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About Morning Oregonian. (Portland, Or.) 1861-1937 | View Entire Issue (Oct. 22, 1915)
12 m$Bz FOklLAXO. OBKJOS. Entered at Portland. Oregon. Postotflca. as second-clssa mAttef. Subscription Kates Invariably la advance. (By Mali. rtatly, Sunday Included, one year ...... Tjaiiy, tuuday Included, six months ..... Sunday Included, three months ... Xiiy, Sunday included, one month ..... - Z3ily, without Sunday, one year ........ o-uu ijaiir. without Sunday. ix momni ------ lily. without Sunday, uuee months Xatly, without Sunday, one month . , wly( one year flunaay. one year bunuay and Weekly, ona year .- o .... l.vti .... it-iO .... .i (By Carrier.) Dally, Sunday included, on year.. .Daily, Sunday inciuaed. on month..... ' Row to Bern It Send postofflca money or kt, express order or personal checH OB your local bank, stamps, coin or curreaoy ara at KtiiKri risk. Give poetofflue address In lull. Including county and state. PihU( Kates 12 to 1 pt(N. 1 eBtj to zz oitef. a centa: 24 to 4s pages, J cents, bo to ou pages, 4 cental Vi to 7 pages, a cents, 78 to 91 pagea, tt cents, soralgn postage, double rate. Eatera Business Office Verrea It Cook lin. Bruniwkk building. New York; Verree A Conklin, Kteger building, Chicago: Ban l'Yancnco representative. H. J. HldwaU. Market street. MRTMND, FBUJAY, OCTOBER tt, A WORD TO THE BENIGHTED EAST. New Jersey's rejection of woman suffrage probably presages a like re sult of the vote to be taken in New York. Massachusetts and Pennsyl vania. Those states have the largest proportion or the iwould-be American aristocracy, which corresponds to the British- Tories, who oppose all change because it is change. They also have a larger proportion of foreign-born people, who adhere to the traditional belief that woman is an inferior be ing, to be held in subjection by man as unfit to share the responsibilities of government. There the woman's anti-suffrage organization -probably has its greatest strength and influ ence. In opposing woman suffrage, the New York Times draws a comparison between those Western states which have adopted it and those Eastern states which are called upon to decide for or against it. It lists ten suffrage states, omitting California, for no bet ter reason than that,, "according to the testimony of a woman suffrage advocate, it adopted woman suffrage in 1911 against the wishes of a major ity of the women of the state, and Illinois, where since 1913 women may vote for all offices not created by the State Constitution." The Times then compares the total population of 5.8J7.918 in these ten "sparsely set tled" suffrage states with the 22, 6 81.973 people in Massachusetts, New York, New Jersey and Pennsylvania, and asks: la it from this handful of people that these four great states ara to learn the art of "Ideal democracy" and Improved govern ment'.' The Times then proceeds to charac terize the suffrage states in this lan guage: Kansas, with all Its virtues, has had from the first an emotional temperament, a dispo sition to shuilck-r at imaginary "calamity." to get wild over crank political specifics, to worship and then break grotesque political Idols. For many admirable things can the sunflower State be praised, but not for sound JtHlcment. The peace and orderliness of A'olnrado and Idaho haw not begotten envy in thae parts. Nevada as a state Is a monu ment of a supposed political necessity of the Civil War. Utah's long devotion to plural feminism is not forgotten. Arlaona wouldn't make two New York Aaiembly dis tricts. Oregon i the experiment station of all sorts of bewildering and bedeviling whimsies. The answer to the Times' question is that it is precisely from these and other Western states that the East has learned all that It has learned in many years back of "ideal democracy and improved government." Practi cally every progressive step in govern ment that has been taken in the East has been imitation of an example Bet hy the West. Jeer at the "crank po IttW-al specifics" of Kansas as it may New York has not had the courage which Kansas has shown to try and to discard new devices in government, and the general movement of that state lias been onward and upward. It ill becomes New York with its pangs and gunmen. Massachusetts with Its Irfiwrence strike riots, or New Jersey with its massacres of strikers by gunmen in the pay of employers to refer satirically to the "peace and Orderliness" of Colorado and Idaho. Vt-ih long ago abandoned formal polygamy, but New York's idle rich still practice informal, progressive polygamy by stealing or swapping wives. Arizona's practice of self -gov crnment in its infancy as a state will compare favorably with that of New York after a century and a quarter's experience. As for Oregon, we long since passed the experimental stage of our new governmental devices. We have voted limn the cranks and their theories so persistently that we have about rele gated the initiative and referendum to their proper place as "a gun behind the dour." to quote President Wilson. We have the recall, but we use It sparingly, and we have never recalled a .iu-lge. run even tried to do it. Colo rado is the only state, which has ari ptod the recall of judicial deci sions, and it found provocation in questionable decisions by judges which it inherited from the time when the methods of nomination and election w hereto New York showed the most tenacious devotion were still in vogue. Pass in review all the successive re forms of consequence for thirty years railroad regulation, anti-trust legisla tion, the secret ballot, direct primary, suppression of corrupt practices, the short ballot and various social better ment measures and we find that all had their origin in the West and have been.. taken up last by New York. If New York had bad its way, the West would have been a mere tributary province, feeding Wall street and the get-rlch-quick financiers who hang around It, and New York would con tinue to be bled in turn by first one. then the other of two rival political machines of which Tammany is the typo. As to the population, that is the poorest possible basis of comparison between states. The East has quan tity, but consisting mainly of a self created aristocracy and a horde of unasstmilatcd immigrants from all nations, who have been drafted into the sweatshops, slums and padrone R;tngs. The far West lacks quantity, but it has quality, consisting of a larger proportion of real American stock than any other section can bemst. The cream of the Eastern pop ulation settled the West and has more completely Americanized the htm.ll forelgn-)oru population than has the, crowded East. The West is still Imbued with the genuine spirit of '7 and Is chiefly instrumental in keep lnc democracy alive In the republic. fiy condemning woman suffrage as a failure on the ground that it has not improved the character of politi cal candidates and on the score of mistakes luaue by women voters, the Times betiiros Its ignorance or the motive which caused the Western states to enfranchise women. The vote was given to women, because that is their right. In general women voters have divided on the same lines as men were divided, but they have given a decided impetus to social betterment work. Their mistakes have been those of inexperience; and they will live and learn, as even New York does, though at a much slower pace. COJibCmjiCB MONEY. The people of Portland adopted the commission charter with their' eyes open at least to its salary provisions. They approved that section of the charter which fixes the Mayor's salary at $6000 and Commissioner's salary at $5000, with the expectation and Intent that there should be a (6000 Mayor and four $5000 Commissioners. Times may have changed Kmewhat in two and one-half years, but the public, we fancy. Is still quite willing, even anxious, to dig up 16000 for $6000 worth of service In the Mayor's office, and $5000 for $5000 worth of service In the office of. each Com missioner. The city is not an object of charity. If Mayor and Commissioners are giv ing full value for their salaries there Is no call for thorn to make a refund. Of course, if Mr. Daly or any other Commissioner feels, after having been in office for some time, that he is not capable of earning his pay, a con science contribution covering the past would be entirely proper. But as for the future, the $4000 Commissioner would much more properly resign and let there be appointed a $5 000 man. 1004 1908 1913. The Democratic party has long been gravely agitated over the obvious trend toward centralization of govern ment at Washington and the growing weakness of the states as units of po litical power in the Federal union. The fight for state rights was lost in 1861 65, but it has been renewed in the past decade in an effort to stay the Federal authority in its effort to encroach upon the legitimate and constitutional re served rights of the states. For ex ample, we And , that as long ago as 1904 the Democratic National, plat form contained this sharp rebuke of the Federal autocracy which was seek ing to gather for itself Control of the forty-eight states: We favor the nomination and election of President . . . who will set his face sternly against executive usurpation of leg islative and Judicial functions, whether that usurpation be veiled under the guise of ex ecutive construction of existing laws or whether it take refuge in the tyrant's plea or necessity or superior wisdom. - In 1908 the Democratic party was even more eloquent in its alarm over the drift toward centralization and the insidious and stealthy schemes of the bureaucracy to undermine the states: . We assort our confidence in and admira tion for the wisdom of the fathers in so organizing the Federal Government as to secure rule to the people of each state and we pledge ourselves to combat with in creasing vigilance the efforts of those who are striving by usurpation to selzo the. powers of the people of the state for ex ploitation by the Federal Government. W e are opposed to the centralization Implied In the suggestions now frequently made that the powers of the general gov ernment should be extended by executive and legislative action and by judicial con- tructlon. But the Democrats were beaten and the wicked Republicans contin ued ruthlessly their systematic as saults on the sovereign states. So in 1912 we find the Democracy returning to the attack in the following: Believing that the. most efficient results under our system of government are to be attained by the run exercise by the states of their reserved sovereign powers, we da-' nminoe as usurpation tho efforts of Our opponents to deprive the states of any of the rights reserved to them, and to enlarge and magnify by indirectness the powers of the Federal Government. The long battle for the states was at last won in 1912. In the intervening years what has the Democracy, firmly in the saddle at Washington through control of the Presidency and of Con gress, done to defeat the wiles of the plotters -who were by indirection seek ing to enlarge and magnify the pow ers of the Federal Government? 1XSP1BATION IN COLOR COMICS. Those prudish critics who discern eternal ruin for rising generations in every bounteous joy that seizes upon the juvenile affections should find re buke in the discovery made by a Chi cago Art Institute official. The foun tainhead of American art has been laid bare to his searching view and he has located this hope of our artistic future vn about the last place it might reasonably be looked for the comic supplement. If we are producing artists in large numbers, then we have the funny pa pers to thank, or blame, as the case may be. For here is where young America gets -the idea of drawing pictures long before the matter is taken up in prosaic class lessons. As the discoverer gauges the situation, little Willie acquires that enthusiastic interest in the comic which stimulates imitation. There comes a time when he is no longer satisfied with being a mere spectator. Ho must reproduce Out come pencil and paper and If eaid Willie has any inherited talent he startles the old folks with his por trayals. Oftentimes doting parents dis cover artistic genius where it doesn't exist. Anyway, Willie is encouraged to draw pictures, and this interesting pastime absorbs his idle moments, im proves his artistic instincts and, better still, keeps htm out of mischief. By the time Willie gets into the drawing classes at school he has ac quired quite an exalted opinion of his draftmanship and, he struggles through the mazes of perspective and first principles with the true artists disdain of mere technique. If the art virus is not eliminated by inter ests which appeal to his youthful-en thusiasm more powerfully, he gradu ally enters upon the second stage of the affliction and goes to art school. If persistent, he eventually becomes a real artist. - So far we have evolved an amazing quantity, if not quality, of artists and illustrators. Some have added to the world's truest-art. Some have written their names in large letters on the scroll of fame. Some few have oven achieved a livelihood from their brushes. So it is not too much to hope that in due tim from al! this number we shall produce a Raphael or a Michaelangelo. And when that day conies we shall be at something of a loss to know whether Polly and her Pals or Old Doc Yak should re ceive the credit. Now conies the Government with a plan to manufacture munitions in or der to reduce the cost. The question arises as to whether any saving will be made. It may be assumed that any such activities would be conducted by the Ordnance Department of the Army, and it is a well-know n fact that Armv officers haven't the tame expan sive idea of one man's allotment of daily energy that pervades civilian directors of workmen. Theoretically the plan is excellent, but we surmise that the Government, while assured of an excellent grade of munitions. will lose money in the field. TWO OBSERVERS. We all forget. We have forgotten the the old conflicts between the Mayor and Council. w e hare forgotten the stormy scenes that used to be enacted at the City Kail, due to prejudices, the differences, the Jealousies, the disposes and the controversies between the Council, or factions of the Cotmcil. and the executive. ... In con trast with this wild-animal show, we have a system of direct and efficient simplicity. Portland Journal. One would fancy from the antics at the City Hall that economy in the making; of a city budget was a- proprietary privilege, and that the right to be called the "bull economist" waa Invested with a certain political value neither to be overlooked nor neglected. It would not seem possible to pick five men. for a duty similar to that of budget-making, and applicable to private business, who coufd make such a cater wauling spectacle of the Job aa the City Commissioners have clone of this. Evening Telegram. Some contrast, what? 1 FOR ABUSED JX. STICK. There was a deep, though gently in flicted sting in the remark by Lord Reading to members of the New York Bar Association that their English cousins seek to administer law In the full understanding that it is really sec ondary to Justice. He did not elabo rate nor elucidate nor launch into comparisons and criticisms. Nor did he need to. The gentle impeachment hit the broad mark it must have been aimed at, for he put his finger on the weak point in American jurisprudence, the raw spot in American administra tion of law. It is pleasant to know that somewhere on earth the courts have released themselves from the hopeless fetters of technicalities and the clanging chains of rigid precedent. It is pleasant to be told that'some- where the evasive thought that Jus tice has a real place in the law pene trates to the understanding of magis trates. Such encouraging and hope ful spectacles, even though viewed from afar, inspire the hope that we may share one day in their enjoy ment. It may be that in some states and some courts of this land of freedom and higher humanity, abstract justice isn t measured by the micrometer of precedent and procedure. But they are the exceptions that prove the rule. Trigonometry is not more prescribed than the hard and. fast rules of law which govern many of our courts. Jus tice is not the kernel of the case. It turns on what may be found in the tomes which contain the fond tradi tions of the bench. In due course of time perhaps this dark habit will vanish before the light of truth and our courts may come to see that their function is not so much to unravel the tangled skeins of tech nicalities as it is to perceive the truth. When that light dawns justice will be come the spirit of the living law and our magistrates will deal in Justice rather than in the performance of legal gymnastics. Bench and bar should take Lord Reading's mild re buke very much to-heart and co operate in rehabilitating simple Justice as their professional ideal. OVB NEW NATAL PROGRAMME. The programme of naval expansion which is contemplated by Secretary Daniels and apparently is approved by President Wilson would carry out the plan recommended in 1903 by the General Board of the Navj', provided new ships were also built to replace those which became obsolete. The Board then proposed the building of two battleships a year, with the addi tion of a third every three years to replace obsolete ships, in order to attain a strength of forty-eight mod ern battleships in 1919. The Board assumed in this calculation that a ship becomes obsolete twenty years after completion. The navy now has built and build ing thirty-five battleships less than twenty years old. As Mr. Daniels pro poses the building of sixteen ships in the next five years, this would give us fifty-one in 1920, if none became ob solete. But in that time provision should be made for replacing seven ships, on the principle laid down by the General Board that "it is neces sary to lay down a replacement ship twenty years from the time of the laying down of the original ship.' These seven ships and the year in which their keels were laid are: Ala bama, Kearsarge and Kentucky, 1896; Wisconsin and Illinois, 1897; Maine and Ohio, 1899. Thus by completing twenty ships in the next Ave years we should attain the strength of forty eight modern ships, which the Gen eral Board held to be necessary in order to "provide and maintain at al times a fleet equal to or superior to that of any nation likely to challenge our policies." The Daniels programme falls five ships short of the General Board's plan. Had the General Board s recom mendations been followed consistently by Congress since 1903, it would not have been necessary to build at this accelerated pate during the next four years to attain the requisite strength in 1920. That end could have been gained by building two ships yearly and an additional one every three years. Congress fell in arrears by voting ore ship or none at all in some years, and the Board, sticking consistently to its programme, simply proposed three or four new ships a year in recent years in order to make good these arrears. The Government having once built up to the standard of forty-eight mod ern ships in 1920, it would suffice from that date to replace ships which be came obsolete, unless some nation likely to challenge our policies should put on a spurt with apparent purpose to overtake us. Whether that is likely hinges entirely on the outcome of the present war. Even if the victor should get a stiff indemnity and should engage in a navy-building race with us, we could stand the financial strain bettef than he, for any Indem nity he could exact would probably not exceed his own war debt, while the United States will have been vastly enriched by war profits and new foreign commerce. This would be so obvious to any rival that, if we showed a determination to maintain naval supremacy over him. he might despair or success in surpassing us and might not enter the race. ,Wc might then content ourselves ith replacing capital ships as they be came obsolete. We need then only lay down one new ship In 1920 to replace the Missouri, one in 1921 to replace the Georgia, two In 1922 to replace the New Jersey and Rhode Island, two. in 1923 to replace the Connecticut and Minnesota, and so on In addition to capital ships we are also greatly to enlarge our fleet of cruisers destroyers, submarines and auxiliaries in order to make a- we!l- balanced navy. Destroyers are placed 1 the General Board, and its judgment has been vindicated by the feats of such vessels in running down subma rines. On the face of the returns we have a largT fleet of the latter vessels, but the fate of the F-4, the rapid progress in improvement and the sen sational achievements of the German divers prove that many of the older vessels of this type are hopelessly out of date and that we must make large additions in order to replace obsolete vessels, adequately to protect our coast, to co-operate with the battle fleet and to prey on an enemy's com merce. The ten proposed scout cruisers are urgently needed, none having been provided for eleven years; so also are gunboats to navigate shallow waters, nearly all of our present flotilla being utterly out of date. More fuel, supply and repair ships are needed, for with out them a battle fleet may become impotent; the same statement is trite of tenders- for destroyer and subma rine flotillas. A Nation so deficient in merchant ships as the United States should also have a fleet of transports to carry troops, as our experience at Manila proved. The most urgent need of all is a naval air fleef such as Brit ain used on the Dardanelles and such as we entirely lack. For the first time in our history there is a prospect that we are to have an adequate Navy, complete in all its parts. Were the General Board's pro gramme followed out, as now seems to be the disposition of the Adminis tration, the permanent addition to our naval expenses would consist in main tenance and manning of the additional ships and in expenses of enlarged and additional Navy-yards. There need bo no increase, - and there might be a decrease, in construction expense, for this would be limited to replacement of obsolete ships,- unless some nation snouia Degin a navy-building race with us. Reference to the Progressive party as the creation of dissatisfied Repub licans has been embodied in a history used by the Boston grammar schools, only to bring a storm of protest from Progressives, who demand that the history be-discarded. Their theory must be that history should not deal with facts. But perhaps such state ments should not be embodied in a history of events. The apprqpriate place for recording the party might be in our natural histories as a sub division of bull moose. With the spectacle of Belgium trampled down by the invader and Ser'Ma undergoing the same treat ment, the allies cannot blame Greece for hesitating to invite a like fate. They came too late to save Belgium, they are coming too late- to save Serbia; might they not come too late to save Greece? The allies have destroyed confidence in them among the small states by always being laggards. The American Forestry Association did well to re-elect George M. Corn wall secretary. It is the secretary who always does the bulk of the work in an association, and Mr. Cornwall is obsessed with forestry and the one man on this Coast to handle the propa ganda. Serbia, bleeding' from the onslaught of multitudinous foes, is so hard put for men that wounded soldiers are being sent to the front, to fight again. The women and chitdreh will be next in line if the grim Serbian spirit of resistance continues unabated. According to a high German official peace will come in the Spring tit the German price. Still his assurance is no more certain than that which Jfitchener once gave us that the war wbuld begin" 'May last. Britain would give Cyprus for the military help of Greece, while Russia would cede an island to Japan for munitions. Which would appear to indicate a realization on their part that help is needed. Munitions manufacturers are not getting all the business. The Illinois Central has placed an order in Ohio for fifty-nine locomotives, to cost $1,500,000. The good times are mov ing westward. Observers report clouds of s.noke ssuing from Mount Hood. Which leads to speculation as to whether it was Mount Hood or the observers which did the smoking. According to the decision of an Illi nois magistrate the law against hazing is rank class legislation. Under-class legislation, he probably means. If Wilson, a widower, thinks this has been a year of discipline, as he says in Jiis Thanksgiving proclama tion, let us wait for the next. An Italian drive is announced, and in the absence of details we assume that the commander end his staff are out in their limousines. The cranks are threatening Gov ernor Spry, of Utah, and the pity of it is one of them may be crasy enough to try to "get" him. At last the American flag has been saluted at Vera Cruz. But not, you will observe, until we had saluted the Greaser flag. Economy for the other fellow ap pears to be the theory of the City Commissioners in their budget cut .ting. The war tangle is getting worse Women window cleaners in London are wearing men's apparel. Albert of Belgium virtually tells the Pope he has not been whipped enough and does not want peace. If Greece takes Cyprus for helping the allies, Turkey will take it away on the first opportunity. Woodbu'rn is to have a city election next month, but. alas, the old-time issue is eliminated! Meanwhile Russian wheat is stay ing where it is doing most good to th American farmer. St. Louis wants both big convention next year. She really is worse than Seattle. Mount Hood's janitor has consulted the calendar and Is stoking up. Islands have become the current coin of belligerent commerce. Suppose this city goes one year with out the band concerts. The path of the Land- Show will be ' bluze of' glory. European War Primer By Rational Geograsslcal Society. Monastir. picked as the latest war capital of Serbia, as a stronghold where the enemy is never expected to arrive, is the last place in Serbia, hard upon tne ureek rrontier. and defended by lesser mountains on every hand. It was one of the most prized acquisitions made by the Serbians after the war in l12 of the Balkan League with the Ottoman Empire. By means of schools, propaganda, Serbian committees and Serbian priests, the people of all this southern territory were long carefully prepared for an ultimate union with the little kingdom. The Serbians pursued the same tactics here that the Bulga rians and Qreeks pursued for years in their endeavors to win the upper hand in the Turkish provinces of Macedonia. Monastir was to the Serbian ambitions what the port of Saloniki was to the Greeks and the Bulgarians. Monastir. was the second city of Turkish Macedonia. It did a thriving business, even under Turkish rule, and the Serbians entertain great hopes for its future. Moreover, this mountain city is one of the important strategic points in the Balkans, and. when under Turkish rule, it was made a base of military defense and offense of the same rank as Adrianople. Here were located the headquarters offices of a Turkish army corps: for the roads from the port of Saloniki, on the Aegean Sea: from the port of Durazzo, on the Adriatic Sea: from Nish) the ancient capital of Serbia, and from the impor tant fortress, Adrianople, met and crossed here. The Serbians have strengthened the defensive works of the city since their occupation, and it is today an Important factor in the keep ing of ways open between Serbia and Greece and Serbia and Albania. The jcity nestles in a bowl scooped in the mountain clusters at altitude of 2019 feet. To the-west the mountains rise to a height of more 8000 feet. All the mountain country around Is heav ily wooded, while the broad valley is carpeted, with fruitful fields. The port of Saloniki, where the allied troops landed. Js but 85 miles distant in the southeast. Constantinople is 400 miles to the east. Belgrade is 260 miles to the north, and Nish 155 miles. Tho nearest point of the Bulgarian frontier, at Strumltza, is only 65 miles away. A railway line connects Monastir and Saloniki, with' which city -most of the Serbian town s trade is done. The ex port products of all Southern Serbia are assembled at this place and sent to the Grecian port, while the imports are distributed from the same center and from Uskup. The city has a population of 60,000 and an annual trade of the value of $2,000,000 during normal times. Considerable gold and silver work. lor export is done here, but the staples of Monastlr's commerce arc flour, grain. cloth, skins, tobacco and carpets. The town has large barracks, a military hospital and a number of progressive educational Institutions. CONVENTIONS HINDER MATRIMONY Common Sense Methods Would Result In More Domestic llarmsny. . PORTLAND. Oct. 21. (To the Ed itor.) Your editorial page will become more popular than ever if the "lonely ones" keep on "speakin" right out in meetin'." 1 am also "one of them." A few years ago a number of such letters appeared in The Oregonian and I have cften wondered if any "two souls with but a single thought" were brought together as a result. It. is a really sad thing for both men and women to long lor congenial com panionship, more especially so after they have reached the age when mor tals realize the true meaning of home." If we would adopt the same common sense methods in this "busi ness of life" as we do in other ven tures. I believe there would be more domestic harmony than there is. I have frequently met women on the streetcars, attending lectures, etc., for whom I felt an attraction, and, after "breaking the ice," have entered into conversation and, in any number of cases, have formed warm friendships. In my journcyings about, alone often times and in company with a girl or lady friend, have seen men with whom I would enjoy talking and I have often studied their faces and seemed to read written thereon a "loneliness" such as T was experiencing. But. dear me, "one das'ent speak to strange men." Someone has said, and very truly, that one is never so much alone as when in a crowd of strangers. We pass each other on the street, scarcely rec ognizing our fellow man as one of our kind. We go to church, lecture, mu sical or show alone, and how much more real good we could derive from what we have seen and heard if we had a congenial friends to talk things over with. It is a real calamity that so many real men and women are to night sitting melancholy and alone, al though they may be among people in boarding-house or private family roomer. A single woman asks about' the statement often made that men prefer the butterfly or fluffy ruffled girl or woman. My observance leads me to believe that is the case with not a few otherwise sonsible men. and if they get a "lemon, whose fault is it? A girl or woman can dress neatly and in good taste and yet be able to keep house and prepare a well-cooked meal and in other ways make a home, but the fluffy ruffled, pink-cheeked sort nine times out of ten either can't or won't. Our brother man knows It, yet they are the kind that have the easy time, and when friend husband wants a steak he can enjoy he goes to his favorite grill. And so the sensible girls and women, who long to meet the sensible man, will keep on longing and being sensible. And tnere you are. Such letters as have appeared in The Oregonian 1 believe are from men and women of good morals and high ideals. They ore not seeking "just someone. ' but the "right one.' The thought of proper mating is in the air. Our min isters' preaching upon the subject has started something that may result in an increase of work for them. Keep on writing, friends, and who knows but we may yet form a sort of mutual admiration society? MRS. ELINOR W. War In Europe. WELLS. Or., Oct. 20. (To the Edl tor.) (1) Kindly publish specific causes for the present European war. (2) Under whose rule waa Servia gov erned? (3) Please name the countries now engaged In the war, and state w-hich country each one is helping. AN INTERESTED READER. The specific or concrete causes of the war were in fact the remote ones. Un derlying them fundamentally were the influences of divergent racial and po litical interests of the Slav and Teu tonic peoples. The conflict long feared was precipitated by the assassination of the Austrian Archduke Francis Ferdinand and his wife at Sarajevo. Austria ascribed the deed to a pan- Slavic conspiracy, centered in and coun tenanced by Serbia. Diplomatic ex changes occurred culminating in an ultimatum by Austria to Serbia, only partly complied with. Austria declared war on Serbia and the other nations have been drawn in by racial and polit ical ties, treaty alliances, territorial and commercial aspirations, fears of aggression or perhaps other elements. (2) Serbia is an independent King dom. (3) On one side sue allied Germany, Austria-Hungary. Bulgaria and Tur key: on the other, Russia. Serbia, France, Great Britain, Belgium, Monte negro; Japan and Italy. TERM ORIGIXALLY BOOK TITLE France of 191-f Born Ta-orouanly A: es From "As Pays de In Revanche." MOUNT ANGEL, Or.. Oct. 19. ,To the Editor.) I send you this answer to the following question- of "A Student": "Tell me the source of the metaphor "Pays de la Revanche." used by "A Reader." "Since the war of 180 the French have looked forward to a war of re venge for the recovery of Alsace and Lorraine, and apply this phrase to those provinces." The Oregonian, October 14. The cession of those provinces to Germany was the result of an accord between Thiers and Bismarck. In the sessions of February in and March 1, 1871, the French government ratified that bargain. Among 800 representa tives. 546 pacifists "at any price" voted this dismemberment. Germany having taken nothing, France had nothing to retake nor to revenge. The idea of revenge was born from the defeat of Sedan (September 1, 1870). This was' the nucleus for the spirit of revenge. From 1875 the French realized the impossibility to in vade Germany. It is therefore an in sult to them to name France the "Pays de la Revanche." in i3.) tne pacinsL propaganda, or ganized by the occult society for Ger many, had completed her work. No more patriotic enthusiasm nor civ energy' in France, the national defense is Impoverished. The author cham pion publishes his "Army Without i Head"; Ferdinand de Lesseps is ac cused with immunity by a clerk of the newspapers of Paris to be "a phantas tic worthlessness." The powers refuse to take French diplomacy seriously. The Cincinnati paper. Commercial, de nies the civilizing influence of France. Another publication, the Inquirer, sug gests "to wipe out that country from amongst-the nations." But the crush ing of France would mean Germaniz ing the bordering nations, and Switz erland is alarmed. To all admonitions and warnings the French -f 1885 are deaf and blind. Who will cure them of their short sightedness, show them, how to return to their national traditions, to make good, use of their colonies, to clear themselves of f unctionarism and bu reaucracy, to transform their public in struction, to undertake their moral re form that must influence the other re forms? Three Swiss of French and Catholic lineage took the chance. Up to that time, in order to be read in France, you had to have a German name and to possess the title of Doktor. The three Swiss filled the conditions and, moreover, knew how to infuse them with German idiosyncrasy. They wrote 290 pages of Irrefutable facts, figures and proofs under this title: "Au Pays de la Reavanche, ' and signed "Dr. Rommel." During 12 years this boclt and its autnors were Jeered at ir. Germany, abased in Switzerland and reviled in France. But, on March 10, 1898, the celebrated writer, Jules Lemaltre, member of the French Academy and president of the Ligue des Patriotea, published in the Figaro his famous es say, "The Profitable Enemy." Here are Ilia conclusions. The "Pava de la Revanche" is one of the best books published on France. You must medtta-te that ferocious text. N o German has shown himself to he so ma licious, wlttv and outrageous. Each para graph ia a slao or a knife-thrusl. The style Is slavering with drivel, and reeking with gall. Hut tnt observations are accn rate, the diagnosis Just: the author dips his hand in the fcrench abeese. As a wnoie. this book is truo. Let us humble ourselves. We are at the lowest stage. I confess that. L.et ua read the abominable but beneficent book of Doctor Rommel; let us buy it; let us distribute It: Ut us make the fortune of that man. lie deserves it. Jules Lemaitre was listened to. The French followed the advice of the three Swiss authors, A. L, magistrate; A. P., financier; L M., satirist. Their book was surnamed "The Missal of Sar casm." Recently a writer of Berlin declared: The France of 1914 was born thor oughly armed from the book of Dr. Rommel. Such is the genuine source of the metaphor "Au Paye do la Revanche." A READER. Vae for Pine Pitch. BEND. Or.. Oct. 20. (To the Editor.) Can you advise me the uses of pine pitch and if there Is a market for the pitch taken from Central Oregon yellow pine? P. B. Pine pitch is sometimes distilled for the- oils and the turpentine that can be obtained from it. Most turpentine taken from pine pitch comes from the Southeastern part of the United States and Georgia and Florida have many of such 'distilleries. There are none in this part of the country. Desertion of Relatives. Birmingham (Ala.)' Age-Herald. 'Why are you asking me for help? Haven't you any close relatives'." "Yes. That's the reason why I'm appealing to you." A Rattled Rancher's Plaint By James Barton Adams. I'm worried an' rattled an" flustered, my brain's in a sort of a whirl. Like every wheel was a-buzzin' ac count o' that notionate girl. An' mother she says that she reckons when God in his infinite grace Was flllin' his orders for babies he left the wrong kid at our place. We're common an' plain an' ol'-fash- ioned, an' mightily sot in our ways. While she is high-toned in her notions an chases up every craze; She seems to regret she's related by blood to her mother an mc Since Mariar got back from the city an' eays we must call her Mah-ree. Afore I was struck with the notion. that, now seems the dream of a fool. Of sendin' her off to be finished in a big edicational school, There wasn't a girl on tho ranches could down her in all-around work In washin' an' sweepin' an' milkln her ma never kno'ved her to shirk. She'd' help her ol dad with the feedin' an' my bosom with pride ust to swell To he"ar her sweet voice all a-rlngin' with song in the barn an' corral. But now Jes' the smell o' the cattle '11 make her as sick as kin be. Since Mariar got back from the city an' says we must call her Mah-ree. She uses big words in Iier talkln' in vented since I went to school. Linked up like a log chain together an' spoken accordin' to rule. An' slings in some French as a dressin' to flavor the flow of her talk. Till nobody ever'd think her a chip from 'this family block. She talks of a glorious futur', of tri umphs she's goin' to git. With talents she calls hlsteronic. an" says she is goin' to flit In glory acrost the ho-rizon o' fame, an' it's worryin' me. Since Mariar got back from t:.e city an" says we must call her Mah-ree. . She sasslly calls me her pawpaw, when sho knows I'm her nateral dad, A name she regarded as sacred afore she got hit with the fad. But now she allows it is vulgar, an' says it's an ol-sylete word. An' "mam" is a horrible utt-rance, in excusably rude an' absurd. You'd think from her ilighty-like no tions an' hearin' her high-ciaddy talk That she was a thorrerbrc-d heifor cor raled with the scrubbiest stock. An' that is tho painful reflection that worries her mother ar.d mo. Singe Mariar got back from the city cn' says we must call her Mah-res. Twenty-five Years Ago From The Oregonian, October 23. ISsO. Odessa, Oct. 21. In accordance with he Czar's enforcement of the anti Jewish law ttll .ltwa in XT ! - W - . - -n.iii, iicii wcro today ordered to leave that city. Also ..t oc-ws in AKtrnan. ;s miles from lore, have been ordered to leave that .own. Vienna. Oct. 21. A oroijosal ha. k. submitted to the lower Austrian Diet ' intense ine amy on American weavers' spools in retaliation for the aiijit:) Dill. Paris, Oct. 21. Bernhardt'-! nrnihir. tion of "Cleopatra" has been postponed until Thursday. Chicago. Oct. 21. Anarchists .re making arrangements to commemorate with appropriate service tho anniver sary of the hanging of the Haymarket anarchists on November 11. Louisville. Oct. 21. World's cham pionship games: Louisville 9. Brooklyn The 125 box cars and 73 flat cars purchased for the Oregoniau railway in anticipation of the change of the track from narrow to standard gauge are now arriving from the East. As the track of the Oregonian road has not been changed, the cars as they ar rive will be turned over to the South ern Pacific and will be used by that company till the Oregonian is ready for them. The work of paving north Front street will be begun this morning. The contractor, John Burke, has a very fine lot of stone blocks on the grounds, but he has had some difficulty in se curing a force of pavers. LIFE ONE BIG GAMBLE, ANYWAY Marriage Often Reverses Character. So Why Not Take Chancer INGL1S. Or.. Oct. 20. (To the Edi tor.) I didn't know the world was burdened with so many sensible single men and women with a grievance. Some males desire a "cute, pretty but terfly" for a wife, says one writer. But all men desire a companion and help meet. Sometimes the most flighty butterflv makes the best wife. And sometimes the shiftless and spendthrift boy makes an A No. 1 husband. When a man marries and becomes a father, that unsatisfied aimlessness usually disappears. The responsibility of raising a family brings out the best in a man or, in some exceptional cases, the worst. How is a woman to tell which will develop? Search me! The only way I know is to take a gambler's chance and find out by experience. Life at its best is only a big gamble. The trouble with a great many peo ple is in their own mind. They estab lish an Impossible ideal, and then com plain because it cannot be realized. Ideals and realities never correspond. it will soon be leap year. My advice to these people, male or female, is: Make love to the first unmarried per son of the opposite sex that you can get within speaking distance. At least you will have gained some new experi ences, and that spells life in big letters. As for training our girls to be good wives. I say Impossible. Will your daughter marry a banker, merchant, farmer, salesman or anyone of numer ous others? The duties would be en tirely different in each case. Cooking, washing and other accomplishments do not make a good wife. They may help, but they can be acquired. Go into the home of a successful man. The wife may not be working, but everywhere you will find the effeot of her person ality. Two heads are better than one. Lives of great men all remind us tYhat a lot we owe bur wives. . Little women get behind us. And make something of. our lives: So take a chance and put your hand in life's big grab bag, and "If at first you don't succeed, try, try again." A MARRIED MAN. THE TRAPPERS' BONES. (In The Oregonian October 19, 1913, an Item from Canyonviile, Or., related how a trapper, with his leg caught in a big bear trap, perished alone and miserably in tv.o forest 17 years ago, as revealed by '.he finding of a skeleton wilti a bone he-M in the rusted trap.) Aa dauntless as the game he sought, (His fate we'll not forget) A trapper unawares was caught - In a trap that he had set (A grim, inglorious death to die) Where none could hear his moans: A score of years have circled by. And now we find his bones. , i Perhaps the searchers came that way. Up nearly to the place Where dead, or dying, there he lay,- Yet saw they not his face. The stately firs waved high o'erhead And swished their spines and cones Upon the bosom of the dead. Where now we find his bones. Mayhap a sweetheart vigil kept Whene'er the postman came: Mayhap a mother sat and wept And murmured o'er his name; But no one e'er that silence broke In glad or sadder tones. Until at last that silence spoke. Disclosing his poor bones. The roots he clutched in either fist, The grass whereon he lay. Like cheeks he'd kissed ere he was missed. Have faded now away. Perhaps his claim to earthly fame (One of the great unknowns) Is that we're guessing at his name Because we found his bones. If wild beast can. perchance e'en yet They whine a Haman story. Relating how the trap he set Redounded to their glory; While human kind will have In mind His sufferings and groans When thinking of the gruesome find The finding of his bones. We know not whether well or ill His earthly course he ran (He must have sinned, as mortals will Because he was a man). If there's a chance again to live. If heavenly love atones, O God, the sins of him forgive Whose life was in these bones. SDGAR MANLY MUM FORD. Not Question of Race. PORTLAND. Oct. 21. (To the Ed itor.) (1) If my grandparents came from England and my parents were both born In the United States, what nationality am I? (2) What is an American? Some claim the Indian is the only real American. E. A. 1. American. 2. American nationality concerns po litical solidarity rather than ethnolog ical extraction. In that sense an American is one who was born in or owes allegiance to the United States. Ethnologlcally, the Indian is the only true American. ' Pay-lp Day Prenowed. PORTLAND. Oct. 21. (To the Ed itor.) We have had various tag days, apple days, peach dayi and dress-up days, and now 1 would suggest that we have a "pay-up day." On that day we should all pay up all the rent, in terest, grocery bills, drug bills, cloth ins? bills, c-t al., and we would oil b-a happy. 1 aope the Chamber of Com merce will take up this matter and see that it goes. R. M. TUTTLE. Aparfmeiit-Hiaise fT'facnarr. Louisville Courier-Journal. "Many change:? in your apartment house this October?" "Ve. vir. me chanical piano-players have rean moved out"