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About Morning Oregonian. (Portland, Or.) 1861-1937 | View Entire Issue (Aug. 31, 1915)
1 6 TIIE MORXIXG OREGOSIAy. TUESDAY, AUGUST 31. 1915. p ii .- a i a r Gfif (Dretrommt roruD. oucov Eater! at i-wtlaad. Onr, rsteftie aaoae..aaa mur. - laicnium Dun-bnmw la Mix r (B Haiti - Tallr. .i4T lrlodt. Soar I . i .. nuiuijr tr lai.-i. - months.... - 2 1 . T. lur . mO-.. tare montbf. . I I . Hun-tar va-: 1. eaas wi" . la '! SnawaJ. eaa 7"' J a.at Suit.Jej' eia mif . mm .oa.tsa... l-'S M MM 1 S . . - - . 1 ' I . . t Mai vaa. oea amoa .ea;r amai year ....... a 4i-iT. eaia ae f ..a . ao.1 Ueattj, eae J tBs carriers . r . r n-.-ii.Jt. rear l-'i-. avaf ana aietl lb. )-..( amtactl.- maaey -aa ariler ee aareaoal eaeefc J r I ...eal I.e.. Iiwipa, enereaey ere i. ee'Vl.r a eieav !. plCrU e4eree la fr uwlwat.na- Laal aa stale. r ae inn tj ta l . t "'' i - .'. J SOB'S. 1 . . I a-- la a,, te Ct. t i .. : - m . arena trn Oeaa Tee: Vera. at ."... l'r aiBW ."" V" ' -i finMlllUo. R. af. BadX'la Sat V a ' a ! .1 - i-oTi.xt. ti-emmt. ArnT . ti. Otft rtriCtLT WMMJIHWt, Champions of (;.rniBtnl control r water povvr will nave difficulty In an.werirg the criticism of Federal Management of puBllr lanu wnirn w . t- K.v i:ntpnnf I l.ir r of V h I n fn. at th rntnt ornr cor frr n. . Il hwl thai ! 0-rnmnt tiabiiuaKy prirtKM u--h prtKTiirirn lin in Jatif tth public land a lo r ' Inrfflctanary n4 as to work gra Injtj.u.-.? to th atalcs ronoernJ. an l!l'Wtron. Mr. Utar took tnc .r cf tfta Coli;t IndUn rera tiin in Ma atatr. hlfh rovra an ar f !.:. u ff. on'r :J-nur mil lap than tha wbola Ptaia of lwUaara. II a.Ida: A . a.d d apaa'bia SIFT. M ,.r. h..a aa-4 ta rra:tua About i p-T cnt of th ar of t rttrcto la In HoTfrrmarl rcavrvra and lha aamo 4Ubrata lnf fl-?nrjr to o In making th rourca of tht rrM aratlabla for u In con for m ' trr with tha tru conrtlon policy. a . - -a a r ail a block rrOaTTf ..atr.inr th r.t of th atate. Vhn U la lalrd to Improi communication IT constructing htchways blwen t-tia-i arraa. thru raarrra lntren. In orHr to connnl communltlca, ro.i'U mut bo built acroaa rr at tat aul coiinlr txpaii. Tha hlh it rxpns which would proprly fall on the rard land U added to tha load borna by tho privately owned rea. Climlnala mul b purue-d Into rtMma or mut bo captured when their crime la committed there. Kea ratln thua ndd to the state's n pense for la enforcement, but con. tributes nothtnc to the revenue for that purp-is. True, tha Government pays the state Jl pr cent of the National forest rcr nue for rna.la and achoota. and d Yotra an additional It per cent to con structlon of roads and tralla In Its for. et. but theso two sums combined were les than J.C00 In for tht litaie of Waj-htnKton. ThU la a mera ; fraction of the irreat mml expended ' bv tha state on roads, and Includes no " allowance f.r coat of law enforcement. The stales mlcht endure this state Cif affair more patiently If the Na tional fore a Included only forest land, but every device Is adopteJ to obstruct elimination of aa-rtvultural land In - eluded within rew-nre. Would-be set ters ara promptly supected of fraud- nlent dirna nnd of playing Into the ' binds of "timber barons." Of what use to "timber haron" would bo an t-ntatrd tract of 10 acres, say. In the inld-t of a National forest? Officials etcuse their dUs by saying; thai , many non-forested tracts within re " series fe worthless f-r arlculture. How do they know? The same thln wa satj ones of the entire country wr.t of the Muwourl River. Look at It ' now Similar remarks were made about the land which has been made pro.lij. ilte by dry farmlnc. The enerry and tna-enutiv of the American people are continually dixprovln such broad 1 f rnrliattons. Kpertence with the National for ' et. xlth mineral land and with In dian rertl"ns has proved that, even , If the government had the authority ' to administer water power, sound po'- l.'T would forbid Jt to do The t.ov ernmcntal mat hme has become so vast. Jntrt.-t and slow of action as to be a monument of Inefficiency. Were the rmte.1 States a rentrallied oVern ' men!, wt-dotn would dwtate that much authority should bo deleiraied to local cffl.nls. Hetn a Government of atn.-tlv Itmlted powers. It should not ' mott to Itself authority which It . can exerctss only In violation of either tha tetter or the spirit of tha Constitu tion. In the Interest of efficiency, throe p,.-t f r-. over the land in the West which the Government undnputabty T-oo-es-'cs should drlecated In la r ice nruiirr t local officials who can de rtdo prnmrlly without reference to ,,.:.ir Wa-hlneton ofn.-ial who Urks th knonlcUe necessary to a correct tlrclMon. TNC W HOT OH WtALTH. Ti spesk of the money cost of the Kur.-pean war la to be almost unlntel- T i'.i. .a r. . f I . the amount but ftifurrs In their mammoth proportions rnu-t mrin somethlrc. The National fit lljnk computes that the five irreat pt:on Involved have Increased their r.or.-productive debt br f I S.10.. . Thts has not all been spent, but war tav.es hare been levied and spent which will eo.ua I the unexpended debt portion. Thus the war coet to these rjt.ons the first year is H0.00tf.009 or more daily, and ateadlly Increartnf;. The estimated wealth of theso five rat. on Is !: 0 oo.0. built up by centuries of work, economy and hardship. One y ear of war represents In coi i per cent of thts sum. An other ear would send it up to II per cent. We can therefore f.sure that In to years a seventh of the perma nent fruits of : centnrles of Christian ; cM!ixatlon shall have been destroyed. This is a cost to present and future fenerations. What of the accumulated wealth of past fenerations? There re- mains to be destroyed the billions of " wralt'i In tha nations Invaded by the ' eou"tct!nr forces. What a terrific de struction It l; To shit means mint the Ttvlnx and future nenerstlors ex tend lhenieve to reclaim In any sense Uil c'.iantic loss? Uke livers and oceans teartrg away ' land from here to deposit It there, perhaps the war Is but creatine a new f.eld of labor for the never-endirg f rca cf energy. It makes the world little mora thin a toy puxa. For J-oars we work to put It tocether. and then with one sweep of the hand we tear It awav and start a!! over strain. In ficures It has almost already otie t-evon.l common comprehension. Nrxt la Ike loss In human life, and leulas, this loss In wealth Is the most appall In and Impressive. Instead of each day brinxlr.c hope. It brines tha direct opposite. In a day Is torn down that which It has taken agea to build up. "KHS4M1IMO" OCB AMI. From Hoqulam comes a new ex planation of our watchful waiting policy w-tth regard to Mexico. A strategist of that city writes The' Ore gonlan to suggest that the Adminis tration la most wise In keeping out of Mexico "at a time when Germany Is antagonising us." The writer delights In tha farsighled policy which refrains from sending "all or nearly all" our trained troops Into a foreign country with other foreign complications rot yet fully removed from the horizon. It seems Incredible to The Oro gonlan that any American who la or dinarily Informed continue) to take our diminutive military establishment ertousH. All our trained troops as sembled at one point would be In sufficient for the covering elements of a real army. We haven't enough army, nor the means of providing on on short notice, to afford even temporary amusement to a real In vading force. As far as sending what w have Into Mexico Is concerned, that aould tend to put the few we hava got Into serviceable condition a con dition not now enjoyed by our handful of flghtlna men. THE BtBI-K rOM.RXA. In the first week of August a Bible congress was held at San Francisco In more or lean Intimate connection Willi the big exposition. Tapera were read by distinguished individuals to show the growing power of the Hlble on the world. We suppose It is still the most popular of books and It to often said to exert more Influence on the charac ters of men than all other printed matter together. This l. of course, more nearly true of the West than of the Orient, but some time It may be come true even In Asia. It vas report ed at the congress that the ue of the Bible to spreading In Japan and China and no doubt It will accomplish as much In those lands as It has In ours when It use has rome to fruition. The leading personage at the Bible consres was or. "Miiiy ounoaj. whose eloquent exhortations moved the crowd to wild enthusiasm and whose scholarship set the standard for the proceedings. One of the signal events of the ronirew was the consecration of an English Bible to be presented to the Jspanese Emperor. European poten tates are already well supplied with copies In their respective vernaculars. but they do not make quite IM use 01 them that might be wished. Perhaps the Mikado will set them an example which they will follow to the good of their souls and tha welfare of their subjects. mfH'K)' COTTAC.E. Josephine Corlirs Preston. Washing ton's Superintendent of Public Instruc tion croud ly announces In a bulletin of her department that the slate has 101 teachers' cottage. These are res idences provided for teachers In con nection with rural schools, much in the same way as progressive churches build houses for their pastors. i ne teacher's cottage does away with the terrible experience of "boarding round" which la not unknown even at this day In some quarters. It also does away with the scarcely less dis agreeable search for a boarding place among the mourning widows and overworked farmers' wives of the dis trict. The teacher has a home of her own where, during her term In the school, she l monarch of all she sur veys and where she can live as luxu riously or as cheaply aa she wishes. The rottage built out of public runos mark a step toward more sraoiuiy and dignity in the teacher's calling. With a roof over her head and a ao- mestic establishment of her own. she la no longer a fugitive furtively skip pine from shelter to shelter with an even rhance of taking up quarters with the. bird. Washington's first teachers cottage was built In Walla Walla County In I0S. The proj.-r-t has proved to be popular both with teachers and pa trons. None of tne ii a:reany nuui are very sumptuous, but Mrs. Preston . - ... that thev Bilrl SreallV tO iha. ..omforf of the teachers and to 1 the efficiency of the schools. This we can easily believe, since the first requi site for a good school Is a contented and happy teacher. miking riiivi novir imr.. The Denver Field and Farm, one of our brightest exchanges, says that B. C. White, of Buffalo, Mont., has the acme of a comfortable ranch home. It has many of the modern conveniences that until a few short ears ago were found only In the more expensive city dselllngs. and some that were not even known a decade ago. The owner of this fine home Is a farmer out and out. but he has a very lanre tract, some 1500 acres, on which he raises principally wheat. So some III av that the White home Is be yond the reach of tnot farmers. It perhaps u In size and finishing, but there are many ranch homes In Ore on where the conveniences are prac tically as modern as those In the White home, and some of these are on mucn smaller fnrms. e recall one that was recently described In our news col umns by Addlon Bennett, the home of James Pelton. north of the Upper Klamath Lake, near the to n of Fort Klamath. The fact l that any prosperous farmer can In theee days. If he desires, build and maintain a home on his land that will far outshine the majority of the best city homes of less than a gen eration ago. This has been made pos sible by the electric llht. the tele phone and the gasoline engine. But of course the gasoline engine also may supply the electric lighting If desired. One of the rreatest boons to the country folk Is ga..dlr.e and the ma chinery It can be made to operate. On the White place the washing, churn ing, house healing and mot of the laborious work of Indoors, both In house and barn, are done by machinery run by gasoline engines, and In all cases done at a great saving In cost. In these days when the country dis tricts are losing annually the brightest ar.d beet of the sons and daughters of the farmers, who flee to the cities. It would bo Interesting to note why they lcave the old home. As a rule we think It would be found that the homes left behind were far from pleaeant. There were too much drudgery, too little play, too little amusement and too lit tle Incentive to remain. If home life on the farm were made what the majority of farmers can make It If they wish, if the sons and daughters were more fully taken Into the tonfldcnce of fattier and mother. If the sons were given a pig. a calf or a colt that would not be taken over without request by the parents when it became' a hog. a cor or a horse If the parents would be honest with their children and give them a home that they would be proud of themselves and proud to Invite their friends to, then there would be fewer cases of boys and girls leaving the old homes, where they ahould have been independent, for the city, where they are bound to be dependent. At the old home they should have been at least the equals of the masters; In the city- they are but servants. If this policy were pursued for a generation by the fathers and mothers on our farms there would be an end to this cry f back to the land. KMAI.IXR CITIES. The pride that cities Uke In their bigness goeth before a fall in theso lat ter days. There Is a marked reaction againt heaping up population In mam moth centers and the small city is coming Into favor. The manufactur ers were perhaps the first to find out the advantages of the town of less than ?90.000 people over hugcr aggregates like Chicago, London and New York. The smaller place affords better light. ampler grounds for the plant and lor workmen's dwellings, with less rent to pay, or less money to sink In real es tate, while at the same time the ship ping facilities are all that could be desired. Modern transportation tins destroyed all the superiorities of great cities as far as shipping Is concerned. An energetic town of moderate size msv hsve quite ss good sewers, "water supply and paving as the larger places and nt less cost. The editor of "En gineering and Contracting" has taken pains to point out to hla readers that the engineering problems of the over populous metropolis are more difficult than those of the lesser city and there fore, as a matter of course. It is more expensive to solve them. Farts like these are bringing towns of moderate size Into great favor with residents as well as manufacturers. Perhaps the big city has some advan tages In the way of the opera and thea ter, but even these might be secured for smaller towns by an easy system of combination. In England there is a successful organization which makes a business of founding small cities for manufacturing and for pleasant dwell ing places. It is called the "Garden City Association." The promoters In vest their money In a new town site, rcnl building lots to applicants on long leases and let the tenants make such Improvements as they wish. Phare holdcra In the association expect to receive 5 per cent return on their In vestment. All profits above that sum go to the city to make Improvements and reduce taxes. In one of the towns founded on this system a resident manufacturer fid Professor J. R. Smith, of Pennsylvania University, w ho Investigated the experiment, that with in a few years no tnxes need be levied. Tnis situation would naturally attract manufacturers. The prime object of the Garden City Association has been to divert the pop ulation of England from the great cities where degeneracy is almost un avoidable and give It better living con ditions. Some English authorities fix the "maximum population of an Ideal city at about 32.000 people." This may- appear rather smnll, but. as lar ns tne welfare of the Inhabitants Is con cerned, it is better to err on that side. There la no danger In scattering popu lation, while there are all sorts or dangers in concentrating It. ADDING .TB.rSOTII TO THE ENEMY. All. Including allied enemies of Ger many, agree that the empire's Generals and soldiers are splendid, but the dip lomats and Jingo writers and agitators threaten to neutralize all thut tne armies accomplish for the nation. Count von Ileventlow, the firebrand of the German press, is the latest to dis tinguish himself In this manner. In an article In the Deutsche Tuges Zel tung he says that Germany must cut her way through to Constantinople and make a reality of the new triple alliance Germany. Austria and Tur key. He writes: It Is rtepr that the demand tor fllrect communication brtween Hungary and tn Turklah empire, vrhlch haa r.rund exprea- d rr more anil mora enersetic during a past fere month, la no ephemeral de mind. In other word., amonic th fecuri t:e which the new Trlp; Alliance needs and ran and moil obtain la the permanent aax-urltv of a Dolltii-a!. tniomtr and mili tary link betwe-a lluneary and the Turklth empire between Cnnatantlnnple, Tterltn and Vienna. Only mo can the near Triple A 1 11 an develop Its full elrencth and Its high oat effect. f'r It is eomelhms quite abnor mal and even perveree when two allied power poaaena no assured communications with Ihrir third al'.r. In the rutur times of p-sce. no less than now In war. tha new Triple Alllanoo will eonstltute a srrat strategical factor. The rap-d. thorough and determined build Ins up of this fsc.or Is our most Immediate tak. That Is a fine stroke of political wis dom! The Balkan States are hovering on the verge of war against the new triple alliance when this swashbuckler Count proposes that Germany and Aus tria clear a road to Turkey by hack ing a way through their midst. That Is the one thing necery to cause the Balkans to settle their differences quickly and unite their forces against thts new danger. When thoy hover on the verge, it would push them over. A "politicsl. economic and military link between Hungary and the Turkish em pire" could be forged only by slicing territory' off of Serbia and Bulgaria to reach Turkey. Greece would know that the Teutons would not be satis fied unless they took Salonlca and her other new. dearly bought Aegean ports. If the Teutons entertain any vestige of hope that the Balkans will Join ihem rather than the quadruple alliance, this threat would destroy it. A PIIII.OSOrmCAL ENOCH ARDEX. When Lewis W. Hunt, an old soldier, died at McMlnnvllle hospital recently, there passed to the Great Beyond a character of whom Enoch Arden might have bern almost envious. Fifty when the Civil War was 'closing. Mr. Hunt was given up for dead. He was ten years in getting from the battlefield to his home, after having written that he was coming. Naturally, his wife thought he was dead and she remarried. At the end of the decade, the wanderings of which were never clearly detailed or revealed, Mr. Hunt returned to Buffalo. X. Y.. and learned. In searching for his wife and daughter, that the former had supposed him dead and hod taken another mate. Mr. Hunt resolved to let matters take their course, quietly disappeared, to get a divorce a few vears later and remarry himself. The "first Mrs. Hunt died later, ignorant of his return. He dlJ all In good faith. His first wife, no doubt, was sincere in her belief that he was dead. To have dis closed his living identity would have been to embarrass her out of pro portion to the J-y eho might have ex perienced In seeing him osttln. pre suming she was a loving and dutiful be- llava ahaa was The story might never have been iHti-tnu.1 hut for the daughter, who grew to womanhood and married. She is Mrs. Miller French, or i-arayeue. Or., who not many years ago uvea in Tortinn,f WR.hniml and Clatskanie -r rfirraaanr timM f n Dtctmber. 1912. nabln. to avrrtahllsh the record Of her father's death in the service of the country, she applied for a pension only to learn that Mr. Hunt was him ..ir n. anr ravint the nension She hurried a night telegram to him at Tarrytown, X. Y. One can imagine the reunion which followed. or thn immediate family, the on two remaining members were the father and the daughter. His first wife had died arter remarrying im moving to Wisconsin. Likewise, Mr Hunt had come safely out of war and outlived his second wife. There car be no doubt that he was a cool and courageous soldier In battle. Any anon aa.-h aatlll look llOOn life's tjTOb- lema and meet and solve one unusual one aa he did. with the hope of giv ing the maximum happiness to all annaarti.it atrant nerhaOS himself. could not have been other than a good soldier. Also, his experiences, which in their truth sre stronger than most fiction, recall the domestic compiexi ties of watj The shrapnel shell seems to have been named after Major tinrapnei. Judging by some old Tecords which have been discovered by the Carron Company, of Carron. Scotland, a firm which hn heen In existence for a cen- fnrv anal a half The COmDanV has Un- aarik.n a l.ll.r Hated October 10. 1S04. dunning the British board or oranance for pavmcnt for "spherical case shot ... " - . ... ... . . 1 V. I 1 1 rertltlea Dy .Major snnpnn . for "expenfes lncurrea oy major Shrapnel's experiments at Carron In 1S03," and for "sundry articles fur nished Major Shrapnel for hla various trials of the spherical case shot." These shells ranged from three to sixty-eight pounds each and the price from 6d to Ss each. If Henry Ford wishes to prevent "murderous, wasteful war In Ameri ca." the best way for him to do so Is to help In preparing the nation to defend itself and to keep war out of Its border. That Is how Switzerland has kept clear of war for the last cen tury. The belligerents would gladly make short cuts across corners of Swiss territory In order to reach each other, if Swiss soldiers were not on guard. The Sifference between mili tarism and defensive preparedness Is in the spirit which prompts the action of nations. There is no militarism in the Swiss policy, which it is proposed that the United States adopt. In one respect the British govern ment was ready fcr war. Several years ago It recognized the Important part which motor transport would play and enrolled thousands of privately owned cars by paying a subsidy for both cars and drivers. Parts were standardized, and only standard types of car were accepted. At the signal thousands of cars, drivers and mechan ics were available. Something ot the same kind should be provided for in the Xatlonal defense measures now un der consideration in this country. The British automobile industry is alarmed at the Inroads of American competitors, which began four or five years ago but have Increased greatly since war broke out. The number of ..ora imnorterl has a-rown from 1101 in the year 1910 to 6225 in the year 1914. A heavy Import duty is proposed by some members of Parliament. The critics are making a lively sally against "free verse." They say it Is not poetry. At its best it is merely poetical prose chopped up into Irreg ular lines. At its worst It Is gibber ish. If this is so, a great deal of our current poetry is probably no more entitled to Immortality than a butter statue of Venus. The project of making General Goothuls City Manager of Portland Is vorv alluring. He would want a big salary, but what of It? He would earn all he got and more. KxDloslons In powder mills are re sults of accidents. The Job of touch ing off one of them requires more nerve than Is possessed by an in cendiary. The President la cutting short his vacation on account of pressure of work. The ordinary man with his ten days off has the same reason. n.ntui. from all over the world are in session at San Francisco. They mint miss Painless Parker, wno is running In an orbit of his own. If all the British soldiers learn to cook, many of them will "butt into" the kitchen when they go nome. men the trouble will begin. Another Oregon clergyman has quit the pulpit to sell insurance. Queerly, however, they handle the life article. rather than fire. rhriaimu s-oods made In America m a,,moa this vear. with toys and other things worth ,50.000,000 held up In Germany. Tomatoes and other tender vege tables In the Middle West will go into the pickle Jar as result of frosts early yesterday. When the steatopygous woman dona the Harley, she will show the horrid fat man what's what in ap parel. The trraln on the Aztec going to Australia is one Portland cargo that will not be submarined. Henry Ford Is going to learn war and every man who has one must follow. rnmMar tha deficiency and give us a rain, Mr. Beals, and do it to day. Not even a pulmotor will help the Seattle paper that has Just died again. There will be rain a-plenty before Portland runs short of water. Chief Bender is slated for the bushcrs, too. The dilatory- taxpayer has a few- hours left. Seattle harbor needs aids to navi gation. Is there a hip pocket In the Harley ? Iaast day for the straw "lid." wife as we hava every reason to Twenty-Five Years Ago From Tha Oregontan of August 31. 1S90. The Emperor Francis Joseph and the regent of Bavaria are mediating be tween Emperor William and Prince Bismarck, and a reconciliation is al most effected. The Assistant Secretary of the Treas ury tonight issued a circulsr for the redemption of $20,000,000 additional tbi per cent bonds, under the same terms of the circular of August 2t. The offer will remain open until the 16th. Pendleton Is purposing closing the gambling shops that infest that town. John M. A. Laue, formerly of the firm of Streibig & Laue. druggists, has opened a new and elegant pharmacy, corner Third and Yamhill streets, where he will be pleased to see all his friends. Mr. Clarence Eddy, the celebrated Chicago virtuoso, will play the volun tary and offertory at morning service at Grace Church today. Mr. and Mrs. Eddy leave for San Francisco at 6 o'clock tomorrow afternoon. William McMaster and James Shaw leave for Scotland Monday morning where they are going on a six months' trip. - Mrs. Samuel Heitshu has returned from' a delightful visit at Yaquina Bay. Hoyt's latest comedy. "A Texas fteer." said to be the best he has yet written, will be seen at the Marquam Grand this Winter. Postmaster George A. Steel left for the seaside on the steamer Potter yes terday aftrnoon, and will return with his family, who have been camping at North Beajh near Stout's Hotel. Temperance advocates are rejoicing over the fact that Blaine is now a total abstainer. It is remarked that the list of public men who have joined the ranks of the various temperance or ganizations of late years is a long one. WHAT SUBMARINE HAY LEAD TO Submersible Traffic I.lners. aa Well aa Warships, In rroapeet. ROSEBURG, Or, Aug. 25. (To the Editor.) I noted the somewhat poeti cal article of A. R. Marker In your paper. In reference to submarine de velopment, and while his conclusions are common opinion, yet a little spice of additional imagination might go fur ther. Already the submarine has be come a gun-carrying vessel with a length of over 200 feet, bombarding British cities and shelling neutral and enemy vessels. The development of the future will certainly be odvanced compared to Dresent accomplishments, based upon experience and new ideas. The warship of the future is certain to be armed with guns, perhaps slightly armored, yet a submersible and a wielder of the torpedo tube. The thing which nr.ay subdue this combination might be some new invention whereby a swift under sea craft, like the wolf fish, can hunt its prey In the depths, with an electric eye, or feeler. Short of this the com bination type is most likely to be heir of the past. H. G. Wells has clearly picturea mat the process of present development will result in most freight-carrying vessels being submersibles, so that storms may be easily weathered. A whaleDack steamer is very mild example of the principle. In case of invasion of one nation the landing of European armies n England, or vice versa why could not such submersibles be employed to cross the dangerous seas? Certainly there are submarines under construc tion which have carrying capacity of the weiBht of a few hundred men. Why should not further development invent craft of undersea type to transport a thousand? And thus invasion would still be possible, and war and carnage might still exist by sea as by land. Although the German submarine is a thorn in the English naval programme, yet so far as the troop business and naval programme is concerned the re sult has been almost nil. England's navy has done what It was designed to do, so far. regardless of what the fail ures of the future may De, or inven tions of the future may bring forth. Perhaps, as Mr. Marker suggests, this war will see the downfall of the British empire and the English naval power. Such things make up history, although the races seem to go on and on In some form or other. But what appears more likely than Mr. Marker's conclusions is that Europe may drop from her sphere of influence, as the leader of the world, with its generation of buried and crippled. I agree with Mr. Marker that this war may make great cnangea, ior the other peoples of the earth seem ready to bid for leadership. If left to herself Japan will be the suzerain of China, controlling the larg est population of the globe. Then there are the countries of South America, who are just as ambitious to be leaders and holders of a place In the sun as any European nation. South Africa, Can ada and Australia have promise of mak ing husky nations when grown. And. of course, the United States, inventor of the aeroplane, the submarine, and countless more useful things, dislikes to think of herself as even second to Dr. Hexamer's ideal Germany. Another serious handicap in Europe Is the sense of nationalism of every unit, which continually divides kindred peoples into groups and units jealous and antaeonistic of each other. The Balkan states, Belgium, Holland, ben mark, Sweden and Xorway are cases very much in point. From the standpoint of American re publicanism and individualism, if Ger many could win the war in Continental Europe, uniting Belgium, Holland, Aus tin, France, and perhaps more, into one nation, then overthrow the aris tocracies, as France did, the result mlrTht be considered an advance. But how the liberty loving American, even the German-American, can desire for such autocracies as Russia, Tur key. Austria and even Germany to be triumphant, with certainty of extended and autocratic power, is beyond my finite Imagination. E. F. STRONG. Fly Traps. WREN. Or.. Aug. 28. (To the Ed tor.) Will you please write me where I can secure a fly trap such as you have mentioned in The Oregonian as being so successful in Portland? MKS. J. M. liUla-UilAM. You can obtain, no doubt, fly traps milar to the ones used by the health department -erf Portland at y our local merchant's store. If not. write to Dr. M. B. Marcellus, City Health Officer, Portland. Sees Warning to Youns; Men. PORTLAND. Aujr. 28. (To the Ed itor.) In one of the evening papers I noticed an article, written by a man who thoueht some regulation in the length of dress skirts for grandmothers and vnunsr srirls should be made. He was anxious to know so that when he spoke to a supposedly young woman sue would not be his grandmother. Better be careful to whom he speaks. 1. .vi. t When, Kxplaaatioa Was I -amy. New- York Sun. Adam chuckled. "It is so simple when there Is only one other person to blame." he cried. Plainly he rejoiced that he did not have the complications of a European war, . - MIXIMUM WAGE TEST IS OREGON. Burraa of Labor Statistics Complies Effect of Law la State In Bulletin 176 of the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics, just Issued, is presented an Interesting study of the effect of minimum-wage determina tions in Oregon, aa shown by a com parison with the records of 40 depart-, ment. drygoods. 5 and 10-cent, specialty and neighborhood stores for the tw-o Spring months, March and April, in 1913, and the same two months in 1914 periods ending live months be fore and beginning five months after the date on which the first minimum wage determinations went into effect and at the same time nearly one month after the davte on which the last retail store determinations took effect. These stores employed in the selected period before the determinations went Into effect 1930 women and girls and 974 men; snd in the period after the determinations went into effect 164 2 women and girls and 902 men. All rec ords were cooled from store books by agents of the Bureau. In addition 443 women were personally visited, and a recotd was obtained, showing their age, experience, place of employment, occu pation, rate of pay, earnings, and hours of work, before and after the mini mum wage determinations. The first of the Oregon awards fixed a minimum of SI .-a day for girls under 18 and took effect October 4, 19)3: the second taking effect Novem ber 23. 1913, fixed a minimum of 19.25 a week for experienced adult women in Portland: and two taking effect Feb ruary 7, 1914. fixed a minimum of 18.26 a week for experienced adult women outside of Portland, and of S6.00 a week for inexperienced adult women throughout the state. a a e Since the awards came into effect the rates of pay for women as a whole have increased, but the wages of the three groups (girls under 18, adult inexpe rienced women, and adult experienced women) have been differently affected. Girls under 18 were benefited, the pro portion receiving under $6 a week decreasing from 26 per cent before the determinations to less than 1 per cent after the determinations; the propor tion getting S6 a week was 53 per cent before and 79 per cent after the determinations, while the proportion getting more than $6 was practically the same both before and after. In the period before the determinations the average rate for the whole group under 18 was J5.93, while afterwards it was $6.24. For adult inexperienced women the results were not so favorable. The av erage rate per week decreased slightly, falling from 16.88 to $6.84. Before the determinations 59 per cent and after the determinations only 60 per cent of this group received more than $6 The old employes did not suffer a re duction but the place of a 28 or a $39 a month girl was filled by a $26 girl. .For adult experienced women the wage determinations brought an im provement of conditions. There was an increase not only in the proportion receiving $9.25 a week (the legal mini mum in Portland) but also in the pro portion receiving more than $9.25. The proportion of the force getting $12 and over a week aiso increased, although the actual number decreased. The av erage weekly rate of pay for the whole group In Portland was $11.74 before and $11.97 after the determinations. Some experienced women In Portland were still receiving rates below the minimum to which determinations en titled them, but the number receiving these lower rates had decreased under the determinations from 344 to 102. e a Thus the net rasult seems to be an ,r nnA fllr Vl A Wnm.n AK A Who. There has been no leveling down of wages to a minimum. Some women ...... ..Ingtatamant fiftee on nhfll'ni'a were compelled to accept only the rate to which tney were-iegauy wjiiubu, although it was lower than they re ceived during their earlier service, but whenever the wage rates of old em ployes have been changed since the minimum-wage rulings, the employes were Deneniea. 1. -a..,1..1no- alio atfAt or tho fiTin&T of minimum-wage rates, it should be borne In mml tnat regaraiess oi rawu- . .. Aaa,.m nn t iona therA lir constant changes in business organiza tion from year to year wnicn nave a material bearing upon the opportuni ties and conditions of employment. In the period considered a general busi ness depression was felt by Portland ..ill. AatahliKhnnAnta Which com plicated somewhat the problem of de termining the eltect OI me minimum wage. The effect of this depression . thn mimhrrs emDloved. .v no . . . . . and this reduction affected men as well as women, though to a less aegree, as the non-selling male force is pot as .ji...,.hia a u the Tion-sellinar female aujuaiau.a force. The wage determinations have not put men in positions vncsc m . ii ,(.. ..ha no,, oriainr frnm women. J ' 1 i- "l- -- j i kncjnaa reorganization of UCUCnacu , ' ' departments, and increased rates of pay resulted in an increase in mo labor cost and also in the total labor cost of three mills per dollar of sales. A LITTLE BOY'S FANCIES. Let me sail away on a cloud some day, Far over the mountain blue. Far over the ocean and desert isles To the land where areams come true. I would reach that shore in a year or more, ,h, lieerifii1 eriAnt dwell. And the dwarfs so small by the cave's dark wall. Their hordes of money tell. And perhaps by chance a fairies' dance will -n.r in a WOOOV iH H fV Or hear the song, as she sits the day long. Of an ogre captured maid. Oh, t'will be so fine to sit and dine In the palace of the Tzar, Or walk without fear, through a forest drear. To the 'bode of a witch afar. But mother fair, will not be there. And when my prayers are said. Her good night's kiss I'll surely miss. Though sale in my iar away uru. JOHN H. DICKSON. Counties in Oregon. HH.I.SBORO. Or., Aug. 25. (To the Editor.) How many counties are there in Oregon? "What are the names of the counties that do not pay taxes on money? SUBSCRIBER. There are 35 counties in Oregon. Under the laws of Oregon, "money in hand or on deposit" is taxable property. In actual practice little money is as sessed because of the many easy ways of concealing it from assessors, ac cording to officials at Salem. If there is any specific information you desire write to the State Tax Commission at Salem. Boon to Plump Women. PORTLAND, Aug. 30. (To the Edi tor.) in The Oregonian Monday the person concerned in the story captioned "Hen Harmony Hurts" complained that the noise of the hens has reduced her weight from 19S to 174 pounds. I think if she would take the trouble to look around a little she would find plenty of fair women willing to pay her neighbor to move the hens next to their bedrooms. I am sure my wife would. H- J- She Had. Judge. Mrs. Emberg Has Clara retained her own individuality since her marriage to Henry? - Mrs. Watkins Oh, yes, indeed and Henry's, too. ' Half a Century Ago From The Oregonian of Ausust 31, 1863. The Montana Post describes a gold nugget recently found . in that terri tory, which weighs to the value of $2072. and is entirely pure. Nashville, Aug. 28. Seventy-three bodies, five of them whites, have been recovered from the wreck near Reyn old's Station. One car underneath the others and in the bed of the stream has not yet been reached. It is said to contain over 20 negro soldiers and they have, of, course, all perished. ' Attention is directed to the adver tisement of a new paper to be called the Oregon Agriculturist, soon to be issued at Salem. An agricultural paner is a thing that Oresron has long needed. The people or the state ought to support a paper of this kind, and we trust they will do it. We desire to see the Oregon Agriculturist prove a suc cess. Chief Engineer Buchtel requests that a delegation from each fire company of the city assemble at the house of Com pany No. 4 today, to attend with that company the burial service on the oc casion "of the funeral of their de ceased brother. G. Walter Boy akin, at the M. E. Church at 2 o'clock P. At. Headquarters Military Division of the Pacific, San Francisco. August 30, 1865. General Orders Number 1: In com pliance with the orders of the President of the United States, Major-Geneval H. W. Halleck. hereby assumes command of the Military Division of the Pacific, comprising the Department of Cali fornia and the Columbia. New York. Aug. 28. Napoleon has gone to the Camp of Chalons. Some foreign journals have invented rumors that Napoleon contemplates the annexation of Belgium to France after the death of Leopold, giving the Duke of Brabant Mexico instead of the Belgian crown, and also giving Venltia to Italy, the Danubian principalities to Austria, and territory in Northern Germany to Russia. CONSERVING OCR ARMEB FORCE Reader Thinks We Should Itrsore Mexico In Face of Foreign Problem. HOQUIAM, Wash.. Aug. 28. (To the Editor.) In The Oregonian Wednes day there appeared in the editorial columns a letter written and signed by a Democrat. This gentleman it ap pears is craving war; it does not seem possible that a man calling himself a Democrat would openly oppose the policies or the Administration in the present crisis. I can readily see, as well as anyone else, that Mexico is going a little too far. But do you think it would be the best thing, at the present, to go down into Mexico and try to quell them, at a time when Germany is antagoniz ing us. Mr. Wilson and Mr. Lansing, in my estimation, are using good judg ment in the diplomacy they are using. It would not seem very far-sighted to send all of our available or nearly all available trained troops into Mexico just at present, when another and much greater problem is before us. Your editorials contain good sound thought and Judgment. A READER. Americans, BY A. V. PETERSON. From (August) The New West Masazlne, Salt Lake City. Ancestral lands, these grant we rev erence, Source of our blood, source of our brawn, age upon ape: Yet we are weaned from the lands that conceived us, we yield Allegiance alone to the one that adopted and fed us, Inspired our hopes of attainment and urged us to do. Be this our law, then, be this the pledge of our faith Ever to stand by the free land that trusted and made us. Voicing no spirit of racial schisms nor varied tongue-prides. Who shall deny us the love of our new land, love broad as the oceans. Who shall instill or accept the chill poison of hate! We are Americans scarce more could we be, or . less Lend we no ear to the mumm'ry of Latin. Slav. Teuton or Saxon: We are Americans, one and insepar able, now and forever! Executing Five for. One Murder. PORTLAND, Aug. 28. (To the Edi tor.) Will you kindly answer the fol lowing question through the columns of The Oregonian: Why is it that five men can be executed for the murder of one man in the State of New York? I have ref erence to the case of the murder of Herman Rosenthal. A. 1 F. Five men, who conspire to commit murder, are equally guilty of murder. They are principals and there Is, and can be, no distinction to be made in the degrees of their guilt. Others en gaged in the commission of such a crime may be mere accessories, and their punishment is therefore less severe. The guilty ones in the assassination of Lincoln and In the anarchists' cases In Chicago might be cited as precedents for the executions in the Rosenthal case. Authority for Income Tax. PORTLAND. Aug. 30. (To the Ed itor.) Will you kindly explain what measures were taken to make the pres ent income tax law effective after the Supreme Court had decided that the first one was- unconstitutional? Was the original law submitted to the sev eral states to establish its constitu tionality after such a decision or was a new law, the one now In force, enacted by Congress? INQUIRER. Congress submitted to the states an amendment to the Constitution giving it power to impose an income tax "without apportionment among the several states and without regard to the census or enumeration." This amendment was ratified by the Legis latures of more than three-fourths of the states and was declared in forc9 February 25, 1913. Under that amend ment the present Income tax law was passed. That Way nt Meal Tlmee. Life. Visitor (taking hostess' little girl on his knee) My, but you are a solid little miss. Dorothy Well, did you think I was hollow? Ig Your Advertising 100 Per Cent Efficiency? Manufacturers are keen for effi ciency, for it means lowered costs and increased profits. It means a better business foun dation. But do they apply the same fore sight to the selling end as they do the manufacturing? If more of them did there would oe more newspaper advertisers than there arc. Newspaper advertising , comes nearer to showing 100 per cent efficiency th;.n any other kind.