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aCXtTO CM MBI lU-U- AOtIJ
The answer to Senator Chamber
Ume speech before, Ihe Oregon and
Washington Bar Associations U con
tained within thai Interesting
m'nl Itself, una tft only read Mr.
Chm5fUiii'f rtinnni of Con
gress and the Interior Department for
wasteful and Improvident administra
te of the public domain In order lo
find a met convincing irumenl
against the Ferrta ltr-porr bill.
M.-h he Indorses.
Mr. Chamberlain declares Justly
lfat Congrea and tha esecutlva of
ficers of the Government been
m(.rol4nl In making (rant lo rail
roeda and atcxi roala and In enart
merl and administration of In horoe
aread and the llrnbtr and stone act.
T. In eff-t. h ak lha atatea lo
aurrpdtr control ovrr lhlr on
wtr por ! lha Mint lmprol
dtit l!lor and cfflciala. Ha ad
mit tal lha iiml baa not
f-r-d la larma t sraata and Baa
ba B"l'cnt In ! punlhmnl I
fraud, jal ' a lnaa
aama naaTlaTart VlrUla mora aulhnr
rir ta ardar that lhay may raculala
not rnly lha public land bol tba wr
.r hirh l nlr Iba xruta
jurtIWfll af tha tjl-a. In Juatlfl
cafinn nf thia tt-l rr"Pal h
lrra o ta undrand that Iha Ted
ral autborttlt-a haa rform4 and
ara a proMni aa lhy fortnr-rly
irt proIl.
Indoubladlr lhara baa ba a
cbanga In Ftderal Und policy. II
pr-TbUI thai noa la ao bla-olrd a
T''1o'i contart: a prohlbtttonlat
lnlMa mora forlou'lr asamal liquor
than tha raformd drunkard. lfty
aa may ba tha motlraa of thoaa ho
now maptra lha ikrmtH policy. II
t attll dianurd by many of Iba
aama drfrcta as marrad lha paal
pr.wj Irnoranca of Vetm condl
llona amonc tha men ho ara charged
ib Ha cutlon. Incapacity of man
at a dlatanca In adrolniatrr nlrrct
M. h Invotva much dalall. lack of
tmpathr among official drawn
mainly from tha Kxl with Wcstrrn
pcotU and lth lhtr ambitions and
finally Uck cf licht of authority to
dlapoaa of water oantd by tha atatca.
We could rite numerous Instances
In proof of these chorgo. f"
will suffice. Forest reserves were es
tablished In eurh Ignoranca of the
courier affected and In such other
disregard of Ihe rights snd Interests
of the population that, for example,
tha antira Methow Valley, the lower
thirty rollea of which la bare. Irrigable
and grasmg land ten miles wide, was
treated as forest. There were many
ether examples of Ihe kind, most no
torious of which Is the Chugach for
est In Alaska, a mere fraction of
which la covered with a sparse growth
of timber worthlesa for building, and
which was established, on the admis
sion of Its makers, lo block railroad-
building and coal mining. Only at this
late day are some of these blunders
and wrongs being correcteu.
Tha revocable permit for water
swtwar has oroved unworkable, and
of those who risked money un
drr It. trusting lo Ihe good faith of
tha Government, have been sadly un-
drcelved by revocation of their per
mit. Attempts have been made to
Inipoee Impossible conditions on
grants of permits to construct wstcr
niif dams on navigable streams.
Trie conservation fanatics caused a
Presidential veto of the Cooaa River
dam bill and thereby drove to Norway
e great Industry which would have
feeew established In Alabama, incom
Mum of the Government to reclaim
arid land with economy and expedi
tion has been proved In numerous in
stance, some of which must have
come under Mr. Chamberlain eyes
In Oregon. progress has been slow
and cost has far exceeded er.gtneers"
estimates. I'olt.v has changed from
ene extreme to the other, but the same
Inherent Ke mark the new poller
krJ the old.
The rew polu-y Is defended by Mr.
Chamberlain In the name of conserva
tion, for he say that "study of the
q.rtun led me to believe It was nev-
earr t conserve ana prrscrvw irom
waste t?ie resources of the country
Tel the policy which he upholds has
fir jears preented tha development
ef water power, w Mch is not oimin.
tshrd bv use. while lhre are used In
development of power by steam lit'
iocs of coal rt horsepower per
annum or a proportionate quantity of
fjet ot:. whlth commodities, once
Vised, are gone forever and cauoot be
r placed.
Mr Chamberlain lodoriss a bill f'-'r
eteveb-oment of water power which
feaa the same inherent defects as the
eresent law -subjection of me lessee
i., the chanslr.g view cf a sucveelon
ef officials. A lea being limited to
fifty ears. the regulation governing
It being mJe by the Secretary cf the
Interior who has power to construe tt
and to penalise the Icsoee. even to the
extent of forfeiture, for violation of
Its terms. Ihe rssee"s tenure would
depend on the vrlng opinions of
thirteen or more successiva secre
taries. We need only quote Mr. Cham
fccrUSn a to Ihe effect of this condi
tion. He said:
i asltst wl'l ' sess loss"t la
, .i eh.re th. . esse or -
e-Mireniy rse4 r -aaii
Steeds.
Water-power men agree with other
jreo. who ere at least as patriotic and
a disinterested - Ur. Chamberlain,
thai the Ferris bill Is open to the verj
ebie- tion he mentions: o e need
expect no development should the
rem Mil Ps. Wsste. not conserve
Hon. would be the result.
The Senator shows a strangs lack
ef confidence in ft rVmocTatlr Ad
' gtlcUUaUca which He luppoxu. for "
far that without additional legisla
tion water power would fall'lnto the
handa of an Injurlooa monopoly. Ha
quotea the fewneaa In number and the
rrealneaa In ia of eilsUnc power
companies as rround for hie belief
that this monopoly Is already form-In,-.
The people or Oregon are not
afraid of sue In such corporations,
nines they hare by the referendum a
I lefialatlre device of which llr. Cham
berlain la a champion enaciea m
public utilities law whereby the very
sua of utility companies Is made to
contribute to the public good- Oregon
knows that. the people would profit In
low charges by the development of
power at Celllo Kalis by one great
company under atate control. The
people of thia slate have confidence.
In their own laws and in the officials
whom they have elected lo prevent
evil and ta cause good as the out
growth of development In large units.
"It the Kerrts bill) recognises the
Federal and state Jurisdiction and the
respective rights of each." aays the
Senator. We ber to differ writh him.
!.Vo critic of the bill disputes the au
thority of the Government to reguiaia
rates on interstate business, but the
people cf tha Wert most emphatically
Jeny ita rtrht. as a mere owner of
abutting land, to fix the price and
terms at which the water power owned
by the itate shall be used. In assuming-
this right. Congress would Invade
state rights and would, by Implication,
treat the states as Incompetents need
ing a guardian, not as eovrrelgns re
sponsible only to themselves for the
exercise of their powers.
Desire lo hasten development Is
one of theJcnnror- motives for sup
porting the Kerrts bill. Then he heard
to little purpose tha testimony offered
before the Senate committee of which
ha U a member. By passing thai bill
t'oncrera would only substitute new
obstavlo to development for those
now existing.
One of these obstacles would be tlie
determination of the Western states
and Iheir cltUena lo realsi the usurpa
tion Involved In Federal assumption
of authority lo dictate the price and
larma on which state propert.r water
should ba uxh! Mr. Chamberlain
assume that the states or those hold
ing water rights under them have no
legal . power ! acquire power si tea
owned bv the Government and are de
pendent on lha will or congress mr
hat Mr. Thai remains to oe ".
It has been heti by the courts mau
whrn Cioverrment Und la needed for
a public ullltv and la not used or
rtrved br tbe Government for a
Governmental purpose, the position of
the Government before the law au-
r.r. in no war from that of any other
Und-owner. and the right to condemn
exist. Vndcr that construction of
the law. lha slatea and holders or wa
tr rights are by no meane In as help
less a poH'f as Mr. Chamberlain
Imagines, and the persistence of the
IMnchot rrservatlontste would oniy
reault In the further delay of develop-
m.nt until the right of condemnation
tiad been affirmed and exercised.
-iri:si.r on tArrrtt."
Tho New York World prints the
text of the mysterlou letter said to
have been sent to ex-Governor tjtokea.
of New Jersey, by Justice Charles E.
Hughes. It Is:
WaeMrgton. Mar
1iv
w- tMir OoTBr. I(ur itlr ef JT
IT u fc-sa rersl""!. I think lhat my
sot iaineni fo,r, in, p "
1 1 isl
ma rr h1 " m""nbT of '"I
,.tr. iT-eurt I b ao nal lo h a
aadldaia .iin.r oPIr ar la.ll., I 'no
Sa m, ear hr aad hold an nalrota po-
... i-., D at.ua ba lkn lo e nr
lfora lha roun-rr. With cordial rssaro.
Tha Hon. rharlsa l . r.loa.
Th. letter It will be observed, was
written last May. a few das arterane
public statement by Justice Hughes,
announcing that he was "not avail
able" as a Presidential candidate.
The reader will read the letter irom
beglui-lng to end without discovering
that Judge Hughes has bluntly and
rinallv said that "under no circum-
afanras would no DC a vuu '
accept a nomination. It Is to De noieo
that any tone or expression of rinaiuv
1- mhiillv lacking.
The Democratic press nau nauea,
with general acclaim, the first re
port of the Hughes announcement.
There was a mighty wmwnut
k.lclna that so pure a patriot anu
eminent a statesman did not want to
be President. There must have been
.ia a more hopeful atmosphere
.Kr,it the White House.
Ii aeems lo be clear now max jus
tice Hughes will not be "openly or
tacitly" a candidate and that no steps
are to ba taken "to bring his name
before the country." Very well. That
la alt as It ahonld be. But Justice
w. has has bv no means declined a
nomination not yet tendered, and he
puts no real obstacle In the path of
those who would at the rlfht time
tender It to him.
(OM11KMNU TEXT-BOOli.
Th. .-tier received from W. E. Tul'
slfer the president of D. C. Heath ak
Co.. and printed In The Oregonian to
day, presenta the subject of text-book
changes from an Interesting point of
view. The fact mat w uiiier -Mr.
Pulslfer does not prevent us from
...woo. i..!t the courteous force
with which h presents hU optnlona
He takes up three points made by The
orrgonian. The first is "that school
books cosl loo much." Mr. Pulslfer
estimate th annual cost at aooui
rents Mr child and thinks It is very
moderate. It does not appear at first
.i.ooe ia be a larce sum. but like
manv other average. It Is deceptive
It la no hardship to a man of means
lo spend : cents a year per child
for new books even If he has several
children, but the case of the poor man
with a Urge family Is different. If
he had six children at school the total
annual cosl to him. at Mr. PuUifefa
rate, would be II . which ta not by
any means a negligible sura to a man
whose whole income hardly exceeds
tioo. Th public sch-o: are supposed
to be conducted as much for working
class families as for any others and
the cost of textbooks under current
conditions Is a serious burden to them.
In our opinion It Is also to a large
extent an unnecessary burden.
This cost Is enhanced by tne pur
chase at frequent Intervals of "sup
plementary" books and books or rei-ereiu-e.
Mr. Pulslfer egree w,t" "
that this I carried too far. He con
ceJea that "there are too many school
books." as The Oregonian has argued.
We believe that every public school
should have a good library for refer
ence and that the pupils eho"uld be
taught to use It. but It Is not advis
able to urge them to buy & large
number for private use. It can hard
ly be denied that our schools depend
a great deal too much upon text-books
and too little upon the teacher. With
a well-tratned. thoroughly competent
teacher It makes very lltUe dllference
TIIE MORXTXG OREGOXIAy. SATURDAY. ATJGTJST 28, 1915.
what text-boolc a pupil uses. He may
sometimes get along pretty wen sn
none at alL The bo6k should give me.
main outline or skeleton of the knowl
edge to be taught. It should not at
tempt to present a compendium of
teaching methods. The latter are
largely a matter of fashion, changing
from year to year, while the substance
of knowledge hardly changes at all
within the school life of any one class,
or even of several successive classes.
In some branches it has not varied
essentially for 2000 years.
This brings us to the frequent
changes of textbooks. The Oregonian
contends that they are changed too
often. Mr. Putalfer takes the oppo
site view, snd for what reason?- Be
cause "new methods of teaching are
constantly evolved." If these new
methods were kept out of the text
books, as they should be. and left to
the living voice of the teacher, this
argument would be disposed of. Mr.
Pulslfers other reason for frequent
changes has no better ground. He
thinks children want new material
"after they have used a set of school
readers five years.", and he remarks
that tha same is true of language
books, histories and so on. Now it is
perfectly evident that a reading set
which has been used five years by
ona class Is Just as fresh to the next
one that takes It up as If it had never
been used at all. Its contents may
have become stale to those who have
finished it. but to their successors it
Is still an undiscovered country. The
"Iliad" Is as new to the college boys
of today as It -was to the Greek sol
dlers in whose ramps Its cantos svere
first recited. The world has not grown
old because this generation has gray
hair. Mr. Pulslfer I right In saying
that "sheep thrive better In a new
pasture." but tho new pasture re
quired by the flocks of the schoolroom
I to be found not In any textbooks,
but in the wealth of the teacher's
mind and heart. These are tne peren
nial sources of Interest In school, and
If they grow arid no books, however
Ingeniously manufactured, can make
up for the loss. We do not think It Is
of Importance in compare the expense
of text-books with that or tooacco ana
min nli-turea. If ther cost too
much they do. and that Is tho end
of It.
Ma.ir. Mritttr.
The I -a Grande Observer. Pro-
cresslve. Is much distressed in mind
because It observes that Mr. Taft was
entertained In Portland by Mr. Mll
ima and bv what It Is pleased to
term the "old stand put element of ihe
Republican party." "Does It mean
ctiea the Observer, "that Republicans
of Oregon are going again to reluse
tn heed tha handwriting on the
wall
If there Is to be any sinister po
litical significance to tne met tnst
Mr. Taft was honor guest nt a
uncheon given by a gentleman wno
had been elected to his office Ra
tional committeeman by the Tree
suffrages of the sovereign people, ex
pressed through the direct primary,
.ht ominous and terrible lnterpreta-
tlon Is lo bo put on lhat Press Club
breakfast? At that Interesting func
tion speeches of compliment and aP'
nrerlntlon were made by representa
tives of vsrlous political parties, and
then a, photograph was taken of the
assembled company. Before our cr
eves at this moment is lie ocular
evidence of a new and fearful con
piracy against the libertlea of the
people: for there l tnai same rr
Club picture showing Mr. Taft peace
fully snd innocently seated at the
right of a Republican Governor ana
two Democratic United States bena
tor, and in front of a Democratic
sDeechmaker. There are a few others
but they are only parts or ine scenerj.
it was lust the thing." saya our
Tj Grande neighbor, "to give ex
President Taft a royal reception when
he came to Oregon." It was, to be
sure. And he had it. Everybody
joined in acclaiming him. even the
Democrats who have oiscoverea
him rare beauties of character and
treasures of spirit, and who for the
first time are saying- kind things about
him These are. we hope, partial
compensation for the many false and
unkind things they have said many
itme heretotorc.
Hut we Teully trut that our ia
l-.rj. ..lo friend. In this Joyous era
good will, will not deny even the re
actionaries the right to eat and
make merry with an ex-President. It
oonrne-e to be merry in tnese
piping Democratic tlmcs-
MILITARY TRAISINO IX UCUOOLs.
Aversion for militarism Is driving
manv well-meaning people in m
t-nited states Into dangerous ex
tremes. They teach the young that
war Is Inherently wicked and that,
therefore, any preparation for "war Is
also wicked. They fall to aiecnminaw
between war for the defense of a na
lion. Its liberty and its honor and wars
of sggression. Yet the distinction is
as clear as that between the killing of
a man In self-defense and a deliberate
murder. When one mnn attacks an
other and that other kills him In ordc
to hi own life. Justice, both hu
man and divine, holds the slayer guilt
i... when one nation attacks an
other and that other fights in self
defense, the guilt of war is on tni
assailant, not on the nation which de
fends Itself.
If war In defense of a nation's exist
enoe Its liberty or Its honor be I
crime, then were the Rcvolutionsry
and Civil wars crimes, and this Nation
-k,.i .mi have been a British colony
or should have been spilt into several
republics rather than have committed
those "crimes." Teachers do well to
instill Into the children's minds lov
of oear-e and horror of war. but the
should also teach that war in defense
of ones country Is not guilty but
praiseworthy and that aeatn in sum
.. . . Jl. T Vi .
war la a nODie aeain w tm. ..w
.hnuM also teach the elements of mil-
i..- trainim. which sre best learned
hlle a boy la In tne rormauve penuu
of life.
iTvaan should the boy. after auainin
manhood, never be called upon to de
f.n.i hi country, this training will
prove most useful In developing his
mind, body and cnaracter ir pu""
of peaceful occupations. Australian
bos from their twelfth year have re
ceived this training since iv anu ,..
imnrovement In their physique and
character has been so marked that
Australians are unanimous In tne opin
ion that they would never be without
It. The extremely peaceful repqbllc
of Swltxerland 'has long followed the
same practice, and. though It has had
no war for a century, testifies to tn
value of such Instruction In peace
w.ti aa In war. Robert Blatchford
veteran of the British army, wrote for
the London Dally Mall in lo in aa
vocacv of military training:
s- rierman worklnr c'.asees ss more
ober more orderly, mora Inielllrent tha
lha BrM:b- It Is lareely because in mei
yooth they have been trained and tasrh
ill.itary trsinlsg cempeli elciallneis sn
oroer and rood behsvlor. It gives a youtn
at th rlsht lima ana la me rigni
rood food, good clothing, healthy ooen-air
exercise It provide a course of physical
cullur. It enforce early rising, hablte of
Usrtplln and rerulsr hoars or sieep. "
at pro res the health and th physique and
t shsrotns lha mind and breeds a habit of
self-reliance and alertness.
Dr. Luclen Howe, professor emer
itus of ophthalmology of the Univer
sity of Buffalo, N. T., advocates mili
tary training In schools and colleges
for tne very purposes named by Mr.
Blatchford. In a pamphlet on that
subject he says:
The present system of education Is insur-
flcient snd Imperfect. It helps to proauce
spinal curvature and nearsightedness; It
permits minor ailments to pass unnoticed
and therefore mor difficult lo cur later,
and encourarea th propasrstlon of com
municable diseases dsnrerous to life. It
mak-a aihleiM of a few. leaving tha ma-
ontr undeveloped. Neither cnaracisr uu.
rtlctency la developed a wen as n ",
o
i, Mh. ham th, nesitn or our iouui
people ourht lo b Improved. it can os
mproved otest oy metnoas in a
mllitan-" Th.,1 methods holD tO SChiOV
the other objects of education. a result
' could rear a healthier ana so
1 1 rent generation and ultimately possess
lares ootentlal army of trained man ready
on call tor military service.
That military training has had a
most beneficial effect on the French,
Carolyn Wilson testifies In a letter
from Paris to The Oregonian descno
Ing the soldiers who have returned on
urlough.' She says:
The seem invulnerable you see them
march with that free, assy ran oowu in,
k...i. mnA mii ,f the fin, healthy
low lhat' onen'-atr Ufa has put In tlhHr
, . un . r ih,u men had never slept
In a room with the window open. In their
ives. Nosr they stiria in me inm-up
midlines and . . . they ar sure to open
A. man wno ueeo io " 1 " - - ' .
o raid mat it was Boucrmni, -
dual Inrreaa In stature lhat compulsory
that uniformly the men were two lo three
..... .nr ami ahAiii 40 oouhds heavier.
He holds that wunoui tnmpuui ,
- rac-a draenerale physically as well as
morally, and elaboratlnr on hia theory says
hat tha etttiena or in i-nneo na, ...
mi aa lane men as they used to be. and
that thy are moral cowards.
The elementary training which
would be given In schools and colleges
would render the riling generation
remnt from that criticism. It would
equip them for service In peace ss well
as in war. If accompanied by Instruc
tion in the distinction between a Jus
tifiable and an unjustifiable war. It
would never be used In a war wnicn
the most ardent lover of peace, pro
vided he Is a patriot, airould condemn.
Kverr word and every Incident of
Britain's war preparations bring that
country nearer conscription. Within
a few "days the government has taken
the munition factories entirely into
ts own hands. Lord Selborne nas
made a most significant speech ana
r the Welsh coal miners are again
on strike. The only effective way 01
dealing with the latter evil Is to place
11 persona and all industries sup
plying the army and navy unucr mili
tary rule and to give all to under
stand that cessation 01 worn. ji
ncss is treason, punishable as sucn.
Since the Russian reverses aimuni ma
whole burden of the war is transierrea
io missis's allies, and they can with
stand the Teutons only by ortranlxlng
the entire nation for war. John nun
s slow to rec.srnize the logic or events.
but when he docs ne acis un -clsion
and the truth is coming home
to him.
The habit of planting fruit and nut
trees by the roadside has long pre
vailed in parts of Kurope. It should
be cultivated In tho United States.
uioborv and walnut trees are as
healthful as elms and a great deal
more useful. Salem's streets have
been planted with hundreds of walnut
trees. Those set out along cjuuu-
vllle's navements years ago win pro.
duce a ton and a half of nuts this
season.
hndv takes a vacation In
Summer" everybody out ve mil
lions who stay at home. Our Nation
al taste does not seem to choose a
long vacation. It prefers two or mree
n.i snnnlemented by the week
end holiday." This Is an English
f.hion hut It Is none the worse for
Its origin. We have imported a firea.
anv .rood things from ,nBittnu, uui
law and language among mem.
Dr. Foster has an enviable faculty
,.t oiuuvs savin ir Bomoinnig iiu
opens his mouth to speak. At the
Nutional Educational ahochuuu '
isaid that college student had too
much of the academic feeling and too
little of the soirit of service. This
i. r,,. anH well worth saying. Our
colleges have been making elegant
graven Images Instead of useful men.
The T-nltarlan Congress at San
Francisco recommends a substantial
looa-ense of nav for ministers. OtheT
.".nominations should follow sun
not let the matter stop with mere
r.rommendaUon either. OlOSI. mm-
istcrs ore sadly underpaid. Things
would go better with them If .there
were fewer competing churches, es
pecially io country towns.
Tnnl who want to learn all there
Is to know of the history of the
thaota, in the united omira nmo.
go to Harvard and study In the Shaw
collection, which has Just been added
o the university library. It conmuin
..,.ait. satitnerraDhs. playbills and
everything eUe connected with oui
principal theaters.
Juries Stevenson Is to be com
mended for letting Mrs. Hurd go un
punished. She should really De re
warded for spanking tne vu'S'J .-.
When parents refuse to spank their
own offspring they should be grate
ful to any neighbor who will do it
for them.
Failure of the City Commission to
come up to expectations does not
necessarily mean that we have chosen
the wrong machine. It may mean
that we need only to change the men
in control. We also know whom to
blame.
As the Russians are now approach
ing the region of lakes and swamps
in their retreat, they may be prepar
ing a sort of Mazurtan Lakes sur
prise for the Germans.
If other denominations follow the
example of the Unitarians In fixing
a minimum wage, business at the
theological colleges may boom.
Judge Stevenson might dispose of
the spanking controversy by appoint
ing an official spanker armed with
the Judge's own ten-Inch slipper.
If the sun had only stooii still for
the allies as it did for Joshua, they
mlght have won that hill on the Gal
llpoll Peninsula.
An ultimatum for Haiti, but none
for Mexico, though Mexico began ita
ruction long before Haiti
TEXTBOOK EDITORIAI. ANSWERED
Publisher Takes View That Changes
Are Vt Made To) Oftes.
NEW YORK. Aug. 18. (To the Ed
itor.) There appeared in The Orego--i.
. na,nr that we. in the East.
most highly regard August 4 an edi
torial entitled "uur vj .Y.Tl
Books?" This editorial, under tho title
which. I observe, is in tne lorm ui
question, interests me very mucu, u
because of three propositions:
1. "School books cost too much. 2.
"There are too many of them." 1. "They
are changed too often."
As td the first proposition. The
TT.i.ari fitat nommissloner of Educa
tion has Just published a statement that
the COSt Of School DOCKS men a"
public schools, elementary and high, of
the United States was about 114.200.000
a yearly total cost for each child en
rolled in the public schools of this
.nnnin of 78.J cents. He saya:
"For all purposes the annual total ex
penditure for each child Is. approxi
mately. J38.31." Thus the cost of text
books Is about 2 per cent of the total
cost of maintenance. On the school
population basis the cost per child is
56.C cents, however, thus making
the annual per capita cost of text
books on the total population basis less
than 15 cents.
Wild guesses have been made by tne
newspapers during the past three or
four years as to the cost of the school
books used In the public schools, both
elementary and high. The Lnited
States Commissioner has answered the
conundrum and satisfied the people
that there Is little ground for the fear
that children are paying too much for
their school books.
Figures that point a moral: There
was spent In 1913 In the United States
for liquor and tobacco 33.200.000.000;
for vice. 13.000.000,000: for candy, soft
drinks, tea. coffee, patent medicines
and chewing gum. 11.300.000,000; for
movlti? pictures, 1350.000.000; for golf,
according to Jerome Travers. the Na
tional champion over 1100.000.000. and
for school books. j no an
nual cost of text-books, the most Im
portant agency in education, sinks into
Insignificance In comparison with these
staguerlng figures. The cost of school
books tn the last 20 years has de
creased more than 20 per cent, whereas
tha cost of almost everything else pur
chased by parents and pupils has in
creased lareely. as we all know. Per
sons will cheerfully pay II or 11.25 for
. ..,.1 nno for an eaually large school
book, printed better, better bound and
better Illustrated, they feel that tliey
are cheatetd when tbey pay 70 cents. In
view of these facts, can anyone, nl
that school books cost 100 muiu.
V,,- ..Annri nrooosttion tnai iiibip
are too many school dookk. i am qui
...ulinT to aierree. la sound. There is
an overproduction of novels and other
miscellaneous boons ana niti'
It. would be much better for the read
ing nubile If the output of all publish-
... ... oiirtuiiei. However. Amer
ican business men are enterprising. If
an automobile manufacturer puts upon
the market a machine mat a ""6",'
Improvement over his competitors .
they rack their brains In an attempt
tO gO the BUCCeSSlUI jfuiwiiv...
heller." an they generally
do it. It certainly would cost a great deal
less money it people wouiu
fitMl with a reasonaDiy gooa iunim.
Prosress Is tne oraer oi ma
...ha,a more evident man in me id
eational world, new methods of teach
ing are constantly evoivea oy mt edu
cators and the school book publishers
hasten to incorporate them in their
school books.
Your third proposition that books
sre changed too often is not sound.
Children who have used a set of school
readers five years want new ano ire...
material and a Board of Education acts
when It chancres readers that
...... h.en used five years. This Is Just
as true of language books and gram
mars, arithmetics, music ooono. -tories.
geographies and spelling books.
As sheep tnrive Decier io .
ture. so children do better work with
new books after the old ones have been
pretty thoroughly worked through.
' . . .... an.mint of
You epeaa ui ine - ......---money
that Oregon sends annually
abroad for school books. There were
in Oregon in the year 1910 186,201 en
rolled school children. If .3 cents, the
annual cost per child for school books.
.h hv ihe Commissioner of
Education, be multiplied oy " ''
would produce the sum of 899.42. 1 3 as
the annual cost of the school books
used by the public scnooi cnuaren n.
, in fhe elementary and high
schools. This sum. in i""'-"-
wlth th amount ot money
your state ior muvms
and soft annus, cneymis
-,. medicines not to mention auto-
biles and other much more expensive
luxuries seems very smaii, ma.
and is small wnen it is
131.200 school children are fully sup
plied each year with books.
v TV'. E. PULSIFER,
President D. C. Heath & Co.
FOLLOWING UP BUYERS' WEEK
Portland Branch of Factory Slay Be
Moved to Seattle, Is Report.
PORTLAND, Aug. 26. (To the Edi
torInstitutions such as Buyers
Week should be of lasting rather than
of fleeting importance. Having
wooed the commerce of tributary ter
ritory it would be well for local mer
chants to look around home and build
up their fences. '
There comes to light, though not In
a marked public way. that one of the
branches of a large established manu
facturing concern is contemplating re
moving from Portland to Seattle. The
head office of the manufacturing con
cern has discovered that Seattle gives
a larger business to the Portland
Branch than Portland Itself does
Furthermore Seattle has made a bid
for the branch, offered no small In
ducements in the way cf promised
trade.- .
This branch carries In Portland a
stock of 860,000 worth of goods. These
wares are in daily demand and repre
sent a common commodity in the mer
cantile world. The branch managers
have made Portland their home during
the years they have been building up
the business; business which, strange
to say. has been built up largely by
out-of-town patrons. Their neia nas
stretcned to Puget Sound, far into the
Inland Empire ana even to t-amu.
Local merchants have given only spar
ingly, we are told, of their business to
this branch.
Unless in a reasonable time this con
cern can show that Portland trade has
at least equaled that which comes from
Seattle to this branch house, it has
orders to prepare to move to Puget
Sound. Perhaps some concern In
Seattle has a similar complaint to make
of the merchants there, who perhaps
favor Portland or some other city.
But on the general and sound policy of
encouraging home Industry, there Is
opportunity for Portland merchants
to Investigate the situation and un
derstand, at least, why they are pass
ing up a home branch factory. Its
going means the loss of a payroll of
81500 a month to Portland: 818,000 a
year, which re-expended among local
merchants year after year must mean
something. -
Shall Women "Propose f
(Women of the World.)
Of course women should propose. It
is women who change their entire lives
by matrimony; It is women who taKe
..lo.e.i resnonsibllltv bv matri
mony. .The woman should surely be
allowed to choose the man for whom
she feels herself able to work and give.
Men propose: men have had it all in
their own hands up to now. and If they
have married the wrong woman -they
have only themselves to Dlame for It.
Sew Kite Frame.
In a kite frame patented by a Wis
consin man ribs radiate from a central
disc of mctaL
Twenty-Five Years Ag-o
From Th Oregonian of Aurust 28. 1890.
Francis Clarno. a well-known at
torney of Portland, is manager of
three of the principal claims in the
Greenhorn mining district.
I. Hodgson, Jr., the' architect on the
Chamber of Commerce building, ar
rived here with has family from Oma
ha yesterday. They are quartered at
the Portland. Mr. Hodgson has opened
an office in the Worcester building and
has brought out several architects and
will remain here for the Summer.
A reception will be tendered Dr. Al
fred Kummer tomorrow (Friday) even
ing at the Taylor-Street M. E. Church
by the members of the congregation.
The track on the Irvington branch
of the Willamette Bridge Company's
electric motor line has been laid and
the ooles are all up. Everything will
be in readiness by the time the cars
arrive here.
E. H. Friedlander returned yesterday
from Newport, where he went to orins
back his mother and daughter.
A disnatch from Washington says
J. R. N. Bell, of Roseburg. with his
wife, are In the city and have been
shown the sights by the Oregon aeie
srations. They Intend visiting Mr.
Bell's old home In Virginia, where he
has not been for 20 years.
W. J. Cuddy, of the Vale Atlas, re
turned last night on the State of Call
fornia. from San Francisco, whither he
took his family on the Oregon last
week. Mr. Cuddy is one of those genial
scribes who are the life of any assem
blage of newspaper men.
The Champion, which has been put
on the Upper Willamette route, is do
ing: good service. She came down yes
terday with a cargo of up-river freight
and returned shortly afterward to Ore
gon City with a cargo of flour.
HOLDS ITSB OF REVEREXD WBOXG
Sirs. Almira Brooks Doultta .Minister's
Right to Title.
HIIaLSBORO, Or., Aug. 24. (To the
Editor.) With your permission 1
would like to say a few words regard
ing the comments you made over
"Reader's" letter of August 21. I
with you as to the historical present
and the manner of using the word
"mister." All people high up in life, as
you say, have no cause to be orrendeu
bv Its use.
But your further remarks concerning
uslnit the word "reverend" before the
name of any minister of the Gospel I
believe to be incorrect, because the
word Is used but one in the Bible
and then it is used to incite people to
praise God for his many wonderful
works. It la found In Psalms cxi. The
ninth verse of the chapter reads like
this: "He sent redemption unto hia
Deoole. He has commanded his cove
nant forever; holy and reverend Is his
name."
In early days of the Christian church
it was never used in this way in speak
ing of the ministers of the Gospel. It
was Peter. Paul and Jones, Paul the
aged or our beloved brother Paul.
When the word was added to the
minister's name I do not know, but 1
do know It was not added through in
spiration. Some ministers are not
content with the word alone, but they
must add most reverend, right rever
end so and so. which, to my mind, is
sa.cril6)6.
MRS. ALMIRA BROOKS.
The title "Mr." does not occur even
once in the Bible, nor does President,
Congressman or Municipal Market Mas.
ter. Hence by Mrs. Brooks' rule we
must discard all of them.
Kot Much.
(From Judge.)
"There's not much petticoat rule now
adays, in spite of votes for women,"
was said.
"No," smiled McFee, "there s not much
petticoat '
Lillian Russell to Advise
-Readers
of
The Sunday Oregonian
. . tvo s,iriHav Oreironian will present in
Beginning 7" Z " H.nir interest to women.
issue a full page of news and gossip of P" m rthe benefit
Lillian Eussell will give womi ad some form of
of her ripe experience and impart to them eacn particuiar
advice on health, beauty, social r P' h woman
interest to the womanly world. The writings oi
carry greater appeal to members of her sex.
Oregonian.
THE TRUTH ABOUT HAYTI Hayti, what do you know about
rtneir President, '1
&Urtedhto the country, may
omenirupon thunited States An authentic description
of the country, illustrated, will be printed tomorrow.
CAPE HORX PIONEERS A story of much interest to the old
merl of this part of the country will be the account, written by
R Green of early day experiences near Cape Horn, the rocky
JSS 'th. Columbfa in what now is Skamania County,
Washington.
RUSTXESS MEN AS SOLDIERS It would be reasonable to expect
that Hen a promfnent resident of New York entered the Nationa!
rsfoVd he at least would get a place as a non-commissioned officer.
Bifas'ticJn At least so, in the cases of John Purroy
Mftchd May of Greater New York; Theodore Roosevelt Jr.. son of
-President?Dudley Field Malone. collector of the port of New York
and several others who have been enlisted in the military camp at
FtteDurg as privates. It will all be in the Sunday Oregonian, replete
with illustrations.
ENTER JESSE JAMES AGAIN The East has produced another
Jesse" James only he doesn't kill as many people and doesn t terrorize
haJ of thl who le country all at once. But this chap is more daring
what he does than til original Jesse. He will tell The Oregonian
readers tomorrow how he performed some of his most marvelous feats
in crime.
PAGE OF MOTION-PICTURE NEWS A regular feature in The
Sunday Oregonian now is the page devoted to news of the motion
picture7 worid. Some of the latest news and gossip of the screen actors
will be offered tomorrow, together with a portrait of one of the
fayorite young actresses.
HOW SEA CRAFT ARE BUILT An interesting and instructive
story in tomorrow's issue will be an account of how Uncle Sam builds
war vessels. - Some descriptive matter will be presented on each type
of naval construction.
USUAL ATTRACTIONS RETAINED None of the many other
Sunday features will be missing from tomorrow's paper. Several
pages of news from the nearby beaches and ocean frt.1J.
the activities there; the automobile fans will have late information
of interest to them; there will be several pages devoted to sports, and
the usual volume of society news, real estate reports, market news
and items of interest to children.
The front-cover page will bear a new view of one of the most
attractive scenic spots along the Columbia River Highway.
Half a Century Ago
From Tha Orasonlan of Aurust 28. 1885.
I. Am. 2. The United States
war steamer Saranac, from San Fran
cisco, in search of the Shenandoah, ar
rived at Esquimau ausuoi -v.
sailed for northern waters on August
23.
Washington dispatches assert posl-
.hot .Taff Davis attorneys sro
not to be permitted to see the arch-
traitor until he Is removea to uu
for trial.
The Rev. T. H. Pearne. late of Ore
gon, has had the honorary degree of
D. D. conferred upon him by the Ohio
Wesleyan University.
A select school for young ladies will
be opined in the basement of the Bap
tist Church in this city on Monday
next. September 4. by Miss Sarah M
Dutcher.
An ordinance was presented at the
last meeting of the Common Council
providing against hogs running at
large within the city. The dogs and
cows have already been provided for.
On Saturday night, about 10 o'clock,
a female Infant was left upon tlie door
step of Mr. Curry, near the Peniten
tiary, in this city. The little one was
taken In and will be cared for. There
Is a great mystery connected with this
matter.
Boston The wife of the rebel Gen
eral Ewell proceeded to Fort Warren
recently with orders from president
Johnson for the release of her husband
on taking the oath of allegiance. He
was liberated and left for the South.
The partv that left for Mount Hood
August 21 returned yesterday. Two of
the party succeeded in reaching the
highest pinnacle. The others "weak
ened." They have enjoyed the trip well
and we are promised an Interesting
sketch of their travels.
A Diverted River.
(Wild World Magazine.)
Arabiston lies at the head of the rer
slan Gulf, its western boundary being
the Shatel-Arab, the great river formed
bv the combined waters of the Tigris
and Euphrates, the right bank of which
is in Turkish Arabia. Forty miles above
where it flows into the Persian Gulf the
Shatel-Arab is Joined by the Karun.
and the town of Mohammerah stands
at the Junction of the two rivers, the
former a clear green stream, the latter
thick and red. ,
In ancient times the Karon floweil
,h. .rnir and oart of the river still
runs along the old channel, but the
main stream has been diverted, three
miles above Mohammerah. into an arti
ficial channel known geographically as
the Haffar Canal.
It is impossible even to make a guess
at the date of this wonderful work, not
even a tradition remaining of the ruler
whose far-signtedness realized the enor
whose far-sightedness realized the enor
waterways. Alexander the Great has
been susgestcd. but apparently for no
other reason than that he Is a con
venient and likely person to credit with
any ambitious enterprise, and that one
of his many Alexandrias was built on
the site of the present Mohammerah.
Calving Germany an AOvantage.
LA GRANDE, Or., Aug. 2 (To the
Editor.) In The Oregonian of August
21 there is a news item of the formation
of a so-called neutrality league, whose
aim Is to get a ban on the export ot
arms It seems to me that this league
wants to give Germany an advantage
and is "rubbing it in" on the United,
"ates The article. 'Selling Muni
. , i i Tin s r.rfernnlan oi July -si.
fl enoua-h to convince true American
citizens of our rights.
The action of
so-called- neutrality league Is to
ken our Government, injure our lo
ries and cause insane people to
this
weake
dustries and cause
commit insane acts, like tne
Professor, who shot Mr Morgan- Good
citizens shouio e n -' - -
citizens and unaer free
best-Known w" ,m. to
"T V onsllties. J. W. MArto.
each