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About Morning Oregonian. (Portland, Or.) 1861-1937 | View Entire Issue (Sept. 6, 1915)
THE MORNIXG OREGONTAX. MONDAY", SEPTEMBER 191 FOETLAXD. OREGON. Entered at Portland, Oregon. Postoffice as second-class matter. Subscription Kates Invariably in advance. (By Mail.) Ially, Sunday included, one year $8.00 ljatly, Sunday included, six months. ... Daily, Sunday included, three months- . 2-o JJaily, Sunday incluued, onu month 1'aily, without Sunday, one year 6.00 iJaily, without Sunday, six months 3.25 L-aily, without Sunday, ture montha... 1.75 Jjaliy, without Sunday, one month ttO "Weekly one year 1.O0 Bunaay, one year li.oO Isunday and Weekly, one year 3-50 CBy Carrier.) Daily, Sunday Included, one year. 9.00 Xaiiy, Sunday Included, one month 75 How to Jiemit Send postoffice money or der, express order or personal check on your local Lank. Stamps, coin or currency are at sender's risk. Give postotfice address in Xuil, including ccunty and state. Postage Kates 12 to IS pages, 1 cent; IS to M pages, 2 cents; 04 to 4S pages, 3 cents; 10 to G pages, 4 cents; 52 to 7ti pages, 5 cents; to 92 pages, 4 cents. Foreign postage double rates. Eastern BuslneSH Offices Veree & Conk Jin, Brunswick building. New York; Veree & Conklln, Sieger building, Chicago; San Francisco representative, It. J. Bidwell. 742 Msrktt street. . rOBTLAND, MONDAY, SEPT. , 11)15. THE LAND GRANT CONFERENCE. The complexity of the land grant problem and the importance to Ore gon of its early and proper solution are so great that the conference to be held in Salem September 16 at the call of the Governor will be the most notable gathering, with the exception of the forthcoming water power con ference, of perhaps a decade. Pri marily, we take it the state is most interested in the acquisition by actual Bottlers of all the lands suitable for agriculture within the more than 2,000,01)0 acres of the grant. But sound business judgment cannot countenance the disposal of mer chantable timber after the manner that prevailed in the early days of Oregon. Valuable wealth need not he, must not be, destroyed to1 reduce the timbered land to cultivation. Nor is acquisition of the timber for a song by those who first apply compatible with the settlement and cultivation that are so strongly desired. It has been suggested by more than ono person, and it is openly advo cated by some newspapers, that the poor man should not be deprived of the chance the early settlers of Ore gon had to make a stake out of the timber on the quarter section of land which he will convert into a home. If past experience gave hope that the entryman would actually devote the profits derived from the timber to the Improvement of his land there could be small objection to the proposal. Hut all know that unless there is some rigid restriction devised much of the land so disposed of originally would soon fall into the hands of timber speculators, and the state would be no better off than it was during the period when the railroad company withheld the land from sale. The Oregonian will not herein urge upon the conference a detailed plan to submit to Congress for disposal of the grant. It is meet only that gen eral principles which should guide the conference be suggested. The word "conference" implies that there are certain unsettled problems to be solved, and that men are called to gether for that purpose. But it is clear and plain above all that every reasonable inducement to early set tlement of the lands should be of fered; that the timber wealth should not be wastefully sacrificed, and that, on the other hand, every effort of which the conference and the state are capable should be put forward to prevent the permanent reservation of the timber. If this grant remains within the locked area of the state there will be approximately 60 per cent of Ore gon's land not subjected to taxation. Forty per cent of the area of Oregon will carry the burden of supporting not only itself but will carry the ad ditional burdens imposed by the ex istence of 60 per cent within forest reserves, Indian reservations and the unappropriated public domain. The bind grant itself, if restored fully to private ownership, would at once pay nearly half a million dollars in taxes annually. If reduced to settlement it would pay many millions. Unless it is opened to settlement and taxa tion the difficulties which now pre vent early private acquireVnent of the unappropriated public domain in Oregon will not be lessened. . The Government land now open to homestead entry in Oregon lies largely in the eastern part of the fctate. Yet the fortunes of Eastern and Western Oregon are closely knit. The one item of reclamation, and there are several others, illustrates the point. The best development of much land now lying barren in East ern Oregon is dependent upon irriga tion. The stage has virtually been reached when reclamation projects must halt or cease to be a considera tion unless there bo state aid of some .sort. A state deprived of the rev enues that would accrue from full development of that portion of its area most susceptible to speedy culti vation and crop production cannot extend proper financial aid to that portion wherein nature needs the as sistance of man's ingenuity. The time approaches when Western Oregon should do something practicable and generous for Eastern Oregon, not only for Eastern Oregon's sake, but for its own. But it can do nothing if it is robbed of its birthright. In a general way these are the things to which the conference will or should give emphasis. It is re called that more than eight years have elapsed since the Legislature memoralized Congress to take steps to relieve Oregon from the land grant incubus. Oregon prayed Congress to enforce the terms of the grant. Con cress' answer was a lawsuit. That lawsuit has been prosecuted from court to court through the weary years, and today we are back prac tically where we started. The Su , jireme . Court of the United States, after all this effort and watchful waiting, has told Congress in effect that the remedy lies in Congress' bands, not in the jurisdiction of the courts. Once more Oregon must appeal to Congress for relief. This time the hope lies in a conference such as Governor Withvcombe has summoned to Salem. The conference should be able to prepare a resolution more definite than a simple prayer for re lief from the weight of land reserva ' tion. It should be able to make linown what Oregon considers just and reasonable. Experiment or cx travagaist ideas are not desirable. Xor sliould a plan be proposed, if it can be avoided, which would pro mote further litigation with the rail road company. And by this time, it is reasonable to suppose, the railroad company realizes that the opening of the land to prompt settlement is Its best road to ultimate profit from the grant. Certainly It is Oregon's. STACKED CARDS. In commenting on the new jitney ordinance the Portland News, a news paper which has heretofore sup ported Dalyism, says: Commissioner Da!y, howeter. points out that this is the mildest restrictive ordinance yet adopted in this country in regulation of the jitneys. It ia known that until the last hour it was not expected that Mayor Albee would vote for the Ialy ordinance; if he hati not, the deadlock would have continued and no regulation would have been in force because it required a unanimous vote to pass the ordinance with an emergency clause. The corporation interests did not want the Daly ordinance; apparently these Inter ests decided that it was best to get some regulation than none, and the vote was unanimous shortly subsequent thereafter. In private conversation yesterday when no change in the deadlock was anticipated. Mr. Daly said, "I am not sure that the jit neys need any regulation anyway." But though Commissioner Daly is prob ably the goat and was the victim of a last hour clever move, still the fact remains that organized labor will blame him for whatever happens to the jitneys. Which is a nice way of saying that Mr. Daly knew the public (or was it the corporations?) wanted jitney regulation and that the labor leaders did not; that he tried to make good with both rides by fathering an ordinance which he thought would not pass. Obviously the open way to play the labor leaders' game was to oppose any and all jitney regulation. We are somewhat doubtful whether this is a knock or a boost. It apolo gizes in a way to the labor leaders in behalf of Mr. Daly and yet it calls him a trimmer. Curiously enough, it appears on the evening following the declaration by another contemporary that under commission government "everything; Is open,. The cards are on the table and everybody can see exactly how the game is played." This beautiful compliment was paid to commission government on the same day that Commissioner Daly stacked the cards. FUNDS FOB NATIONAL DEFENSE. President Wilson is reported to have definitely decided to push his plans for National defense and it is estimated that appropriations of $500,000,000 for Army and Navy combined will be needed to carry them out. That is double the usual amount and will be required at a time when the treasury is running behind $70,000,000 to $80,000,000 a year. This fact will not prevent the Pres ident from going ahead with his Na tional defense programme, nor should it. As soon as Secretaries Garrison and Daniels have made their recommendations, the Cabinet will thresh them over. The President will then confer with the chairmen of the House and Senate committees on Army, Navy and appropriations, in order to enlist the support of the Democratic leaders. The programme laving been agreed on, the next thing will be to find the money. There is the rub. The treasury al ready shows a deficit and the deficit will be larger by $35,000,000 a year when sugar goes on the free list May 1, 1916. The emergency tax law ex pires December 31 and will doubtless be extended, but that fell short of expectations and did not fill the gap. In excess of $200,000,000 of Panama Canal bonds remain unsold, which can lawfully be put on the market without further legislation, but the President and the Democratic Con gress leaders have a Superstitious dread of selling bonds, growing out o Cleveland's experiences. The pres ent duty on sugar might be continued. but the President does not wish to change the tariff. The prospect is that material ad ditions will be made to ' the emer gency and income taxes, but the sum needed to meet special expenditures for defense and to make good two years' deficit will be at least $350,- 000,000. No such sum can be raised in the manner described' without im posing a burden which will cause trouble. Issue of short-term notes has been suggested as preferable to bonds. If the President would cast aside all political considerations in a mat ter which does not concern party, he would recommend sale of the canal bonds, renewal of the emergency tax, with some additions, and continuance of the sugar duty. A special bond issue would provide whatever sum was then lacking, but the total could be materially reduced by rigid econ omy in all civil departments and by sale of useless Army p ists and Navy- yards. If the President could in duce Congress to pass the latter measure, it would be a greater triumph, because more arduous, than passage of a tariff bill. THE FRCITS OF COWARDICE. The sole satisfaction which Rep resentative Humphrey derived from his fight against the seamen's law is that of being able to say: "I told you so." For ten years he has fought it, predicting its disastrous results; now he sees his prediction fulfilled. The last American ship was driven from trans-Pacific trade when the Minnesota was sold and Japan is now supreme on the ocean. This ia the fruit of cowardly yield ing by Congressmen to their fears of demagogues and lobbyists. Some of those who voted for the bill secret ly hoped that President Wiison -would veto it, but Mr. Wilson lacked either the courage or the clear mental vision of his predecessor, Mr. Taft, who dis approved it. The bill sails under false colors. It purports to free the American sailor from imprisonment for desertion, but not an American sailor has been im prisoned for desertion in a quarter of a' century. Of the members of the Sailors' Union, whom it was designed to benefit, not 5 per cent were born in the United States and not 10 per cent have been naturalized. The law was designed to benefit foreign sea men. v The bill pretends- to increase safe ty at sea, but its sponsors objected to any requirement that able-bodied seamen be trained and qualified to handle a lifeboat. They insisted that any man who had served a certain time on deck at sea or on the Great Lakes be held qualified, though he might never have handled an oar or have done anything but scrub decks and polish brass. They cared noth ing for safety at sea, but cared only to give employment to certain men. A provision on which Andrew Furuseth Insisted most strenuously is the one requiring the collector of cus toms to detain a ship when an Amer ican citizen files an affidavit that the law has not been complied with. Such an affidavit might be made as to any detail of the law and, if that charge were dismissed, another might continue the tie-up. As to the mo tive, Mr. Humphrey saya: The president of the &eamens Vnion was wiliuuj to currosular all oLuer r-ravtsionj). but never this one. Imprisonment of the sailor or safety at sea was insignificant and unimportant compared with this pro vision that gave power to coerce all ships to do his bidding. So long as this provision remained, he was in favor of the bill. If this provision went out, he had no desire to see the bill passed. I speak from exact and personal information upon this matter, for I was a member of the committee for ten years that had constantly before it this bill and that, every session of Congress, listened to the arguments of those who were urging this legislation. There is small hope of -wise ship ping legislation from Congress when it can be imposed upon' by men of narrowly selfish motives and can be intimidated to pass a measure so pernicious in its effects as the sea .men's law. TOO MUCH MEDICINE. In discussing the causes of depres sion in the lumber industry The Ore gonian omitted one cause lack of confidence. This feeling arises from conditions existing not only in the lumber industry but in all other in dustries. Those conditions have been brought about by continual change in the laws affecting business and by threats of further changes. The legis lative and administrative acts adverse to the lumber industry which we have already detailed are only typical of similar acts affecting all industry. The result is that business men fear to move forward and capitalists fear to invest, because of certainty as to some obstacles which they would en counter and of uncertainty as to what additional obstacles may be placed in their path. This fear is expressed in the term: "Lack of confidence." Other industries than lumber enjoy prosperity, but it is due to an ab normal, highly artificial cause, which may in any month cease to operate namely, the war. For the time being the war has obscured the effects of lack of confidence, but they are still working in the reluctance of business men to bran.cn out and of "investors to undertake new enterprises. Peace would no sooner remove the artificial stimulus which the war has given to business than the full effects of ad verse legislation and of consequent lack of confidence would become apparent:-- The foreign competition to which the Administration has ex posed us would be intensified by the struggle of belligerent nations to re cover marekts which they have lost and to rebuild industries which now stagnate. Capital knows this, and therefore fears to move, though it ac cumulates in unprecedented volume and is eager to be at work. No doubt the laws relating to busi ness are far from perfect, but there is a limit to the amount .of surgery that a patient can endure without a respite. It is time for our Democratic doctors to consider whether some of the remedies they have already am ministered were not too drastic and whether they would not better devote some time to building up the patient's physique and nervous system before performing another operation. It is poor praise for a surgeon to say that the operation was a success but the patient died. TELL, THE PEOfpE THE TRUTH. In a recent speech at Newton, Mass., Senator Lodge put his finger on the greatest fault in Mr. Daniels' record as Secretary of the Navy, and he placed the blame for our National de fenselessness where it belongs on Congress. He arraigned Mr. Daniels for lack of frankness, a quality with which he justly credited Secretary Garrison, and he proved the charge out of Mr. Daniels' own mouth. He quoted the Secretary as saying the Navy "is ready to meet any emergency," and as then saying: "We do lack certain ships." Mr. Lodge pointed out that obviously both statements cannot be true, for if we lack certain ships, the Navy can not be ready for any emergency. , The Senator went on to disprove the further statement that "every at tempt is being made to correct that situation" as to the lack of certain ships. We lack battle cruisers, but none have even been authorized. We need guns of longer range. Our sub marines are "mostly of old and infer ior types and useless." A number of new ones have been authorized, but those authorized in 1914 have' only just been begun. We have no scout cruisers. We have a few inferior aero planes, where we ought to have a thousand of the best quality. We have no corps of aviators, no pilots or mechanicians. We have not enough mines or ammunition, and we are short 18,000 men. Nothing is being done to supply most of these needs, and the effort to supply the rest is slow and inadequate. Mr. Lodge declared this question not to be one of party, for both parties in Congress are to blame, but he just ly arraigned Mr. Daniels for lack of frankness. The Secretary is so con firmed a politician that be cannot shake off the habit of defending him self when he should be stirring up the people to drive Congress to make good deficiencies he knows to exist. The men who handle the Army and Navy-must rise above this personal, political motive if the Nation is to be made safe against attack. How far Mr. Daniels will go to fool the people is shown by the fact that the subma rine F-4 was still retained on the active list of the Navy on August 1, though it had lain at the bottom of the Pacific Ocean since March. If Mr. Daniels will only tell the people the truth, they will not blame him for the delinquencies of others, -and they will help to secure the means of making good those delinquencies. FREEDOM OF THE SEAS. The Oregonian is asked by a sub scriber to define freedom of the seas. as the term is used in tentative peace proposals. The principle has seen a gradual development. The Romans regarded the sea as open to all, but in the middle ages maritime powers claimed sovereignty over those por tions adjacent to their own territory. Lawrence in his "Principles of Inter national Law" says: Thus Venice claimed the Adriatic, Den mark and Sweden declared that they held the Baltic in Joint sovereignty, and Eng land asserted a claim to dominion over the seas which surrounded her shores from Stad land in Norway to Cape Finlstrre in Spain and even as far as the coast of America, and the unknown regions of the North. Den mark put in a counter claim to the Arctic seas and especially to a large zone around Iceland. These claims imposed an obligation to police the seas against pirates, who were then numerous, and did not carry the right to exclude vessels of other nations, though tolls were often levied for putting down piracy and licenses to fish were given for money. But after the discovery of America Spain claimed the whole Pacific Ocean and tried to exclude vessels of other nations, and Portugal claimed ;.e Indian Ocean and the route around the Cape of Good Hope, nrhfir nations ismored these claims and Queen Elizabeth, pi England, told the Spanish Ambassador that no people could acquire a title to the ocean, but its use was common to all. The old claims were gradually mod ified until territorial waters were re duced to the gulfs and marginal waters, but for more than 100 years after Great Britain had ceased to ex ercise sovereignty over neighboring waters she claimed the right to a salute to her flag. The last attempt to enforce sovereignty over a part of .the sea was made by the United States in 'the Bering Sea arbitration in 1893. The decision was against the United States. Sovereignty over narrow seas con tinued much longer. For 500 years Denmark collected tolls from ships passing through the Sound, the Great Belt and the Little Belt, on the theory that they were necessary to maintain lighthouses and buoys. The claim was abandoned by treaty and other nations, Including the United States, paid Denmark compensation. The only exception to the freedom of nar row seas new is the Dardanelles and Bosphorus, over which the Turkish right to restrict navigation is recog nized by special treaties. The principle of freedom of the sea was invaded by Britain during the war with Napoleon. The right to search neutral vessels fcr contraband was recognized by the United States, but Britain claimed and exercised also the right to search American ves sels for British seamen and to im press them into the British navy. This dispute led to the war of 1812, but the Treaty of Ghent, which closed the war, was silent on that point. After peace was restored in Europe in 1815 Britain abandoned the prac tice of impressing seamen. Law rence says: The claim of right has never been formally abandoned by the British government, but modern English, writers regard it as in defensible, and It ia not likely to bo re vived. Another moot point regarding free dom of the eeas concerned the maxim "free ships, free goods." Formerly Great Britain held that an enemy's goods, even though non-contraband, were subject to seizure when found on a neutral' ship. Other nations contended that, the ship being free from seizure, the goods should be free also; hence the phrase. Britain yielded the point by signing the Declaration of Paris in 1856, the sec ond article reading: ''The neutral flag covers enemy's goods with the ex ception of contraband of war." The freedom of the seas was thus finally established. Any interruptions at the present time are due to the hostilities between Great Britain and Germany. The latter has violated international law by laying un anchored mines, by torpedoing mer chant ships without warning and by bombarding unfortified towns. The former has also violated interna tional law by seizing neutral ships carrying enemy goods and by assum ing the right of blockade without proclaiming or putting a blockade In effect. Germany professes a desire to rescue freedom of the ''sea from British naval supremacy, but in peace the seas are as free to ships of other nations as to those of Britain. Until Germany explains what is meant, we are unable to un derstand in what respect she desires to change the normal status. The bottle that holds a "quart" of beer cannot contain a quart of any thing else. The bottle filled by the brewer holds five-eighths of the al leged quantity of the beverage; the balance in the hilarious feeling that ensues. It is all very well for Mr. Roberts to propose polygamy in Europe, but would the men want more than one wife, or would several women want a husband on shares? It is enough to make a fellow wish to be cremated and have his ashes scattered to learn of the elaborate funeral ceremony and interment of a parrot at San Rafael, Cal. If Japanese troops should turn up on the eastern battlefront against Germany the German poets would re vise their "Hymns of Hate" to fit the new enemy. There is a revival of old times at Oregon City today when firemen com pete in the wet test and other rival ries dear to the heart of the volunteer firemen. If the United States could only dis cover which Mexican faction is raid ing across the border, we should know upon iwhom to declare war. Wilson will not butt into the peace business until asked by Great Britain and Great Britain is firm in saying she is not Teady for peace. If the gunners at Fort Stevens can hit a target eight miles distant, what wouldn't they do to a hostile battle ship? The Quiniaults have just picked up $72,000 velvet on salmon, which ought to pay for a number of cars. Oswald Garrison Villard is the kind of German-American whose heart is on the right side of the hyphen. The National Republican plan of apportionment eliminates some of the negotiable colored delegates. When in trouble, even the Czar has to turn from the nobility of blood to the nobility of brains. Polygamy in Europe, following the war, needs a better prophet than Brigham H. Roberts. The rain god has been kind to the hopplckers, but the clouds foretell bad days to come. Mosier pears are going to the fair", but wait until they see the Mosier apple. This is one day when the Park streets are not parked with cars. Have the jitney men got a proper 'Marks, the lawyer?" Put Vancouver on your list of dates. This is a holiday of strenuous rest. Go somewhere today. If m Long Way to Tlpperai-y." MILLWOOD, Or., Sept. 4. (To the Editor.") In the song, "It's a Long Way to Tipperary. is Aster Square not men tioned? Everyone here sings it "Lester Square." Which is right? N. B, Leicester Square ia correct. Twenty-Five Years Ago From The Oregonian of July 6. 1SUO. The State Board of Horticulture lias notified several orchardists in Jackson County that they must clear their trees of insect pests within 15 days, or the trees will be cut down and burned at the expense of the owner. The Swedish-Americans will celebrate the 252d anniversary of the landing of their forefathers in America- The meet ing will be held at the Tabernacle, cor ner Tenth and Morrison streets, at 2 o'clock P. M., Sunday, September 7. The ministers of the different churches will address the audience. Manager Koehler. of the Southern Pacific, has been up as far as Eugene on the East Side road, accompanied by Chief Engineer De Sherer. Washington, Sept. 5. The Depart ment of State has a, telegram from Consul Adamson, of Panama, saying the strike of the railroad laborers was practically ended. Salonica, Sept. 6. One-fourth of the city is in ruins. The British and Greek consulates, the Greek hospitals and schools and the Turkish mosque are all destroyed. Twenty thousand persons have been made homeless. Madrid, Sept. 5 Cholera is decreasing- in the provinces, but is slightly in creasing in the City of Valencia. The splendid cast which Al Hayman and Daniel Frohman are to give to "The Prince and the Pauper" at the Marquam Grand next week, including Elsie Leslie, has already aroused un usual interest in the coming production of Mark Twain's story. Chicago, Sept. 5. The American Pow der Company was incorporated at Springfield, 111., yesterday. It is learned today that it is to be a trust which will close up a number of small works in the country. Bethlehem, Pa.. Sept. 4 Rev. Henry Romminger. of East Portland;- Or., had a novel experience here recently, when he officiated at the marriage of his own mother, for which purpose he came overland from Oregon. MILITIA FOR PATROL OF FORESTS. Writer Suggests National Guard Could , Bent Protect Timber Wealth. MONMOUTH, Or., Sept. 4 (To the Editor.) In conversation with a gen tleman recently regarding forest fires, tnis suggestion was offered and it seems to me to have value: Use men of the National Guard for all fire pa trol service, including trails, etc The arguments: They carry a certain respect which belongs to the Army, and many who would defy or ignore a civil officer would respect these men; they hold office not by appointment but hv enlistment, hence have no friends to reward nor enemies to punish; again, they are the state's men by their call ing and so recognized; again, it would furnish good, ample, wholesome, useful training such as they try to get in their summer camps, and in an addi tional way return something- to ihA state; they are reliable and will rr.t start nor add to a. fire for the nurnnun of getting employment to extinguish it, as is sometimes charged to citizen fighters of fire; they are now furnished by the state, so but little additional expense would be incurred. mere are other forceful arimmonta but I want to be brief, knowing you will see them all at a glance. I take t mis is not a new idea at all. hut is it worth the while to discuss it in your paper that people may have time to minK. it over? I am writing this merelv interested in saving our state the awful annual loss. CITIZKV The plan would probably require re organization of the National Guard, as the enlisted men give only incidental service to the state, and must look to private employment for a livelihood. Sour Milk Aids Dentist. Paris dentists have found that- nnr milk will cure certain diseases of the mouth and gums heretofore difficult to overcome. Pacific Northwest Fair Dates Land Products Show Portland, October :5-November 13. Potato Show Redmond. October 27-28 Pacific Stock Show Porilanri n-.C.K- t-ll. Washington. Clarke Vancouver, September 6-11. Maeon Shelton, September 7-11 Harvest Ritiville, September -10. Roundup Waterville. September 9-11. Roundup Garfield, September 9-11. Grape Carnival Kennewirk RonromH... 13-15. . ' ' Interstate --Spokane, September 13-18 Walla Walla Walla Wall. RAntAm.A- 13-18. ' " Local Mabton, September 16-18. Clallam Port Angoles, September 15-1S. Douglas Waterville, September 21-24. Hnoliomish -Snohomish. September 51-25 Touchet Valley Dayton. September 21-25. Cowlitz Woodland, September 23-2o. Harvest Palouse. September 27-29. Skagit Burlington. Senlember 27-rWn. ber 2. Western Washington PuvalluD Septem ber 28-October 3. Lincoln Davennort. Sentemher ber 1. Fair and Stock Show Rosalia, September 2-October 1. Whitman -Colfax, October 4-9. Local Fair Wilbur, October 5-9. Local Fair Oakville, October 7-10. Pend d'Oreille lone. October 13-18. Klickitat White Salmon, October 21-28. Corn and Hog Show Proaser. October 21- 23. Stock Show Valley, October 26-29. Stock Show Colvllle, October 26-29. Western National Dairy Show Seattle, November 8-13. Apple Show Spokane, November 15-20. Livestock Show North Yakima, November 22- 27. Idaho. Benewah St. Maries, September 8-10. Idaho Kooskia. September 16-18. Lewlston-Clarkston Lew 1st on. September 20-25. Latah Moscow, September 21-25. Minidoka Rupert. September 28-30. Custer Challis. September 29-October 1. Lemhi Salmon, October 6-8. Horse Show Grangeville, November 28 December 4. Stock Show Lewiston, November 29-De-cember 4. State. Oregon Salem, September 27-October 2. Washington North Yakima, September i - I-1aho Caldwell, September 27-October 1. .Montana Helena, September 21-25. Oregon. Baker Baker, September 8-11. Linn Scio, September 8-10. Columbia St. Helens. September 8-10. East Clackamas Estacada, September S-lu. School Fair Kiddle, September 10. Coos Myrtle Point, September 8-11. Jackson Medford, September 9-11. Multnomah Gresham, September 14-18. Douglas Roseburg, September 15-17. Morrow Heppner, September 16-18. Benton Corvallis. September 16-1S. Stock Show Hood River, September 17-18. School and Grango Fair Cneswell, Sep tember 18. Wheeler Fossil, September 20-22. School Fair McMinnviile, September 21-24. Clackamas Canby, September 20-23. Wallowa Enterprise, September 20-25. Malheur Ontario, September 21-25. Polk Dallas, September 22-24. Gilliam Condon. September 23-25. Lane Eugene, September 23-25. Roundup Pendleton, September 23-25. Local Fair Holly, September 24-25. School FalrButteville, September 2.1. Grant John Day, September 28-October 3. Wasco The Dalles, September 28-October 1. Crook Prlneville, October 6-9. Sherman Moro, October 6-9. t'nion La Grande, October 6-9. Washington Forest Grove. October 6-9. Horse and Mule Show Pend'.eton, Octo ber 5. Local Fair I.aidlaw, October 12. Ixtcal Fair--Sisters. October 14-15. Grange Fair Scholia. October 15-16, industrial Albany, October 14-16. HAY'S OPWIOS OP ROOSEVELT Intimate Vlerr Is Revealed by Ilia I.et-te-ra and Diary. An interesting light Is thrown on the Administration of Theodore Roosevelt and on his relations with politicians and members of his Cabinet by the letters and diary of John Hay, which are ap- pearing- in Harper's Magazine. A letter to Roosevelt, dated Septem ber 29, li97, when Hay was Ambassador to Britain, tells of his having "read a lot of abuse of my country from all sorts of papers," and says: "I really believe these people are our equals in vituperation." The letter continues: It is a curious fact that while no Eng lishman, not a madman, wants to9 fight us. and no American, not f n idiot, wants to fight England, there is never a civil word printed about England in America, and rarely a civil word about us printed iu Eng land. Whether this ill-will is all histori cal, or partly prophetical, I cannot say. I implore my friends at Washington not to be too nasty in their talk about John Bull: for every Idle word of theirs I get banged about the lot till I am all colors of the rainbow. On February 7, 1S99. while Roose velt was Governor of Xew York, he wrote to Hay congratulating the latter "on bringing to so successful an end so great a work: ... during the rabst important year this republic has seen since Lincoln died." apparently re ferring to the diplomatic work grow ing out of the Spanish war. He then said: Compared with the great g-ame of which Washington is the center, my own work here is parochial. But it is -Interesting, too: and so far I seem to have been fairly successful iu overcoming the centrifugal forces always so strong in the Republican party. I am getting on well with Senator Piatt, and I am apparently satisfying the wishes of the best element in our own party: of course I have only begun, but so far I think the state is the better, and the party the stronger, for my administration. Hay wrote confidentially on June 15, 1900. to his friend. Henry White, at London: Teddy has been here; have you heard of it? It was more fun than a goat. He came down with a somber resolution thrown on his strenuous brow to let McKinley and Hanna know once for all that he would not be Vice-President, and found to his stupe faction that nobody in Washington except Piatt had ever dreamed of such a thing. He did not even have a chance to launch his nolo episcopari at the Major. That states man said be did not want him on the ticket that be would be far more valuable In New York and Root said, with his frank and murderous smile, "Of course not you're not fit for it." And so he went back quite eased in his mind, but considerably bruised in his amour propre. When the assassination of McKinley made Roosevelt President. Hay wrote to Roosevelt, amid grief for the dead President and for his own son, con gratulating him "not only on the open ing of an official -career which I know will be glorious, but upon the vast op portunity for useful work which lies before you," and continuing: With your youth, your ability, your health and strength, the courage God has given you to do right, there are no bounds to the good you can accomplish for your country and the name you will leave in its annals. My official life is at an end my natural life will not be long- extended; and bo, in the dawn of what I am sure will be a great and splendid future. I venture to give you the heartfelt benediction of the past. The diary gives some intimate glimpses of Roosevelt. One paragraph describes him as annoyed .and some what alarmed by the situation in New York and as seeing a good many lions in the path," but Hay says: I told him of the far greater beasts that appeared to some people, as In Lincoln's way, which turned out to be only bob-cats after all. At a Cabinet meeting Roosevelt talked of his lessons in jiu jitsu from a Japanese wrestler, who says the muscles of his throat are so powerful ly developed by training that it is im possible for any ordinary man to strangle him. . Tills extract gives nni idea of what the Colonel really thinks of himself: May 8. The President was reading Emer son s Days and came to the wonderlul closing line. "I, too lute, under her solemn fillet saw the scorn." I said, "I fancy you do not know what that means." "oh. do I not 7 Perhaps the greatest men do not, but I in my soul know I am but the overage man. and that only marvelous good fortune has brought me where 1 am. The Cabinet having congratulated Roosevelt on his sermon at valley Forge the preceding Sunday, which was entirely impromptu. Hay quotes Knox as saying: The question what is to become of Roose velt after l'.ins is easily answered, he should be made a bishop. Hay is very severe on the Colonel's "curious French," which was brought into service at a luncheon to Yves Guyot "with great energy and perfect ease. Says Hay: It was absolutely lawless as to grammar and occasionally bankrupt In substantives but he had not the least difficulty In making himself understood, and one subject did not worry him mure than another. On October 23, 1904, the President "came In badly bunged about the head and face," his horse having fallen with him, and Hay remarks: It did not occur to me till after he had gone that 1 had come so near a fatal ele vation to a short term of the Presidency. Roosevelt always spoke of his re election as uncertain, and compared "Lincoln's great trials with what he calls his little ones." Hay wrote on November 3 that the President's fall from his horse might have been very serious and remarked: I am thankful to have escaped a four months' troubled term of the Presidency. Strange that twice I have come so hideously near it once at Lenox and now with a hole-in-a-bridge. The President will of course outlive me, but he will not live to be old. Hay was told by J. B. Bishop of a "tumultuous" dinner at the White House and of John Morley's "speechless amazement." The grave British states man said afterwards: The two things in America which seem to me most extraordinary are Niagara Falls and President Roosevelt. Hay, on November 20, 1904, made some suggestions as to changes and omissions in the President's message, which the two went over together, and he says: He accepted my ideas with that singular amiability and open-mindedness which form so striking a contrast with the jreneral idea of his brusque and arbitrary character. - Hay and Root dined at the White House to talk over Santo Domingo one day. and the President dictated a short message to the Senate. Of this pro ceeding Hay says: It was a curious sight. I have often seen it. and it never ceases to surprise me. He storms up and down tb,e room, dictating In a loud and oratorical tone, often stopping, recasting a sentence, striking out and filling in, hospitable to every suggention, not In the least disturbed by interruption, holding on stoutly to his purpose, and producing finally out of these most unpromising con ditions a clear and logical statement, which he could not Improve with solitude and lei sure at his command. Hay wrote to Roosevelt on March 3, 1905, enclosing a ring in which was hair cut from the head of Lincoln the night of the assassination, and saying: Please wear it tomorrow: you are one of the m.en who most thoroughly understand and appreciate Lincoln. One of the last letters to Roosevelt was: I need not say that when you think a change would be, for any reason, advisable, I shall go. I don't say willingly, but, as Browning says, "Go dispiritedly, glad to finish." My association with you has been alto gether delightful, and if there Is to be any space left me for memory. I shall al ways remember it with pleasure and grati tude. Eorspeaa Rivera Horsepower. The rivers of Europe are estimated to be capable of supplying 46,000.000- horsepower. Russia s share being 12, 000,000. Xew Flm Tractor. One of the new farm tractors is fea tured by a gasoline motor running in side a large wheel, which it moves over the ground, Half a Century Ago From The Oregonian. September 6. 186.V General tflcPowell has furnished cor respondence that passed between the American Consul at Victoria and the colonial authorities relitive to the lops of the steamer Brother Jonathan and the activity of the warship Shenandoah anion? American whalemen and other American shipping in the Arctic seas. Alien Francis. I nited States Consul :it Victoria, addressed a letter to A. K. Kennedy. Governor of Vancouver Island, asking that the depredations of Her Majesty's ships of war on Ameri can commerce be stopped. The Gov ernor s letters in reply show he is mak- ng every effort to notifv the war fleet of the withdrawal of belligerent rights. In Xew Jersey the admirers off slav ery and the opponents of freedom have at least the bad merit of being con sistently wrong. It matters not to them that every other Northern state roes for the abolition of slavery: they Ignore the fact that the South, with an almost unanimous voice, repudiates the abhorred system which has caused all her woe. John Reischer. of Portland, and Miss Katie Uortte, formerly of Xew Haven. Conn., were married September 4 by Judge P. A. Marquam. Theodore Wygant. secretary, has an nounced that the Oregon Steam Navi gation Company has declared a divi dend payable September 9. Sirs. Charles Burchard baked and do nated two splendid cakes for the colla tion Saturday nisht of the Washington Guards at the Armory. The Xew York papers say that 25,000 additional troops have been put on the way to Sheridan within the last few days. This concentration of troops on the Mexican frontier may possibly sig nify something. The remains of Miss Mary Berry. niece of Mrs. S. X". Arrigoni, who was lost by the wreck of the Brother Jona than, July 30, reached this city by the steamer Sierra Nevada, Friday, and were interred in St. Mary's Cemetery. Messrs. A. Cahn oi Co. and A. G. Brad ford yesterday were fully established in their new stores on Front at the corner of Pine street. General Coffin has started his omni bus line to the White House, leaving every evening at 6 o'clock and return ing the same night. Aa to City Manager. PORTLAND. Sept. 6. (To the Edi tor.) (1) Is General Goethals a Ger man? (2) Has Mr. Benson a right to invite anyone he pleases to helo him self to a princely income from our nearly bankrupt city? If, so, why can not any one of us do the same? Is it any wonder we are plundered by our Commissioners? Will we be any better off with one who is given unlimited authority? TAXPAYER. (1) General Goethals was born in Brooklyn, N. Y. (2) Mr. Benson's invitation was en tirely informal. To change to the man agerial system would require a voto of the people; they " would thereafter elect-a new commission, which would select the manager, (3) It would depend wholly on the integrity and business capacity of tho manager and the willingness of the commission and the people to support his judgment. In the opinion of The Oregonian good municipal government is more dependent on the character of tho officials chosen than on the system. The superiority of one form of city government over another lies in the ease with which capable officials can be obtained under it. The managerial system offers a freedom of selection of the chief official not existent under the present commission form. Under the latter the voters must make their se lection from the material that is volun tarily offered: under the managerial system the city does not invite an open competition for jobs, but seeks out its manager. Duront. Crown Princess and Hinterland PORTLAND, Sept. 5. (To the Edi tor.) (1) For the benefit ofthe many who believe the execution of Theodore Durant, of Sin Francisco, convicted of the murder of two girls, never took place and that another masked man was hanged in his place, will you kind ly give space to the opinion of The Oregonian on the subject? (2) Of what nationality is Cecile. the Crown Princess of Germany? Was there a divorce between her and the Crown Prince this past year? (3) What is the meaning of the term hinterland"? Why is the term used and from what does it spring? INQUIRER. 1. The story is Idle gossip. 2. The wife of the Crown Prince was the Duchess Cecile, of Mecklenburg Schwerln, one of the federated German states. They are not divorced. 3. Hinterland is the region lying he- hind tho coast district. The terra is used especially with reference to the "doctrine of the hinterlnnl," some times advanced, that occupation of the coast supports a claim to an exclusive right to occupy, from time to time, the territory lying inland. The word is German, meaning "land behind." Population of Medford. FORT STEILACOOM. Wash.. Sent. 4. (To the Editor.) Please inform me what the population of the City of Medford, Or., is at the present time, or as near as you can. I mean the popu lation inside the otiy or town limits proper. A friend and mvself liavj a bet on the population. He bet that it was 10.000 or over, an-1 I bet it was under 10,000. F. M. quiNN. The 1910 census places the popula tion of Medford at 8S40. The Oregon almanac for 1915. published by the Oregon State Immigration Commission, estimates the population of Medford as 9200. Well amfd. Boston Transcript. Mrs. Newedd How did you like my cake, 3ear? It is called marble cake. Newedd (trying to break a piece) An excellent name for it, certainly. A Baa, Aetora. Judge. T producer The comedians seemed nervous. What they needed was life. Critic You're too severe! Twenty years would be enough. Must Out" Isn't it exasperating to go shop ping and find the stores you visit are "just out" of the articles you want? Perhaps this difficulty would be solved if you would read the adver tising first. The store news published from day to day in this newspaper gives you an idea of the establishments that are well stocked. It shows specifically what each one is featuring and how each is prepared to serve you. A little reading in advance may minimize the "just out" nuisance.