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About Morning Oregonian. (Portland, Or.) 1861-1937 | View Entire Issue (Oct. 20, 1915)
10 THE 3IORXING OKEGOXIAN. WEDNESDAY. OCTOBER 20, 1915. rOKTLAND, OREGON. Entered at Portland. Oregon. Postorfice, s second-class mailer. Subscription Baui invariably In advance. (By MU. ) Pally, Sunday lnelnded. one year 5 J? Xaily, Sunday included, six month! ..... jjsliy. Sunday included, three nionlha ... Daily, sundav included, on month, ..... -o ally, without Sunday, one year -W Xa!ijv without Sunday, six moiitha ally, without Sunday, three months .... u TJaily, without Sunday, one inuntb. i...-. Weekly, one year Sunday, one year -Sunday and Weekly, one yoar (By carrier. 1 Daily, Sunday Included. u year V 0O aily. Sunday iacliaed, one month..... Hew to Remit Send poctoffice money or der, express- order or personal check: on your local bank, stamps, coin or currency are at sender's risk, tiive posturflca addreaa in full, including- county aad state, Pontage Kates 12 to 14 pases. 1 cent: IS to 2 pages. Z cents; 34 ta 43 vases. 3 cents; 50 to pases. 4, cents; a to 7a uagee. a cents. 78 to 93 pages, 6 cents. foreign postage, double rates. Eatem Business Offices Verree & Conk, lin. Brunswick bulldiru. New York; Verree B Conklin, steser building, Chicago; ban Francisco representative. H. J. Bidwcll. J Market street. PORTLAND, WEDNESDAY. OCT. 20, 1915. WHY OT. INDKE11? Thv not apply the principle of the refer endum lo the question of war, and let the ppnnle decide at an election whether the maiter in dispute Justifies a declaration ol wsr? From tho sayings of W iUlain Jen nings Bryan. If we make the extreme assumption that a nation, irritated to the point of war with us, will be polite enough to wait till we wake up and make up our minds whether we are, or are not, too proud to fight, what then? If we should vote against war we should, of course, agree to any con ditions, however obnoxious, or hu miliating, or costly, imposed upon us by our antagonist. If we vote for war, after a protracted campaign, we te'rve notice upon the world that we are about to go against a, nation which has undoubtedly been using five interim devoted by us' to discus-fcioft- for energetic and adequate pre paredness. A sorry showing we should wake. Of course, Mr. Bryan would not sug gest that a citizen attacked by a mad dg should hold a mass meeting of his friends to see what he should do. How is it when a world's outlaw is at large? But Mr. Bryan is not so silly as he appears to be. lie thinks that if the people get a chance to vote on the question of fighting, they will never fight. But is it true? We think not. It was not true in '76, nor in '61, nor in '98. It would scarcely be true in the future, when the vital interests of the Nation were in volved. THAT BOOX. The alarmed pacifist whose letter, published today, asserts, as though it were an acknowledged fact, that war waa declared on Spain "in order to elect McKinley," cannot be very strongly inbued with either patriotism or a knowledge of recent history. - The first year of McKinley's Ad ministration had barely ended when the Spanish-American war began, and the conflict was over before he had been in office two years. His popu larity had not wanefl, nor showed signs of waning, before the war. The question s to his re-election was nearly three years ahead and was not a matter of discussion by politicians er anyone else. When one has such wild ideas about history and so little faith in the morality of his own Government, it Is not surprising to find him combat ing the bogy of "warlike prepara tions on a gigantic scale." Nobody has suggested euch a thing. The reasonable measure of preparedness now advocated would not cause Canada and Mexico to fortify their borders and enter into a military race with us. The value of fortifications has been nullified by the experiences of the European war. Our active military resources have long exceeded those of Canada, Our Navy has long ex celled in fighting power the com bined navies of the Western Hemis phere. These circumstances have not caused competitive military ef forts north or south of us. An apparently aggressive military preparation naturally would cause dis trust among America's neighbors, but defensive preparedness proportionate to our risks would not. The latter is all that is proposed. ONLY A RESP1T15 is GIVEN. It is necessary to remember that, while every American industry which can profit by the war is enjoying great prosperity, and while other industries have become active through with drawal of foreign competitors from the field, this condition is abnormal nd temporary. The normal conditions were those which prevailed during the 10 months preceding the war and sub sequent to enactment of the Under- ood tariff. When the war ends, those conditions will return, modified by the changes which the war will have wrought. By the experience of those ten months we must judge whether they would be welcome and should be permitted.. A good example ia the woolen industry. During the first fceven months of 1913, whilo the Underwood tariff was under discus sion, the United States imported cloth and dress goods to the value of ii 751, JT7. During the first seven months of 1814, while the Underwood tariff was in operation and before the war began, this total grew to ?1.",SS2, 756. During the first seven mii.ths of 1913, while war was raging and after hosts of men in Europe had b-ien withdrawn to the fighting line -r to the manufacture of war munitions, the total was 14,751, U77, or nearly two millions more than in the period preceding the war. The fulfilment of contracts made prior to August, 1914, accounts for this increase over the seven months of 1913. Had peace con. tinued, there would probably have been a large increase over the great total for 1914, one selling agent stat ing that on a tour among Qerman and Austrian textile sellers in the Summer of 1914 he ordered ten times his customary quantity of dress goods. He still has a large stock, and quanti ties of men's goods are still coming vut of bond. The plain inference Is that the tvar has given the woolen industry nothing but a respite from the disastrous ef fects of the Underwood tariff. The activity which marks the New Eng. lnd mills would not prevail, had not Kurope stopped work to fight, and When Europe stops fighting many American mills will stop running, un less in the meantime the American people fortify their industries against invasion. That which is true of the woolen industry is equally true of ninny other industries. The Democrats of Masaclmsatts. the great woolen manufacturing rtate. doubtless, realize this fact. That ace counts for their silence about the tar iff in their platform. President Wil son is said by the aoston Commercial Bulletin to be growing "a little skep tical of the value of his party's tr.riff performance." Secretary Redfield "now begins to see the possibility that the United States will become a dump ing ground for Europe after the end of the war and is nervously soliciting suggestions from American business men for the country's industrial de fence." Other Democratic leaders ore equally apprehensive. But Massachu setts Republicans do not hesitate to say that "the Democratic tariff is a failure in revenue as in business," that industry languished under it and that "the spasmodic and scattered war con tracts are a poor substitute for the secure and steady markets under pro tection." The Democrats would like to smother the tariff issue, but the Re publicans, having a clean-cut policy, push it to the front. They call for a tariff commission to adjust the tariff to post-war conditions. The people do not desire a return to the condi tions of the first half of 1914, for they have not a pleasant memory of that period. NOW FOR POLITICS. The Jackson Club having resolved firmly on the Ferris bill and per mitted the women of the organization to congratulate the President on his conversion to woman suffrage when presented as a state issue, it may be safely inferred that that political or ganization is gradually edging toward a stand on political issues. Perhaps the next important action will be an Indorsement of Senator Chamberlain's ideas on military pre paredness or a resolution backing the President in his programme for Na tional defense. Sad to relate the Democratic newspaper organ is not in sympathy with such momentous Democratic policies, but the Jackson Club, being always independent and fearless, will come through. Who can doubt it? Thereafter, if nothing else" along constructive lines is in sight, we timid ly suggest that the Jackson Club take up the Democratic platform for 1912 and discuss it as the basis for the party platform of 1916, not for getting which, of course, the club will not to consider the planks relat ing to Panama- tolls, single-Presidential term, economy. Presidential pri maries, state rights, and the remark able utterances on bureaucratic res ervation of public lands. IN AN OLD-FASHIONED STATE. " There is a strange familiarity about the question which the Baltimore Sun asks in double leads: "What could a Republican Governor do with a Demo cratic Legislature?" The impulse to ask what is the matter with a Demo cratic Legislature is natural enough, and the Sun anticipates it by proceed ing to show that the "last Legislature made a creditable record for construc tive and progressive legislation, al though the Republicans are trying to prove it the sum of all abominations for exceeding the speed-limit in the matter of appropriations." We take it that the Sun accepts the new and interesting Democratic doctrine that the true test of efficient government is not what it costs, and that a high tax levy is really no cause for complaint, but of congratulation. That is the latest Oregon idea, now finding apparent acceptance in far off Maryland. The occasion for the Sun's some what belligerent inquiry about a Re publican Governor is evidently the fact that a Republican candidate is making an appeal for election on the ground that he would hold level the balances in state government better than a Democratic Governor with a Democratic Legislature. There is nothing novel about that argument, for It has long been used in Oregon, except that there has been a tearful plea to elect a Democratic Governor to hold down a Republican Legisla ture. That theory of a proper adjust ment of forces in government is prob ably not original in Oregon, but it has had considerable vogue here. But when the situation is reversed, we find it is vehemently opposed by the Democrats, as in Maryland. We assume that it is not the fashion in Maryland for the Democratic press to traduce the Legislature. They seem to think there that there is still a reason for representative govern ment formed by representatives elect ed by the people from the various counties or districts. Thev have evi dently no notion of abolishing the senate, or both Houses, and they are fairly well satisfied that the people are competent to elect suitable men to act for them at the State Capital. But, as we have intimated, Maryland is quite an old-fashioned state. DARWIN'S LOVE PUZZLE. Those dire pessimists who have claimed that love, while not -without rhyme, is entirely without reason are directed to a little volume lately off the press in which there is presented an intimate view of the great Darwin. This volume, a biography of Emma Darwin by her daughter, first takes up the great scientist when, with his spurs yet to win in the jungles of South America, he began calling on Emma, then Emma Wedgewood. It was after their marriage that Mrs. Darwin discovered and preserved her methodical husband's prenuptial re flections in which he placed the mat ter of matrimony under his analytical scrutiny, weighing advantages and dis advantages and finally drawing his conclusions. The old memoranda show that he set down on one side of the proposi tion: "Children, constant companion in old age. charms of music and female chit-chat," but per contra, "Terrible loss of time if many children, forced to gain one's bread; fighting about no society." Thus he arrayed the con tending factors and no doubt the harsh dictates of reason won for the moment, only to drive him Into rebel lion against the tyranny of sheer logic since we find him exclaiming, "My God! It is intolerable to think of spending one's w hole life like a neuter bee. working, working, and nothing after all. No, no, won't do. Marry, marry, marry. Q. E. D." How well his logic served him. how keen an insight into the future he had, were revealed by later events. Ten children were the Darwins" lot. His wife was fond of the theater. The children were exceptionally fond of their father. Hence he was often hard put to find uninterrupted periods for concentration in his work. Aa far the struggle to find bread he had less of that than might have been expected, although it never ceased to be some what difficult. Yet it turned out that he was correct in his revolt against slavery to work. His family life was one of rare beauty and as age crept on and life's laurels had been won, he found his greatest refuge in wife and children. His dying thought. fee lay serenely facing the Dark Valley, were of his family and their long, happy days together. It is not difficult to picture those last days, had cold reason directed him in pre-nuptial hours. Alone, the bitterness of a vacant old age fast upon him, he must have gone forth from the world feeling that he had given much for and received little from bis sojourn here below. H THE WAB INNOVATIONS. Brute force has been exported out of .existence so often that one has grown accustomed to, if not positively wearied by, the Idle prophecies of whilom scientists who foresee the overthrow of established fighting methods in this new device or the other. Long hefore the present war burst upon the world, warships had been ruled offj the seas and armies off the land by various expediencies for curtailing fighting monsters of the past. The torpedo-boat had come to naught along with the destroyer and the high explosive. While serving a useful purpose in war they had not greatly modified combat. The pro phets, undismayed, turned to the pres ent war with fresh assurance, and not long ago Naval men of note were pre dicting the end of dreadnoughts in the advent of submarines. A year passes and the submarine remains a mere accessory of the battle by cea. Aerial warfare was put forth as a thing of wonderful possibilities. What would happen when Zeppelins dropped tons of dynamite on London? It has happened the death of a few non combatants and the destruction of a tenement house or two. Aside from value in reconnoisssnce and in direct ing artillery fire, the aeroplane has had no particular efficiency, while the high explosive guns have failed to do more than beat down concrete fortifi cations. As In the past, the issue Is man and steel. The climax Is reached at the point of the bayonet by land. At sea the heaviest guns, .deadliest gunnery and swiftest heels claim - the day. Some Innovation gives one side or other a temporary advantage, but the enemy quickly devises effective means of meeting the situation. Even un ingenious England solved the problem of the submarine. Toys will continue to afford some diversion and minor losses in war. but brute force bids fair to remain god of the battlefield. DIVIDED INTEREST AT COLLEGE. With some show of pride a Phila delphia statistician points to the fact that some 300 young men are working their way through college in that state. The Incident is interpreted as a dis play of the rugged virtues of Penn sylvanians and as a portent cf future greatness to be expected from . that stale. Self-made men are the men of the world, according to some homely philosophers, and the preponderance of young men who are struggling against adversity in order to get an education on nothing-a-year is taken as a hopeful sign. It must be set down as truth that young men of unusual worth, perse verance and other inherent virtues are predestined to success in this some what unwilling world. It is likewise true that the young man of native worth will overcome adversity even to the point of working his way through college when necessary. But by. work ing his way through college he is at a disadvantage, and this must be re garded as a drawback rather than an asset. It would be far better for him if he could borrow the necessary money or could lay by a sufficient store in Summer months for the Win ter's work. Then he would be able to give to his studies that undivided in terest and energy which college ce serves. College days are development Cays. They are the formative period of Jife, the days when character and ideals are molded as well as lessons learned. The man who must turn from the schoolroom to the tedious task of earn ing subsistence has no time to broaden and absorb. He is not gaining the same benefit from his schooling that others of like stability receive. Place two men of equal capacity In the col lege and it is a sound conclusion that the one will gain most who does rot divide his interests. In his case the preparation for life will not grow con fused with life Itself and he will enter the battle in due time better equipped and with a better store of energy than his unlucky competitor. EUROPE HAS PAPER, AMERICA GOLD. Europe Is rapidly getting down to a paper money basis. In Germany the Reichsbank increased its cash reserve in one week by $173,500,000, but oi'ly $1,131,000 of this was gold. All the rest was paper currency of various kinds. During the war the Raichs bank has increased Hs note ilreula-. tion 1640,000,000. and other banks have issued other forms of not?s. Tne German people have exchanged $260, 000,000 in gold for notes. The Bank of France has issued Jl. 350, 00Q, 000 in notes since the war began, or more than the entire amount outstanding on July 31, 1914, and In fourteen weeks has drawn $173,000,000 in gold from the people in exchange. The volume of paper in Great Brit ain has increased to a much smaller extent than In the ether countries, but the increase has been rapid since July 1. The Bank of England's note circulation has increased only 320. 000,000, and all of this sum is cov ered by gold, but through private banks the government has issued asset currency similar to that issued by the United States under the Al-drieh-Vreeland act, taking commercial paper as security. Since June 30 the amount of this currency has increased from $326,900,000 to $ 351,600,000. and the special gold reserve deposited against it has decreased from 74 '4 to 40 M per cent. Great Britain, how ever, replenishes its gold supply with the enormous output of the Transvaal, which was $1,415,000 greater in Au gusf, 1915, than in August, 1914, and with the output of other British dominions. The British Empire pro duces nearly two-thirds of the world's annual gold output- Notwithstanding the sale of Anglo French bonds to pay for American exports, gold continues to flow from Europe to the United States. The net imports for the first eight months of 1915 were $212,893,970, a greater amount than in any similar period in the Nation's history, Europe is steadily getting down to a paper money basis, while the United States is becoming Qver-suppliecJ with gold. One effect of this flood ef geld is seen in the wild speculation in war stocks, which the banks have striven to check by demanding higher mar gins on loans. The allied loan is ex pected to have a sobering effect by withdrawing $500,000,000 of the available- loanable capital. If legitimate enterprises weie to offer securities ia considerable volume. the mijhl withdraw still more of the surplus capital and apply it to development of this and other American countries. The time seems ripe for a new era of internal improvement, and a few suc cessful flotations should set the tide of money flowing In that direction. HARD HITS AT SHIPPING FOLLY. Some hard, straight hits were given to the suicidal American shipping policy by President. J. J. Donovan, of the Pacific Logging Congress, at San Francisco, and he declared the La Follette seamen's law "the crowning act of folly." Less than one-seventh of our vessels are engaged in ocean commerce and one-third of that is sail and barge, while the average of our S68 steamers is only 800 tons. After deducting the Standard Oil tankers and the United Fruit Com pany's boats, there are only four American steamers left on the Atlan tic. In ocean steamers we are last among maritime nations, not except ing ice-bound Russia. Mr. Donovan may well say: The man who applaus aur present shipping- laws is a fool or a demagogue. We are the laughing- stock of the nations, living In a fool's paradise. The prosperity, the. very life, of the Nation requite a prompt awakening. But even after contemplating the folly which haa brought us to our present humiliating position he does not despair, for he says: The sen I us which built the Panama Canal will rise superiors o the croakurs and the craven and t, build for us a National Nary second in defensive power to none and able to protect our merchant ships on the seven ims. To secure these merchant ships, wa must look to our citizens and not to the Government, except as It gives support hy laws equally favorable with those or. our competitors. it is hopeless to look for such laws 88 he describes to an Administration which is too cowardly to offend the authors of the seamen's law by re pealing . its destructive clauses and which is too obstinately pnoud to con fess its error by abandoning the ship purchase bill. This Administration lucks the constructive statesmanship to study the problem to the bottom in search of u. solution, as has been recommended by the United States Chamber of Commerce. The best that can be hoped until a new Administra tion takes up the. work is that the ship-purchase bill will be defeated and that no more demagogic laws will be passed before the next President is seated. The late" Abigail Scott Duniway left an estate valued at $600. That is not. all she left, however. She left a famtly of sturdy -sons who are a credit to the citizenship of Ore gon. She left the memory of life long endeavor in" overcoming ob stacles to serve as stimulus to those who would weary in well doing when they know they are in the right. She left an example to the womanhood and motherhood of the Northwest to show they can rise above the com mon, sordid life and become units of progress in the commonwealth with- .out sacrifice of home tie an4 the holier instinct. The money value left by Mrs. Duniway Is insignificant and the least. The spirit of preparedness must be overwhelmingly upon us, for the ma jority of our Congressmen are quoted as favoring the whole programme. When American Congressmen favor anything of that sort they must have been convinced that public sentiment is running in that direction. With his ear carefully held to the ground the average Congressman usually reflects public opinion with a considerable de gree of accuracy. As one aid to military training, It would seem, target practice on the farm Is needed. Up in Marlon, the other day a man shot at a bull that was attacking a man and hit the man In the leg. There Is lack of details in the report, but what the victim said can be surmised as not proper for publication. President Wilson's' first official communication with Carranza should be a notice that any Mexican ban dits who cross into the United States will be pursued through Mexice un til captured or killed. Mexicans have an impression that they can do any thing to Uncle Sam with impunity. Not every child can be a prodigy and not every mother wants hers to be one. The world needs boys and girls who grow in the old-fashioned way. Lots of times "mother's fool" outdistances the precocious youth when the time comes. No more will Murphysboro, 111., make a picnic day of the hanging of a negro, as it did recently. The idea is so shocking to Governor Dunne that he may cheat the gallows of possible victims and defeat Justice to an extent. When the first grade children in the public schools are doddering old men and women, the Government will still be suing the shoe machinery trust. The desire for King George to lead the British army is figurative. That went out of fashion when guns super seded pikes and lances. There Is a demand for King George to lead the British armies. Ominous Silence from George on the subject. Pessimistic prophets who talk of after the war forget that "sufficient unto the day is the evil thereof." The pessimist, of course, is insist ing already that the Continental karmy isn't worth a continental. One Important thing to be consid ered In National defense ia a canal that will work at all seasons. If we could only get some unof ficial bulletins from Serbia, we might learn which side is winning. It is to be hoped that those who didn't already have it acquired the apple habit yesterday. As an indication of things to come, the Mayor of Albany has vetoed a near-beer ordinance. In wild and woolly New Tork the train-robber is in his element The West ia tamed. Arrests or prominent grocers lor Sunday sales will, bring the Issue to a oecision. Dr. James proved that Cupid can defeat Mars with his little bow and arrow. The Land Show will be the biggest thing of the kind iA Uni, . European War Primer Br National Geographical Soeley. Varna, the latest port city to feel the burdens of war. Bulgaria's Black Sea port, is the first seaport of Bul garia. It is situated in the north, near the present boundary of Roumania, on the Bay of Varna, a capacious, shel tered inlet of the Black Sea. It is con nected by rail with all of the important regions of the country which it has long served as principal outlet. It pos sesses an incomparably finer harbor than Eadeagatch, the Aegean port of Bulgaria, from whose development so much future advantage is expected. It lies within easy steaming distance of KusBia naval port, Sebastopol, being about 300 miles distant. Tha port is tha third city of the kingdom, ranking after Sofia and PhilinpopollB. and it has been stronarlv fortified. It has played an important part in Bulgarians military history, as thel chief nnint in th .n.r'. 1 1 ot ar.a quadrflateraL" which formed the basis of Bulgaria s defense toward the north and east before the Iocs of Dobrudja to lloumanit alter the treaty of Bucha rest. The quadrilateral was composed of Varna, Shumla, Rustchuk and trla. ilistria is new well within the Roumanian frontier, close- upon the Danube. Rustchuck, Shumla and arna now form a triangle of for tresses, stretched along the northeast ern Bulgarian frontier. a a a' Varna is 3S5 miles by rail east northeast of Sofia, the capital. It is connected with ftuatchuk. In the north west, and with Sofia, in the west, by trunk line railways, while branches connet it with central and southern parts of the kingdom. The railway from Rustchuk was opened ir 1S67. and with its coming began the city's pros perity. Burgas, south of Varna, has given it strenuous competition during recent years. The city is built on tha hilly north ern shore of the bay. which, besides offering- peculiar facilities for defense, makes it very picturesque. At its foot. the River Devna cuts through the mountains to th6 sea, and all around Ihe hills shut in the valley and the port. Despite considerable modern effort at improvement, the city plainly shows its age, and its irregular, ill-paved streets, lined. with outworn buildings, breathe the peace of a forgotten valley. Several industries, however, have pen etrated to the city: and modern rest- lessness and modern smartness stand just before, as the prosperity of the kingdom and of its first port grows. Varna has a population of about 38,000. mm Dairy products, grains, cattle, drersed meats, lamb and goat skins and rough cloth are the principal exports of the place, and its imports are chiefly petroleum, coal, iron and iron ware. machinery, textiles and chemicals. It does an annual business of nearly $1,000,000. and is visited during the year by about 1000 ships of an aggre gate J. 000,000 tons. The largest num. ber of these vessels are Bulgarian while Austria-Hungary has been rep resented by the largest toitnage. There are tanneries, cloth factories and dis tilleries in the city. Nearby, among the hills, is the Summer palace of the King. MOTHERHOOD LOSING ITS GLORIES War. Exploitation aad TTnemployment Leave Little Incentive. Says Woman. PORTLAND, Oct. 19. (To the Ed itor.) I cannot help making a few comments on the film called "Tha Mir acle of Life," now running at a local theater.. It is declared to be a "glorification of motherhood," but the press agent in so describing it is not sufficiently explicit. Does he mean that mother hood of itself is glorious or that only under centain favorable conditions at least for enlightened human beings is it a praiseworthy function for woman; A good many romantic lies, as Ber. nard Shaw calls them, are uttered about motherhood. Certainly there is no special tribute due the act of bring ing an idiot child into the w-orld. or a cripple, or a diseased or hydro cephalous babe. Life is a terrible sort of miracle for those children whose brief span will be only torture till death comes to their relief. The kind of motherhood that' gives unhealthy and defective children to the world is anything but glorious; it is a crime against the child and society. We hypocritically profess great rev erence for motherhood, but make an outcast of the woman who bears a child outside of marriage. Biologically there is no difference between the ma ternity of a married woman and an unmarried one. In truth, some of the world's greatest geniuses were' born outside of marriage uch as Leonardo da Vinci. After all, what our conven tional morality says is good is not motherhood but marriage. If this is what we believe, why do we not say so, instead of uttering much cant and mawkish romanticism about the "glo ries of motherhood"? One does not have to travel very far with open eyes and a small amount of mental honesty to see that in too many instances motherhood is pen alized rather than rewarded by so ciety, even where a perfectly lawful marriage exists. With all the unem ployment now cursing us. with ex ploitation systematically practiced by the great industrial corporations, with the ruthless killing machines called armies overspreading the earth, I can see little or no incentive for any think ing woman to bring children Into the world merely to be offered as a sac rifice to greed, dynastic ambition and murderous cruelty. The object of life ought to be the cultivation of strength, intelligence and beauty, to promote Justice in the world, and to foster the growth and development of human genius. If mankind is never to set itself con sciously to accomplish this task, then the sooner the curtain is rung down on the human tragedy the better. MRS. F. D. BACK TO OREGON. ' As I wrote you from Tacoma, X will write to" you once more. I have learned another lesson, As I learned the one before. I'm now up here In Canada. Far from United States. But I'm going back to Oregon If they don't stop all the freights. I have labored in the hay-flelds. Where a man will soon grow eld; I have labored in the warehouse. Where they store the wheat like gold. Fve drunk alkali called water. Till my stomach's all burned out; I have crawled into a straw-stack When the moon and stars came out. I've driven a pair of crowbaits To a lousey header box. While the cheatseed and the foxtail . Worked down into my socks. I've put up with their ranch grub Bacon, spuds and seabby prunes. Till the big guts ate the small ones In the long hot afternoons. I've giver up hopes of heaven Since I left the logging camps, And when I think of money It gives my purse the cramps. They can keep their Winter snow storms And their every Summer's drouth. For I'm going back to webfoet Qq the first train going south. Yes I'm going back to webfoot. Where the long chin whiskers grow. Where the people eat fried chicken And the breaa'a net sour douerrt. ?QUR LOSS-LOST, COWSLX, WHEX ONE PREPARES ALL, MCST. War Will End Only When There la Worlel I'nlty In Peace Effort. PORTLAND, Oct. 19 (To the Edi tor.) Having heard the discussions at the Civic League meeting at the Hotel Multnomah, relative to the establish ment of military training in the hith schools of this city. I should like to add a few remarks on the subject. Military training, either in the high schools or elsewhere, is intended to de velop the boy physically, mentally and morally; to make him alert, alive, equal to emergencies. It is in its in trinsic sense a discipline compelling re spectful attention, obedience, order, promptness, principles such aja no one surely can gainsay should be installed in the mind of the boy during his "for mative period." Why do we install burglar alarms in our dwellings? Pa it not for the sake of warning and protection In cane we are invaded? Why do we have police to patrol our streets and guard our property? To invite disorder, anarchy, riots and robberies, or aa a preventive against theo things? Is it not as rea sonable, then, to assume that prepared ness for war is Intended primarily as a precautionary measure, a warning, a means of defense in case war is thrust upon us? We are naturally a peace-loving Na tion; we have no quarrel with any country on the glebe; we have no wish to dominate tho world, nor do we de sire territorial expansion; we are not jealous of the increasing power and commerce of any nation under the un. as the enemies of England affirm is her case, but the terrible struggle which is now going on among supposedly the most enlightneed nations of the world, devastating the fairest countries of Eu rope, cutting off tha flower of her youth and leaving desolation, ruin and heart breaks in thousands of homes, is surely an object lesson which it behooves us to heed. What are the conclusions to be de dueed? Simply, that the millennium is still afar off; ' that, desnite our hiarh ideals and preconceived beliefs to the contrary, hatred, malice. Jealousy, envy. war IUHt. dominate the world today just as in the' days of old; finally, that so long as one nation under the sun arms and prepares for war. all nations must ao liKewlee if they would be immune from attack. When all lay down arms then indeed sun, moon and stars may rejoice, for the universal brotherhood of man will have been accomplished and the divine precept. "Love thv neighbor as thyself." have become a oiesseo. realty. I would say by all means have mili tary training installed in the high schools of Portland. Teach the boy loyalty, not only to his country, but to individuals; teach him obedience, truth, courage, devotion, morality, the value of sacrifice. Make him realise In all its force the necessity of preparedness for war. Impress upon him that if war becomes inevitable he must gird on nis armor ana go rorth to battle in spired by the same lofty sentiments of loyalty, courage, devotion and sacrifice as inspired our forefathere. whose aui.evrmeniB notn in peace and war have left us a heritage the full value or which can never be overeat! mated. At tho same time by all the arts at one's command impress upon the boy the divine beauty, the inestimable blessings of peace; teach him that war must De resorted to only as a last re course, when ail honorable means known to diplomacy have utterly failed teach him that one conflict honorably averted is wortn a thousand, yea. thou sands of victories gained on the battle- iieia. , If a policy such as this were to be observed. I fall to see what harm could possibly accrue by the establishment of military training in the Portland high schools. ANNIE BLANCHE SHELBY. AMERICA GREAT MILITARY CAJLP Whole Hemiaphere Devoted to War Goo) la Vision of Alarmist. SOUTH CLE ELUM, Wash.. Oct. 18 (To the Edtlor.) There is one phase of this programme of preparedness that has not yet been discussed In the pub lie prints, or elsewhere, so far as I know, that surely deserves careful at tention. We all know that a certain ability to protect ourselves Is essential to our safety, even though we are so isolated from other nations by the great oceans that the danger of attack la reduced to a minimum. We know that prepared ness for war does not prevent it. We need only refer to our histories to prove that the nation which makes war a business perishes always by the sword. I here has been no exception to this rule. We know that the bur den of taxation laid upon a people by military preparedness is almost too great to be borne that It spreads pov erty over nearly the whole people of a nation, and so debases or lowers them, mentally, physically and morally. But these questions are being dis cussed pro and con by everyone. The subject to which I wish to call your attention is this: When we begin to "prepare," our neighbors, Canada and Mexico, as well as those nations less close to us in Central and South Amer ica, will assuredly view our prepara tions with alarm and get ready to pro tect themselves. If our danger is as great as our jingoes seem to think It we being the most powerful nation of the American continents what will the weaker nations have to fear when we suddenly begin warlike preparations on a gigantic scale? Will they, remem bering our wars with Mexico and Spain, be content to trust to our ben evolent sense of right? Assuredly they will not. They would be foolish to do so. Under the urging of the slavery dispute, our politicians stole an empire from Mexico. In order to elect McKinley, they made an un necessary war upon Spain, and we, the people, are only now getting at the truth of the matter. Remembering this, can we ever be sure we are right when we go to war? The people of the United States are as honest and honor able as they are generous and brave, but their Government is usually In the hands of knaves or fools. Now if Canada and Mexico begin for tifying their boundariea and increasing their military strength as they must do to be safe from us then we must fortify boundariea and go on in the damnable business of war, even beyond our prevent plans. And will not these smaller nationa, through fear of us, form dangerous alliances with great nations of Europe? And if so. what becomes of our "Monroe Doctrine?" Logically, then, if we begin, it will only require a few years to place the countries of America under such a bur den of militarism aa has brought about the present terrible conflict in Europe. True, isn't it? LYNN MARKET. Elderly Man In Straits. PORTLAND, Oct. 19. (To the Ed itor.) I am a taxpayer of this city and have been for the last seven years, always paying my debts and trying to be honest. The firm which I had been with for 13 years has closed out and I am with out work and have tried my best to secure rame, but aa I am an elderly man, I am turned away. J must have work of some kind to save my home and keep us over the Winter. Am will ing to try any kind of work. Am well acquainted with the city and can drive a. team. I can be reached at A 7317 or Flanders. "AN HONEST WORKMAN." Two Girl Friend Confer, Puck. Edith The man I marry must be bold and fearless. Ethel Yea, dear, he mueU Tweaty-five Years Ago From The Orcgonian of October 20. IS 3d. The Chinese relifcious festival drew to a close at 3:45 o'clock yesterdav morning when the blue and red-robed heathen burned one of their numerous devils in front of the joss house at Second and Pine streets. A large num ber of white persons stayed up until that hour to witness the ceremony. The West Shore Publishing Compauv has concluded the purchase of a site for the proposed building at Columbia and Water streets and have let the contract for erecting two stories to Jhn B. Bridges. President T. P. Osborn. of the Cham ber of Commerce, is daily receivins letters from business men all over the state manifesting a great interest in the recent organization of the Slate Board -of Commerce., The Institution is growing in popularity throughout the state and has already resulted In the formation of three local boards of trade where none existed before. About 60 nlmroda went down tha Columbia on the Salem yesterday morning in quest of ducks and whilo none of tlicni secured very large bags all got enough for breakfast. Ducks are not very plentiful yet and mallards and canvasbacks are very scarce. Signer Liberal! and his band were tendered a reception at a Second-street hall Saturday nisht by Cartaina Pohl mnn and Westemeyer. About 525 per sona weie present and the festivities were kept up until after midnight. The approaches to the Central Tss sengcr Station a.id the freieht depots on the teitninal grounns Fifth street, below G and North Front below G are in a horrible condition already and the rain has not fairly begun yet. Half a Century Ago From The Ores;onlan of October SO. 1S8S. Extra Billy Smith arrived In Wash ington on the evening train from Rich mond. September 19. He Is very hum ble and notwithstanding his declara tion that he would suffer damnation before applying to Taylor for pardon, he is as eager to get hold of the pre cious document s any of his rebellious comrades. Billy's appearance is decid edly seedy. San Francisco, Oct. 19. The eclipse of the sun occurred this morning promptly according to predictions. Rev. Dr. Wythe and family arrived on the Orizaba yesterday. The doctor will proceed immediately to Salem to assume his position as president of Willamette University. We are informed that the volunteer troops now doing service in the Indian regions on the eastern border of Ore gon will be mustered out as soon as regular troops can arrive to relieve them. Orders to this effect have been received at headquarters. Troops left New York on the 15th ultimo for the purpose of taking the place of volun teer companies in tho District of Co lumbia. A meeting will be held at the Meth odist Church, corner of Second and Taylor streets, on Monday evening, October 23, for the purpose of organ izing a singing school. The school will be conducted under the auspices of E. W. Tallan. a gentleman recently from the East, providing a sufficient number of pupils can be obtained to warrant him in the undertaking. No charge for the admission of ladies. During the late war our people spent in the aid of the soldiers of the Republic 1243,274,248.45. This is exclu sive of tho Government expenditures. ,187, 209, 608. 82 of the sum was contrib uted by states, counties and towns for the aid and relief of soldiers and their families, while individuals and associ ations contributed for the soldiers about $25,000,000 more. Why Hoar Prlees Are Lew. SEGHERS. Or., Oct, 18 (To the Ed itor.) There is a question of tremen dous importance to every farmer in Oregon and this is why are prices of pigs S cents per pound lower In Port land Stockyards than in Chicago, Oma ha or Kansas City. We have been urged for years to grow pigs and as sured that the market could never bo less than Chicago. We have the pigs now and cannot sell them except at an absolute loss. This is not a tem porary condition either, for the market has been under Chicago for nearly u year. Fat hogs from Idaho are going to Kansas City to market. Can you throw any light on this subject? W. K. NEWELL. A number of reasons are given by livestock men for the difference be tween hog prices here and in the East The chief reason seems to be the big demand in the Eastern markets and the slow demand here. In the East an immense export business in hog prod cuts has been worked and this has sent live hog prices skyward. The Pa cific Coast has enjoyed none of this business as yet. Another reason for the lower prices ruling hare, accord ing to dealers. Is the poor, unfinished quality of the bulk of the bogs that are being marketed. Many of the hogs coming in are said to be too poor for almost any use and this has had a ten dency to hold all prices -down. Present conditions are regarded as only tem porary. In the past Oregon hogs have commanded a good premium and livestock men say that as soon as the American markets readjust themselves prices at Portland will again be higher than in the Eastern markets. Wife's Interest In Property. PORTLAND, Oct. 19. r(To the Editor.) I am married to a man. He was married before and has one boy. He has property in Oregon and property in Canada. I am not living with him for the reason that he is cross and often drinks heavily. Then he threat ens to put me out nd says I will never get one cent. Please advise what steps I can take, or what could I claim by law, or can he cut me out without any thing? SUBSCRIBER. In case of his death while you are his legal wife you would have'a dower interest, equal to one-hf If of the in come from tha property for life, of which he cannot deprive you. Property division during his life would be in the discretion of the court and could he determined. In the absence of vol untary agreement, only by suit for divorce or separate maintenance. Why Buy Blue Sky, Mr. Manufacturer? Mr. Manufacturer, when you buy newspaper advertising you buy a definite thing. You buy an audience with Just auch people aa you want to reach for a definite prioe. There is no blue sky no wasto no lost motion. You lake as much aa you want, where you want it. and when you wa..t it. You reach dealers and consumers at the same time. -