duty to quell a tong war. whether whites are injured in the shooting or not. If a white man walks into a tong war area he puts the police in no more dan ger than they were already in. The correspondent is hysterical. Ranee of Bis Guns. PENDLETON, Or., Feb. 27. (To the Editor.) (1) A dispute has arisen in regard to the size of the large guns and the distance they will shoot, both in this country and in the foreign coun tries. (2) Also the distance from the city to the outer forts in New York harbor. Please answer as early as possible. E. C. Q. (1) Range of guns depends not only nn enliber but on type, and exactly what the European governments have newly produced is not definitely Known. The German 42-centimeter howitzer is nreanmed to be the largest calibered gun in use in the war. Its caliber is the equivalent of ' 16.S3 inches ana it Is presumed to have an effective range against masonry fortifications nf about 13.000 yards, although its maximum range is thought to be about 11 miles. Dunkirke is said to have been bombarded from a distance of 21 miles, but this was largely guesswork outside of the German army, which keeps its own counsel. Nor is it def initely known what type of gun was used. The long naval and field rifles, greater than six inches in caliber, have an approximate carrying capacity o miiA tn the inch of caliber. The largest gun in the United States Is of this type and Is a 16-inch weapon. But these rifles vary in range. What one will do is not definitely known until it Is tried. (2) A circle drawn by uslnir an eight-mile radius centered on Fort Hancock, Sandy Hook, would pass through Coney Island and the lower tip of Erooklyn. In a straight line Fort Hancock is about 20 miles from a point well, within Manhattan, In Other Days. Twenty-five Years Ao. Trom The Oregonlan of February -8, 3V1. The third annua: sermon to the med ical students of this city hy John Gor don, of tliis city, will lie delivered to morrow evening nt the l'ir.-t Riiptlst Church. Bishop MotIs will officiate at Grants Pass, undny, March 1, morning and evening, and at Kosebuig, Sunday, March . Forty names have been enrolled at Pendleton for a proposod military com pany. They will be mustered in in a few daye. At Thursday night's rehearsal of ths Marine band, Virgil Coomer, on retir ing from tint leadership of the bnnd, was presented with a handsome baton, in appreciation of his untiring efforts. William Gre.-r Harrison, president of the Olympic Club, of San Franciso, who has been in this city for the past week, left for his home last nllit. The first international convention of students' volunteer movement for for eign mis6ions is hulnjr held at Cleve land. O., with 500 delegates from all parts of the world. The little Qneen AVilhelniina. of Hol land, has already discovered th:U wear ing a crown makes an uneasy head. Court etiquette will not permit her to play with licr former little playmatcj any longer. Half Century Ago. From The Oregonlan of Fobruary 28, lSBtl. The establishment of a lumber yard in the central portion of the city by Messrs. Sutton & Co. is ono of thoca facilities for the accommodation of our building interests Ions desired. Yesterday at about 11 o'clock A. M. there came near heinir a fire nt th Courthouse on account of a defective fluo in the chimney leading from thn County Clerk's office. No alarm was given, but a general stampede from the courtroom was tlio result. We are pleased to meet our friend. R. li. Knapp. of the firm of Knnpp, Burrell & Co., looking halo and hearty after a nine months' tour of the Kant. On account of tho heavy rain, which Is very "wet," work on buildings and streets about, tho city- has been tem porarily suspended. Work on the now block of brk'lt buildings In front of tho Oregon Steam Navigation Com pany's wharf has just been commenced by excavating. The 010 l ino Hull was nearly enclosed when the storm set. As an evidonco of business we may mention that nt no time last season was there so much inquiry for freight up the Columbia ns thero is at this time. The O. S. N. Company proposes to put on an extra line of steamers, Chicago, Feb. IB. Tho comments of the Union press upon tho recent speech of President Johnson are almost unan imous. Tho Cincinnati Gazette say: "Not excepting the speech of President Johnson at the time of his Inaugura tion it is the most disgraceful utter ance of which them i:s any record." BOTH IWTlllOTISM A M rTmiM Spirit of Canada Is Worth Ilmulnllon In City and Nation. PORTLAND, Feb. i'7. (To the l'.dl tor.) I have been requested t" send you the attached copy of a letter re cently received from my ugetit 111 Winnipeg. Tho writer, after explaining that thn moratorium made It impossible to col lect payments due the recipient at this time, proceeds as follows: PIiri!il pilLll'Mlc iiiim, nn 11 . 1 by viiliintury otierln;i of t lie citl-i-us of tho ,...ntru Ml t. nut In It IP ally ail wo ( ana.Uatis nave Mil i icieni faith in tlie re.. urceM ef our country t' meet tho aPil!ler.al taxation with fciut'i'l. Anyone vpdlinir our country must uilnilt that even In the nil'It ef this enoch maktmr crisis p. Mmi.Mi find nn place In tho hearts nf nnr rltlz.-ns. and complete slid lasMn victnry Is looked upon ut being only a niaiter nf time. r-TltOi! K-Ult AVKN'DUK CO.. l.TP Per V. K. fTHOMB. It seems to me that it shows a very fine spirit, one thnt xomo of our chronic kickers in Portland and our little Americans In, Washington and elsewhere, would do well to emulate. GKUKGli O. HOWARD. Let Male Borrow In Onler to I.eml. ECHO. Fob. 2-1. (To the Editor.) The following is from tho Northwest Farmstead : Wise is the Piute Trertsurer of Minnesota in selling $J,rieO,iino of . per cent benrls of Southern stales. In which some of Minne sota's surplus has been invested for years, lie is roIhk to use the nioiu'v in buying Min nesota school and mad bonds, bearlnir 4 per eent Interest. This Is hIouk the line pre viously 'advneftted by the Farmstead. If t' people of Minnesota ratify next November the pending- amendment to the constitution. It will then be leital for the StBte Treasurer to Invest this surplus In first niorlKHrfs tut Minnesota farms. However, tho proposed amendment instriets any loan to :t0 per cent of-the appraised value of the farm, whereas the Dakotas and some of our slates further west have for years thus loaned their surplus up to the amount of .'.0 per cent of farm values. Not a dollar of principal or Interest has ever been lost by these loans of the public surplus to farmers on good farms. Why not tho Ftate of Orccon borrow money at a low rate of interest and loan it to irrigation and drainage dis tricts at a profit say of two per cent and thereby increase the taxable prop erty of our state by millions? Certainly rural credits should rome In for their share of these moneys. Ini doing this everv taxpayer In Oregon would receive benefit. O. D. TEliL. lunllty of Had Gns. Passing Show. Woman of the House (to gas com pany collector) Yus, an' the only dif ference between the Germans' bad gas nn' yours is Germans don't charge for it. Reading Business Character Every business house writes Its character Into Its advertising, so that he who reads may know. Equally the n'n-nilvertising busi ness writes out lis lack ot faith In itself. Advertising readers are dis criminating buyers. They know what they want, where to get It, and what price they ouht to pay. Just glHiico through the adver tising In The Orepronlnn. Check up tlie. advertising statements with your personal knowledge. Not hard to form an opinion, is it? We mlcM mention that Ciinnr'a Is u 1 It l n it a very enthusl.i-tle. 1 :i 1 1 hi the present i oi-:rl war. It Is est limited tn.it a:ui"t Jit.iHMJ trnnps liavo b.-eu teer ei 1 1 il l-'iul U" city of Wlrinip-'i: end miIhii-Sh t.t .Lit., aiel r.-ci uttinir la ;Hill priori ln s.ttlf.-i. tet il . Should thin war lust ler feme lieie v t lhe;e Is 110 dnubt but H'nt 1:11111. la utll hiivo fttnlshed the lialf-mlMP.n Hmp which the federal government l:n niithurizeil. Of eourM It nicrtlia ct)n;deiiille .tiiriee, as fiim;lii.s ef t lie married 111.11 en.lhtiti .... ...... tiiiltot u n t 11. 1 u ! 1 1. v;. lie nut f A I lie hnrvet or 1:11 1 n nnei iiiniiui rent and bin liml u Ki-i-itt drnl to ,li vltll keeping rnmlltlnt' as ti'.tniiil a Me rtn.l them t'ldav, and the RprltiK find tlm a Liricult lira' districts making annther ureal effort to proiluce nil aluiiHinnt erup. o that as snon ns the war Is eniieil no tleuht urt will bo In ft Kitn. I rnniMtlnn to make rapid prugress, iintvv Itlistanuini; thn rtr:t l"Pt