TITE MORXTXG OREGOXIAX. MONDAY, AUGUST 30. 1915.
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Haw tm Icmtl-lwit poetoffira money of
fer ii;ru truer or persona caeeel our
k.-a. t4R k aiaaipa, e'a or currency are
at nd.r'i rise, . a-ee-af Ilea adareaa ia
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fMIHff Kalea 13 to 1 Pe- cast: la
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K-NOCki0 DOWX A JA OT ffUf.
Senator Chamberlain. is hi speech
on public Unci before tne oar
tion. Indulged In the lavorlte amuse
ment Of setting- UP a man ol straw
... ... kr.ru-a: him down. He CO
jured up a purely mthieal person
who desires to have power sites handed
over free of charge or condition to
annailv mvthical poer truat.
which would develop and use the
power without control oy enner
ur atlon.
if Mr. Chamberlain doea not know,
v. Anhi in know better. He la a
v. . ttiA rommlllet on
public lands. He beard tha evidence
.lven befora that coiumittee on me
ierria bilL One after another, of-
ficiaU of the power companies leau
ik. t. t that thcr were unde
air let control and reulnUon by atata
commlsatons. They expresieu a-i -..
tnr mtih that control. They also
expressed their readlnesa to operate
under control of tne uovermiw.
to Interstate business. The poinia oi
. .. - k..n ht.-K ihir criticised con
cerned only the wudom and rlcht of
tha Government to attempt co.ie
cf rent on water which the suites own;
i. ! !..rtli3n DrODOSCd tO be
nested In the Secretary of the Interior
ia fixtne; rents, mamr ana cas
la refulatlona. varyln terms of
i. . ... Mipti'finci on the amount of
power which any one leasee may sell
to any one consumer, proniomuu
contracts with distrlbuilr. companies,
lecath of lease, period and terms of
recapture of plant by Government
at expiration of lease.
The most Important of these points
to tha water-power states Is that relat
ing to the pmpoed Kederal col
lection of rent on atata water power.
The power companies are only Inci
dentally interesica in mm ium.
at ales would be mora tnoderata than
the Government In adjusting rental.,
but the jeneral opinion of the commit
tee and of Land Office and Forest
fcrrrtce officials was that hlh rentals
would ba unwise as restricting; de
vclnpment and that the rents actually
Imposed would yield a fund not far
exi-eedms; the cuat of administration.
The states have a vital Interest In the
rccrnttt.n of their rtchts. which are
violated by the bill, notwithstanding,
the Senator'a statements to the con
trary. They uphold those rlnhts both
on principle and because they can bet
ter administer water-power property,
their own water and the Government's
sites, than the Government can. They
cvire development more ardently than
Ces the Government and could ar
range workable terms mora easily and
with more regard to local conditions
than could the Government. Since no
party concerned expects to reallxe a fat
revenue from rentals, why should not
the law f.x a maximum and minimum
s. ale. to which the Government aerees
and wtthln the llmlta of which the
states may make leasea of the Joint
property? If lie same law specified
the other terms of a lease, which the
twretary of the Interior was author
lied to approve, the TlKhts of the Gov
ernment, the atate and of the consum
ers, all combined, would be safesuarded
and the way would be cleared for
capital to Invest with confidence.
We have Indicated a clear way out
ef tha entire Imbroglio, by which each
party can ft what It saa It wants.
The Oovernment wants strict terms
ef tenure, whic h shall Insure develop
ment, but shall not be perpetual and
ahall prevent monopoly; so do the
states, and the poaer Interests do not
object. The Government wants pub
lic reirulatlon: the states have provided
It aa to Intrastate business and the
power companies cheerfully submit.
Tha Government has the undoubted
power of regulatir.s; Interstate busi
ness: the states do not dispute It and
the power interests are ready to ac
cept It. .
It should Ka practical so to modify
the Ferrta bill, probably by Incorporat
ing soma features of the Jones and
.-novt bills. a to satisfy all reason
able demands of all parties concerned
the United States, the states, the
Investor and the consumers. Features
ef tie two latter but could with ad
vantage be Incorporated In the Ferris
ti:l The Jocre bill gives greater cer
txicty as to terms and rents. The
Krr.oot bill hands over the power sites
to the states tj be leased, on condi
tion that they ba not pe"nnentl
llenated. Were the latter policy
adopted with the provisions already
suggested as to terms of lease and with
the further provision that leases be
approved by the Secretary of the ln
frl'T as conforming to these terms,
all the good features of the Ferris
bill would be retained.
Th states mot strenuously object
tJ thoss features of tha Ferris bill
avhich provide for Federal supervision
f power plants d.Mr.g business wholly
wv.hlri a state. Th'T object to pro
posed Federal confiscation of atata
water rtshta at the end of a lease
period and to blockade of power de
velopment through tha accident of
lederal !in 1 ownership. The statrt
are ready to la the G verr.rr.ent In
cSlalntng all Its reasonable demands,
f .r they desire those tMr.gs as ardently
as doee the Oovemraert. If the Gov
ernment persists In asking more: If !t
g'.anle by tea Ferrta blU unchanged
la tha respects we have mentioned: If
It Insists upon subordinating the
proper Intereet of the state to the
continued domination and control of
a Federal bureaucracy, development
water power will be delaved still
linger and the responsibility will be cn
tne Oovemment.
The question at issue Is not whether
power sites shall ba given without
price ar condition to unregulated mon
epollea. All r art lee concerned are
&rreed that thie ahall not be. The
Question la: Fha!l an Immense Fed
eral bursa a be buUt up and tae water
power of the country controlled from
Washington City. thu tr.nngUng theli
nrmrtiral develODtnent unlese the Gov
ernment ltaelf develops them. Or shall
a. reasonable opportunity be given to
private capital which hall Invert
nrArr erjlrabla conditions ana wnicn
shall b aubject to discipline and con
trol by the Government In interstate
casea and by the atate In Intrastate
case?
EVnTHODT DOI50 IT.
The- coat of municipal government
In 114 was nearly 1430.000 more
than In 1913. Let u b exact. Tha
flgurea are tltl.402.63. It U quite
a tidy sum.
The hlfher cost of municipal liv
ing cornea at a time when no tax
payer's pocket Is bulging with riches.
EvarV citizen unless he is a wastrel
or Is exceptionally lucky ia obliged
to go alower. But tha city, under the
new-fangled, go-as-you-please Com
mission system. Is doing nothing of the
kind.
Tha Commissioners do not think
It necessary to economize. They are
there for efficiency." The latest move
toward efficiency is to repeal tha so
called "efficiency code." under which
tha city has been laboring for a year
or two. It is thus acknowledged that
there Is em overdose of one style of
efficiency.
Let the taxpayer atudy the table
on page 13 in The Sunday Oregonlan.
Let him take a large magnifying glass
and discover, if be can. which Com
missionerthere are four Commis
sioners and a Mayor has saved any
thing for the public. What he will
find, of course. Is that everybody la do
ing it.
WOOD rOK PATEWOTS.
The North Coast lumbermen ara go
ing the right way about reviving their
Industry when they start a campaign
to find new markets for their products
as well as to put new life into the old
markets, which are dormant. In de
ciding to make a special effort In be
half of wood aa paving material, they
make a good beginning, for the field
Is large and Is growing larger elnce
the policy of paving main highways
has been Inaugurated.
It must not be supposed, however,
that good paving blocks can be made
of any part of a log which Is useless
for other purposes. The lumber must
be sound In every respect and must
come from the heart of the log. The
pavement must be laid with great care
and must allow no moisture to pene
trate Its surface. If thesa conditions
ara compiled with In details known
only by paving men. wood pavement
will compare with any other for dura
bility In proportion to cost, and has the
advantage of being comparative!
noiseless. It has succeeded in other
cities and In climates as damp as that
of Oregon. Whatever failure, have
occurred here have been due to defects
In malerlal or workmsnship. or both,
not to any defects Inherent In the style
of pavement.
It la not Intended to extol wom
above all other paving materials.
There are localities and kinds of
traffic for which each of the many
kinds Is best adapted. But wood ahould
hare a high place among the many,
particularly In a community where It
Is the principal product.
GAME OT WORTH TUB CAXPLC.
There are several reasons for Ger
many's apparent willingness to modify
tha methods of submarine wanare
so radically as to meet the demands
of tha United States. Naturally tne
most mighty of these reasons is the
desire not to become Involved In war
alth the vCnlted States unless the
stake Is large enough to J usury it.
That brings up the question: What
has Germany accomplished by tne
submarine blockade and at what cost
In men and ships T
The fact that only ships which are
sunk or attacked by submarines are
mentioned In news dispatches gives
a false impression of the amount of
damage done by them to British com-
erce. for wa hear nothing ot tne
hundreda of ehtpe which arrive and
depart unmolested. The conditions
recall the old times of open gamming.
The whole town was agog with the
story of a man who made "a big win
ning." but It heard nothing or me
hundreds who "went broke."
We need not go to a British author
ity, for we have a German authority
of hlrh standing for the statement that
tha results have been small compared
with the effort and the risk. Captain
Perslus says. In the Berliner Tagebiatt,
that "the results or tne activity oi
our submaiinea In their war on com
merce are viewed in many circles as
shall wo say "very' modest.' " He con
tinues: The carve ef oar submarines' succosses
has been frsat'r varied. Thera bava boon
k "hen hunlry a b.oett Mp "s been
torpo.1od. whila in olher weeka more than
a aoao ships haa boo a destroyed. Tnue
lor he we-k endlr.c Aueual 4 It was an
ninnred tr. ot Kni.n.i merchant ahlpa
and nine flatlinc eMamars fell vielima to
the V boats It w.e added that depart
oros sad errlvale of aftlpa from and at
Iniled Klncdom porta were 142t. Tnere
rri b n douM thai la any ea at least
iMpf ltntn one wora na
i.k Eno::h sorts Wbea a wnaloar the
rooult of our submarine activity hllherto to
bo that 1 of these Joo ahlpa were ce-
-tj4 it eaa ba nnderatood thai many
pl.-iuaa' will detiare ib.eme.lvee not aat
!sfae No small umer of submarines la re
quired to aita.-k tha lloo ships, mora or
lu. which wlihia one week enter BrltHh
porta. Aeeordtnf. to Nautleua. In May. 1514.
m 3ft cemp.eted submarine. Now
many pop.e iauiM that submarines pe
ine aa small ran be pnxlui-ed In a very
r..rt time Tha modern Ms V boat,
however, uiep.aoes up to and mora tort
and la. therefore, considered. r iaraer than a
torceda-Soat. It preaeata a combination of
trie moat minute and complicated para-r-neroel.a.
eerininc on board h to be set
up wlta tha utm et prw-tatoa la the emaiieet
Spc.. and 11 la therefor clear that tha
period fr tNw construction of a I" boat can
not b quite so short aa ooa would wieh.
Th.M eneta na mora complicated flshtlns
Instrument than tha V boat, which means
tat tha tak of comma!tdin and menacing
It la t asmple or eaai.r learned and that con
..derab.a tuna must pe before the com
mander aad crew are fsrclliar -with tha
nly a child woald accueo the Brttlth of
bemc -4 eeamen. Tbey know bow ta de
f.nl tr.emeel.ea. so they devlw-d many
k.ada ef protectee measuree. It become
mow ana more dlfflcalt for V koala to aet
aear koMUe ahlpa aad launch a torpe.lk
t'raoet fabulous ek.1.1 la required to aou".
all the pltr!a. etc.. set away from torpedo
dretrers -ar.4 ne.ertha.ea fnak a auc
ceeful et'taa, Service aboard eubmarlnee
iernanda tha grealeat eenaloa ef a I tha
mental an.1 phiral force. Apart from
the laiiuil and quality of ear ft-et-cUea
maV'ial ther la the queatioo f qua.lly of
p.rer.anel That ehould ba remembered
w-iea .-alcalaliora a ma4e af anticipate
ucveeae la aubmar'.a war acaiaat na
mere. Captain Perslus reference to the
difficulty of getting near hostile shirs
and to the skill required to avoid
pitfalls tends to confirm recent dis
patches from London that the British
Admiralty knows of the capture or de
struction of many German submarines,
but has kept them secret. When such
paucity of result Is accompanied by
such heavy lose; when It has come
near to adding the greatest neutral
power to tha number of Germany's
enemies, and when It has caused ln
teasa Irritation against Oermany on
the part of other neutrals, the Kaiser
msy well conclude that the game Is
not worth the candle. He may con
tinue to use submarines for attack on
warships and to harass the enemy's
commerce, but he may abandon as
hopeless the attempt by this means to
cut off his enemies from communica
tion with the world.
The general board of the United
States Navy maintains that the
achievements of the submarine have
failed to displace the dreadnought as
the backbone of the Navy, and It rec
ommends construction of a number of
new battleships and battle cruisers of
that type. A member of the board Is
quoted as saying that submarines'
damsge to warships has been negligi
ble, considering the number of these
vessels involved, while only about one
In a thousand merchant ships sailing
from British ports had been hit. Bat
tleships had lost favor In popular es
teem because fetv of them had been
engaged.
When Congress comes to act upon
plana for naval expansion it would do
well to accept the results of the gen
eral board's deep study as a guide.
rather than the Judgments of Its own
members based on merely superficial
evidence.
ABOCT MEDICAL EXPERTS.
Among the evils of administration
of the law, one of the greatest Is em
ployment by each party to a suit, par
ticularly a criminal suit, of medical
experts. Experience has proved that
an astute lawyer, supplied with am
Die funds, can obtain for money any
kind of an expert medical opinion he
desires. Yet. with all due allowance
for controversial points on which doc-
tora can honestly disagree, there must
be a large body of facts in their pro
fession which have become so firmly
established that no room remains for
honest difference of opinion. For ex
ample, scarcely any person now dis
putes the germ theory.
In order that honest expert opin
ions may be obtained as to existence
of these established facts In particu
lar and as to controversial points in
general, it la essential to proper ad
ministration of Justice that expert wit.
nesses should have no sordid Interest
In formlnr and upholding any partlc
ular opinion. Temptation to bias
should be as carefully excluded from
their minds as from the mind of a
Judge. We should still have differ
ences of opinion among doctors, but
they would be reduced to a minimum
and would be honest differences witn
out taint of self-interest. This temp
tatlon would be removed If all expert
witnesses were appointed by the court
and paid adequate fees by the state
and were forbidden under severe pen
alty to accept additional fees from
any other source.
We have had two recent examples
of how this systt m would work. An
lnaulrv Into the sanity of John
Schrenk. who shot Colonel Roosevelt
In 112. by a medical commission re
sulted In a finding that he was In
sane. There was no such scandal as
marked the several trials of Harry
Thaw. In Portland the court appoint
ed physicians to Inquire Into the san
ity of a woman. They did not agree
that she was insane, but the opinion
of all was such that the court decided
to place her under a mild form of re
straint. We should have no such dis
graceful exhibitions of contradictory
hard awearlng as mark personal In
Jury suits. The administration of Jus
tice would be smoother, more rapid,
less costly and would be relieved of a
dark stain.
ECONOMY IN MARKETING.
Secretary ot Agriculture Houston
has undertaken hat may prove to be
hia most arduous task securing the
adoption of a more economical sys
tem of marketing rarm produce, ai
it-, hoet einhnrata machinery Is nec
essary to transfer goods, many of
them perishable, rrom tne prooucer to
the consumer with the minimum of
loss, waste, graft and expenses. This
work Is now done by.a haphazard sys
tem which "Just growed" like Topsy.
It operates with friction, lost motion,
loss of time and consequently of
tt-aite all the wiiv from the
farm to the dinner table. Some men
are In the line which passes tne gooas
along for no other purpose than to
have an excuse for a "rake off."
The system can not be Improved
)., i t- imntmd and It can not
be simplified without co-operation.
That means has succeeded In Eng
land, but It has not succeeded In this
country. One reason Is the extreme
Individualism of the farmer, which
prevents him from turning over the
management of any pan or nis ouai
noe to another man. A second rea
son is suspicion of graft, born of his
Isolation. These oostacies Dnng up mo
-hAl. etenhlA-m fit ImPrOVlnC TUrfiJ life.
If .the farmer had good roads, good
schools, small farms, social gather
ings, his Individualism and suspicion
would melt and he would get into the
mood for co-operation. A third ob
..At. i ih lau.- but niirrlv the Fed
eral Trade Commission can point out
a way In wnicn tne iarmers --u i - -fully
combine for their common In
terest, when the combination is ob
viously for the good of the nation,
vt-itw eheee. nhttirlM removed, there
is no reason why the produce of the
farmer should not De soia nan
it nor cnata the consumer, yet
yield the farmer a far more liberal
return than he now receives. That
done, production would be so in
creased that It would employ every
one of the middlemen who would have
been rendered superfluous.
Hit TAX'S STEW LOBBYING SCHEME.
IV J Bryan would like to have a
National referendum on a declaration
of war. In the absence of any legal
provision for a popular rote, ne urges
the readera of the Commoner to Im
press upon their Senators and Repre
sentatlvea their opposition to entering
the war by writing protests. Across
the first page of the Commoner, he
spreads this proclamation:
WRITE AND WRITE NOW.
Ta power to declare war la vested la
Cnnareae that la the nearest body to the
or-t Th referendum wa then unknown
If the cnr.Mltutlon waa being written today
th peonl would probacy be aiven a refer
endum vol on war, and women tha sreat
t aufferere from war would doubt. e be
aieen a vot.-e. But aa w do not have a
dl-et referendum w should una aery
man we do h to impre upon Senators
and members of Consree tr.e fa-t that the
aeosl. at opposed to entcrir.f th present
i,r Th-y ara In fiver of us.ns tha peace
, rejtr plan ta preer peace and. if that
fa' ;h-y are In tsvor of postponing final
..tu'ement until thin war Is over. This
course will enable us to aaslst aa mediator
la bnre.rg thia war to a close and men
we sh I have ro difficulty la adjusting our
differences Writ your iterator and yr-ur
C.ir.areesman. prolesvng. aealr.st war. Tby
will :is-.en to you. W. J. Uryan.
This would be an aggravated case
of the growing practice of lobbying
by letter. It would not give a true
representation of public opinion on
tha oueetlon of peace or war. It
might be met by a similar demonstra
tion on tha other side of the case.
The great mass of tae people would
send no letters, but would trust the
Senators and Representatives to do
the work for which they were elected
guard the Interests of the Xation.
Being more fully and more accurately
Informed about tho matters involved.
Congress would be In a better position
to decide so momentous a question
than would be the average citizen.
The Bryan plan would cause the mem
bers to be bombarded with letters
from two highly excited groups of
peoplo who would surely constitute
but a small minority of the people.
Their calmness of Judgment would
surely be perturbed by such appeals.
This species of lobbying has become
a growing practice In this country. It
is often public, but it is just as often
secret and is then open to Just as
much objection as personal secret In
fluence by a lobbyist, against which
the Democrats have often protested.
It la no less open to condemnation 'as
undue influence than would be a
demonstration by the crowds In the
gallery of Senate or House, which is
strictly forbidden by the rules. Such
lobbying Is akin to the conduct of
the Paris mob during the first French
revolution. The mob filled the gal
leries of the Assembly and coerced its
members by shouts and uproar, some
times invading the floor and resorting
to personal violence. Congress should
be as free from lobbyist of the Bryan
type aa It should be from that of rail
road, trust and tariff "barons," which
Mr. Bryan has long and vehemently
denounced.
Does a boy get the best part of his
education in school or out of it?
Where does he learn to talk, to use
an axe, a hoe and a fork, and to make
change? Where does he learn the
money values of common things, the
decencies of life, the great moralities?
In spite of their many advances, the
schools are still burdened with futili
ties. If they could only make their
studies supplement the outside educa
tion, matters would be much im
proved. One effect of the war has been to
drive home a large number of young
American artists who were beginning
their careers In Europe, They have
gathered In New Tork, where it is not
easy for them to make a living To
keep the wolf from the door many of
them are competing for a $1500 prize
offered by wealthy patriots for the
best answer In any artistic medium to
the question "What does the United
States mean to the Immigrant?
Henry James says that American
voices are either keen with excitement
or rough with disrespect. An even,
well-tempered voice Is rather rare
If miiet ha rntlfASSPll. Kd
doubt good utterance Is a habit which
must be acquired young lr at an, ana
A nrl.n n na.ant, am fnd hllSV to
bother about such a trifle. And yet a
well-trained speaKing voice nas ueen
worth a fortune to many a young
man.
The man who kept a record of his
sensations while he poisoned nimseir
with carbolic acid has provided a
choice bit of sensational reading for
mnrhM mlnrfn But his observations
have no scientific value, since every
thing he says is probably perverted by
vanity. The craving for notoriety
drives men to strange expedients.
Thora I now a monthly magazine
called "Radium." which sounds the
therapeutic praises of that wonderrui
element. The August number gives an
eomtnr of several cancers said to
have been cured by the radium ema
nations. If It really is effectual tor
that purpose the recent fall In price
will be a boon to mankind.
What one man can do, so can others
In the canning line. The Kelso man
whose place was handicapped by bad
roads to town solved tne prooiem oy
investing In a canning outfit and is
marketing his surplus vegetables in a
way that pays.
vri.ow-oora a atioir of timber 140 feet
long and measuring 20 by 20 would
be looked on aa a phenomenon In
m.niifMiirs TTore it ia an incident.
The tree from which It was cut, how
ever, must have been a landmark.
The eifth husband of a woman up
tha Snnthsm Oregon coast committed
suicide, alleging Jealousy as cause.
and Is to be commended tor not Kill
ing her, as many would have done.
Rrran's censure of Roosevelt for
talking on "Preparedness" is absurd.
Has not the Great Commoner the cross
of gold and crown of thorns In his kit-
bag all the time? .
ti-e tova i on thai traveler leaving
France who must change all his coin
into paper money. Travelers, now
ever. have little business In France
Just now.
uoroaftor the submariners must
board tho steamship, request all
Americans to depart in a short time,
and then, if they can, sink her.
That wis rather uniaue punishment
en a nalr of shoDlifteTS by Judge
Stevenson when he married them and
ordered them out of the city.
Tno-nr Jit. Maharajah, would be
oi-rv. minion, to the Germans as a
oontlve, held for ransom, and he knows
It. Jagat is safe, however.
tr eii m-ho. rlalm descent from the
Pilgrims go to the Rock In 120 to
celebrate, the proposed model city will
not house them.
Th nova of Peace hitched up her
h.i .nether- notch when she heard the
Duponts had bought another powder
factory.
xy.,eitire-eo,n where the mercury
tries to bump the roof at times. Is not
saying much about the weather Just
now. -
V
If risen had to use aa much ingenuity
to get? into Jail as they do to break
out, there would be few prisoners.
oti ara nillns low. with the "r"
on. 'in thai month in three days. Lob
sters, however, come high.
rlirrluin Vnows what to dO With eX-
Presldenta. He would gag them.
ltnnit niver continues to skim the
cream In getting 12.25 for pears.
Bernhardt has optimism to give
away.
Bulgaria Is ready to make a bargain.
Hot times for the Insurance people.
Eat peacbea every day thia week.
Twenty-Five Year. Ago
(From the Oregonlan of August 30, 1890.)
f T3 a a Tn- Prealnnnt
vicoocu, 'o,, nun. -- - -
and family, consisting of Mrs, Harrison,
iiev. i-r. i nomas, airs, nuaswi
son, Mr. and sirs. ilcKoe. baby lie
Keo and Mrs. Dimick, arrived here
this evening from Cape May.
Vienna, Aug. 29. The Freis Presse
-eve ih.l TTmne-rnr William and the
Cxar had a disagreement, in conse
quence of which the Emperor shortened
his visit and hastily quitted Petersof
a day earlier than he had intended.
lions. Aug. 28. The total number of
coal miners on a strike in Borinace
district is 16.000 and the movement is
still spreading.
The British have assumed possession
of the Shire Highlands.
Messrs. Swetland and son, confec
tioners, left Wednesday over the
Northern Pacific for a six weeks' busi
ness and pleasure trip to New Tork and
other Eastern cities. On their return
extensive improvements and additions
will be made and they promise the
patrons of their popular establishment
no end ot novelties in their line.
The Davlnsr of North Front street is
completed down to the center of G
street and will sometime be completed
clear across Q. A stone crossing Is
being put in across 6 on the west side
of North Front considerably above the
present grade of Q, and it looks as If
there might be more trouble ahead
for the teamsters.
Rev. Dr. Eliot and family, having
returned from the seaside yesterday,
the regular service of the Unitarian
Church will be resumed (after vaca
tion) on Sunday morning at 11 o clock.
Judge M. L. Pipes, of CorvaJlis, is
registered at the St. Charles.
Henry Rinehart, ex-register of the
Ian Grande land office, is in the city.
HABITS OF MIGRATORY BIRDS
Henry K. Doaeh, of Hillsdale, Gives
Theory From Hia Observations.
HILLSDALE, Or., Aug. 26. (To the
Editor.) In an editorial of recent issue
of The Oregonian, tho question Is
asked: "Why do birds migrate? It
was pointed out that it was one of tne
great mysteries of the world, and you
a-ave some interesting scientific rea
sons. My own observation in many
years' study of bird life leads me to
believe that "food" enters largely into
this question, both in Europe ana tne
United States. This belief has been
strengthened since we imported so
many song birds from Germany, some
15 years ago. These song birds are
all migratory; most of them Winter in
Africa and wing tneir way norm in
Springtime, using middle Germany, no
tnhiv tho "Rhine country, as their breed
ing grounds, the home of the stork,
as far north as Norway and Spits
bergen. Here, especially on the Pacific
Coast, their range is from Mexico to
Alaska, and why?
Tteeinninsr their Dilgrimage north,
after having depleted the food supply
In their Winter quarters, they come to
California, where the early wild ber
ries and insects have appeared, and
continue this Journey until they reach
Western Oregon, which by nature was
designed as a natural breeding grounds,
the environment as to climate and food
being ideal for their needs. This is
evidenced by the fact that thousands
upon thousands of all kinds of wingea
creatures, even ducks, geese and swan,
stay with us until their young are large
enouch to travel, when in late July
they fly by easy stages north over
Western Washington ana nnauy io
Alaska, where a veritable banquet
awaits them. Tbe thousands of acres
of berries and seeds, which ripen late,
fall to the ground and are soon covered
by snow, which acts as a refrigerator
and preserves them for these birds
when they come shortly alter tne snow
disanDears to the feast nature has pro
vided for them. As soon as snow begins
to fly again they gradually retrace
their Journeys, camping along the line
to pick up the late berries, insects ana
seeds till they reach our Western Ore
gon again, where they usually remain
six to seven weeks to rest and enjoy
our Indian Summer. It is most in
teresting to watch them at that time.
They congregate even close to Port
land, by thousands, in the fields, orch
ards and woods, and station sentinels
up in the air to gather all straggling
flocks Into one great caravan, singins.
chatting and having a general good
time, under conditions not equaled on
earth, for -days Just prior to their de
parture. At a signal some early morn
ing all rise like a cloud and after soar
ing a short time some leader wings out
and the migration south Is continued,
leaving a few of the weaker, who gen
erally remain with us all Winter.
Another interesting observation Is
the flight of the geese and ducks, which
always travel V shape, one wing always
much longer than the other, led by
some male boss, so to speak, who keeps
up a continual command. But disagree
ments will enter at times when some
disgruntled drake or gander darts off
by himself, and always has a follow
ing, some of which at times regret
their desertion and return to the
original flock. HENRY E. DOSCH.
DEATH TAKES PROMISING YOUTH.
Eugene C. Protmtn. 'Writes Tribute to
Edward Mendenhall.
PORTLAND. Aug. 28. (To the Edi
tor.) Edward W. Mendenhall, who was
drowned August 22, was the eldest son
of Elbert J. and Lizzie E. Menden
hall. He was born August 17, 1895, so
had only passed his twentieth birth
day.
The writer nas naa tne oenem oi
Intimacy and friendship with Mr. and
Mrs. Mendenhall during the years of
their married life, so In presenting a
knowledge of my young friend's life
and offering tribute of love and es
teem to his memory I feel that I am
voicing what is also known and felt
by those who knew him as friend and
comrade.
From childhood on through all the
years of life he was In absolute obedi
ence to parental wish, and this In lov
ing reverence. While full of the sturdy
strength and animation of boyhood I
knew him even then to be possessed
of a refinement of character and man-
nee that would have well graced man
hood. A portion of the results of this
foundation of character may be shown
in the following: Three years ana a
half aco he started in John Welch's
dental house as office boy, end during
thia nerlod he grew into Mr. weicn s
confidence and esteem to salesman, to
assistant manager, and. In the absence
of his employer, to charge of the busi
ness. I am also told It was the Inten-
tllon of Mr. Welch to promote mm.
when of age. to charge of a branch to
be started In another city.
But In closing I will say great as
these promises were of future business
character and business success, there
was also a promise Immeasurably
arrester In value wnicn was Deing De
veloped in this remarkable young per
son. In him there were every indica
tion of possession and growth of a
strong, rich, spiritual nature, and this
was constantly being exemplified in
his dally life. That this life was not
spared to accomplish In our world the
good It gave so much promise of is
one of tho-e awful mysteries which
make the sorrow and misery of separa
tion to loving hearts hard to bear or
to understand. We can only humbly
bow in prayer to Him "who doeth all
things good"' that we may sometime
and somehow understand.
EUafc-NIS i;. -itux.joArt.
THE GREELEY STREET SITCATIOJr
Committee Explains Oppoaltloa to Im
provement at This Time.
PORTLAND. August 28. (To the
Editor.) As the strife between capi
tal and labor goes wearily on, the com
mittee representing In part tho thou
sands of resident and nonresident tax
payers opposed to the extension of
Greeley street at the present time
wish to state a few of our reasons.
Our findings were kindly published
several days ago.
This great outlay of money is asked
for by a few wealthy and well-to-do
speculators and street work contrac
tors who. are able to pay the cash for
their part of the cost and who would
gather the cream of benefits, followed,
of course, by the usual train of unwise,
thoughtless people whom they control,
who echo for their masters orally and
in the public press, as interviews, many
errors or misleading statements. A
few others honestly think it a good
thing to do.
A year ago, when the petition was
signed, the promoters said that about
$7 a lot would be the limit of cost
for the completed work. When the
ordinance was passed, recently, the
Commissioners said they had no Idea
what the cost would be, "possibly $50
a lot or more for some."
They frolic ahead with business with
no thought or care for consequences.
"When the blind lead tho blind both
shall fall into the ditch."
Eighteen thousand lots is the esti
mate of the number to be assessed to
raise for the completed improvement,
according to good authority, S400.000,
or more than J22 a lot, which "our
friends" will find out the hard-working
and often hard-up people think Is
an outlay not worth the candle just
now, with all their other bonds, taxes,
living expenses, etc., to pay or be sold
out by the Sheriff.
There is hardly a wheel of Industry
turning or a bunding going up on the
Peninsula.
Destitution will be more In evidence
next Winter in Portland than ever be
fore, Mr. Fuller may have said two
or three years ago that "it would be
economy for the company to build"
on the proposed street. But ask him
now. He is not a two-faced man, as
one who was Interviewed implies. We
will guarantee that he will tell any
one In a very frank, gentlemanly, but
emphatic, way that conditions have
greatly changed In the last two years,
and the company could not and would
not soon build any new extensions and
would not promise anyone when, if
ever, they would build on the proposed
street.
He gave us several good and suffi
cient reasons why, space for which
would bo denied us in this article. Use
of jitneys would not force them tr
build, for they do not pay and are
rapidly decreasing between the West
Side and St, Johns, because In making
the round trip of about 16 miles one
would have to carry at least 20 people
to pay expenses, figuring costs at 6 1-2
cents a mile. The use of private cars
and 'cycles are hurting transportation
business more than jitneys.
WESLEY JEXKINS,
G. B. TUCKER,
GEORGE H. HAM,
' D. W. SIDDONS.
M. S. McCOLLUM,
Committee.
Direct Tax to Government.
SANDY, Or.. Aug. 29. (To the Edi
tor.) Would you please tell me through
The Oregonlan If the taxpayers pay
a direct tax to the United States Gov
ernment? W. H. G.
Generally speaking, until Just re
cently, taxpayers did not pay a direct
tax to the United States Government,
but with the income tax and corpora
tion tax amendments direct taxes were
established. The emergency taxes, such
as a war tax, are, as a matter of fact,
paid direct also, although the process
in paying them sometimes seems in
direct. Pronunciation of Dynamite.
PORTLAND. Aug. 29. (To the Ed
itor.) Kindly state the correct pro
nunciation of the word "dynamite."
Does the accent rest on "nam" or "dyn"
to settle a controversy?
AN OREGONIAN.
Pronounce It dl-na-mlte, with the ac
cent on the first syllable. Some au
thorities say "din-a-mite" Is accept
able, the "1" In "din" having short
sound. The preferred way Is a3 given
first.
Cartridges on Lusltanla.
PORTLAND, Aug. 28. (To the Ed
itor.) At the time the Lusitania was
sunk did she have any powder or other
explosive In her cargo? CAB.
The Lusitania carried no powder, as
such, but she did carry several thou
sand cases of cartridges.
Pacific Northwest Fair Dates
STATE.
. Oregon. Balom Sept. 2T-Oct. 2.
Washington. Xorth Taklma. Sept. 21-23.
Maho, Caldwell, Sept. 27-Oct. 1.
Montana, Helena, Sept. 21-25.
OREGON.
Reiratta, Astoria, Sept. 2-4.
Baker. Baker, Sept. 8-10.
Linn, Sclo, Sept. 8-10.
Columbia, St. Helens. Sept. 8-10.
Coos, Myrtle Point, Sept. 8-11.
Jackson. Medford. Sept. 9-11.
Multnomah, Gresham. Sept. 14-18.
Douglas. Roseburg, Sept. 15-17.(
Morrow. Heppner, Sept. 16-18.
Benton, Corvallis, Sept. 16-18.
Stock Show, Hood River, Sept. 17-18.
Wheeler. Fossil. Sept. 20-22
School Fair, McMinnville, bept. 21-zt.
Clackamas. Canby Sept. 20-23.
Wallowa, Enterprise, Sept. 20-25.
Malheur, Ontario. Sept. 21-25.
Polk. Dallas. Sept. 22-24.
Gilliam, Condon, Sept. 23-25.
Lane, Eugene. Sept. 23-25.
Roundup, Pendleton. Sept. 23-25.
Local Fair. Holly, Sept. 24-25.
Grant, John Day, Sept. 27-Oct. 3.
Wasco, Tho Dalles, Sept. 28-Oct. 1.
Crook. Prineville. Oct. 6-9.
Sherman. Moro, Oct. 6- . .
Horse and Mule Show. Pendleton, Oct. 9.
Local Fair, Laidlaw, Oct. 12.
Local Fair, Sisters. Oct. 14-16.
Grange Fair, Scholia, Oct. 15-16.
Land Products Show, Portland, Oct. 23-
otato Show, Redmond, Oct. 27-28.
Pacific Stock Show, Portland, Dec. 6-11.
WASHDXGTON.
Local Fair, Battleground. Sept. 1-2.
Grays' Harbor. Elma, Sept. 1-0.
Roundup, Toppenish Eept. 3-6 ...
Frontier Days, Walla Walla. Sept. 3-6.
Clarke, Vancouver, Sept. 6-11.
Mason, Shelton. Sept. 7-11.
Harvest, Rltzville. Sept. 9-10.
Roundup. Waterviile, Sept. 9-11.
Roundup. Garfield. Sept. 9-11.
Grape Carnival, Kennewlck. Sept. 13-10.
Interstate, Spokane. Sept. 13-18.
Walla Walla. Walla Walla, Sept. 13-18.
Local. Mabton, Sept. 15-18.
Clallam, Port Anseles, Sept. 15-18.
Douglas, Waterviile. Sept. 21-24.
Snohomish, Snohomish, Sept. 21-25.
Touchet Valley, Dayton, Sept. 21-25.
Cowlita. Woodland. Sept. 23-25.
Harvest. Palouse, Sept. 27-29.
Skagit, Burlington, Sept. 27-Oct. 2.
Western Washington, Puyallup, Sept. 28-
0LIn3c'oln, Davenport, Sept. 29-Oct. 1.
Fair and Stock Show, Rosalia, Sept. 28-
0Whitman. Colfax, Oct. 4-9.
l,ocal Fair. Wilbur, Ocr. 8-9.
Local Fair, Oakville, Oct. 7-10.
Pend Oreille. lone. Oct. 13-16.
Corn and Hoar Show, Prosser, Oct. 21-23.
Stock Show, Valley, Oct. 26-29.
Stock Show, Colvllle. Oct. 26-29.
Western National Dairy Show, Seattle,
Nov. 8-18.
Apple Show, Spokane, Nov. 15-20.
Livestock Show, North Taklma, Nov.
-27- IDAHO.
Fremont, Rexbnrg, 8ept. 6-8.
Benewah. St Maries. Sept. 8-10.
Idaho, Kookla. Sept. 16-18.
Lewlston-Charieaton, Lewlston. Bept.
20-25. . .. , .
I.Utan MOSCOW, nejJi. al--.
Minidoka. Rupert. Sept. 28-30.
Custer. Chains, Sept. 29-Oct. 1.
Lemhi, Salmon. Oct, 6-8.
Horse Show, Grangevllla Nov. 28-Dec. 4.
Stock Show, Lewlston, bov. 29-Dec. 4,
Half a Century Ago
From Tha Oreconian of August 30, 1865.
The London papers indicate by their
comment on the arrest of John Mltchel
that they are rather pleased with that
act of "despotism" on the part of our
Government than otherwise. It is said
that some of the letters written from
Richmond to the' London Times came
from the pen of John Mitchel.
New Tork, Aug. 27. Each French
steamer that arrives brings a portion
of the 100,000 troops called for by Na
poleon. Alaximilian's Ambassador to
Europe was a passenger on the steamer
from Havana to Vera Cruz.
New Orleans. Aug. 24. The ship
Francis B. Cutting cleared from Mobile
for Liverpool with a cargo of cotton
valued at 860,000, being the first cargo
shipped to foreign ports since the occu
pation. We learn that a deputation of Zouave
Cadets, Captain Williams, will today at
tend the target excursion of Company
B. They will go in full uniform with
side arms. This company will soon re
ceive its equipment from the state, and
when fully enlisted will make a very
creditable showing.
Six teams bringing families from
Iowa arrived by the steamer New World
last evening. Their stock is in ex
cellent condition, and the people ap
pear to be a good class of citizens.
Welcome them to their new homes.
The regimental band of Fort Van
couver yesterday evening arrived by
the steamer New World, to attend the
target excursion and picnic of the
Washington Guards. Captain Mills, to
be given at Cottonwood Grove today.
J. if. Ashley returned to this place
from Salem on Monday evening. Ha
starts this morning for Puget Sound.
It Is his purpose to proceed to Victoria
and then by steamer to San Francisco.
We had hoped to hear him deliver an
address to our citizens on National
topics before his departure, but his en
gagements were such that he could not
do so.
WOULD PUT SPIELERS OX TRAINS
Pasco Man Thinks Portland Should Ad
vertise Tributary Territory More.
PASCO. Aug. 26. (To the Editor.)
In The Oregonian, August 18, is an
article entitled "City Is Losing Out"
that is worthy of more than local In
terest, Mr. Haynes' comments are per
tinent, and if an outsider would be al
lowed to "butt in," I would suggest
that your Chamber of Commerce ar
range with the railroads, as the bag
gaga transfer men do, and have -"spielers"
meet all tourist trains sev
eral stations away from Portland, each
spieler decorated on front and back
with a placard:
PORTLAND CHAMBER OF COMMERCE
TOURISTS, ASK ME.
about points of interest, views and scenic
routes at Portland and tributary country.
No charge, tipa or graft for Information.
Have cards the size of a business
envelope to hand out giving details of
points of Interest to visit, fare by
streetcar, jitney, taxi, railroad and
steamboat; price per hour for row
boats, canoes and motorboats, and
where to start from on one side of the
card. On the other side give the val
leys and their products tributary to
Portland; their extent and special
crops for which the localities are
adapted.
While It Is Portland's duty to dis
play and exploit all her many beauties,
enterprises and attractions, is It not to
her advantage and benefit to advertise
the territory that can be made tribu
tary to her as the future metropolis of
the Northwest?
We of the Northwest know that the
valleys of the Willamette. Umpqua
and Rogue rivers west of the Cas
cades, and of the Hood, Deschutes,
Walla Walla, Yakima, Wenatchee and
Okanogan, near the foothills .of the
border mountains, will produce in un
excelled quantity and quality all tree
fruits and vegetables grown In a tem
perate zone, and that the foothills of
the Willamette Valley and the Inland
Empire produce quantities and quali
ties of grain. But how many know
and realize that the low-lying valleys
of the Columbia, extending from Hood
River to Kettle Falls, a distance of
over 500 miles, and of tne Snake, ex
tending from its confluence with the
Columbia to Grand Ronde River, a dis
tance of 200 miles, are peculiarly
adapted by soil and climate to the
raising of grapes, melons and the more
tender varieties of vegetables, the
.grapes, especially, by actual test being
the equal of any in the world for
flavor, size and yield.
The tourists should know this, aa
they are the forerunners of the thou
sands of people in war-stricken Europe
who will seek homes In our land when
the war is ended.
The low-lying "flats" along 700 miles
of navigable waterways will furnish
many thousand homes, where intense
cultivation will yield rich returns for
honest toil, with convenient markets
on the uplands and nearby cities, and
transportation by rail and river to
distant marts.
Kennewlck and Pasco, situated
directly across the Columbia from each
other and at the mouth of the Snake,
are practically the center of this vast
extent of low-lying vineyard land and
will eventually be one trade center.
W. P. GRAY.
WAY POINTED OUT TO STATES
Let Each Donate Submarine or Alr-
ablp to Government Is Proposal.
Editor.) Some years ago a dray horse.
the mainstay oi an impovenoiieu miii
ily, backed off the dock of an Eastern
i , A nroe llrnwnnl in thft nreaAHCa
of a considerable crowd of persons
who appreciated tne great. iuas o mo
owner. Much sympathy, very consol
ing, but of scant commercial value,
was expressed by all present. A prac
tical man in the crowd took off his hat.
dropped therein a $5 bill, with the re-
"T'm riva Hnllnra Rnrrv: bow
sorry are you?" One hundred and fifty
dollars of sorrow money was forth
coming, and the unfortunate owner of
the dead horse went his way Vejoiclng
with albo or tangioie sympeuiy.
Suppose each of the 24 Governors
I. r1 ener-v fnr TTn-.le, ftnm'n nllfifht
would say, those inland: "We will Im
mediately request our people to build
an airship adapted to defensive war-
e ' 1 v,naA fmYrt mir ntntpn bor
dering on the sea: "We w-lll put the
proposition or tne immediate construc
tion of a submarine up to my state,
and, if we have trouble, they are yours
to command. If we don't have trouble
we will be deiigntea.
a l o . BO.I.T3 . mil. ------ - - - -,
submarine for each and every state in
tbe Union would cost no more than
would a week or. real war.
N. BEKKELEf.
Push and Pull
When the manufacturer adver
tises a standard article in this news
paper he is pushing for business.
When the storekeeper, seeing the
advertising, puts tbe newspaper
advertised goods in the window, he
is trying to pull some of that busi
ness his way.
This sort of push and pull linked
together brings results.
It satisfies customers. It sells
the goods. It reduces waste and
distribution and it brings satisfac
tion to all concerned.