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About Morning Oregonian. (Portland, Or.) 1861-1937 | View Entire Issue (Dec. 27, 1915)
6 Tins MonxTXO OTEoA?!,. srovnAY, Drcmrmnt 27, 1915. el rmaio. Crs-. rxt"" ee S a4-.es-. Blf. tonriiiuat Va:ae taei' la 4 tar staiii ye bu.t ......a . t . o4f La-:, i'i i. ..... - t 1 , ! I t&rwa entae ... -' I- r. au-Mler .a.:,..4 eae ovinia ...... ' 1 -M . - Il4i, -! t" 1 . . Wt.VMt ' lS. tl .a. T. 7' ..'. 4-lJ a4 Weea.T. er f By Carrta- I .:v. a-"e ae."l. eae ' i . !: a-la-i. eae awot. Hot fa tall S eawtuff..-- .. . ... !i ... ... ' ... S- ... "i- ...... : ee J" ira.- ere l inj.. t r-a. wa ot'tii.- a., a---- ... miJ as elate. reeee Imw 11 i la r 1 t i : . ssata ft ie 4 caoe. I mu. : 1 J a. OfTVr T- ' In aaklr.: "Can mKttartarn b i- rlurl for tho u ct a . . d.d..x.!l r anubtlraa aautn that tto tralclnr of i nanboo4 cf a nauon to arm U mUitartam. r ...jt. tha cnrcoM and of tlio toaa to whleU tbo arm.J fore U pal- Tbo ...nr. of it. ill tar mm ia it f ' . 1 ...lisiiea. Franc a well r.rmaoy baa eor.acripUon. but. whan war tsrvtn4. rrJc drow back har troop a kUomtr from lfs if"""" tu mpbaauinf thtr dfni lha rroa purpcaa Eth rraec and PwtUrUn4 ar ' twmrlM of oatiora which ba adopt , I tompuory rlc witbout d-troy-lr d.mocracT. Cannot tho tnlte4 a. . t.- rfa tlkawta? Th purpo of oar pabllo tchooU t. to Kjulp lb rounc for their du:y a iha nam men of Ihe an wot fa!!y iulppd for thai July nntaa tby ha bfO trained to f.r.nj tbtr cooctry aa wu aa 10 oo rtr part In Urn of pac. Coropul ry rrtc would tak youn men In r.and al tb a whi they too oftn tm boUtaroaa corner loaier ana . .,i.4 fh.m ductplln. To thU t RpubUco tct: awtt at uany. R.f.rrtnt to tb r4!fJ traeaforrn . .tl.li raffisallorT arrlc h tnaJ In tb 3rmn p"Pl. for which to gnrat.n uru..l. th K-pub-1 -an quut tr. Hrmnd aa iTl"f: 1, .f i-Jr i " 7: lftllNiaa t4.J""av ! ' a.., . . rr-to.. 'J- .!. an.!'' amartaaaa. If aubordlaaUon of th Mher to t Iaar T?rtae b tbo cooaaouoneo f compuory aarrtc. wbhrh th Ra-j.6:k-aa eonfod wrth ra!Mtmrttn. why la) not t rn ro.navjuarc b rtabl la Tanc. IUrUnd and -ifraUT riaH-aA th dm-r:lc ciu-trU rraa.l h almad onry to aaaiat t." aarcl of th fclher rtr ti bv aupptrlfc na-w maar.a thar- f-r. Tba I:apa6t!caa alao aar: f- an itanata ! f" a f -fV-a .( t at : f naf .iiarl.' I fif Li. A ai aro.iitA ha t I laa araaa. af trvna ataf4a. Tfeatr tn A rm-rt'-aa P " P - aa ... cai a "a ama II f T lo I nt (i-;.aa a( c-aak ar arala l cnf.aloa of th do fraia purpoa of French ant ?Ua rrrar-ln. with th acaT"i Pr l.a ef ml'tttrtarn. Th Amr.an raepte ar rttl'.rt nouh lo ret-o. t -it t!a dtatinctlon and to a.t "ranr an,) jiwttjarUnd ha actea. ir thy wait till "th lrn preur of n'a impoaae uch a chan rrom th u;.i.la" thywi:i b too Ut. for urli mo w!ft!y In mdrn war and git an nnprprd Ballon no Urn to grl T'tT or lconriTtT ciirraHixT rreaHent Wl'jen aatd In a recent p?ach that "th only leatumai -o-Jt:t of rrnltlon la f :i.tani-y. It ran ler b Ufl'imat who 11 U ln tan1d fnr hoat.i compat'.tl'O Pr- twim.- Th FraJt lent aubordlnate re accn-aed by th New Tork Tlaica of nikinr war on efr.ilarcr when they attack eombtntion a loUU of th eetl-tru-at law for no other reason man fvrvtiiaaaioa vt power to do barm, no mattar whether th act. of the coro Mnation ar barmfal or L Presi dent Taft atatej a aoond ptinclpl on thU aubjact when h ld that, when th fiecerr result of combination at 1a monotory power It waa fair to preaurn th purpoa "vt combtnln 1 b th poaa Ion and eiercLa of that pwr. A reruUtory bdy tntfM bo t mated to i!l.t-rtm!na! btwa acta of a com tnrion banerU Ul and harmful to th public If It were Itself erfVtcnt. Tb eCrum-nt arcuanenU ajilrat furthe eitenaion af oernmer.t ruUtlin i tiuainee ta th notorlou Inertlclenry f th emmenl Itaelf. Samuel O. )ur.B. e.Jltor of lb Railway Ac Ga ted, etate.j thla mmnl briefly In , ravaet aJJreaa bef 'r tha TTanpr tatlon Club, of Leoularllta. Ky. Inea t'str.g rommtaloha ha crtucld th worklnr of th tfepartTnenta at VVeahlna-ton a "entramely onbuiineeav J;ke. Th tfi lumplt t th Toet fflc IpMTtient. A cmm!tt of eprt la It reported 111 -pctfic l".l def.-ta." bat no Improeement ba raen ma.i. Th tnl commute on ralTway mall par crtt!ri4 th de partment for Inability l fumtah at 1'at:r racrJlrc V- operation end for trytcr tt ret ice railway mall par b 1W a raa.aeaabt baaia. but no more Inf rmatton baa bacom available, and th dapartmant tV.11 preaee th Hull Ti:wy malt pay br.U Another con arraestna cemmiailoa baa ronJamned tie ar.tir admlr.t9tra.tloo of th par eel poat. In th rru!-t:oa of boalneaa e per'a ar appotrtej en coram leal .in a. r th operation of th taw la an. n led ad alow. Tor mnp!. In rr I-tati.-n of rat'rovt rata a!n-a ar mad eery reluctantly and with far Nea prompmea than reduction, tsoaf h chare- la either direction eheuM protnpey follow char fa la roeernln coni!!.. ti-a I'Clela- Itrs ts p asse l for poM'Is-al purp--e I by man who accuse bair.c men c I .'l.hoeetr. tv-os"l liiair n action Is ! ntlAi:v d!i.KXi.t Vnltk Oar-i ner. lb l"nltei tate fculata u:naas daef-Tietlvety. not eo-istruc t:vrr. tt f"tHt tsea to do things tt afeem hurtful but do- nnt encourage er help than to do other thisgs which : dam belpfut fieftir th Government ran be truefv! el'S any f jrthaf roefrl over bualnaa er w"h rr ai'i'!nl fun M-ii:i . - '. wa-Kiaaiia. tri oaifk ta a.i:itart . " tljcs. ta aif Hiawiu-i aaviali Lit44 aU NaviaUoa Ccu.ajr, whichl completely overhauled br body of tho vary buataee trans whom th orator In Congress dtnounrt. Who th C.ov.rr.menl itaalf hu bcom ef ficient. It will Ix la position to pro mot th rricuocr of prtvat bui nrae. Th npper bat harped on this ubjvt l! vain for ) tars, but bow that direct taxes promts to becoro prmnct. th peopl may awaken to ;te Importance and may compel action. Thy will wish to know thr vry dollar go and what they (l for It. rn th iuppoaitlon that E. Alexan der Powell, who new Whitman myth waa d!acuaa4 by Add'.Kin Bennett In th Sunday Orecoclan. raited Walla Walla bfor.h wrot hla mafasln rt!c:r It may b aaaumed that b la devoted to two fairly general custom. On a that of avoiding burial rroonda or.Ieas tn1 friends or reiaUTa r poji ther: lb other that of erecting th moat conspicuous memorials where th fewest persons ar likely to e them. Mr. Powell was In error when he stated that Whitman' rrae I desig nated only by a hea.Iaton surrounded by a picket fence. Tet th tall raajbl haft that doe la fact mark hi rest ID( ptac would still b th most In Unincatt of three monument to his memoir wer It ten time as maaatr or t la bo rata, whitman' memory I prrrd by a vim. Important Inj U tutloa of learning and by a prosperous county which beara his cam. It ha been saJd that "monument themselv memorials need." It Is tru of brons statu and marble mausoUums. but not of Institutions for practical human betterment that honor name and achlvrementa. Wer th fact otherwise, men whoso cbef claim to faoi L riches would leave fer endowment and more money for obellaks and pyramids. Hut Whitman Colleg Is cot en dowed with Whitman money. II had nun to gtva. It la endowed with his name, th spirit of hi career and all that they Imply. A better, trior ap preciative memorial this than any graveard ornament. It existence, th perpetuation of hi nam by Whitman County, th story of his servtc to tb Northwest contained la every Oregon and Washington history would b significant commentary upon th writings of on who convict th Northwest of Indifference toward Marcus Whitman, even wer It tru that hi grave remained unmarked. At AM DIT-A5E. Tb fancy that disease rosy be air- born has been fairly wall shaken from th popular mind, according to th Journal of th American Medical Association, which give a th reason better understanding of th role cf micro-organism In th transmis sion of disease. Tim was when every person with timidity In his nature feared the very air. rrovldcd any transmissible disease wer In th lo cality. Th evHence agtlnst the at mospbere seemed fairly conclusive, a man living in th neighborhood of typhoid fever contracted that afflic tion without coming In d'rect contact with th disease, without so much as coming within gunshot of th victim. Residents caught malaria from dis tant swamps without ever approach' teg the awamp. while other serious disease wr transported on th wings of th wind, as It seemed. Tet It was found en cloaer Investigation that th agency of transmission was cot th air. but pestiferous Insects. r.lca rimed disease germ on their tiny bodies. Notwithstanding this dis covery, whk-h baa saved thousands of live, the popular mind was slow In !Lmi.!rc all suspicion of "night air and pnltuied air. It Is not uncommon loUajr. though mor so than In th past, fir som cautious pedestrian to ho!j bis breath In pa-wing a house wber a disease flag Is displayed. Tet pn-mlbly th same Individual would feel po special danger In tb proximity of an Ireert which bad arrived tn tb dlrlng-room from parts unknown. Air is nt without Its danger, how ever, fvr th bacteria count runs high In onvsntllated places wher there ar larg awembMe. Ther la a danger, too. from th suspended particles thrown Into th air by fits of cough ing or sneezing. Avoid the person who snecxes or couch In a room or con fined ptac without covering hi mouth and noatrils. Fuch persons, tn addition to being exceedingly III bred, ar a mer.ar to public health In th belief of minT competent autborttlee. tuts taklma roorrwT. Now that a determined effort Is to b mad by th business men of Port land to get In closer touch with th Taklma country'.' It may bo of Interest to ehow hovr thai portion of Washing ton Is progressing, leaving fruit sta tistics out of consideration. In respect to corn, th entlr Tak lma Valley, from Kennewlck to Cle Elvtm lnclusl. had planted fir years ago about to acres, which averaged perhaps J bushets to th acre: this season ther wer about It.OO acres with an average ytelt around 10 bush els to th acre, a total well up toward a million bushets. fnJer th Fannysld Canal alone ther was a corn area this year of lis J acre, with an averag ylet cf bushel to th acre, a total of 110 ::; bushels. In lll th yield per acr la that district was ( bushels per acre, tn 11 it was SI S. and this year, as shown above, an tncreas of l. buahets over that. Of course th development of tb rrn tni!utry haa decreased th al-f-l' crop matrialty. Th area la al falfa waa ::.40 acres 111 and :i.llt this soaaon. It should b r membrd that th alfalfa grown ther I principally shipped away, whll th corn la In greater part fed at horn. It takes only an Instant's glance to se which Is th best crop for th good of th country. Five year ago ther wer about a 4sn tie In thafc valley: now there are f ". and more than a majority M ihent were erected thl year. That. cf foarw. mean more dairy co-era. but hv not th figures at hand to give in present cumor or in in crease over former year. Tb tarn is I tru Of hoga. sheep and beef cattle, tt la sur that ther is practically a train lad cf fccg shipped oat now whr there was a carload flv years ago- potato ar grown eitenarvely la tt Taklma country, but th area Is oc'y h-t.!!ng its own. Th turn Is tru of or hards. Ko tt will ba aeo that practically H of th nearly de- vc ;-" 1 land Is devoted lo grccral farmlr.r The figure rtvn ar from report mad by special rpreantative of th Northern Pacific Railway and ar ballava.) to be as near exact as can b gathered: they practically agree Ith thoa t.buUt. by rapreaenla- t'Ta of tre "f-c n-" asMrgl n lull- parallels th Northern Pacific from Kencewlrk to North Taklma. great deal of development of th taklma country in th direction of general farming rn or corn, more cows, mor hogs Is du to th lib eral educational policies of thoa two railway srstem'. the wr.trT Trr or candidate. When the upport of Colonel Roose velt for the Republican ticket can be gained by th nomination of such a man as JuiUc Hughes, ex-Governor Had lay or ex-Secretary of Stat Knox, there should b no difficulty about complying with his terms. Not that th party should nominal any par tlcular typ of man with a view to gaining tb support of any Individual, no matter how Influential, but that th course which the Colonel suggests Is the right oc to pursue In any event- There la an evident disposition among old-line Republicans in the Bast to favor certain candidates with. out regard to th attitude of th Colo ncl and hi recent following. Th mention of ex-Senator Root, and even of Senator Penrose, seems like a de fiance of the Colonel which he could not fail to meet with open hostilities. Senator Weeks might be regarded In tb same light. Th nomination of such a man would arouse antagonism throughout the West and axrfong the advanced Republican of th East, a well as among th third party men. A man such as Colonel Roosevelt men tion would b saf from th stand point of all In tb East except those extreme reactionaries whom It is hope less to consider, and he would receive the united support of the West. There are other men available. of the earn typ as those mentioned by Colonel Roosevelt who would doubtless have a united party behind them and would have the Colonel' Indorsement. In the coming campaign especially the Republican party cannot afford to make a mistake. Apart from the necessity of choosing a man who will reunite the party, the convention must choose the man upon whom probably win devolve the task of shaping our foreign relation and readjusting our foreign commerce after the war; also the task of completing the programme or National defense which can only begin under the present Administra tion. Upon th course of th next administration will depend our place among nation: and our commercial future. . so, DAxxzxa Utauh at last. Criticism has had a most salutary effect on Secretary of the Navy Dan lels, for his construction programme U th result of recommendations asked by him from th General Board. His programme follow those recommen datlona a to larger ships, but exceeds them a to aubmaxlnes and reserve ammunition. The Secretary has been prompted by criticism not only to seek. to follow and to publish the advice of naval experts, but to defend himself by showing from the records that his predecessors often did not seek and never followed or published th Gen eral Board' recommendation. Th truth 1 that both parties, when la control of the Government, have been remln In providing for defense of the Nation. Kor many years after tb Civil ir our executive and legis lative guide encouraged this Nation to retir Into Its shell In a military sens, assuming that, because w had no desir to trouble other nations, they woutd not trouble us. Not until twenty year after the war was the Govern ment stung Into action by th storm of satlr on our Navy which the barn. Ing of the old wooden Tallapoosa pro voked. Congress would then construct hips only for coast defense, and only by Ingenious argument could It be In duced to authorize seagoing, fighting ship on th pretense that they were for coast defense. The real awakening began with tha Spanish War, but even then Congress clung to old habit of thought Not until th fleet mad th round-the- world voyage did It member generally-' form a conception of a navy which must go out to sea and fight an enemy, not merely hug th coast and drive him away. Naval appro priation wer still fought obstinately by men who held to old traditions. some of them through Jealousy that so much money should b diverted from uses In which they had a selfish, local interest. Mr. Daniel should have awak ened a year ago last August, when the war broke out. but he did not realize the necessity of putting tb Nation in a thorough state of defense until friction with several of the bel- igerer.ta and the prod cf public opin ion had aroused him. II Is little. If at all. mor blameworthy than hi Im mediate predecessors of the opposite party, and we congratulate him on be ing the first to follow expert advice and to propose a continuous-construction policy to Congress. rxrr ntxxrii. General French's reassignment to command of non-combatant troops In the United Kingdom is nothing more than demotion. It Is th polite way modern war office seem to have formed of doing away with leaders who do not get results. Von Buelow, ho waa viewed as the man of des- Iny In the first clashes of arms, was retired In th same tactful manner. Von Hausen, who led. or misled, the Saxon army on tho Mame, went by a similar route, while the great Von Kluck is now suffering, from some strange malady which serves to keep him away from field headquarters. General French mu-t be set down as a courageous commander, a skillful strategist and a competent tactician. Put so was McClellan when he was relieved from command of the Army of th Potomac General McClellan Is mentioned because his rase appears to offer something of a parallel. A certain argressivenea-i was absent Th vital spark of genius wss missing. He lacked the peculiar quality of leader ship that the situation demanded. After his brilliant retreat from Mon. General French's star mounted lo a high point In the military solar system. Great things were claimed for that brilliant stratagem which was worked out and conducted tn the heat of action and. which operated to pre vent greater French embarrassments. The "contemptible little British army," as General French's force was desic cated by the Germans, achle'ved the seemlngty Impossible. But It has proved to bo a flash In th pan. Th promise of great things ha not been realized. It Is Impossible, from th meager details at hand, to present an analysis of General French's method. But th larger feature of bis campaign. or lack of campaigns, stsnd out clear ly. II ha lacked aggressiveness. F.ven when engaged In the desperate offensive of Neuv Chapelle this de fect was shown. He struck the Ger man lire with a fearful striking por, Tk German avxd ui broke. No more desperate fighting has marked, th treat war. Brigades were obliterated by the perfect hell of conflict that raged over the dis puted sector in General French' front. Success waa within reach. Then the Hrl'.lsh smashing power lost Its vital Ity. In a vital hour th British were put back. Ten of thousands had been sacrificed to no avalL Th British hinted that Gallic allies had failed to give them promised support In a crlt leal moment. From Paris came couh ter hints that Gallic allies. In fact, saved General French from a perilous situation. But this crimson sacrifice 1 less vivid In tha popular mind than the British Inactivity. Th whole British campaign in Flanders has lacked vital Ity. At first we were told that the British had insufficient numbers. General French was marking time nntil Kitchener might convert raw levies Into trained soldiers. A year lapsed. Millions of men, the dis patches and War Office reports saia. were pushed into the theater of opera tions. Still no action. Munitions were not sufficient. The new ex planation was a logical one. Moni tion Is quite as Important as leader ship. Perhaps more so in the des perate typ of trench warfare that has sprung up in turope, isui in auo time, when the British munition scar city had been eliminated, the aame old dllotoriousnes persisted. What on earth waa he waiting fori Why didn't he use those millions of men all fully equipped and eager for the fray 7 Neuv Chapelt was th on answer and a tragic and costly experiment It proved. Apologist for General French have said that he waa burdened with an in competent staff at his great headquar ters. Stories leaked out of gay and bibu lous young officers frolicking while the General tolled over their work. They were of the high aristocracy and regarded war as a glorious lark. The taio will be recalled of the young Prince of Wales and the Irate French husband a few months ago. Thlajiear the General's headquarters. But such defense Is invalid. If his staff was not competent the General should have done away with the staff and surrounded himself with officers whx were competent. The plea of Incom petent help never did fully excuse anyone from the consequence of mis deeds and failures. So now the British must develop a new leader. The problem of recruit ment has been met, for the time being at least. The troops are heavily sup plied and the munitions problems no longer threaten the British campaigns. Leadership that will put these new sgencles of warfare Into effective op eration 1 what the War Office 1 seek ing, and this leadership mar have to be developed out of long and 'bitter experience- In the meantime. Sir John French can retire, a pathetic figure, to duties better suited to his peculiar abilities. He has tasted of the cup of gTeatn'fcs and sees himself all but seated In the select circle of the Immortal. Now the tragic climax of failure, for he will be set down In history as a fail ure even though hi career does fur nish warm debate among the tacti clan of future generation a In the case of Ceneral McClellan. Neverthe less, the tragedy la not one to excite special sympathy. After all, he has lost nothing more than his place among the supermen of Europe. Which Is a vastly lesser fate than that of those tens of thousand of his men who lost life or limb at jNeuve Cha pelle. Another man 1 to have it put all over him In a breach-of-promise suit by hearing read the fool letters he wrote -to the plaintiff. New Tork is the scene this time, but It can happen anywhere. Why sane men tempo rarily become driveling Idiots and record on paper their drool'.ng thought la something a scientist can' not solve. That they do It Is enough to scare, but It frills. Senator Chamberlain forgets, when he proposes to show Congress an actual bombardment of trenches, that the Army ha only enough artillery ammunition to last through one day's battle. Tet It would be well spent a convincing Congressmen that an bundant supply of big guns and hells Is indispensable to a modern army. Carranza ha decreed that widows of hla soldiers shall have free rent for whole year. However, rent Is no problem In Mexico, where a dugout suffices to house the family of the peon. Free rations for a year would prov something really worth men tioning. British officials In India evidently bolleved that, after hla North Pole and ML McKinley stories Dr. Cook was capable of anything, even of be coming a German spy. Thus does a man' fame pursue him. The chauffeur of a taxi who would swindle a drunken passenger is a bad actor; but why waste sympathy on the man who ought to know how he will wind up when he begins the hilarity? "Persians Badly Punished" reads a headline. Any small nation like Per sia which offers to take a hand in this war had better think twice. The giant might step on It In Missouri a man of 94 has Just married for the fourth time. He la the father of 41 children, and must be striving for the record. With a day of rest and recovery from Indigestion, everybody 1 able to work this morning. Th clearance da)- ar th time for bargain tor those who did not spend It all before Christmas. Thrifty Mrs. Wilson keeps the Jew elry store as a grubstake to provide against contingencies. Mrs. Wilson's favorite flower Is th orchid, which Is expensive: but "them aa baa gits. Th only definite programme of the peac party is to spend all of that 1270.000. In Syria pulling whisker binds a contract: la other countries it starts a fight. Whether of high or low degree, the Chines assassin always gets hi vic tim. Nobody wants the Ford peace party. It is an outcast among the nations. An after-Christmas Joy Is to know the light bills lessen. lit da) a mor aa4 thtn Ckaixt, How to Keep Well By Sr. W. A. Ems, Quaettona pertinent to brclene. sanitation and prsvantlon of dlseaae. It matters of gen eral interest, will be answered in mis col umn. Wbare space wlj not permit or th uh'act Is not suliablF. letters win be per sonaijy answers!, surject to proper llnuta tlons and where a stamped, addressed en valope ta Inclosed. Dr. vans will not miKi dlssnosls or prescribe for Individual dis- eases. . Requests (or such service cannot be answered. (Ooyrieht. IBIfi. be Dr. TV A. Evint Published by arransamenl with Chicago tribune.) Stateiaserlna- and Stuttering. Moat small children with defects of speech can be cured. If the defect Is simple and the habit is not firmly established, the mother can cure better than anyone else. Stammerers are unable to produce certain sounds or to correctly pro nounc certain words. Lisping is form of stammering. A stammerer may be deliberate In manner. The de fect may, and usually does, not cause any self -consciousness. In fact, some children affect lisping. Many children who stammer have been led to believe that the speech fault Is something of an accomplishment. The peculiar way of pronouncing words Is imitated and terms of endearment are used In con nectlon with the imitation. The net result Is that the child Is far from undertaking the effort needed to cor rect the fault Most cases of stammering and lisp Ing can be cured by the mother. The method Is simple. She must contin ually pronounce the words which the child mispronounces and bave the child repeat them after her. Rewards. In eluding a Judicious use of praise, must be made use of. IX the mother cares to read some book on speech defects, such as that of Scripture, and learn Just how certain sounds are made she will be the gainer by doing so. She may learn words which her child can pronounce cor rectly, which words call for about the same operations In the speech organs as those which the child speaks Incor rectly. All of this Is for the mother. In training tha child the mother speaks correctly some troublesome words, and other related words, and the child re peats them. Stuttering Is a different matter. stutterers can make the necessary sounds. The trouble Is In forming the sounds into several-syllable words and Into sentences. The seat of the trouble Is the mind. Stammerers and lispers are at their worst between 2 and S years of age. The mother can cure the averasre stut terer of his defect why? The need is for some way to slow down the ex cited, nervous child. To make him think slowly, act slowly, speak slowly, to teach him not to b-gin to speak until bis thought and speech are formulated, and then to say his words with deliberation. The stuttering child has a dlsnosl tlon to do everything half-cocked. If it be granted that the cause of stut tering is In the mind; if the needed cure is to train the child to be de liberate and calm, does It not follow that the mother the best teacher? Klucmel Is risht. The majority of chil dren who stutter, stammer and lisp could be cured by their mothers. How ever, there are children who stammer because of adenoids, tonsils or other defects and children who stutter be cause of mental or other trouble. Such need the help of physicians and speech specialists. Probably a Lona- Palate. Mrs. F. B. writes: "Will you please give me some advice regarding my little girl, 10 years old? She weifths 73 pounds and seems to be in perfect health, but at night when she goes to bed she couprhs for hours at a time. This seems to be caused by a tickling In the throat, and nothing I do gives her any relief. Do you think this con stant coughing will injure her general constitution, and do you think she ought to have a change of climate? Or will a cough syrup of some kind relieve her?" REPLY. Tha prrhable rinse of this coush Is Jong palate. oine children couh. because tiie t-mperatupre Is not rlelit. In some cases tba beading la not heavy enough, in some esses It Is too heavy. A badly ventilated bedroom may be responsible. Whon slight cbansea In temperature will precipitate couahtng spells there Is very liable to be enlargement of tba g.anda in tha chest. I do not tnlnk you need navu ner change climate. Io not give her cousa ayrups. iiut do bave bar examined. Care for Stuttering. A. R. writes: "Is there no actual cure for stuttering? I have been suf fering with this affliction all my life and seem to get more nervous and find it more difficult to talk as I grow older. Am now 20 years old and. am often thought stupid because I give short answers and even pretend not to hear when I am spoken to. Would be very thankful if you could tell me of some doctor In New York City that could help me or of schools for stut tering". REPLT. There are cures for stuttering, thougb aoma people do not gat cured. Much de panda on tre mentality and the age cf tha sufferers. Where fear, timidity and diffi dence are prominent In a given case the difficulties of cure are multiplied. Write to tha Volts, bureau, Washington, D. C, for list of schools. Questions Too Genera. T. T. P.. writes: "If my husband and I can each present 'a clean bill of health' and are apparently normal In every way. need I feel concerned about physical defects that my father, had and transmitted to some of his chil dren, though they 'skipped' me? Do such things have a tendency to die out. bavins skipped one generation, or are they likely to reappear in the grand children? REPLY. Tha question cannot be answered, since for soma conditions me answer would be yes and for others, no. b'peclfy what defects your lather oac. Assaaalnatloa of Austrian Heir. MITCHELL, Or.. Dec 14. (To the Editor.) Please give the details of the sssassination that caused the great war In Europe. S. M. CHKSXUT. The following Is from the new In ternational Tear Book: The event that precipitated the war of the oa tlons was the assassination, June 2S, 1914. of the Archduke Francis Ferdi nand, nephew of Emperor Francis Jo seph and heir to the Hapsburg throne, together with bis morganatic wife, the Duchess of Hohenburg. while on the Archduke's first official visit to Sara jevo, the capital of Bosnia. Their entry Into the town had been Interrupted by the explosion of a bomb, thrown by a certain Cabrinovlc, and. fortunately enough, warded off by the Archduke with his arm. The bomb exploded under tha following automo bile, wounding the Archduke's aide-de-camp. Colonel Meriazl. With admir able coolness, the Archduke stopped his car and gave orders to have the Colonel and other injured persons at tended to: then he proceeded to the town hall, where he was welcomed by the Mayor. Afterwards the Archduke sot out to Inquire after the condition of the wounded ColoneL As the royal car rounded the corner of Rudolph- street a Bosnian youth ty the name of Gav rilo Prlnclp fired several revolver shots from the sidewalk, wounding the Duchess In the side and the Archduke In the neck. Both lost consciousness almost Immediately and died before medical ssslstance could be secured. Princlp. and Cabrinovlc wer arrested and held for trial. REASONS OPPOSED TO EMBARGO Writer Aalt Why Prohibition or V ar Trade Is Inaentral. CORVAT.T..IS. Or., Dec. 25. (To the Editor.) In The Oregonlan Tuesday you reiterated your formerly declared position, that it would be an unneu tral act for the United States to forbid the export of war munitions to the allies. By Just what process of reasoning you have arrived at this conclusion. I cannot determine. It appears to me to be similar to the process used by some in determining that it (would be) is an unneutral act for us to fur nish these selfsame munitions to the allies. Anyone who asserts that we, as a sovereign state, cannot establish and pursue any domestic policy which we see fit would appear to me to be lacking In the essentials necessary to arrive at Just Judgment. I can, of course, conceive that such an embargo, under certain circum stances, might be construed, in fact, meant, as an hostile act, but not by any means unneutral. The relations be tween the United States and allies might become so strained as to cause such action on our part, but such ac tion would be taken solely as a means to an end In our own legitimate for eign policy, and would lack wholly the element of friendship for Germany, although, as a side issue, it would have the effect of hampering the allied cause, and, consequently, helping the Germans. This effect. I reiterate, would be used as a means to an end. and not to show friendship to the allies' enemies. While in practice it would have some effect In common with a policy of un neutral friendship, the principles be hind the two actions would be entirely foreign to each other. Such an em bargo would either be declared as a domestic policy or aa an incident in our relations with the allies. I think if such a club were used; or. better still, if It were used in con junction with some of our warships to brine a halt to the seizing or Ger mans aboard American ships, which Is American soil, that some or the allies bigness above the shoulders, due to the much-vaunted mistress or tne seas, would take a slump overnight. If it is at all practicable warships ought to be sent in pursuit of these French and British pirates and call them to halt by a solid (not blank) shot across their bow If not through tneir nuu. P. S. WHITCOMB. The reasons why an embargo on war exports at this time would be unneu tral have been stated twice, we think, by the State Department, and have been frequently set out on this page. Trade in munitions Is an individual not a National enterprise. An embargo is an affirmative, official. National act It is a prohibition not wholly domestic. for it restricts a. recognized right of belligerents to recoup their arms any where that supplies may be purchased. An embargo would be particularly un neutral at this time because It would rob one belligerent of much of the ad vantages obtained through a species of military preparation devised in recog nition of established rules of interna tional law which the embargo would overthrow. An embargo would thus diminish the prowess of the arms of one side through official. National interference by a neutral with a prac tice which was. before and at the beginning of hostilities, open to both sides and which is now closed to one side by the fortunes of war and not through the instrumentality or fault of the neutral. FREE TRADE THEORY MADE PXAIX rortlanjl Exponent Welcomes Disaster to Home .Manufacturer. PORTLAND, Dec 26. (To the Edi tor.) In the Portland Journal the editor discusses the possibility of Ger many dumping her commodities upon the United States, we protests against anv "Alclvlnley larin to protect against "this rain of commodities," and asks "why should we seen any sucn protection?" "Why not let tne uer mans flood us with gifts If they are so dissosed?" "What should be thought of a bov who should block up the chlmnev to keep Santa Claus out?" Seldom. If ever, has the Democratic theorv of free trade been more frankly and tersely stated. Why, indeed, should wa nrotest aealnst our home maraeis being Hooded witn loreiKn souub the expense of the local producer and American labor? Why not send our money abroad for everything we eat and wear and use, and let the "unem ployed" of America whistle lor a jodi We have no concern in tne encourage merit of domestic Industry and the em Dlovment of American labor. The great rii.iidpra.tum is to eet things cheap. Isn't it about time for tne journal to give us a few more editorials on the duiv of buvlnsr nothing mat is not m.ada In OreKon?" ny snouia we, If we can buy more cheaply aoroaa.' It would be Democratic treason. i THE DYIXG YEAR (First Voice) Come, bear him on his bier. His time draws near. (Second Voice) Oh, may he cursed be as the nends in hell! A wicked monster fell. Cause of my sorrow, pain and fear. (First Voice.) Revile him not How beautiful he lies! He was thy friend. The deep repose of labor-wearied eyes Bcseemshls end. (Second Voice.) How loathsomely he sprawls upon the bier. Haggard and gaunt; Pltilesss one who never knew a tear, But only vaunt. (First Voice.) Stubborn of heart and purblind, canst thou know Ma'pntte form? Like some old patriarch grand he lieth low. After life's storm. (Second Voice.) A tyrannous being, scornful, merciless. Whose greedy hand Took from me home and friends and happiness Alone I stand. (First Voice.) A will ungovernable resides in thee; Submit to fate; Strive to attain what Heaven would have thee be Before too late. Sweet Charity will sanctify the blows Received by thee. Michty he was. and to his fathers goes Eternally. (Second Voice.) What are those bells that clang so harsh and loud On midnight air? Their cllkmorous intonations - echoing proud I cannot bear. (First Voice) They are not harsh; their Joyful tones declare A new-born son: The year's last moment, youngest child and heir. Has life begun. ROBERT E. ETAUFFER. ' Wisdom of an Employer. Dallas (Tex.) News. "Do you men watch the clock?" "Not sloe 1 hired that pretty sttnograyher." In Other Days Half a Century Ago. From The Oregonlan of December 27, 1S85. John West has retired from tho foundry business at Albany, Or. John West continues to manufacture a first rate quality of lumber at his town on the Columbia, opposite Cathlamet In California a prison commission 1 being organized 20 paid at one time securing a life membership. In Oregon the taking of $20 is almost sura to entitle a man to- all the privileges. In side the institute, for at least one year. Dolph B. Hannah, former United States Marshal in Oregon under presi dent Buchanan and well known in Ore gon City and this city, has struck it rich at Owyhee. A year ago be be came interested In the Whisky Gulch ledge, then not considered very much above average, but through develop ment it has recently disclosed wealth equal to that of the Poorman. This is the third ledge, that is turning out sil ver In an almost pure state, but which Is classed among the ledges there as being "sliver-bearing quartz." Mrs. Lincoln has ordered in Zwickau. Germany, a monument for the grave of her husband, the lamented President. It is cut out of serpentina stone, of an obscure green color, in the form of a large die, and bears the simple In scription, "Abraham Lincoln." In the middle of October it was to have been forwarded by rail to Bremen, from whence It will be shipped to this coun try. Twenty-five Years Ago. From The Oregonlan of December 2T, 1S90. , London, Dec 25. The Russian gov ernment has ordered the expulsion of 11,100 Germans and Austrlans, the lat ter mainly Galiclan Poles employed by private firms in Poland. Professor S. T. Adams and wife, ot Forest Grove, and Professor J. P. Looney, of Hillsboro, have just been honored by the State Board of Educa tion with life diplomas. Rev. I. D. Driver will commence a series of five lectures lor men only at the Young Men's Christian Association beginning tomorrow. The subject for tomorrow will be "The Existence of God." Mrs. Edgar Coursen will sing. Peter Hansen, brother-in-law of City Treasurer Frank Hacheney, died yes terday morning at 2 o'clock from the effects of a fall received two weeks ago. W. D. Brown, ex-chief of the San Jose, Cal., volunteer fire department, was taken in charge Christmas day by some of the officers and members of the Portland Veteran Firemen's As sociation. Mr. Brown expressed him self delighted with Portland and the cordial reception that has been ac corded him here. Captain E. H. Jefferson, of the snag boat Skagit, which has been operating in the rivers along the Sound, is in the city. MARVELS OF SOTJJTD TRANSMISSION Air Vibrations Caused by Orchestra Wonderful If Visible. PORTLAND, Dec 26. (To the Edi tor.) Has the reader attended, at the Heilig Theater, one of the symphony concerts? Marvelous things transpire there. Not visible, all of them, to the natural eye, but more to the auditory sense. When that orchestra plays through the compass of the scale, the air in the room is In a torrent of commotion, cut into every complexity of vibration. Grave tones mingling with shrill, soft with full and strong, fundamentals mingling In great overtones; the whole flooding the ears of the listeners, with out confusion or discord. What Infinite diversity In utmost harmony: what incomprehensible ex actness vibrating all to the lowest and the highest: literally storming the soul with pleasurable emotions! Plainly speaking, it is the sensitive ness of the air to the tremors set in motion by the 50 instruments In the orchestra, transmitting their individual tone qualities swiftly and simulta neously to those present and listening. Some of the instruments in that or chestra; the harp, for instance record no less than 3000 vibrations to the sec ond, while the finer strings on the vi olin greatly exceed that Could those present see with the natural eye what actually takes place they would behold all the particles of the air agitated in tremendous sympathy, filling the space with swiftly expanding spheres of spectacular beauty. These forms, rap idly changing, are of the finest geo metrical beauty, verified by the per fect sounds produced. If that orchestra could be suspended by a cord In a vacuum, nothing would be heard; let In the air and all is changed. These air waves are all about us, taking hold of our highest life. All the delights of music, such as Vere ex perienced in the symphony concert; all the necessities and pleasures of speech, with the prattle of little children, are possible only by these moving air forms. The velocity and accuracy with which the human voice is carried with out wire conductors is just now bring ing to light astounding things. Certain it is, the air in these transmissions is not shot forth by the human voice as it is by the air-brake on the locomotive. It would seem, rather, that some co ordinating substance is present with the air waves, ether possibly, in car rying distinctly thousands of miles the human voice, as reported in recent ex periments. Who is not glad to live in an agi like this? OBSERVER. Dotlv, LACOMB. Or.. Dec. 25. (To the Edi tor.) Are David Belasco, Eugene Wal ter, Sir Arthur Pinero and George M. Cohan all playwrights or present-day dramatists? SUBSCRIBER. The terms mean the same. If you desire to distinguish between author ship and production of the work of others, it may be said that all are writers of plays and that all are, or have been, interested financially or in a managerial capacity with theaters. N Nrn Efficiency Acquired, PORTLAND, Dec 26. (To the Edi tor.) I notice that the Heilig Theater strike has been settled by allowing the superintendent to take out a card in the engineers' union. Does the fact that he holds a card make him more ef ficient? H. No. But why the question? The strike was not called because the union feared for the warmth or safety of the theater-goers. The Day After brings Its new myriads of wants. And it brings with it, too. many excellent and timely suggestions from the merchants. Some of these take the form of attractive special sales. And this means that the adver tising in The Oregonlan today is chock full of the llvest sort of live news. Tou have glanced through it, of course? If you have not you are probably missing something of importance. 1