.
8
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PORTLAND. IlfcSUAV, OCT. 1. 1915.
ONLY SUCCESS CAN JCSIXTT IT.
In deciding to recognize Carranza
as actual ruler over Mexico, the Pan
American conferees may have adopted
the best way out of a difficult situation
as to that, time alone can tell: but
they have made a radical departure
from their programme. The original
plan was to Invite the leaders of all
Mexican factions to a peace confer
ence, at which they should agree on a
plan of pacification, and to Ignore any
who did not accept. The, Invitation
was issued and was accepted by all
except Carranza, yet he is to be recog
nized and all others are to be Ignored.
This inconsistency can be excused only
If Carranza has indisputably fulfilled
the conditions requisite to recognition
These conditions were laid down by
President Grant in 1875. in discussing
the proposed recognition of Cuban in
dependence. They were that "where
a considerable body of people, wbo
have attempted to free themselves of
the control of the superior govern
ment, have reached such point In oc
cupation of territory, Jn power, and
In general organisation as to consti
tute in fact a body politic, having a
government in substance as well aa
in name, possessed of the elements
of stability, and equipped with the
machinery for the administration of
Internal policy and the execution of
Its laws, prepared and able to admin
ister Justice at home, as well as in Its
dealing with other powers." it la within
the province of those other powers to
recognize Its existence as a power. The
people recognized must be "united un
der some known and defined form of
government, acknowledged by those
subject thereto, in which the func
tions of government are administered
by usual methods."
It cannot truly be said that Can
ranza's government yet has the sta
bility, the machinery for administering
its policies, executing its laws, or ful
filling Its foreign obligations, or the
general acceptance by the dmdIi-.
which Grant described. It relies largely
on recognition to obtain these requi
sites for recognition. Consideratjla
xorces are in arms against it. though
the reports of impending recognition
seem to have started disintegration in
Villa's army. Nothing can iustifv the
Administration's present policy except
auzcess. mat which we have already
published regarding the genesis of
( arranza s power and the means by
which it has grown does not encour
age hope that this policy will succeed.
There is more probability that a new
revolt will overturn Carranza. as Ma
dero and Huerta were overthrown.
SELF-DISTRUST.
The Marshfleld Record seems to be
o ill informed as to the laws of Ore
gon in particular and of the western
states In general that it accepts as
true, without inquiry, the slanders on
the West which have been put forth
by the champions of Federal control
over water power. The favorite argu
ment in favor of Federal control is
that the western states are so com
pletely ruled by corporate monopoly
as to have provided no means for con
trol of corporations. It Is constantly
asserted that if power sites were
handed over to the states for disposal,
the states would give them away to
corporations and would permit those
corporations to exact excessive rates
and exorbitant prices In case the
, public wished to reclaim the sites and
to buy the plants.
That is evidently the thought which
prompted the Record to ask these
questions:
What kind of legislation tor the disposal
and us of these resources would the Gov
ernors of California. Oregon. Washington.
5 ' ,N,!V"d. Wyoming. Montana. Idaha
and Colorado recommend to the Legislatures
of their respective states?
..?" wi?at reale would the legislation on
this subject ureri by the leaders in these
J.eglslsturea differ from the provisions of
the Ferris bills urged by Secretary La net
w ould the state propose to give these
"J?" ln l"8 to the Power corporations?
Vould they make leases for longer than 50
years? Would they give the people of the
state the chance to take over the property
at the end of tha lease -noHort ? an4 i-
taking over the properties, would they per.
mlt the public to be mulcted Into paying
for franchise, good will and going concern
valuea?
Oregon and all of the other states
mentioned, except Utah and Wyoming,
have laws in full operation which
deny water to any person or corpora
tion unless it Is used and fix a term
for which water rights for power are
granted, in Oregon this term is
forty years. These states have com
missions which regulate rates and
Fervice or power companies. They
oase rates on actual value of property
used in the business, not upon the
stock and bonds of companies nor
tipon inflated values which companies
ma put upon their property. It la
not to be presumed that the states
would change, their policy if given
control of power sites. They would not
give leases to power sites for longer
terms than those for which they give
water rights, nor would they permit
the public to be mulcted In buying
power plants.
We recommend our Marshfleld
friend to have more confidence in his
own state and to cease looking to the
benevolent despot at the head of the
Interior Department for relief from
supposed wrongs which the people of
Oregon may inflict upon themselves.
The people of Oregon have more com
plete and more direct control over
their own affairs than those of any
other state.' If they cannot trust
themselves to exercise that control,
they are not fit for self-government.
The writer of a communication In
The Sunday Oregonian has miscon
strued an article commending the
plan for exchange of teachers between
Portland and some South American
city with a view to encouraging the
study of Spanish In this city. We did
not assume that the Spanish used
among educated people in, South
I America, such aa the teachers would
J be, varies according to climate. It is
to be presumed that the men sent here
from that continent would teach prac
tically as pure Spanish as would men
from Spain. An exchange with South
America would afford Portland stu
dents the opportunity of learnlnir from
their teachers many things about the
countries wltb which we desire to do
business. We should loam what they
wish to buy and what they have t(
sell. We should establish an acaualn
tance with South America and an in
tercourse with its people which would
aia us lit commerce.
IS CO LNTRY WORTH DEFENDING?
Three directors of the Portland
schools are said to favor the system
of voluntary military training, but a
fourth Mr. Plummer takes a posi
tion of straddling neutrality by say
ing that he does not object, provided
that the pupil is not given credit for
school work through any system of
military training. Yet, we hear no
outcry from the alarmed Mr. Plum
mer because school credits are given
ror every other kind of activity, ;n
ciuaing the baking of cookies, the
important art of tatting and the prac
uce or various physical maneuvers
scientifically known as calisthenics.
In the State Agricultural College at
-arvams, and at every other- land
grant college patronised by the United
States Government, military training
is compulsory. Every male student is
required to give four hours' work per
ween, in the armory and with the
regiment, unless excused for good
cause. The United States thinks it
worth while to keep a force in reserve
ror the exigencies of a. possible war;
out there is a different opinion In
some quarters, where the duty of
preparedness is held to be less im
portant than teaching children to do
tnings they ought to be taught at
home and other things they will not
need in any walk of Hfe they are
likely to take.
Is the country worth defending? If
is, wno wui defend it in any crisis?
t-ertainiy not the men who are in
effect told in their youth that military
training 13 wrong and that it has r.o
place in the school curriculum, even
as a voluntary course.
8 t'UX FACTNO THE PAST.
The Oregonian has today a letter
from Centralla which it prints as a
sort of post-mortem contribution to
the literature of despair which flooded
the country in the old Ponulist davs.
Undoubtedly there Is a good deal the
matter with the country, and the Re
publican party has its share, or more.
or crooks and- financiers. Evidently
me . mighty movement, which betran
with Roosevelt, to drive them all into
the Ananias Club and other odious
places, did not wholly succeed, for
uney, or tneir successors, are still
wun us.
But it is foolish, in view of tha facts
to shake before the nublic eves the
tnreaanare Dogy of control over the
Republican party by Cannon, Barnes,
Penrose, and their kind. It is not
true, and it is daily being shown to
De untrue. But if it were true, the
presence of these notorious undesir
ables in the Republican organization
is matched by similar bosses and reac
tionaries in the Democratic party.
Has our friend at Centralla no words
of denunciation for Taggart, Sullivan.
""" P'V. avna otners in tne Democratic
party, or of George Perkins In the
Progressive 7
It is a curious kind of loarlc whinh
denounces a great party for the Drea-
ence of a few bosses and fails to hold
the same party responsible for the
countenance and sustenance of Army
contractors and the like fiftv veers
ago. Were Abraham Lincoln and the
mignty body of patriots who stood bv
him guilty of the sins of the malefac
tors of those days?
It seems to The Oregonian that the
problems confronting the American
people today are not domestic, but uni
versal. The skies are full of portents,
and the earth trembles with the tread
of armies and the clamor of fighting
nation. The great aim of any Amer
ican party today should be to an onirt
a policy that will permit the United
States to take its own unmolested and
independent course among the nations.
ret some men think it worth while
to stop and excoriate men politically
dead and bawl aloud over Issues long
morlbsnd.
BUDGET "TSTKM IS TOTELT.
In providing for increased expendi
ture on National defense while reve
nue is shrinking, the Administration
is once more reminded of the wisdom
of adopting the budget system. For
years it has followed the spendthrift's
principle of economizing? In the neces
saries of National defense in order to
spend on the luxuries of pork or on
the less urgent necessaries of internal
mprovement. An overwhelming nub
ile opinion now calls upon Congress
not to stint the absolute necessaries,
though it dispense with other neces
saries and with luxuries.
The estimates of the deurtmsnts
show that they have the same vices
as Congress. The war doubtless ban
Imposed additional expense on the dip
lomatic service, but surely the State
Department could reduce expenses
proportionately at other points. It Is
no uouot wise to Incur increased ex
pense in extending foreign trade, and
certainly surveys of the Alaskan Coast
should be hastened, but the Com
merce Department should .cut other
expenses. Secretary Wilson should
not be merely "considering" a reduc
tion In estimates for the immigration
service, for immigration from Europe
has almost ceased; he should cut them
without mercy.
It should be practicable for the In
terior Department . so to reduce ex
penditures at some points that It can
spend S. 000, 000 on-the Alaska Rail
road without adding that sum to its
total estimate. There are many ex
penditures in the Agricultural De
partment which, though well enough
at ordinary times, should be curtailed
when funds are short.
Though the War and Navy Depart
ments must necessarily spend much
more money in the aggregate in order
to carry out the new defense plans,
they could redistribute part of their
present outlay so as to use money
where It will do the moat good. Army
posts which were established to fight
Indians where there are now no In
dians, could be sold, and the same
course could be followed with Navy
yards which cannot be reached by a
battleship.
All of these suggestions for economy
could be worked out by a budget com
mittee which would ascertain the sum
available for ordinary expenditures
and would apportion it among the de
partments. A balance would remain
to be raised for defense measures, and
could be provided by sale of Panama,
Canal bonds. Congress appears to
have attacked the task hitherto from
the other end that Is, decided how
much to spend and trusted larrely to:
THE MORNING OREGOXIAN, TUESDAY, OCTOBER 19, 1915.
uc tor enough money. It shows a
a-ejugiismce to aooiasning joosior vacation?
Of to f,i.. l ...v.,
- ""-"h Aba uicixiwio nuj uuuk.
There is lack of co-ordination between
u...c.CiiUc-nseiia ana tne spena-
tog end of the Government.
PAWNING MCP1U3M wExira.
Those who have charged that
are a sentimental people
should revise or modify that conela-
sion in the light of an announcement
"-u mxa just, issuea irom XNew lore
munume lountainneaa or art,
science and literature. An immense
auction sale has been scheduled for
the latter part of the month and is
being ber&lded in blazing r caters. Not
articles of furniture or trifling knlck-
v uow me nammer, w
iiDoaiucg U UIO WSty PI SLU IO I
uucuiueuts aiiu iiiit.il u- I n congress aaopts the pro-
scripts by famous men. Nor are they I gramma put forth by the Administra
te be hawked to contending historical I tion wo can rest assured of a mi.h
societies intent on securing their
ureservaBon, out to anyone who
chances to be tha highest bidder. No
uucumeni win nave any nigner value
-"" particular occasion than it will
unng in aonars ana cents.
It was not enough that we should
deny Patrick Henry admittance to the
American Hall of Fame this year. His
teiicrs are now tor sale along with
totters rrom Alexander Hamilton,
jonn Adams, Aaron Burr. Thomas
Jerrerson.and a score of others. Im-
portant war letters signed by Wash-
lngton are going under the hammer
-------- - ""-'" o '
Last but not least some iustlv cele-
IMfni.r!i1,?i-J passed
, , Muuoa, inw ust m-
eluding the last pardon he signed. -
Here, indeed, is a field for some
nuewf.Peniant'OPt t0,SP ln WhCTe
Public entemrlsai h railed .n ,
tt,7J theS" Prtceless 5el'cs Intact that
Where lrZ . 7,
Cfatleo , , o ), . i,.
Bicat Historical SO-
v, v. L ui intervene.? j
j tiaa uio master not; neon under
taken by resort to nublic suascrin-
Uons? Surelv ther. a
there been a "will. If Uhas come to
a pass where such relira . nK,i
auction without a flicker of nublic
proSt" then th'e day'ma" not fa. ,
distant when we shafl nawn t
Statue of Liberty to help pay the Na
tional deficiency which is now crowd.
ing hard upon us.
THE DEFENSE PLAK.
So far as .the purely theoretical as
pects of the matter are concerned, the
problem of National defense is nicely
disposed of in the Administration plan
of Army and Navy increases, which
is now given in outline after several
months of careful work and nrenara.
tion.
The maximum of trained men inr
the minimum of cost is the keynote
of the plan as we read it. Thus the
dominant notes in publio onlnlon to-
day are carefully reflected nrenard-
ness and economy Tkinv ,.1.4
mate army of 1,800,000 men for even
less than it requires to maintain a
European force ht . ...j.
mm or adding hundreds .f thou
sands of young men annually to our
uettusivo rorces without paying a
handsome bill or Interfering very
mucn -witn our industrial and eco.
nomic me. Truly wonderful
At the outset we are to increase
tne Keguiar establishment by 00.000
men. giving a total of 140.000 men in
the first line. This will cost many
millions of dollars, for the American
soldier is the highest pajd soldier intBed labor, who, by reason of their
toe wona. Jt costs us as much fcr I
nvuiu4iit suf 1 1 aoes huasia. rnr n
lieutenant-general. A lowly Ameri
can private gets as much pay in one
month as three Russian reftulars re
ceive for a year in the ranks. But I
men no one will quarrel serlouslv 1
with the General Staffs liberality I
....... wic niiuy, jor more Army is I
sadly needed to perform National po- I
nua worn, ano -it is impracticable to
bci men ior smaller pay rates than
those now in effect.
" " miicn mo Administration turns
tiLien soldiery mat the hl- 1
"""e " maue. xne patriotic oln- I
iTii vi me National uuard
-a. 10 n.uuaa to tne sum total or 1
available effectives by adding a few
dollars of extra expense in the way
of Federal support. Better still, a
continental army of hundreds of
. a.. ictiiuiea ror a nom- 1
...en ..koi nuii sept in tne nnest fettle I
by two months' training yearly. From
numDie starting nucleus of 133,000 1
,1 is Liio-Hiiea to increase the 1
Continentals year by year for six
Ann "Ovr 4V.I. V1 - ana aaa I
- "- vi. w .uiu 11 uiii uer is tsim
" j vat umq uv,uuu reaervp.H
wju nave accumulated from the sev-
prill hrflruhu' Af He . A. .
iT-i J . a,la me
whole defensive army will present a
trunt or more tnon m 1 1
. .. w luuiiuu uieu
seujr lvj uamnig in a lew hours for
. . l . . . I
fame. 1
, . .
Excellent on paper. The Con-
tlnentol IT1 k. . j - .
:.r " oniy
l w 1 1 rii rim ri v o vea i . . . . i . i
, - : . J u,.iB ma.1 pe- i
.us i4ui.wuii win oe intensive
and the men will be put through ma-
euvers ano neid exereises much
they were being prepared for a war
emergency. At the conclusion of the
two months under canvas they wit
be returned to their civil vocations
it tney stin have any.
ThE ContlrT't ,nr- " , -
This Continental armv is the- ah. I
miiiiairuiion s trump card.
: --- -
It is a
complete innovation the like of which
nas never been known.' Whether it
will work or not remains to be seen.
It has some of the earmarks of that
great reserve army which was put
ionn some years ago only to blossom
forth into a total force of sixteen men.
i"" aiier years or effort years
vvnicn were to nave produced" 400,000
trained reservists. The enlistment
term for the Continental army is
nxea at six years. In the first three
j ears tne citizen soldier must spend
two months with the colors. There
after he Is furloughed and appears
umy in tne event of war.
In this connection there "is one ques-
tion we cannot escape. Are there
800.000 men in the United States who
can give up two months a year and
retain their positions? If there are
that many, are they so distributed
that companies, battalions and regi
ments may be assembled in given lo
calities? Even If a man can -iv nn
two months this vear. will he hin
himself to serve next year and the
next, well knowing that his future
may be hampered thereby?
The Administration admits that
much must depend on employers of
" " uuiinenuti army Droves a I
--'.iiBM or employers are
w apiicuiea to, w nave no doubt
that many of these patriotic folk will
respond at the outset. But how will
it be when our ante-bellum placidity
nas returned as it probably will in I
uue course or lima 7 How will it be
viin me employer whose organization
v.. i, oe aisturoea uy the annual camp? L
While not admitting it, will he not
Eive prexarence to young men whose I
I time is not mortgaged in the heart
.. ..
I i i w Trie nnnn.nto i . .-. .
prove to be something of a success.
i tut It is clear enough that there are
trough places in the oath nr-H..ilviv
when the organisation passes its first
I year. most likely 133.000 men can
" "red for the first quota, but the
ItJZZTV? .ZTZZZ "ucn
nT is high improbable 7 "
The subject of Naval hisf.rin.
i uanuiea more directly and without re-
sorung to nne-spun theory. A goodly
fleet of superdreadnoughts, battle
cruisers, submarines, destroyers and
auxiliary ships meet the need squarely
and fully. Seventv submarine ,.
I Provided for. which la ample until the
iiuiuro or tne auomerslole 13 better de-
better defense at sea and a somewhat
I oener rorce by land. The Army, at
I least, will have a few more reliefs' for
I ponce work, the National Guard
wui nave received much needed en
couragement and the Continental
I army will have been tlarsi in n-...
I of incubation, tlf the Continental, tvmi
1 to materialize we can abandon the
svsiem at a later date and tackle the
I prooiem anew.
It is a question whether Mmtn-i,
needs a farm expert in the guise of
county adviser. Many counties of th
giving a. rair return on the money
exnenderi tk . . , "
rcacn everybody, and therein is the
wsas point In the Plan. The man on
the farm who nedsivice most can
get it better Kv ..h .
date fa PPe'nd following the
I . T 1 7,7VT' . ' . . """-"F
plies to farmers of Multnomah as well"
oiversuied industry by reason of
small arrsav, A ,
l " a . J1C19UUO!
adviser
cannot show them much
"""" ontain continues to have dif-
U'T TStm!!?t-J U '
Tt" ""V1 "MO that a force of
cV to .be completed by next
fnft" Th ther "" had
a.tnlaB? m?n nder arms within a
- was VVllllllTJllWCU,
ah or which goes to Drove thnt hr
the same rule that a silk purse can
not be manufactured from a sow's ear
neither can a pacific nation without
anytning of an army provide a real
io-iiu luiue in in p. course or o -v-aoi-
I or -two
ureat Britain's experiences
should give
us much food for
thought.
The conductor on the Mount Kroit
line wno stopped his train to let mid
night brawlers off to settle .by fight
ing aeserves more than a call-down,
most piatrorm men would have let
mem right it out in the car in houa
I of meet,nS" no of the few officers that
rom to neighborhood, while other
I passengers huddled ln the end of the
lwaPJ.n trror- No- 41144. or whatever
I a . nunrl. deserves a handful of
merit; nxarRs.
One point stands in rather bold re
lief in this war what the Germans
get, tney arrange to hold. For exam
pie. the trenches on the Russian front
are being deepened and widened and
lined with concrete, in Dre carat) on
ior tne rigors or winter.
I'.' Th8 ,de of a labor temple Is good
I It will be built by members of oraran.
organisation, are making irood waaea
and show faith Jn their city by put
ung tneir money Into & creditable
eaitice.
The trouble with John Bull is that
nis diplomats are not 11 n with the
times, yet they have been meddling
" " utrategy or tne generals.
Otherwise the allies(would have had
au army in Serbia months ago.
"Adam." said the missus, conlnr in
,ruln mo garden, "this is Apple day
nave a Due. and Arlam h,in. ...
-cijuoio to reminlne wiles in rlv
u.v5 01 tne noneymoon, complied
ito astounoinr result.
America is supposed to be the land
of optimism, but must pass the naim
to Germany, when they are preparing
1 ojipioii ooutn American trade lifter
tne war.
In the midst of electrical
strationa. h.dinnn must v.-i m.
sral Sherman when the han
jnarcfiinr Tnrnnirh-nar.4a :
0
James Ham Lewis may be Presi
. rrBsl
uetn wiison s next running mate It
doesn't matter. Not even pink whis-
1. . . . . . - '
nci a L1111 urnHr rne nrvninA
' ..wwmvv.
Th. in. 01..
. . -. , v. uico iinus it easy to
ImaUe arhilrotn t
I . 7 "ceuco v. lin COUn-
tries wun which we are likelv never
j. . - -
to nave cause to flght.
if uraname-White was Horn
tnsiunraan and became a German
spy and was executed as such, he met
proper oeatn.
This being apple day, the clever
housewife" wilf serve uP" th.'S
, . luscious
ix, BTtrr stuown atvie rrom entAA
every known style from entree
tu tjessen.
-tne Lrari goat fell into rieem..
hands and the Czar should count him
self lucky to have escaped the same
iste.
Thieves at Evansvllle. Ind . niiieH
the beans yesterday when thev stole
war stamps to the value of 115,000
The German plan for the Winter
seems to oe to dig in on the Russian
irom anq to nght m the Balkans.
Pessimism Is sweeping Kngland.
Jhet FLeIJffhhevident,y are not ving
The oxen used by the Bulgara sa
motive power will not be wastsd, as
cue uuiaes una mules.
There is -rotation of crota In the
railroad ousiness. After receivers
comes reorganization.
Italy hesitates in helnina- Rerhia
Might get into a flght up that way,
you see.
I t. vv. f oat were Ku. v
woman t ao a tnmg" to Coffee week.
Take an apple to
"dear teacher"
this morning, boys.
As Skinny says;
"Dere won't be
core terdav.
Start the day with a baked apple
-
Why not follow with a Cider rtao
European War Primer
By KatJoBUBj Geographical Serler.
w uss whm Austria-uangary eco
nomic outlook was before the war, the
peopie 01 Austria-Hungary did not
know themselves. Before the outbreak
of hoatlltles the empire was vodoubt
edly doing comfortably well, though
11 possessed few places and fewer in'
dustries which knew ought of such
business enterprises and success aa ex
empllfied in the United States, Ger
many and England. Moreover, the
governments were heavily in debt, and
the people had deeply committed them
selves to Investments ln futures
Politically and industrially, though
outnumbered by the other races
In
the empire, the German-Auatriana dom
lnated the situation. They stood sol
idly together, while the other peoples
were divided into many factions. The
Gerraan-Anstrlana were in control
Vienna, and Vienna, more truly than
Berlin, was the center of an empire.
During recent years, filled with an
araent spirit of nationalism, the Mag.
yara of Hungary, the Czechs of Rr.
hernia, and the Poles of Galicla have
striven to compose all their differences
in sol hi racial organisation.
e a
For many years past Austre-Hun
garlan finances have been merrily ad
ministered in "terms of future hone.
Railroads have been laid everywhere.
tine roses ana bridges have been con
structed. all branches of the govern'
mem nave oeen strengthened, and
poworiui army created at great ex
penae. Students of finance, who have
studied Austrian budgets and Austrian
enterprises, have passed the verdict
mat tne dual monarchy was in dan
gerons financial condition, that an in
dividual ln such a condition would
nave oeen forced Into bankruptcy long
OBO.
uowever, Austria-Hungary is the
rargest country In Europe, with the
exception of Russia, havina- a territnrv
of 380,000 square miles, or 60,000 square
nines more tnan uermany. Further
more, tnia land la rich ln fertile agrl
cultural and pasture acres, in vast for
est ano mineral resources, and in a:
intelligent, industrious population. Th
empire counts more., than 50,000,000
cttisens. Nor are tha resources f the
land nearly so fully developed .as in the
case oi its nortnern neighbor, Germany.
tnourti Ancient, there is still murth
to be done for the upbuilding of the
lountrrs ana many more people can
una a living there. Austria has a pop
uiauon aanseiy or 360 to the square
mho. Hungary lu, and Bosnla-Her
scgovina less than 100.
Austrla-Hunxarv la larerelv en aarrl.
cultural country, and more than half
o tne people were engaged on th
'" ana rancoes. lees than 6 per
toni ot tne area or Austria Is unpro
ductive. The country is rich ln raw
materials, and has important Iron.
steei, machinery, textile, glass and
beet sugar industries. Vast cattle and
sneep ranges are found in Hungary
and the foreign, market to whtrh Ai..
tria-Hungary has looked as peculiarly
icr own ior tne consumption of he
surplus products was that of the Bal
aan states.
a e e e
In Hun&rarv 70 ner cent nf the nm.
lation was engaged in agriculture, and
less than 15 per cent ln Industry. Six
iana magnates are said to own one
twelfth of the country, though there
is a large number of small holdings,
more than 3,000,000. Favorable har
rests were enjoyed by Hungary in the
'i i"w years Detora the war. whil
industrial conditions in Austria were
bad. The dual monarchy receives mil
lions every year from its citizens who
come to mis country. .
The foreign trade of the empire In
creased steadily during the 10 years
prcedlng the war, the imports faster
man tne exports. Uermany led all
other countries by a large margin in
svoos purcnasea Irom and sold to
nuatria-nunsary. with Knrlm1
ond and the United States third. Rus
sia was a good customer. The total
of the Anstro-Hungarian foreign trade
. uunsmeraoiy in excess of a billion
oouars. Une-tnird Of this nasaeil
through the norts nf Tri,,i.
Flume, which ports the empire holds
' iromenaous importance. Low wages,
a comparatively low cost of living.
Buunuani iuci ana iron, sufficient tlm
Der ana rich agricultural lands all
contribute to assure tha uai tnnn.
archy of an independent economic life
ior many generations to come.
I.KT CHURCH FOSTER MARRIAGES
at ualfl Well Eaeaanir. n-.i i.,.
Unioae, Says Writer.
PORTLAND. Oct. 17. (To the KAi
tor.) That providing a way for matr!
monially inclined to meet is a great
prooiein, none wui deny, and, like all
jJrwoiems. is not likelv to he
aoivea oy tne Idea of any one Indl-
viauai. rtcauzing this, I offer the fol
lowing suggestions, not as nerfeet h
any means, but simply as a starter on
1 ukuiD may eiaDorate:
The church of todav aHnii. it. dim
culty in grasping the individual. The
r commercial gain seems to
have outdone the church in devising
And is not this failure of the church
aa as UlCailS 1 tjl . sK II I T1 1 Tl ts Van
in "i consiaeraoie extent to its
apathy to the needs of the Individual
In everyday life? Has not the spirit-
.cvi un loupwea at the ex
pense of all else? Believing this to be
the fact, I now suircreat th.t
church elaborate and put Into practice
' mat not oruy should it deal
with the marriage ceremony as a part
of its proper- functions, but that the
fostering of desirable marriages should
an.-7ivo eiionuon as wen.
T 1 1, . , .
.e'ai "icrnoers invite those
tney Know as desirables tn a rri.i ..
meet held ln the church parlors once
in every so often. Candy and light
v.,.uculo misni provide Doth en
tertainment for the srueata anrl r..
sufficient to defray incidental expense
I've committee in
a uouia. in my opinion, make
satnennu most successful. Not
oniy no a Know BUCn aa J T. h.. t
e. ouro mey would gladly 'attend
uieoio or mis nature.- T L. TRV
DEPOSITORS ARK LAST TO
LOSE
national iitoti Sot RepndUted If So,
suss Would Lose.
SHERIDAN. Or.. Oct 17 it.i,.
Editor.) Supposing a person deposits
sum or money in any of the henlr.
on long time deposit at a given rate
of interest, does the depositor forfeit
control of his deposit? Have bank
stockholders the right to loan at wlll
In lending money to these foreign na
tions, if they are unable to make
and should repudiate the debt, who
stands to lose the monev Have s
nations ever repudiated a national
debt? If so, can you tell me which
ones and when? J. c ROBIXSOX
A depositor has no control over the
use which a bank makes of his monev
The bank is free to exercise its Judg
ment in malting loans, but is subject to
certain legal restrictions. If the bank
fails, its assets are applied first to pay
depositors, and stockholders must not
only apply their original capital to
that purpose, but may be assessed for
double the amount of their holdings
We have no record of anv nation.
avlng repudiated Its national debt.
If any nation should do so the lender
would lose. In the ease you describe,
the bank would lose and before anv
part of the loss fell on the depositors.
tne stocKuoiaers would have lost
double the amount of their holdings.
2VATIOX IS OX ROAD TO BOW-WOWS
Repnbllcana, Democrats Afar Socialists
Cast Save It. Says Writer.
CENTRALLA. Wash.. Oct. IT To
mfnV1At0)1oTT 0"S"in em, to
think that Bird, a Massachusetts Pro
5e,fT'v h Pved the way for the
J.JnIV '.tho Republicans who were
oaJt Iw'tl0'0, lo ihe " of their
party In the isst National convention.
.ar.-Uth '000 00- half of them left
largely because they disapproved of
n,S-W5i.R2OMVU WM treated. The
other half because they knew why he
thus. We will not estimate
the Republicans that stayed, from pride
, "f.'.wu. ana party loyalty,
among the dlssatisi.rt
I wonder are there a half dozen Re
publicans living who believe Taft would
- - . ewwarcil too K an
Cl X. Rrt ln "'" moaign? No. I can-
itoosevelt could not aid
1 "", enose Tart, and elect
ed him. telling the people he would
give them even a better administra
tion, because of his eminent legal abil
ity. That was his great rr lstake when
he thought Taft. or any other man,
could fill his place as Preaident.
Do not the same conditions exist to
day that caused the division at Chica-
?Tv!laT? not ot Cannon. Barnes,
Archibald, Penrose and all the other
crooks in control? calling themselves
xtepuoiican party, and telling the
other Republicans wbo were forced to
take a' new name, "Come back aa Re
publicans; we will accept you. but on
condition you keep mum. and fall In
with us and be one of us and ask noth
ing for yourselves or for the common
people?"
I voted the Republican ticket 60
years. I was always proud- of Its
achievements, and fevered Its noble
leaders, whether living or dead. Many
of us are prone to forget those who
do many great things and what they
have done and their difficult environ
ments surrounded fro-n the birth of
the party bv crooked Army contractors.
carpet-baggers ln Reconstruction times.
creait-mpoiiers. star-routers, salary
grabbers, all Republican crooks, stulti
fying the good men in their efforts- to
make our country great, grand and
prosperous. But in spite of the efforts
of our best men, only a few became
prosperous from the firina- on Fort
Sumpter until the electloa of Theodore
Roosevelt. He put the secret service
and Department of Justice to work;
none were proseouted and convicted.
Let us take stock of tL conditions
of our Government. We have 66 finan
ciers who owr and control the finances
production, commerce and transporta
tioneverything worth while. These
they have sending their tiny streams
of gold on, joining other streams of
gold, to Wall street, forming a Niagara
of wealth pouring into the coffers of
these financiers. And four of these
gentlemen hold all at their mercy.
we all remember a panic was born in
107. Our fearless President, with the
Army and Navy at his command, was
impotent before it. Plerpont Morgan
threw his purse Into the arena, and be
yond that purse it dare not go. Mr.
Editor, is the Nation on a sound foun
dation that one man's wealth can make
or mar? Those familiar with history
know that the nations,' kingdoms, em
pires and. governments of every kind
whose wrecks line the pathway of hu
man progress went down because of
the .centralization of their wealth into
the possession of the few. Greece hurled
back her barbarous foes time after time
until 0 per cent of her wealth became
the property of 10 per cent of bar peo
ple; then she fell as easy victim to
Rome. There was a time when a Ro
man would not exchange bis citizen
ship for the scepter of any other na
tion. A time came to Rome when
17,000 of her people owned the land
and almost the wealth of the then
known world. Then her ship of state
went down in oceans of fire, blood and
tears; her banners faded from the skr;
her eagles withered on her standards.
The law of cause and effect is work
ing as strenuously now. in he days of
Ryan, Morgan and Rockefeller, as in
the days of the Caesars Then how will
our Nation survive conditions that
Droved the downfall of all those sirai
larly situated? It is sal'' that more than
SO per cent of the farms ln Iowa and
Illinois are heavily mortgaged. In
less than SO years our financiers have
achieved what it took the Romans 700
years to accomplish. Tariff alone will
not resaedv these evils. The old school
master cannot Ond a remedy, nor need
we expect it from those calling-. them
Ives the Republican party, socialism
s still worsa. What. when, or how do
you propose to handle these questions?
BEVERAGE IS HELD DETRIMENTAL
Writer Thlaka Coffee Prevention Week
Would Be Apropos.
PORTLAND, Oct. 18. To the Editor.)
I eould go Into a long discourse on
abstinence from coffee, and can at
this time see no excuse for publishing
such an editorial ' as appeared ln The
Oregonian Sunday, unless it was to in
cite discussion.
We are always very glad to get In
formation or light ln the way of his
tory, but as for encouraging the use
of such a thing aa a stimulating bev
erage, like coiroo. I cannot agree, ano
sure that many of your reaaers
do not tolerate the use of same.
Is it wise to encourage the younger
generation of America, the c. wizens of
tomorrow, in the use of stimulants?
Isn't this a step backward in the ad
vancement of civilization? people
should always be alert to take steps
toward a higher efficiency In every
wav possible. Reserve energy should
be accumulated and maintained, but not
wasted, and we should not depend upon
timulants to obtain that energy.
The drinking of coffee is a haOit. a
growing habit. Its use delivers poisons
nto the human system, ana tne resuii
that our bodies must tatte some
means to get rid of this poison. We
become sick, despondent and Ill-hu
mored, and the world is the worse off
for it more loss in energy.
I do not use conee tnyseu, ana i ao
not encourage its use to anyone; in
other words, "it's agin my religion.
Tnatean of having a coffee week,
wouldn't it be wiser to give that time
nver to aerlous consideration or tne
uture. what the result win De. ana
how we might go aDout to impress
nnon tha minds of the coming genera
tions that their body is a living tem
ple, and not a mere frame to be abused
and mistreated? E. B. LEWIS.
AatTarax: Cored 1st South-
AMITY. Or.. Oct. 16 (To the Editor.)
In The Oregonian October 13, speak
ing of the anthrax patient, Mr. Stack
pole, a dispatch says: "No human be
ing within the memory of the dootors
here (New Tork) has recovered."
I have lived a number of years in
Southwest Louisiana, where anthrax Is
very common. Cattle, mules and horses
die in numbers every year and it is not
uncommon among human beings. Many
cases are fatal, many are cured.
My son contracted the disease by
skinning a cow that died of it. He was
infected on the lower lid of the eyes; he
was just able to walk when he got to
Dr. C. B. Fry, of Jennings, La., who cured
him and saved the eye, too. I person
ally know of a number of cases cured
that town. I know the Ingredients
of the formula he used ln the local ap
plication. FRANK. FKABODT.
Afterwards ef a Klaa.
Life.
Ted What do you do when
a man
tries to kiss you?
Marjorle Oh, that s something you'll
have to find out for yourself.
. Love's Young Dream.
Cartoons. s
Katie (very earnestly) If you had
never met me. darling, would you have
loved me Just the same?
George (fervently) Tea. dearie-more.
Twenty-five Years Ago
Prom Tha Oreeonian. of October 19. 1890.
Rome. Oct. It. Mount Aetna Is in a
state of eruption. The whole eastern
mountain is covered with a thick layer
of cinders.
Commencing with the first of next
month Pav Campbell will resume hi
old position as hose driver on Engine
No. 1. The company is now stationed
on Fourth street, between Morrison
and Yamhill. 8trong, active and will
ing, an abstainer from Intoxicants,
Campbell s a model fireman.
Professor Whistler will give an
aquatic exhibition at 3 P. M. today qn
the Columbia River opposite Vancou
ver, at the terminus of the Vancouver
motor lina. He will walk over the
water, blow up a ship with torpedoes
and perform many other feats on the
water.
Slgnor Liberati has kindly volun
teered to give a sacred concert this
evening by his tall band of 60 selecte-i
and eminent artists at the cathedral.
Third and Stark streets, for the benefit
of the St Mary's Home for orphan boys
and girls.
W. H. Shelley, a representative of
the California Fish and Game Commis
sion, arrived ln this city yesterday for
the purpose of securing about 200 Mon
golian pheasants for the purpose of
stocking that tate with them. About
three years ago the Legislature of Cali
fornia made an appropriation of $2000
tor tne purpose of importing
game
oiros.
W. J. Snodgrasa. of La Grande, was
In town yesterday, having come in
from Salem, whore he went to secure a
cashier for the Farmers' & Traders'
National Bank, of La Grande, of which
he Is the president.
Half a Century Ago
From The Oregonian of October 19, 15SJ.
We are ln receipt of the Montana
Post ef September 20, published weekly
by D. W. Tilton & Co. The Poet is a
live paper, handsomely printed and is
doing .food service for the new terri
tory, it is published at the City of
Virginia.
The telegraph between this city and
East Portland is now ln good working
order. The defect was found near the
eastern shore, where a flatboat had
settled down upon the cable for a few
days last week.
A witness on the Wirts trial exhibits
in Washington the original commission
issued to Jefferson Davis as . Second
Lieutenant of dragoons. It is signed
by Andrew Jackson as President anil
Lewis Cass as Secretary of War. Tho
possessor of the parchment Drocured
It at the home of Davis on the Missis
sippi. The United States authorities in Ari
zona have raised three companies ot
Pima and. Maricopa Indians to fight
the Apaches and expect to . raise an
Indian regiment.
The Dalles Mountaineer says it would
only be right to arm and pay the
Indians at Warm Springs while fight
ing the Snakes.
Messsoger West, of Wells. Fargo oi
Co.'s express lines, arrived by the Cas
cades dtcamer on Tuesday evening,
bringing eight sacks of sold dust and
six sacks of crude bullion and bars, the
whole amounting to nearlv SiTsnfin
He reported plenty left In tho upper
country and a larger shipment may be
looked for yet this week.
The meeting of the Mechanics' Insti
tute on Tuesday evening resulted in
the adoption ot the charter organizing
the association. Officers will be chosen
on the second Tuesday In November.
Iatersuneat ef Ships.
HILLSDALE. Or., Oct. 17. (To the
Editor.) (1) What is the charge per
week or month or year that Interned
vessels have to pay for mooring tn the
United States?
(2) What is the cause of these ves
sels now interned being so?
() Has the British navy during this
war destroyed peaceful trading ships
or killed non-combatants on the high
seas? WILLIAM VILES.
(1) Other than the entrance fee no
charge is made by the Government.
Dock rates are fixed by the owner.
(2) They have interned to escape
capture by the enemyr" '
(2) British cruisers have captured a
number of enemy merchant ships, but
owing to naval supremacy have been
able to take them into port as prizes.
British submarines have lately sunk
several German merchant vessels in
the Baltic Sea, Official announcements
are silent as to whether British sub
marine attacks are generally attended
by loss of life.
Record Ante Sales.
COTTAGE GROVE. Or.. Oct. 17. (To
the Editor.) A beta that the Stude
baker is the next car to the Ford In
sales. B bets that the Cadillac is next,
who wins? Sales in United States.
L. K. B.
Neither the Studebaker nor the Cad
illac Company ranks next to the Ford
Company ln the number of sales. Ac
cording to the sworn statements made
by tbe members of the National Auto
mobile Chamber . of Commerce, the
Willys-Overland ranss second to Pord
and this year tbe Studebaker Corpora
tion ranks fourth. The Cadillac Com
pany builds fewer cars -than the Stude
baker Corporation. ,
Italian Prima Ministers.
PORTLAND. Oct. 17. (To the Editor S
Please state who was Prime Minister
ot itaiy in l&sv-a. s. A. ARATA.
In 1887 Italy's Frlme Minister was
Agostlno Depretes. who died about the
middle ot the year. He was succeeded
by Francesco Crlspl. who retained the
post until February, 1891.
Meat Ordinance In Court a.
PORTLAND, Oct. 18. (To the Editor.)
Kindly Inform me whether the moat
Inspection ordinance is being enforced?
No. It is held up by Injunction. The
case is now before tbe State Supreme
Court.
Foreign Koblasaaa's Proposal.
Baltimore American.
Foreign Nobleman Sir, I would
wed your peerless daughter.
American Millionaire Yea, and she
9 gointr to stsrv peerless.
Looking, Prosperous
It pays a man or woman to look
prosperous. Appearances are often
the deciding weight in the scale.
To be well dressed does not mean
extravagance.
It means good taste and care In
selection.
It means above all else right buy
ingthe kind that makes for busi
ness thrift.
And the guide to right buying is
knowledge of men and markets such
as will often be gained from a study
of the advertising columns of The
Oregonian.
a
t
I