TITE MORNING O R EG ONI AX. TIIURSDAY. AUGUST 26. 1915.
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Haiti avt iro oyrA.iT.
The propo.l of the AdmlnUtratlon
t eetab Uh a protectorate over lUlll
will meet wtta the f.neral approval
e-f the American paople. That la the
only alternative Interference by
aome Kuropean creditor nation ao
aoon aa I'a band are free. If Eu
ropean army once got a. foothold In
the black republic. It would not read
r withdraw, and a. blow would be
dealt at the cardinal feature of Amer
ican foreign pilcy the Monroe doc
trinefrom which It might never
recover.
After more than a century cf Inde
pendence. Haiti haa proved itaelf
utterly Incapable of etf-governmer.t
without outside aid and guidance. The
nation whoae cf.laena have Inveated
er lent their money In Haiti or risked
their live within lla bordera would
Bt much lonr have tolerated the
republic' anarchic condition. It waa
ecaary to the vital Inlerct of the
Vnlted Statea aa well aa of Haiti that
thla country ahould take Juat auch
atepe aa the AdmlntatraUon ha taken,
for w could not. with aafety to our
lve. permit any European nation to
rttablUlt a baae ao near the Panama
anaL
Hut the wtidom and declalon nown
tha AdmlntatraUon In dealing
wl'h Hlt and In pressing fr the
ratification of the treaty providing
for protectorate over Nicaragua are
In glaring contraat with the weakness
and indeclalon of Ita treatment cf
M.vl.o. For five year Mexico haa
been In aa hopele a tate of anarchy
Haiti. The evil grolng out or
dtrd.r and chaoe In Halt! exist on a
magnified cal In Mexico. The dan
ger of foreign intervention la aa great.
The difference be'ween the two cae
almply a difference of dimension.
Haiti l a mll country, with only
one-tenth a great a population a
Mnc . We are able to control Halt!
with : troop. It U estimated that
;-, would be necessary to pacify
Mexico. W have established com
parative peace In Haiti In '
week. The same task In Mexico
inuht occupy several year.
TtMM are tha only essential point
f difference between the two repub
lic, and between the work of pacifi
cation and reorganisation each adly
.i. r.ue Interest and our duty In
tK.th la the same. We could no more
t ilerate European occupation of Mex
.o than of HltL Our duty to our
own citlaena who have ventured their
live and fortune In Mexico U a
much greater than our duty to those
who have a a atake In Haiti a the
rumber of person and the amount
of property concerned are greater In
the one ce than In the other. The
r.p.nslbtllty to other nations which
we have aseumed ta proportionately
greater. The people of Mexico need
our help In restoring orderly govern
ment a much a doe Haiti. Then
whv thta commendable enerey In
Haiti and thla halting hesitation, this
raiting f-r Pan-AmerKan co-operation
In Mexico?
The Administration seem at lat to
realise that 11 etarted wrong la deal
ing with Mexico. It appear to shrink
from admljwlon of thla error by chang
ing Its policy. Therefore It attempts
to make the change without breaking
the continuity of It policy more than
t necessary and It utave off that
chance by many shifts. Mr. Wilson's
reluctance to take as decisive action
In Mexico a he has taken In Haiti
seems al to be due lo the difference
In the magnitude of the task. We
have aeen with what ease he ha dealt
with Haiti: he did not even call
c-oncrca together. Intervention in
Mexico would require a Urge addi
tion to tha Army. Thl could not be
made without authority from Con
gress or without heavy expenditure
root a Treasury which shoa a
fieflc. t. To ask for that authority and
for the nrces.ir fund would be a
confession of failure In the policy
which h been obstinate! pursued.
In the face of manv warnings, for
tsn er. Mr. Wilson tries every
expedient t avoid making this con
fession, raising this Army, spending
thla money, undertaking this arduoua
task.
Tet the man ho Is esteemed the
. .i mnr!ti Is the man who
f rankle .1mlts his error and acts to
work boldly about repairing U. Were
lie to d . his crUlc would be dis
armed and would be won to his sup
port. If he were to pronounce pacin
ratlon be an American Army the only
hope of peaca In Mexico, and were to
undertake It -without the aid or con
sent of anv other nation." to quote a
bistort.- document, the Nation would
stand behind him and would be more
Inclined t condone hi past blunders.
The boldest and bravest course In
aurh a itoHon I usually the wisest.
. ri MAi. tit hm ft rmrrixn.
The Potofftce Department I exact
lee, from the rural carrier and rural
eemmunltles the peralty for It own
blundering and that of Congress,
which prevented passage of the Pcet
effice appropriation bill at the lat
aesslon. Through renewal of the
reviu year" appropriation the ru
ral free delivery service h.vs been
crippled and member of Congress
av received more complaints, more
bitter In tone, during the last few
month than during several preceding
3 ar.
About U rural route. :J mile
lng have been consolidated Into hat?
th number of double the length.
Mandard roule have been lengthened
and given service on alternate dajs.
ena carrier aervlng two route and
another carrier being dismissed. Br
these change over :ie carrier have
teen displaced.
ef t?ie lenrthenlrf
T v ' - -
fr routes m n . - -
move their I' h'f mile
3 J bavt to Uavel that distance for
mall. They receive mail only every
other dr. and the parcel post hu
btromt Ineffective. e peel ally a to
perishable good, and the runl service
I generally curtailed. Maw meeting
of patron to profit against Mr.
Burleeon" "reform"" art becoming
more numrroui dally.
Rural carriers arc loaing Intereat In
tha service and many have resigned
through fear of dl"mlal. Democratic
pot;nater having been Instructed to
m.km fn nt t . I renorta aa a baaia
I for reduction. The result ha been
discrimination In favor of Democrat.
Tha Wert, where population la
apmrae. la the worm aufferer by the
demoralization of rural free dellyrry
Hrrlre, and pioneer communltea anch
aa are numerous In the Pacific North
west suffer mmt of all. Many remote
aettl.ra. by the abolition of rural
route, have been deprived of the Bote
link which blnda them to civilization.
Oirt MORE ntOW HK-HfA
Justice Hughe haa written a letter
to ex-Governor Stoke, of New Jersey,
repudiating again the effort to make
him a candidate for the Republican
nomination for President. Governor
Stoke has not given the letter out for
publication, but evidently he ha af
forded to certain Interested persons a
chance to take a private peep. The
New York Evening Post declare that
Judge llughra goe ao far a to eay
that. "If nominated In face of hi
protest. h would not accept." The
New York Globe report that the
Judge ha reiterated that "under no
circumstance will he be a candidate
for or accept a presidential nomina
tion." It la not surprising that Justice
Hughea should make a renewed ef
fort to discourage the talk of hi can
didacy; but It la to be regretted that
the character of hi communication to
the New Jersey man la private, so that
there I still some lingering doubt a
to It content. The Hughea senti
ment la an active and formidable
force In present-day afalra. and It
will die hard. The reason la that he
1 everywhere regarded as conspicu
ously fit for the presidency. He ha
courage, enterprise, experience, sa
gacity and understanding. He haa
the public confidence in a remarkable
measure. He Is acceptable to both
Progressive and Republican, and ho
would unite the party. No stronger
candidate could be nominated, and
none ao atrong. probably.
A few months ago It looked a If
any candidate likely to be named by
the Republican could defeat Mr. Wil
son. Now there ha been a change,
due wholly to the war. Event have
conspired to restore the fast-declining
prestige of the President- The
empty dinner pail a a campaign ar
gument may not be potent In a time
of great National peril. Nobody
knowa what a day will bring forth.
It would be folly to attempt a fore
cart of the situation a year hence, or
ven a week hence.
But It la clear that the country will
not be reconciled to another oemn
reason of watchful waiting and dole
ful dillydallying, applied now lo Inter
national affairs.
I MTlWIXr DBEAeiPOYVNS.
The Increasing death rate of men
past years of age continue to per
plex and alarm our medical authori
ties. The last to deliver himself upon
the theme Is Dr. Charlea F. Bolduan.
of the New Tork Health Department,
who telle us that beyond all question
men in middle life "break down
oftener now than In pioneer time."
Dr. llolduan mention several more
or lee convincing reasons for thl dis
couraging phenomenon without rely
Ing absolutely on any of them. The
nervous strain from overwork and
hurry do doubt contribute to the
death rate of middle life. So do drink
and tobacco, particularly the deadly
cigarette. Hut the main cause, ac
cording to Dr. Bolduan. Is perhaps
overeating. ".Most of us." he sas.
"eat too much." and the consequence
is untimely death. Very likely most
men might add a few years to their
probable length of life by cutting
down their table Indulgence, but not
many of them are likely to try to de
feat death by a sacrifice so painful.
Meat leave poison In the human sys
tem which In the long run cause dis
ease of the kidneys, hardening of the
arterle and rheumatism. A strictly
vegetable diet would be far preferable
for most men of sedentary habits.
It Is also to be taken Into account
that many American do not care for
their bodle properly. They expose
themselves needlessly to extremes of
heat and cold, work intemperate!)
when they should rest, and fall to
"groom" themselves adequately. All
these bad habits contribute to shorten
life. Another factor In the story la
often overlooked. It Is the sad lack
of Interest la many a man's life. He
has no mental resource to fall back
unon for relief from worry and wearl-
r,. lie acouired at school In his
childhood an Intense dislike of mental
ertior. which made books, music
and art hateful to him. so that In his
later ear he has no resource but
Ms work. When this pajls life loses
its savor and death makes him an
easy victim. The young people -ho
compelled Director McKlroy to piny
mob music Instead of "The Beautiful
Hlue Danube" and kindred piece at
the Falling school the other night
have already a good start on the way
to a drear and empty old are.
ASHUIND-W rUN.
The town of Ashland has already
attracted a great deal of pleasant no-it-
LlnHlv feetlna toward the
public. Perhaps It I the situation of
the place which inspires u witn an
. The ahelterina- moun
tains, the col stream which pervades
enrt nealllllic ne iiu.
fields and productive orchards sur
rounding It. all conduce to stimulate
a gently humanitarian sentiment In
. - nniiiinn. The Ashland Chau
tauqua was one of the earliest In the
. . . i it mas so charmingly
housed Uat nobody who vltited it
once ever railed to go again
ar-Un. Then came that lovely little
park at the foot of the hill under the
Chautauqua grounds, w here a hundred
rl'.l murmur and str.g. where flowers
blossom In profusion and the trees
wave their boughs In numerous wel
come. Now Asniacu naa vonu iwnu.
to develop Us mineral springs on a
trulv metropolitan scele. We under
stand that the enterprise I wholly
municipal and for the public good.
There wt'.l be a great sanitarium con
structed. Imposing drinking fountatna
will be erected and the park sstem
will be greatly enlarged.
It Is said that the new park will
Include SI acre., to be bought out
right by the town for that purpose.
Pretty well. this, for a place no larger
lhan Ashland. But tha city Is licking
to. the long future. It realize that
the possession cf wonderful natural
resources Insure it a permanent pat-
ronare from the traveling public and
It I proceeding aanely and wisely to
meet prosperity halfway. The park
will be watered by the stream from
ML Ashland. It will contain enchant
ing pla grounds for the children and It
abounds with sparkling springs, many
of them medicinal. .Of course there
will be camping ground for motor
ist. The motor travel will be an In
creasing asset for Ashland every year.
The whole of Southern Oregon 1 re
plete with Interest for traveler. Cra
ter Lake Is thu far the bet known of
them all. but many other are hardly
less charming. If not ao rrand. In
time they will all be made accessible
and man will do hl part to help carry
out nature" plain purpose of making
Southern Oregon a traveler's paradise.
KEwnlXa NOX-COMBATAVTS TO PtATH.
The broad f"rtin behind the sink-Ins-
of the Liudlania and the Arabic
i. ih. momi rtffht of Germany, or!
any nation, to pursue methods of war
r.. - vt.tj.w Invnlv. the Heath of noli
combatants and the summary destru
Ae mprh.nl ehlns Mr. BfVJ
van
denle that the loss of 100 American
Uvea on the t.usitania or two jyuic.i
can live on the Arabic Justify war
between the United States and Ger
many. He demands that Americans
keep off British or French vessels and
the fnited Mate will keep out of
trouble.
But the fundamental lssue with
Germany Is not the death of 100 or of
two Americana The Immediate ques
iinn I. nt cours the freedom of the
sen and the rights of neutrals. But
the larger question is tne ncni ui am
belligerent to attack without notice a
vessel engaged in lawful commerce
and not engaged In war. and having
aboard non-combatants men. women
and childen of all nationalities.
The fact that Americans were sent
to death on the two British vessels,
la the Immediate occasion of our firm
assertion of the right of our cltlxens
. - .-..--I thai ...a unmolested. But It
I easy to aee that we should have
no real grievance If the rlgh-r of a
k.iii..r.ni to attack an enemy mer
chantman without warning; be con
ceded. Americans, or otner neuiran,
nnn-enmbatant citizens of a nation
at war. would then be aboard such a
vessel at their own risk.
The cardinal offense of Germany in
sinking with submarines two great
passenger ships, even though engaged
in munition trade. Is not that Ameri
cana were drowned, but that men.
women and children, non-combatants
and neutral, none of whom had taken
up arm against Germany, were sum
marily sent to deatn.
TUB COMT AND FROSPKRITV.
Aa n as the people of Oreson that
the imiMl asset they have Is ths row
th.a th.ra wtil not be tne iiniei poui
h.it, ih.t a financial e.Decsaioa will vr
occur la your stats.
State Senator Sullivan, oi ouu
xiinn ma.4a tha above state
ment 'in Portland a day or so ago and
be gave good aavice. -o
speaks from a ripe experience, be
cause Minnesota has made as great
strides towards prosperity the lost 15
or :0 years as any state In the Union.
If anybody had said a quarter of
a century ago that Minnesota would
ever be one or tne nest aairy ttui
n . ki- Mimin tha ntntement would
have been met with derision. Dairying
being one of tne cniei inoumn iei
now Senator suiuvan louna rTn
say, "We hear absolutely nothing
of hard time In Minnesota."
Minnesota marche awlftly along In
prosperity, and one of the reasons ap
parently Is that the agricultural sec
tions are much given over to tne
dairy cow. which of course means that
the swine Industry is a leading one.
One never see a dairy section without
a large number of hogs, the hog and
cow going "hand In hand," so to
Compare Minnesota wun urtiou;
Think what the Mtnnesotans have
done in their rigorous climate, where
dalrv cow have not so much as six
months' open pasture in tne year, men
take Oregon wilh year-round pasture
In the favored sections, with a mild
eiimate and with a wealth of the best
of green food all the time. There Is
no comparison that can oe maue uui
doe not show Oregon to have the ad
vantage. The statements of senator Buunan
only bear out what The pregonlan
and many other newspapers of the
state for some time have been teach
ing and what the officials of the Ore
gon Agricultural College nave ueen
i ...In. om-av at for tWO decades
that the dairy cow will not only
helD to lead us to propemjr uui. .n-.j.
to keep u there.
RKTIRtD FARMER,1?.
A recent editorial In the Saturday
Rvenlng Post on "Retired Farmers"
haa drawn some Interesting comment
from other papers and magazines.
.- nntif.eH that retired farmers
were to be found In almost every town
in the Middle West and wonaereu wny
there should be so many more of them
than of retired "grocers, plumbers,
blacksmiths, lawyers." and so on. The
evident conclusion seemed to the Post
to be that farming won a competence
more surely and quickly than any
other calling of the ordinary sort.
This mav be true In part, though we
can hardly concede that the rewards
of agriculture come very early in the
farmer s life, as a rule. Most men of
that vocation who retire on a compe
tence are pretty well along in years.
Many of them are broken down by
hard work and poor diet. Nor arc
they disproportionately numerous
when we come to think the matter
all over. Around most country towns
. v. n-a a hundred workina farmers
to one blacksmith or lawyer and at
least a score to every grocer, itwouia
consequently be a little surprising If
they did not outnumber most other
classes of men In retirement.
The returns from agriculture, small
as they may be. are probably somewhat
-.rtHin than those from the law
n tha at ore in country towns. It Is
sometimes estimated that 93 per cent
.. . . -n in h.iaina.a
or all retail grui-yie .a.i ...
If this figure were reduced by half we
should still not look to see many re
tired grocera living In affluence. And
yet there are plenty to oe lounn
a have money enouah. Hardly
a village Is without two or three of
them and aa a rule tney nave mucn.
larger Incomes than the retired farm
ers. We may add that they kvnow
belter also how to spend their money
. - .., and amusement. A skill
ful blacksmith makes a great deal of
money it ne naa a soon iuvsiium
competition Is not loo severe. Men
of that calling lay up a competence
quite early in life w hen they do not
aaste their money. We have In mind
one small village where three Nack
mitha in succession have retired from
business on a competence within the
. . r It n vaana Rin. VAIint men
IMKl I 1 " ' . "
still, they turned to other occupations
hen they left the forge and anvil, 1
hut It waa not to earn a living. They I
had laid by enough easily to supply
their wants for the rest of their lives.
The village lawyer does not retire
usually until he dies, because his occu
pation Is stimulating and agreeable.
Ho does not work at all with his
hands and not very murh with his
brains. A rural law practice soon be
comes a mere matter of pleasant rou
tine with few problems to solve and
good remuneration for facile services.
The very fact that a man is a lawyer
brings him respect In country towns
and makes him a leading citizen. He
would be Very foolish to sacrifice
these bland rewards of virtue as long
as he can cling to them. The farm
er's case Is very different. KveryUiing
urges him to retire as roon as he can.
His work is hard, and, unless he ap
plies modern methods. It Is unlnter
extlng. His calling wins him no par
ticular consideration from his neigh-
Knr. nntM he trntm fn for advanced
experiments which require more cap
ital than most. farmers like to sink
In them. Often a farmer can obtain
as large an income by renting his
land as he can be working It.
In such cases wisdom seems to
counsel retirement. Comparatively-
few farmers feel much affection for
their land. It has served them as a
"mine" from which to dig- money
rather than a living source to be fos
tered and cherished. The ordinary
country dwelling is at a disadvantage
In almost every respect compared with
one in even u ftma.Il town. Poor
schools, bad roads, lack of accessible
neighbors and a dozen other draw
harks make farm life seem like an
unhappy exile to many who must lead
It. No wonder they hasten to tne vil
lages aa soon as they can escape. The
Inevitable consequence or mis exoaus
la an Increase of tenant farming in
the United States, and we cannot ex
pect to escape the manifest evns oi
the tenant system in the course of
time From nresent aDDearances In
some sections the Independent Amer
ican farmer Is destined to vanisn irom
tha atiT-th hefnre manv veafS to be
succeeded by renters. Great changes
In our politics will be certain to 101
low. The farmer who owns his land
Is usually a strict conservative, while
renters are Inclined to be radicals.
The Cleveland Plain Dealer pleads
for a revival of croquet on the ground
tn.t it la a miM rame" and would
therefore be beneficial "in these mad.
rushing times." Croquet Is still tairiy
popular In rural neighborhoods. Like
the card rame called "Old Maid," It
pleases persons of a certain not very
energetic cast of mind and body. To
play It requires little skill and no ex
ertion. It is a good game for fat
women. Invalids and mollycoddles.
Th. rhHrflnn Sclenca Monitor an-
nnonoaa that Fuffene V. Debs has be-
- ..iam. nreslrlent. HIS insti
tution Is the People's College at Fort
Scott, Kansas, ills main enorta ior
the present will be to graauate
iirniLiitff.piiiM lawvers. " There is
nothing new in his undertaking. Most
lawyers of ability come from the
working class, but some of them get a
good many miles away from it ceiore
they die.
ri- nai'id Starr Jordan has pre
scribed thd qualifications of a model
college president. "He must not ten
all he knows, nor be too convivial,
nor smoke." These are the three
nHnMnol one.. W WOUld SUggeSt a
fourth, namely that the model presi
,int ahnnlH know what a modern
college Is and Its necessary relations
to the public. Ten men ran in mis
particular to one in eitner oi ine
others.
The California lawyers have crossed
the Rubicon by admitting women to
their Bar Association. From that it
Is an easy march to woman Judges,
sheriffs and governors. Russia has
had Czarinas and t,ngiana naa nuu
Queens, but no American state nas
yet had a woman governor. When
she appears on the scene what shall
we call her? A governess, or wnaw
rr riaxton's dream of a Federal
university at Washington with S10.
000.000 annual Income Is attractive.
Some time it may come true. But
what ground is there for believing
- i.H r clnTtnn that it will promote
the peace of the world? Can anybody
name a single university m tne coun
tries now at war that has come out
for peace?
New York, Illinois. California and
Ohio have each more automobiles
than Iowa. Pennsylvania has exactly
as many as that state. Iowa s Income
from automobile licenses exceeds
$1,000,000 yearly, but the state has
not vet hecome famous for good roads.
There are many other .ways of spend
ing money more alluring to poli
ticians.
Socialist members of the reichstag
arc talking terms of peace which In
cludo keeping German, Austrian and
T,..i.i.k tarrirorv intact. The Social
ist member, however, is not consulted
by the German warrior, who has
plans of his own.
A district court In New York de
clares there is a kodak trust, but the
world will not be certain until the
Supreme Court takes a shot at it.
The man who married "Lucky"
Baldwin's daughter has cause to pre
fix his deceased father-in-law's nick
name to his cognomen.
Admiral Shepherd will note that a
German skipper and his mate have
been put on the admiral's staff of the
Astoria Regatta.
Great Britain estimates the German
killed at half a million. What are
the reliable figures on her own loss?
The Germans moved up a peg yes
terday on the Petrograd trail. Only
123 days to that Christmas dinner.
Russian aviators got the range on
Constantinople yesterday with thrill
ing effect
The fair season has opened and
everything big is ready for the blue
ribbon.
Southern Portland wants "rag" mu
sic and must have it.
This 1 packing day for the exodus
to the hopflelds.
Beffin to save your spare dollars for
the Dollar day. .
Ty Cobb is of more value than a
racehorse.
European War Primer
By National Geographical Soeler.
BELFORT. from which the most per
sistent, tenacious and successful of
the Invasions undertaken by the Allies,
that Into southern Alsace, has been
based, is a powerful fortress on a par
with Metx, and cne of the most Import
ant keys tbat lock the northeastern
gates of France.
Belfort and Mets are among the
strongest forts In the world, both pos
sessing formidable natural positions
which have been strengthened In every
way known to modern engineering.
The primary Importance of both places
la their military strength, and in
neither place have commercial and in
dustrial "booms" found any encourage
ment at the bands of the authorities.
Belfort Is a storehouse where vast
quantities of military supplies are kept,
and the safety lock to the French back
door. During the present war, it has
supported a determined Invasion be
yond the neighboring borders of
Alsace.
Paris lies 275 miles away from this
fortress in the west-northwest, and
the capital and outposts are Joined by
the main line of the Eastern Railway.
The German city. Altkirch. lies 17 miles
west of Belfort, while Muelhausen is
little more than 20 miles distant. The
French post is situated astride of a
narrow valley in the midst of a convo
lution of sharply broken hills. The In
tersection of the roads and railways
between Paris and Basel. Switzerland,
and between Lyons and Strassburg oc
cur here. Before the war, a largs trade
passed through Belfort 'to and from
Germany.
The forts of the city are the most
up-to-date of works, constructed and
maintained with unhesitating, -freehanded
expenditure. They consist of
powerful fortifications close upon the
city and of outworks built Into and
upon the tangled hills. During peace
times there was a thriving manufac
ture of machinery, locomotives, wire,
textiles and other metal products here,
which manufacture is doubly valuable
to the city In war time.
Belfort wasathe only French fortress
lo oppose an unconquerable resistance
to the violent tide of German Invasion
in 1870-1S71. Almost from tne begin
ning of the war It was cut oft from the
interior of France. Its f Jrts then v,-ere
merely the antiquated works of the
famous engineer Vauban, but. supple
mented by improvised Held works, they
wtthstood every effort of bombard
ment and assault. Belfort. however,
must have surrendered in the end, as,
by the time of the general armistice
the Germans were surely advancing
their final moves for Its reduction.
Belfort today is a much more powerful
place than was the city of 1S70-1871."
THE JAR THAT WOKE HIM IP AT 40
Los or Good Position Ileeause of
Spendthrift Waya Good Lesson
In the new department called "The
Family's Money," In the September
American Magazine, appears a little
article by a man who was suddenly
made to realize that one who could not
make a success of his family finances
could not be trusted to manage the
finances of a larger business. Following
Is his account of how he secured a
15000-a-year position, which he might
not have gotten had he not learned to
save his own money.
"Until 10 pride was always my
greatest, failing. I married at 30 and
had a wife and four children. My sal
ary was 50 a week. We spent all of
It. One day my department head
called me into his office.
" We are going to make a change.
he said. 'I am going to be promoted.
and So-and-so is to succeed me as
manager of this department. iou
were considered, but the "old man" in
vestigated yon, and. finding tnat you
were not putting aside any oi juui
come, concluded that one who could
not make a success oi nis isiuu
finances could not be trusted to handle
an important part of a big - business
where production is maintained at the
minimum. .
i hm not feel offended. I reauzeu
that the fault was my own. I went
home and told my wife why I had lost
this 5000-a-year place. I think I must
have Jolted her pride. She suggestea
that we move out or tne oisiricv
house rent was $50 a month and con
fine uor living expenses to $25 a week,
half of my income.
To make this obligatory i msiruti-
ed the office DooKKeeper w
$'5 of my salary each week until the
end of the year. I was determined
to show the 'old man mat j. cumu
money.
"At the end of the remaining 30
weeks in that year I had $7o0 to my
,.nt I mia-ht have received
6 per cent Interest, uui a
1 ' . ma t tolH the. book-
DOW ior dikwvi p.-""
. hnl.l hark S30 a week.
"The end of the 18th month foundj
me In charge of tne purcnasm "i'-' -ment
for the company and drawing the
- When 1 am 50 years old
1 shall have no less than $30,000 at the
.....ni schedule. And this is a better
asset in old age than pride."
Law as to Receiving Newspaper.
VANCOUVER. Wash, Aug. 25. (To
the Editor.) Please inform an oia
reader of your paper on the law re
garding the liability of a person re
ceiving a newspaper when not sub
scribing for it. L. M. WATRLS.
From postal laws and regulations
pertaining to second-class mail matter:
Section 419. A "legitimate list of
subscripers" to a newspaper or peri
odical is a list of:
Such persons as have subscribed for
the publication for a definite time,
either by themselves or by another on
their behalf, and have paid, or prom
ised to pay. for it a substantial sum as
compared with the advertised sub
scription price.
The right of publishers to extend in
good faith credit on subscriptions is
recognized and will not be abridged,
and although all subscriptions are
regarded as expiring with the period
for which they were obtained, never
theless, in order to give an opportun
ity to secure renewals, copies of their
publications will be accepted for mail
ing as to subscribers at the usual second-class
rates of postage for a period
of one year from the date of expira
tion, but copies sent to persons after
one year from the date of expiration of
their subscriptions, unless such sub
scriptions be expressly renewed for a
definite time, together with an actual
payment of subscription or a bona fide
promise of payment, will not be ac
cepted at the pound rate, but will be
accepted at the transient second-class
rate of 1 cent for each four ounces,
or fraction thereof, prepaid by stamps
affixed.
A general business interpretation of
the above is that a person who has
not actually subscribed for a paper
cannot be held liable for the payment
thereof, even though he does accept the
paper from the Postoffice. but it is
better to give the postmaster notice of
refusal.
Quotation From Pope.
PORTLAND, Aug. 2S. (To the Edi
tor.) can you give me this quotation
correctly, also its author? "I belong
to no sex or creed. I walk the straight
and narrow road, I walk hand in band
with God, up to Nature and Nature's
God.- A READER.
The quotation wanted, no doubt, Is
from Pope's Essay on Man:
Slave to no sect, who takes no private
road.
But looks through Nature up to Na
ture's God.
CO-OPERATION IX LAND CLEARING
Uae Man's Hardships la Making Good
Shews Need of System. .
PORTLANND, Aug. 24. (To the Edi
tor.) An' article in The Sunday Ore
gonian, recounting the experience of a
man who had taken up .ten acres of
stump land near Portland, was roost
interesting to me. He was' wholly in
experienced and hampered by ill
health, but at the end of the fourth
year had a start toward prosperity.
According to his story tne settler's
land was difficult to clear and his first
year's work, by the old-fashioned ax,
mattock and crosscut saw method gave
him one and a third acres cleared. He
secured excellent returns from the
crop on this area, and with a team and
stump puller added to his equipment,
had three acres cleared the second
year. In that time he learned the ad
vantages of diversified farming, and in
the two subsequent years cleared a
little more of his holding and added
dairy cows to his money producers.
- From what I have observed of other
men who have taken up logged-off
land, he must be different from the
ordinary settler. I judge that he Is a
hard working. Intelligent man, prob
ably one with a business training
which he applied to his farm prob
lems, and a fair amount of capital to
sart with. His success does him cred
it, because he undertook a task that
most men fail to complete., as can be
seen by the hundreds of abandoned
cabins and decaying fences to be found
all through our cut over timber lands.
These latter ara monuments to the real
estate and speculative schemes of the
pat, designed chiefly to work on the
visions of wealth the gullible were told
could be produced from our rich coast
lands.
Such wealth can and will be pro
duced from lands now Idle, but It will
not be by many men working single
handed on a problem that Is not a one
man affalr.x Instead of the laborious
work of land clearing by hand, that
adds one or two acres of clearing a
year to each holding, this work will
be undertaken by a large number of
men working together, assisted by
modern machinery. By that means, all
the acreage will be cleared quickly
and made available for production. In
stead of the- farmer spending years on
land clearing that does not produce
anything all his efforts will be cen
tered on farming which was his ob
ject when he took up the land.
This Is not a wild dream or a vision
ary thing, because such co-operative
clearing settlements are already in op
eration in the Portland district. A num
ber of men with an efficient engineer
to direct them, supply the necessary
labor In co-operation with powerful
maehinety. and they get results. Their
land Is cleared ready for cultivation
and their labor pays the greater part
of the purchase price. Only a little cap
ital Is required from each man. and no
man can hope to go farming without
any. A community settlement is
created and such a body of residents
can be depended upon for co-operative
creameries, canneries and marketing
arrangements. that will conserve
profits to all members.
This co-operative movement Is in
line with 20th century progress, and it
looks to me as if it solves lots of the
difficulties surround'ng the settlement
of our dormant lands. Such men as
the one whose experiences you quote,
are an asset to our state, and they
should be given the opportunity to
turn their energy and their intelligence
to real farming from the start, rather
than to the back-breaking, discourag
ing work of single-handed land clear'
ing. H. G. RICH. Engineer.
MCXICIPAL BAND IS COMMENDED
Lara-er Annroorlatlon Next Year la
Sug-g-ested; People Benefit.
PORTLAND. Aug. 25. (To the Edi
tor.) When the City Council of Port
land made an appropriation of tiu.uuu
for the purpose of providing a munic
ipal band it made an investment more
profitable than any other that it has
ever made. The profit may not be in
dollars and cents, or in visible mer
chandise, but must be reckoned by
the enjoyment given to tens of thou
sands in our beautiful parks by the
Drovision of good music, well played.
Portland has had many municipal
bands since the park concerts were
first Inaugurated, and it is not the
purpose of thi3 little sketch to make
any comparisons with that which ex
ists today and those what have gone
before. It is sufficient to say that
Portland now possesses a Municipal
Band that the city may well be proud
of, and. one that is giving the citi
zens what they are hungering for in
the way of open-air music.
The writer has had the good for
tune to hear many of the finest mili
tary bands of the United States. Great
Britain, France, Germany, Austria,
Belgium and Russia, and considering
its size and the conditions of its for
mation, the Portland Municipal Band
would not suffer in comparison with
manv of these. It is composed of
manv of the best players in the city,
several of whom are of recognized
eminence and ability -on their respec
tive instruments. The band is consti
tuted on the right lines and consists
of 2 flutes, 1 oboe, 8 B flat clarinets,
1 E flat clarinet, 2 bassoons, 4 horns,
2 trumpets. 3 B flat cornets, 1 baritone,
3 trombones, 3 tubas, tympani, bass
drum and side drum. The repertoire
consists, of manv of the standard over
tures. oneratic selections, suites and
hallet music numbers, with a plentl
ful sprinkling of favorite and popular
melodies, and not forgetting several
clever "rags" and humorous para
phrases. Recent programmes contained
Lassen's "Festival," the "William Tell,
"II ' Guarany" and "Tannhauser"
overtures, numbers by Rubinstein,
Dvorak, Tchaikowsky. operatic selec
tions bv Verdi. Donizetti, Wagner,
Friml and Victor Herbert, some Sousa
marches and many dainty little excerpts
from popular ballets. W. E. McElroy,
the popular director, is to bo congrat
ulated on his band and the music that
It prays. As a director, Mr. McElroy is
full of life and vigor, always on the
alert and does not play tricks with
his men. He gets power and massive
ness at the right time, and softness
and daintiness in the proper places.
His phrasing and interpretation are
excellent and he deserves high com
mendation for the taste displayed in
making up his programme.
Portland has a fine Municipal Band
and the appropriation for next year
should be increased to $12,000 or $15,000.
None will grudge the money, for every
dollar spent means enjoyment of the
purest and most elevating character
for the people, and the larger the ap
propriation the better and more ef
ficient will be the band, and the great
er will be its influence in the musical
life of this beautiful city of homes.
F. W. G.
Report Branded as False.
PORTLAND, Aug. 25. (To the Ed
itor.) Since the death of my son
Harry in an accident, when, while rid
ing a bicycle, he was hit by an' auto
mobile, I have been tormented almost
Intolerably by reports that I would sue
the man driving the automobile. I
wish it made plain that I have never
had such thoughts. All the money In
the world could not retrieve my loss
and my grief is sufficient that surely
I should be spared the additional woe
of hearing it said that I would place
a money value on my dead son. It is
intolerable and Inhuman that I should
be accused of such thoughts.
A. TURTLEDOVE.
Rights of Married Women.
DETROIT. Or., Aug. 24.. (To the
Editor.) What is the present status of
married women as to property rights
In the State of Oregon? A. M. t.
Exactly the same as those of mar
rled men. These rights are defined In
section 7050, Lord's Oregon Laws,
Twenty-five Years Ago j
From The Oregonian of August 2, 1S0.
n-- I. 1 -..A A. " T?An e n-
., aill lis lull, aum. v. ... . .--n.r-
.1..- T - .I- C ........ S T" . t-i. r-
live A 13 1 . ,, ctouii, .. i a.,
dropped dead in the botanical gardens
at the foot of the Capitol grounds this
morning oi neart disease.
The State of California is due here
this afternoon.
London. Aug. 25. Henry M. Stan-
leys agent has written a letter In
which he says Stanley Is far from be
ing restored to perfect health.
Athens. Aug. 25. The forest on
Mount Pentelicus has been on fire
since Friday. The King and his son
are directing the troops in their effort
to prevent a spread of the flames. The
excavation of the American School of
Archaeology has already been de
stroyed. It is stated that the steamer T. J.
Potter will go over to the Sound about
September 15. At that time the sea
side travel will be over and the com
pany will have absolutely nothing here
for her to do, but as the prospect for
a big run on the Sound seems flatter
ing, there is no doubt that she will
change her Winter quarters.
Customs Inspector G. W. r.oss yes
terday afternoon captured 45 tael cans
of opium in a washliouso at Four
teenth and R streets. He found out
that the opium was there and went to
look for It. and at last found a China
man dodging around ths yard with a
basket in which was the opium.
Judge Deady has returned from a
brief trip to Yaquina. He took a
look at the jetties while there and
was told by Mr. Polhemus that if tha
necessary money could be had the, jetty
couldbe completed In three years.
Fred E. Wright, manager of Hoyt's
"A Midnight Belle" company, is regis
tered at the Esmond.
Half a Century Ago
From The Oregonian of August -tf, 1S53.
Governor Edgerton, of Montana, has .
issued a call for 500 men for 60 days
to protect the immigrants and chas
tise the Indians.
The directors of the Portland Acad
emy and Female Seminary have con
cluded arrangements for the reopening
of the institution on the first week of
September, under thef supervision of S.
C Sayre, as principal. The depart
ment teachers will be announced next
Monday, very likely. Mr. Sayre Is a
very competent teacher and it is a mat
ter of congratulation to the directors
and the public that they have secured
so able a principal. We speak for the
school a liberal patronage in the fu
ture course.
Governor Murphy, of Arkansas, re
ports a deplorable state of affairs in
that state. He charges the rebel lead
ers with permitting their troops to
disband themselves before their sur
render, so that they have scattered
themselves in every direction, taking
arms and ammunition, plundering and
robbing without discrimination. There
is much destitution in the state.
Cohn & Fishel hav- removed their
stock of boots and shoes to the store
at HI Front street, which was express
ly fitted up for that purpose, and have
made recent additions . in the line of
clothing and gentlemen's furnishing
goods.
New York Times. July 19. The Pres
ident has changed the place of con
finement of Dr. Mudd, Spangler. Ar
nold and O'Loughlin from the Albany
penitentiary to the Dry Tortugas. a
secure prison on a barren reef a few
miles beyond Key West.
A former resident of this city, writ
ing from La Grande under date of
August 20, says the crop of wheat and
oats in the Grand Ronde Valley is
abundant and the quality of the grain
is the best in the world. Barley raised
there Is decidedly good and he says
100 bushels can be produced from an
acre in some portions of the valley.
A meeting of the Common Council
was held at the Chamber of Commerce
at 914 o'clock last night.
FIRST AMONG- ALLIES AT WAR
Russia Did Not Begin War but Was
First Ally Involved.
ST. JOHNS. Or., Aug. 24. (To the
Editor.) In your editorial August 24
you state Russia began the present
European war, France entered it to
help Russia and England to help both.
It would seem to me that you should
revise your history somewhat as to
who first declared war. Russia cer
tainly did net France has fought on
the defensive and England only to pro
tect Belgium's neutrality, which she
had guaranteed. E. W. ANGELL.
The idea we Intended to convey was
that Russia was the first among tne
Allies to become Involved in war and
that France and Britain came to her
aid. The fact is that Austria began
the war by attacking Serbia, and Ger
many extended it by declaring war
against Russia. The point we endeav
ored to make was that. France having
gone to help Russia and Britain, in de
fense of Belgian neutrality having
helped France, would probably not be
the first to make a separate peace.
High-Sea Marriages.
HILLS BO RO, Or.. Aug. 25. (To the
Editor.) riea.se give me some informa
tion on marriages on the high seas.
Can one be married on the high seas
after being divorced, if the six months"
limit la not up? Are witnesses needed?
Is a marriage of that kind legal?
B. E. S.
A marriage may be contracted on the
high sea or anywhere else within the
narinri of six months after a divorce Is
granted, but the marriage would not be
recognized in the state in wnicn tne
divorce was eranted. No license is
needed unless the captain of the vessel
or whoever performs the ceremony re
quires some form of this sort. The
matter of witnesses also would be for
the captain or minister to decide. High
sea marriages are recognized by the
courts of all lands.
No,
. FOREST GROVE. Or., Aug. 25. (To
the Editor.) Will you please tell me If
there is a premium on Buffalo nickels.'
D. A. E.
Shall I Buy Now
or Wait?
Any time this question comes up
where is the natural place to go for
advice?
To the advertising columns or a
good, reputable newspaper, like The
Oregonian. of course. Advertising
tells you market conditions. It tells
of prices and places.
It gives you facts on which to
form sound judgment, eliminating
guesswork,
There is no part of the newspa
per more directly essential to the
well being of your pocketbook than
the advertising.