Morning Oregonian. (Portland, Or.) 1861-1937, August 23, 1915, Image 6

Morning Oregonian., August 23, 1915, Page 6, Image 6

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Newspaper Page TextTHE 3I0I.XIM? OREGONTAX. 3IOXDAT, AUGUST 23, 1915. rorrutm vuxox. Kniee-sof si ri:u4. onf rsern ueevnjrti-e, Jlauss laartal ' a I Br lull te::v. lates tnels-i-4. yar l-s.. r. m ua-'.'. it'l, e t m,,-e t.. .-. .ie h- .j4 e-s GiOi . l . a-r v.st s n,.a. se- .ar . . t-S- T. W I' ' t . i . S- mor l . Li . V i-,.E s .n.t. ("i(f 't 1st " iti -t s aia. aaa saeata n Oa ................. Hun ; f . sr. , ? ..- ..............a. uau.y ana al. ana Jser ...... iHt Carrier i Dt t. P'ib-1t Is -fn't. mf ... lji- i. 'a-ls,. lr.s.ua-4. a Btiata - . . .1 .i: . . . ..t " .. Ms- tm He east jmi4 r"es:srtl -e -. -:'-. u i asrs-iaa. ;isc ' ls--al ian. of cs.r-a r f a-. e-.n-i.rs r'-s. ; e..st-.ff!ce eJaree fu.l. lasn.'iis comis W4 eiata. r mi n i i raa-e. i y'-." ts a p.4-s. J nma It u !. as ( e Bases. eeute. u t ee-e. ' .: ; t. wi vi csa:a ar! tmmrm Ifw-Vtr. 4k rvfie;. n- fc,...... t..,:Uim. Ne t-jra. srss ti! "ku rspree-otaii.e. H. J. t l.-'t er-et. OI K IMXTSTRI AL TKOt BLE-. A might have ben expected, th nolt of th Industrial Relations Comjntsaion" Inquiry Into the Cause and cur of industrial unrest U several mer or less conflicting reports. Though th report signed by Chairman Walsh and th three Ubur members . proposw very radical cbacKea. not p- pro-l br ether member, an trie com mUatouers asre on proposal o rad IcaJ that a few dcca lea ago they would hare been considered lmpoaalble. Thr axe three reports, one signed by the four radicals mentioned, another by two moderatea and the third by three employers ho axTeo lth the moderate oa all except a few points. the moat Important of which ta the Wcaltxlna; of the boycott. The one point upon which all agree that a Federal Inheritance tax should be imposed oa a scale sliding upward t U per cent on fortunes ex ceeding S!.9.0'(. All agree that this tax should be placed In a special fund to be devoted t vast schemes of iocUI betterment snd constructive work. The radicals, so are Prank P. Wal'h. the chairman, and the labor represent atives, go further, however, and pro pee what amounts to a general un aettlement of land titles to which sus picion of fraud attache and adoption of th basic principle of single In. Th radical alo propose a drastic system of constitutional amendment and legislation for protection of per sonal rights, restriction of Judicial cower. Jury reform and removal of abuse of private detective agcnrles and of th inllilla: also to secure the rla-ht of labor to organise. This re port dwells on the wrongs suflrred by Ubor. which wo all know to need re dress, to th exclusion of the wrongs done by Ubor. which should noi ce Is-nored. The moderale. including th em ployers, onlt In proposing the erec tion of another permanent National commission to supervise Industrial re lations, although we already have a Department of I.abor for that express purpose and although the Government 1 alrady so rumtxrsom a machine that It moves at all with the utmost dlfflcotty. They propose sxtenslon of th Newtands mediation act to all in Castries, but on a ptan more Intrlrate than and far Inferior to the hlshly successful Canadian system. They would legal! boycotts on the ground that "employers have practical Im munity from punishment for maintain ing blacklists." which Is to say that they would balance on vll by per mitting another, thourh real, construe, tiv statesmanship dictate prevention of both or removal of th Incentive for their existence. If th commission's plans thoee on which th factions acree wer adopt ed. the work of the Government would be Immeasurably enlarged and the Na tion woull stri further encroach on the Held of activity hitherto occupied by the states. Our Government would become a paternal, scml-soctsllst Insti tution closely resembling that of Ger many. German paternalism Is neces sary to the present supreme purpose of th empire military success and is mor closely adapted to th genius of th German people than the highly lndtvtdoallst American Nation. Neces sity may drive the American people to It. but they will adopt It slowly and reluctantly and not until after they have exhausted every other expedient. If they should resort to It. they will 1 so first through their state govern ments. In order that the changes may fee adapted to local peculiarities. Pot these changes could not be un dertaken on any such extensive scale as th commission proposes unless lib eral funds were provided In such a manner as the National Inheritance t:a-. TMi would be a most radical step, possible only after constitutional amendment and after due provision had been ma.le to compensate those states which have Imposed such a tax. Much ttrne would be consumed In pub lic discussion of this charge before the people would be ready f r It. In the meantime the states might make such TpM prcgrcss In so-l.l betterment work on the lines sugcestcd that little would remain . d. The purpose to be attained by a National inheritance tag would then be rather the limita tion of large fortunes and the more equitable distribution of the fruits of Industry, as urged by the radicals, than the purpose on mhl-h all agree. Some of the evils to which attention Is directed have been condemngl re peatelly by The Orcecnlan. Employ er In remote scctlors such as mining carrps are able to rule cr.tlre commu nities In feudal fashion through their power to deny employment and through ownership of all land, dwell ings and stores in the vU-!n!tv. Their control exten.ls In some places to courts and t. sll political offices. 8rrad cf this evil may be preverted In some degree by the new policy of han dttr.g non-metallic mineral land. The activities cf private detective and em ployment agencies need strict regula tion to prevent the evils which caused the Colorado coal Insurrection. The mtn:t. should be relieved cf any sus picion of being a toot In the hands of employers, and the work cf preserving peace during Industrial dlsrutes should be Intrusted to a state constabulary. IS ghts of lahor to organise should be confirmed snd strerg-.hened. collective bargaining should b encouraged, and mediation should be adopted to pre vent. Instead of to set'!, strikes. There Js much merit In the charge ef th thre commt-s?-nrrs representing em ployers that many of oar industrial trouble ar due to abuse existing In labor anions and to their trresponst bl'lty In some cases. The radicals hsve or!r weakened te force of their report by lacking the ingle-tag scheme to thoee proposals en wh'ch thev ':htr;iary agree wnn b-Tlrg state r'r ine iiru v.uiu..i.i tha ether eommtsstorer and by tsk- of mules? Such was th cas. To Jjt deditdly e--dd view cLhtjwhal doe th Governor attxlbut that labor question. On can agree with all they say of tb wrongs Inflicted on labor without shotting one's eye. aa they do. to th wrongs done by labor. In this respect the report of Mrs. J. Borden Harriman and Profes sor Commons will have far more weight, and the employers, by Indorsing these proposal with certain excep tions, have shown a breadth of view vhlch Is most encouraging for Indus trial peace. When we consider what great dl vision of sentiment exists on the labor question and how deeply It reaches into every man's Interests, th wonder 1 not that th commissioners failed to agre on all ponlts. but that they agreed on so many points. The Nation has Just passed through a period of active economic reconstruction and needs time to adapt Itself to the changes already made. It Is not likely, therefore, that Congress will soon take up any of the schemes the commis si n puts forward. But the work has bs en most useful. It gives us a clearer view of our Industrial ailments and points out possible remedies. The sev eral report mil prove the basis of discussion which my bear fruit In leg islation when we are able to turn our minds from th even more pressing questions which now absorb public at tention. A BIWIVV(I IHrialM AT. Sine W. J. Bryan retired from the Stat Department deserving Demo crats of his stamp have begun to give plac to deserving diplomats. Th first change of this kind Is the displacement of James XI. Sullivan as. Minister to Santo Domingo and the substitution of William W. KusscII. Mr. Sullivan's claims to distinction were his services to the Democratic party In the campaign of 1911 and the high opinion Mr. Bryan had formed of him personally, ile used his office to promote tha Interests of his contractor and banker friends at the expense of the Dominicans, even to the point of meddling In their revolutions. Mr. ICusselL also a Democrat, was Mr. Sul livan's predecessor In Santo Domingo, lie had eighteen years' experience as diplomat ln Latin-American coun tries, having been appointed by Presi dent Cleveland In 1S and having continued In ortlc and been promoted by President Koosevelt and Taft on his merits without regard to politics. Having had experience as a civil engi neer employed on surveys in South America and Mexico, he knew some thing of his new field when appointed secretary of legation to Venexuela. He held th same office at Panama and then was successively Minister to Co lombia. Venezuela and Santo Domingo. Uy returning to the practice of Mr. Pryan'a predecessor In appolntlrg men who have made good. Secretary Lansing I restoring the diplomatic service to th high standing It had at. taincvl under Messrs. Hay. Root and Knox. He I himself a diplomat first and a politician afterwards. This fact gives promts that tha United States will not again be held up to contempt and ridicule by the exploits of men who are appointed chiefly because they ar deserving Democrats. Mr. Russell U a deserving Democrat of the light kind, but above all he is a proved dip lomat. TILL TTAX BECOME f.vPCHOgr Reports that President Tuan Shi KaL of the Chinese Republic, plans to proclaim himself Emperor seem to emanat from Japanese source. His performance of the ceremonial sacii nee to heaven In the Temple of Heaven at the time of the Winter solstice was construed as a sign that be had this design In mind, aa that Is an Imperial function. Report to the same effect have come from Peking from time to time, but they hava always said that Vuan did not favor abandonment of tha republican form of government. These report were believed to have been Intended to test public opinion. Others assert with equal posttlveness that Tuan favors continuing the pres ent stnte of affairs, both from Interest and conviction. Although the repub lican constitution Is nominally In ef fect, the only part which ta actually. In effect Is that part providing for a Pres ident and Vice-President. Tuan exer cises the power of dictator, which Is theeame In substance as that of Em peror, but by retaining the title of President and the form of a republic he quiets the republicans with the hope that the reality may ba estab- tshed. While the republicans are few. they Include a very large propor tion of the Chinese who have had Western education, and they are active and aggressive, while the great mans of the population accepts sny govern mem with Indifference. So long as he succeeds In holding the republicans down or keeping them quiescent, what object would he have In stirring them up by assuming the Imperial title? He hus shown himself a practical politi cian, and, even In a country where form and ceremony count for much, he Is not likely to risk trouble for the shadow so long as he has the sub stance. Vuar.'s assumption of the title of Emperor might be hastened by a new revolution. Possibly Japan, which has not extorted from him all the con cessions It desires and which was cleverly checked by his publication of its demands, may circulate rumors or Ms plans. In the hope of provoking a revolt during which an excuse for armed Intervention might be found. ax iH.rrv APOI.OOT. The new Governor of Georgia In a recent pnbllc utterance stated that the lynching of Frank was due to the great reverence the people of Georgia have for Its women, thereby Inferring that other sections where lynchlngs are less common da not hold their j women in as hign rcgarj. i ne gov ernor was In no wsy happy In his apologetic statements. He said that he had followed th testimony of the Frank trial very closely and there was no doubt of Frank's guilt. Yet hi predecessor. Governor Slaton. went Into th testimony carefully and then commuted Yank's sentence because ha was not convinced of his guilt. After making this commutation known Governor Slaton was. we are told, only saved from lynching by the protection of the militia: and not one of those who sought th Gover nor's life knew anything like as much about the testimony as did the Gov. ernor, who also knew, when he signed th commutation, that he might be s gctng hi own life away. But, to hta great honor. h did what to thought was his duty. Now his suc cessor practically say Governor Sla ton acted unwisely, almost cruninsiiy. Did Owvernor Harris know that the day previous tv his first utterance on the rrana lyrcning i"rn voiorru men had been lynched In a r.elgh- lynching? Surely not to the South ern reverence of women: surely not to the love of law and order. J body accuses the great body of Georgian citizenship for the Jew nail ing of the Frank case or for the "nig ger" baiting In the case of the three hanged for mule poisoning. These crimes and others like them are com mitted by a class of citizens known to every stnte. But the point Is this: Is Governor Hsrris going to put the whole machinery of the state In mo tion to run down the Frank murder ers? If he doe this he will show that he is doing his whole duty; If he does not, then there will remain upon the escutcheon of Georgia a splotch of blood, placed there by men like Gov ernor Harris, men in high places who laugh at the lynching of "niggers" and wink at Jew bailing aa in the Frank case. A SENSITIVE CREATl-RE. Through the shades serene of Kan sas City wanders a sort, csmeiic aoui named William Vinci Holman. Th "Vinci" was Intended by his fond par ents to prefigure that love of art which makes life at once a Joy and terror to this tender being, whose heart, like a soft-shell crab, lies ex posed to every rough contact. William Vinci Holman has been divorced from bis wife, a bold woman who has opened a boarding-house instead or shrinking into a penitent's cell, as she ought. Nay, she calls her low resort "Mrs. William Vinci Holman's Hoarding-House." and every time her ex husband strays past Its loathsome portals he Is confronted by the hide ous vision of his name thus prostituted, to base uses. Aristocratic in all hi taste as well sensitive In all his nerves. It is lm- nosslble to suy how much V imam Vinci suffers under this Infliction. He regards a boardtng-houso at best as necessary evil." If he had his way everybody would dine at 110-a-meal restaurants, but since this cannot ba he thinks that the haunts where the lowly fill their stomachs might at least hide under Inconspicuous names. It Is Intolerable to him that they should audaciously flaunt such high-bred ap pellatives as hi own to the wanton winds for the delight of jeering eyes. Why could not Mrs. William Vinci Holman have resumed her maiden name when she slumped back to her maiden state? So impressed Is Mr Holman with the desirability of her doing so that he has petitioned the court for an order to that effect If the order is granted the sacrilegious sign must come down from her board tng-house and her husband's shudder ing soul will be eased of its woes, What the court will do about It we cannot foretell, but we know perfectly well w hat would happen If we w ere in the Judge's seat. An order would Is sue but not exactly as William Vinci wishes. It would command him in tha first place to eat all his meals at his old wife's boarding-house on me chance that the excellence of her cookery would revive the cold ashes of his love. In the second place he would be ordered to polish the offen slve sign dally In order that the effort of brightening the purgatorial letters might possibly brighten his wits. Un der this reclmen even sucn a cnarac ter aa William Vlncl Holman might in the process of years develop Into a man of sense. WHAT woriJi JXCKSOS HAVE doxet The sloran "America First" was taken up by Senator Borah in a speech at Spokane a few days ago, and. Just to prove it was no partisan slogan, ne quoted from Andrew Jackson, yhom he termed "the great Democrat and the greatest natural-born soldier this V-ountry has given us since v ashing' ton." After stating that our true in terest Is "to cultivate the most friendly understanding with every n tinn. to avoid by every honorable moans the calamities of war," the Quotation reads: n.. ma sstlnn however dstron of peae. n hoD to sscsp occasional rolll-lona with , . . , . tha aounde-c dictates of policy rsqulra tnai anou.u pr -" In a .nr.lll I tin tO SSari OUT TtCtlia, " IV ..... ...-. ahould eer become necessary. We shall more certainly preserve pear when it Is aril understood that we ara prepared for war. Mr. Borah said "the American peo ple want peace, but they want it as Jackson wanted It, wttn nonor, anu then proceeded to describe our situa tion thus: Our treaty with Mexico we dare not up- a.T.4 K.i, tar nearly four years w nas ubmltted to evsry conceivable form of out-rsa-e upon our own citizens and our conduct haa mad the Monroe Uoctrlne a byword and a Jest. ..,.. fr tn. I ' ur rum ii. i , tj ii., . ' ........ - -- - aa. Over zuoo shlpa carrying the product of American lirml and labor naa jiemi .la..l on their war to neutral porta cannot trade with the neutral nations, much jrma carry our own nonconiranana rowis Germany, becaues Ensland saa we may not. n violation or ine pnnciin,, . ,aw. The open door of China la being closed oven In the lace ui our prvtw, - ulemn treaties with that nation. Our cltlaena are drosned at sea and an re do or can a a. sppsrenuj. i- i ..-r bout It. It is no exass.ratlon. it la a ml. a statement of fact, to say that our ngnta upon the sea, in aiexico auu in - held In contempt. Mr. Borah appealed for a little or the foresight, the sturdy patriotism, the robust Americanism" of Andrew Jackson, and for an Increase of our Army and Navy, and closed by say- lng: All these things should be done, not pri marily fT war- but to Insure mora cer tainly peace, with our rishts fully pro tected snd American eltlxenshlp respected upn whatever part of Ud'i footstool it may be found. America first, lal It coat what It may 1 The Idaho Senator voices the senti ments of hosts of patriotlo Americans who are covered with shame at the spectacle of Insult heaped upon their country and of an Administration which simply "write about it." OTHER WATS Of DO ISO IT. Secretary McAdoo has received a letter from Alexander R. Smith, edi tor of the Marine News, which puts to him the choice between going ahead with his Government ship-purchase scheme and supporting measures which will make the shipping busi ness profitable to private capital. He quotes Mr. McAdoo as writing to the Greensboro. N. C. Chamber of Com merce that the Democratic party Is pledged to restore the merchant ma rine: that a merchant marln Is sorely needed: that private capital will not. and that therefore the Government must, provide it. Mr. McAdoo Is quot ed a saying that our capitalists are rot Interested In the shipping business, "because they can make more money In other directions." Mr. Smith then puts the cas before Mr. McAdoo In this way: Manifestly. If our capitalists could make ss much mosey la the ahlppln business as they make la other directions, they wou'd in Teat ta ship and there would be Ba seed of Oovernment ownership and opera tins of merchant ahlps la foralsa trad. Th question aarrnms down. thefor. aa to r-lrat establishment of aa American merchant marine what you ess -n to rsgard aa th better method of atabllahlns aa American merchant marine aa t what can bs don that will make ownership of Ameri can veaaela tn furelsn trade profitab: enough to attract eapnal thereto? Ar yoa sure that there Is so way? H then suggest several measures which might tempt private capital Into the shipping business. He calls atten tlon to the plan recommended by nine tenths of the Chambers of Commerce of the United State. He suggests that increase of mall subsidies under the act of 1191 would give us lines to South America, Africa and more dis tant parts of the world. He proposes that building of tramp steamers be en couraged by Imposition of higher du ties on goods carried in foreign than in American ships. . This, he says, is the constitutional way and the his toric Democratic policy approved by Jefferson and Madison. Under it 90 per cent of American trade waa car ried in American ships. He suggests that clauses in trade treaties prevent ing such preference be annulled at the same time as the clauses which are abrogated by the seamen's law. As to possible retaliation, he recalls that It was tried for sixty year when pref erence was given American ships, but that foreign ships at no time during that period did more than 20 per cent of our ocean carrying. There are other ways than those pro posed by Mr. Smith in which our mer chant marine can be revived. The shipping business can be relieved of the shackles fastened upon It by the navigation laws and by the seamen s aw. Inquiry by a commission such as tho United States Chamber of Com merce has proposed and such as The Orcgonian has frequently recommend ed would reveal these evils, their ef fect and the effect of their removal. When such good alternatives offer and can bring better and quicker results, only an obstinately opinionated man will insist that he has found the only sovereign cure for the ills of our ship ping business. Army men have Just seen a predic tion come true. For several years they have been saying that "some thing" would happen to one of the an tiquated vessels in the Army transport service. Tho United States Army transport McClellan waa reported stranded one-half mile Inland by the Galveston storm. This is the trans port which had to be towed by the Kllpatrick, a consort ship, from Aden to Manila, a distance of about 3000 miles, some years ago. The McClel Ian, carrying troops, had started from New York for the Ph.ilipr.ines. by way of the Suez Canal. She went out in an almost unseaworthy condition, her boilers being defective. She was after wards refitted at Singapore. The defeated candidate before the National Education Association hasty In charging her failure to relig ious prejudice. She Is also foolish in resigning from membership. She is not a good loser. The proper course would have been smilingly to accept defeat and let the people know her better before the next election. How ever, being a woman makes all the dif ference In the world of politics. Twelve men have been paroled from the Penitentiary in the last few days. These acta of executive clemency have not been as spectacular as those of the precediig administration, but are more effective, for they Include the ne cessity of a Job, under which condition there is little danger of return for crimes committed where there might be any other resource open to the men, Having taken military Instruction, Mayor Mltchel. of New Tork, will fall under Mr. Bryan s displeasure as a militarist. It must be sad to the great apostle of peace at the price of Na tional shame to see many good Demo. crats Joining the ranks of those who are not "too proud to fight" for their country's honor. All these accidents in which people are run down and killed are becoming monotonous Incidents in that they are classed as unavoidable. The trouble is that tho victims were educated in the animal age and cannot see readily the danger in the rapidity of the horseless vehicle. All needed to convince the man who objects to good roads la to take him for a ride over Multnomah thorough fares in the vacant seat of your auto mobile. He will return Impressed and a changed man. Has the adoption ofmacaronl by the Belgians as the badge of nationality any connection with mat line in Yankee Doodle:" "He stuck a feather in his hat and called it macaroni?" Dixie Butte, in the Whitman forest reserve, struck by lightning nineteen times within a half-hour recently, may be a mountain of iron ore that attract the celestial juice. Father Timothy Dempsey, who brought about settlement of the St. Louis teamsters' strike, is a man who does big work in a quiet way. There ought to be more like him. Alfalfa growers around Hermiaton are finishing the third crop and expect the fourth to be exceptionally heavy. Some of them figure on a fifth cutting. When It comes to actual punishment for his crime, one month in San Quen- tin was as much Infliction to Abe Ruef as the four years he has served. Brigham Young's widow, who has been dying on the Installment plan for years, has succumbed to the Inevitable. She was the last of the nineteen. An officer of the Army must, it seems, be careful of the company in which he lunches. Uneasy lies the head that holds a Job at the City Hall, for the Commis sioners must make good some way. The Jews in the captured Russian provinces cannot face worse condi tions than under the Czar. With unsatisfying baseball in view. perhaps it Is Just as well to warm up on football. Christmas In about four months away and weather cold enough for anybody. s Has not Hood River enough glory without the four-foot cucumber? It looks as if the trainmen took chance Friday night and lost Italy declares war on Turkey, keep your eye on Greece. Now Dog days, and nobody is scaring muzzles on the animals. The Kaiser can make Perrograd tn two Jumps. Do not return form the beach too soon. Ilwaco cranberries lead (ha .world. 4 Twenty-Five Years Ago j From The Oregoslaa of Aug. S3, 1S90. Dr. Dav Raffety has returned from the seaside, but hi family will remain away for several weeks. San Francisco, Aug. 21. The wrest ling match between Jim Corbett and Joe Choynskl, which was to have taken place at the Olympic Club this after noon, has been declared off. Last night the directors of the club concluded that before any such match should take place their permission should be asked. County Judge J. C. Moreland will leave the city this morning to examine the county roads in the vicinity or Rooster Kock, and, will be absent until Monday morning. George R. Bruce was brought down from Ashland yesterday, charged with committing timber depredations on Government land. He will have an ex amination before United States Com missioner Paul R. Deady this morning. A. A. Washburn, who for the past five yeara hma been assoclatetd with Tatum & Bowen. In the capacity of Commercial traveler, died Wednesday night at his late residence, 105 Fifth street, after a week's Illness. The body was sent to San Francisco for Inter ment by the steamer Oregon, which sailed last evening. H. W. Corbett's brick block at Fifth and Oak streets is nearly completed, and merchandise is being moved in. The sixth story of the Perkins house is well under way, and work will soon be begun on the roof. The first story of W. S. Ladd's six-story block at Second and Stark is up, and the heavy steel girders are placed across the mas sive stone columns. The Wlldwood block on First street is going up rap idly, and will be a handsome building. The secend story of the Marquara block is completed, and looks first-rate. Work on The Oregonian building is awaiting the arrival of stone. The excavation for the Library building is about com pleted. The foundation for the Hiber nian Society's hall is well along. Work will soon be begun on the excavation for the City Hall and the Chamber of Commerce. Half a Century Ago From The Oregonian of August 23, 1S65. New York. Aug. 1. The Post has a report of the proceedings of a pri vate meeting of friends of Jefferson Davis, held in this city yesterday, to devise means for a fair defense of him. It was held at the rooms of C. But terfield, who was present at the sug gestion of Peter Cogger. A committee was appointed to raise funds for this York. Aug. 4. Orders have been sent to General Sheridan author izing him to cause to be mustered out of service all of the volunteers serv ing in the Department of Texas that he thinks he can spare. New York, Aug. 14. A Valentia tele gram of July 19 states that the Great Kits tern and Caroline have arrived. The former goes to Bantey, whilst the latter is laying the shore end of the cable. A number of teams from the Atlan tic side this season have already made their appearance In the valley. Others will be very likely to follow, as the experiences of last Winter will show the newcomer that regions east of the mountains are not desirable places to Winter, after a tedious trip across the mountains. The friends of Mrs. H. W. Corbett will be pained to learn of her death. which occurred July 27 In New York City, as we are informed through a private telegram received In this city yesterday. Mr. and Mrs. Corbett sailed for New York but a few weeks since, at which time the health of Mrs. Cor bett was very feeble, and grave doubts were felt as to her recovery. The es timable qualities of the lady of her kind and liberal disposition had en deared her to the community In which she lived and her death will be mourned by many. s VALUE OF KINDERGARTEV TESTED Capacity for Taking; Right Attltmae of Life One ef Evident Results. The value of the kindergarten as tested by Its results is discussed by Miss A. M. Winchester in an annual review of kindergarten work Just Is sued by the Commissioner of Educa tlon. 'For several years investigations have been undertaken in different cit ies," says the review, "for the purpose of ascertaining the advantage gained by children with kindergarten training over nonklndergarten children. The emphasis In these investigations has been placed usually upon the rate of speed with which the children make the successive grades. The fallacy of drawing conclusions from such surveys," says Miss Win chester, "Is manifest at once. It is well-nigh impossible to gauge, the speed correctly, because In the first grade both kindergarten and nonkln dergarten children are placed together, and by the rule of uniformity which seems necessary in school systems, the teacher unconsciously standardizes the progress of her class. The laggards are brought up by dint of conscientious work, and the forward ones are held in leash, so that by the time the fifth or sixth grade is reacned wnatever special impetus may have resulted from the child's kindergarten training has ceased to be measurable. "In any event the permanent value of the kindergarten has little if any connection with the number" of years required to go through the grades. The kindergarten's concern is with the content of the years rather than with their number: with the fullness of the ife of the child rather than with the mere economy 01 time. rover to think and do, a tendency to assume right attitudes toward life, and abil ity to work and play happily with one's fellows these are the results of traln- ng based upon the belief in education by development." An investigation about to Be under taken by the International Kindergar ten Union In this field. Miss Winches ter points out, will involve making a study In several different cities of one set of children who entered kindergar ten five years ago and another set n the same school who did not attend kindergarten. The records of these children will he examined with refer ence to their proficiency in school studies. The quality and spirit or the teachers of these children as well as the quality and spirit of the homes from which the children come will be taken Into consideration. Central Oregon Roads. PRINEVTLLE. Or., Aug. 20. (To the Editor.) The Oregonian August 15 carried a report as to conditions of roads in Central Oregon made by W. W. Metzger, and I want to say that the report is absolutely untrue. It might be possible there were some bad places In the Antelope uanyon, dui an other sections are and have been In rood shape. Our Representative, Mr. Nick Sinnott. was here yesterday, and. after reading this article, said we could quote him as saying the roads were in good shape, as he had made from 20 to 25 miles per hour over the very portion reported bjr Mr. Metzger a being so bad. IS LEAGUE'S NAME MISJTOMERt "America" Think Body Is Really Ger aaa Relief Association. PORTLAND, Aug. 22. (To the Edi tor.) I notice in The Oregonian that the so-called "American Neutrality League," through Its Oregon branch, has a petition in circulation to stop shipments of arms to Europe. Why should they hide behind an in nocent name like the one they have adopted in order to get signatures? Why not call It the German Relief As sociation of America, which is really what it is? Why don't they send a petition to the Kaiser to stop the manufacture of arms and munitions of war? Because they know they would not even get a hear ing. The stand which our worthy President and his Cabinet have taken on this subject should show them the uselessness of such an action as this. If the truth were known, Germany is without a doubt receiving all the sup plies of war which she needs from this country at present, and has been ever since the war started. If this were not the case, how does one account for the shipments of copper, rubber and other materials which Germany Is In need of to neutral countries like Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Holland and Greece? The Imports of these commodities Into the above named countries are many times the amount which they have used in the past. Can anyone doubt that these shipments are paid for with the Kaiser's gold? Let the American Neutrality League come out into the open and state the real reason of their existence. Let them play fair with us and at least have the courage to speak their convictions openly. Has Germany, wnen at peace, ever refused an oppor tunity to peddle her munitions of war to belligerents? Has the United States ever refused to sell munitions of war to either Germany or Austria? Can they deny that the representatives of the Imperial German government in this country paid a witness In New York to commit perjury regarding the question of whether the Lusitania had guns mounted on her decks during her last trip? I would like to have them answer a few of these questions through your paper, as it would doubt less make very interesting reading to the public at large. AX AMERICAN. AUDITORIUM NEED BROUGHT UP Lanrelharst Concert Prompts Citizen, to Discuss Timely Issue. PORTLAND, Aug. 22. (To the Edi tor.) Looking over the gathered peo ple at the Laurelhurst concert, the question at once suggested Itself, Are any of the people who are boosting for the auditorium here? Acres of people and automobiles were there. An audi torium on a single block, with carllnes on two sides, and narrow streets, would be, as Colonel Joseph Meek once re marked, "Barely enough for the officers, sah, barely enough for the officers." I have heard of coming conventions, the money they might spend and the enhancement of values, but nothing in the interest of bond payers. Why not forget the mercenary interests, and consider this one as a public invest ment that should do the whole city the greatest service? The people of Portland who would often congregate at a safe and central place could not get In sight of Market block, to say nothing about vehicles. This smacks too much of a mooted law that the people who buy a home, and at great expense pave the street and sidewalk, that they cannot use the surplus ground between a few days to dry the Winter wood. Why not pay the claims of whatever name or nature, and use the residue, with the price of the Market block, if necessary, and build a real public audi torium. In a public park, centrally lo cated, and large enough to accommo date Portland's people? A CITIZEN. WOULD HAKE STATEHOOD PRICE State Which Allow Lynching Should Be Reduced, Thinks One. ELLENSBURG, Wash., Aug. 21. (To the Editor.) I wish to express myself in regards to the fiendish atrocity committed by Georgia citizerfs on the person of Leo M. Frank. It was a blow between the eyes, more so than the sinking of the Lusitania, and I am pro-ally at that. Our phrase In the note to Germany is mockery, in saying that we stand on the broader platform of humanity, if we let this outrage go unpunished. No such deliberate piece of Satanism could have been perfected without the connivance of officials. Let them all be held accountable from the Governor down. Not long ago a court decided that labor organizations were liable for depredations committed by their mem bers. The widow ,of Leo M. Frank should bring suit for heavy damages against the state for depriving her husband of life without due process of law, which the Constitution of the United States expressly forbids: And then let the Constitution be amended, so that any state which does not amply protect its prison inmates be deprived of statehood and reduced to the rank of. territory, as incapable of self-government. If the revolting and horrifying end ing of this tragedy can cfestroy the lynching mania, Leo M. Frank will not have died in vain. NELS LUNSTRUM. FILM IS HELD OF MUCH VALUE "The Birth of a Nation" Instructive and True, Says One Who Witnessed It. PORTLAND. Aug. 21. (To the Ed itor) I notice in The Oregonian Au eust 21 that preachers, veterans and colored citizens are opposing a film ex hibit designated "The tsirtn 01 a -Na tion." I was born, In Pennsylvania, in descent from an ancestry having a his tory dating back over 200 years in this country. I had relatives in every war that ever took place on American soil, and am now living in the State of Marvland and have made a careful ob servation of the colored race, and wit nessed an exhibition ot tne aDove mov ing picture show. I must say this, that In two hours and a half before me moved dramatically a century of real American history North and South. As we sat together in that packed the ater of Los Angeles we were held spell bound by the vividness and trueness of the portrayal of those conditions that finally led up to a full realization of that one fundamental principle the motto on our National escutcheon. "E Pluribus Unum. In tnis two hours and a half show the coming boy and girl will learn more real and true his tory than in monins or reaaing. Adamstown, Md. , SWISS MCSilTIOJfS ARE WITHHELD Consul In Portland Saya Conntry De nies Belligerents War Sinew a. PORTLAND. Aug. 20. (To the Editor.) To the news Item on the front page of The Oregonian August zu aoout Switzerland "Making Munitions for Britain and Germany," I will only state that already as far back as August 5 and September 18, 1914, at the begin- nlnsr of the outbreak or tnis worlds war, Switzerland -had forbidden the ex portation of any kind, of ammunition and any kind of war material, and at later dates since then has included al most any kind of articles that would help to prolong the war. I am sure that any of the nationa at war and surrounding Switzerland have no complaints to make about Switzer land's neutrality. ALBRECHT STREIFF, C-onaul of Switzerland, European War Primer By National Geographical Socley. DUENABURG (or Dvinsk) Is the prin cipal gate guarding the road from the southwest to Petrograd and the key to the defense of the great Dvina River, through which the Germans are apparently aiming at interior Russia and all the line of military and Indus trial bases in the west Duenaburg, on the northeastern bank of the broad Dvlna, is the heavily forti fied front door to Great Russia, that di vision of Russia which stands in the same relationship to the empire that Prussia holds to Germany. It is situ ated where the Dvina makes a sharp angle toward the west, midway on the river's course from Vitebsk through marsh and lake land to the opulent commercial and industrial city of Riga upon the Gulf of Riga. The line be tween Riga and Duenaburg is 110 miles Ions. By way of the river It is con siderably longer. The line from Duena burg, east-southeast, to Vitebsk is 162 miles. This line rouphly divides Great Russia from White Russia, White Russia, to the south of the Duenaburg line. Is probably the poor est, most backward part of European Russia. While some 6,000.000 acres of swamp lands have been drained within its water-soggy surface, its general as pect is still largely that of marsh, swamp, lake and spongy meadow and forest land. In general, the peasants of White Russia are nery poor, and have a severe struggle to wage for their existence. One writer Bays that the memory which he held most charac teristic of this land was the picture of a weather-scarred, gray-headed peas ant standing waist deep in the chill waters of the marsh cutting sedge. This poirerty-blighted country, where no great commercial, industrial or cul tural center is to be found, is that which now lies before the German armies. Beyond the Great Russian front door at Duenaburg lies the richer industrial and agricultural country of the central empire, while west from Lemberg and Kholm lie the rich agri cultural lands of Little Russia, or the Ukraine, and the great city of Kief. Duenaburg is a fortress of the first class. It is also a fortress with tra ditions; for here in July, 1812, Napole on's headlong troops, under the com mand of Oudinot, hurled themselves again and again in vain against the strongly defended bridgehead. It was not until some weeks later that the town was captured by the French under Macdonald. The city was originally founded as a fortress, in 1278, by the Livonian Knights of the Sword. It was mortgaged by one of the grand masters of the order to the King of Poland: was overwhelmed by the legions of Ivan the Terrible of Russia; retaken by Po land in 1582; held alternately by the Swedes and Russians during the 17th century, and finally incorporated in the Muscovite realm in 1772. The city is situated at the Intersec tion of two main railway lines and a very Important branch. These are the Warsaw-Vllna-Petrograd line, the Riga-Vitebsk-Smolensk lrne, and the branch to the fortified Baltic port of Llbau, the only port that Russia possessed before the war whose roadstead was always open. The main features of the city are its fortifications. It has a popula tion of about 75,000, about one-half of which is Jewish. Its industries include sawmills, flour mills, brick kilns, match factories, distilleries, tobacco factories and tanneries. It enjoyed a moderate degree of importance before the war as a commercial center, doing consider able trade in grains, flax, hemp, tallow and timber. The city of Siedlce was recently cap tured by the German army marching east from Warsaw against Brest- Lltovsk. Siedlce, while of little or no indus trial or commercial importance, is an Important railway junction, which binds the trunkline railways, Warsaw Petrograd and Warsaw-Moscow, by a north-and-south line, beginning at the fortress Ostrolenka and ending at Lub lin. One of the lines from Siedlce runs south to Lukow and then turns east through Meshirjetsche and Blala to Brest-Litovsk. On the railway front, Siedlce-Lukow, the German army which captured Warsaw was united to that before which Ivangorod fell. Lukow was taken by the Ivangorod troops abqut the same time that the city to the north was won. Siedlce lies about 56 miles east- southeast of Warsaw. Lukow is 20 miles southwest of Siedlce. while Brest- Lltovsk is 55 miles from Lukow and 60 miles from the northern city. Siedlce is about 31 miles south of the Warsaw Petrograd Railroad, and from its junc tion a main line branches northeast to the important city of Minsk, while an other branch runs east, past Brest-Lit ovsk to tromel, a manufacturing town and an entrepot for agricultural prod ucts. There is little more than the railway Junction and the seat of the govern ment administration at Siedlce. It plays a small part in assembling the agricul tural products of the district, and Ogln skis have embellished the little town with a beautiful palace and well planned gardens. The population is about 24.000, of which the Jewish ele ment is more than two-thirds. E. P. Roe's Works. ALSEA. Or., Aug. 21. (To the Ed itor.) Will you please publish a com plete list of the novels or works of E. P. Roe? G. T. VERNON. The listed works of Edward Payson Roe are "Barriers Burned Away," "Nature's Serial Story," "Play and Profit in My Garden," "What Can She Do?" "Openinga Chestnut Bur." "From Jest to Earnest," "Near to Nature's Heart," "A Knight of the Nineteenth Century," "A Face Illumined," "A Day of Fate." "Success With Small Fruits," "Without a Home." "His Somber Riv als," "A Young Girl's Wooing," "An Original Belle." "Ho- Fell in Love With His Wife," "The Earth Trembled," "A ' Hornet's Nest," "Found, Yet Lost," "Driven Back to Eden" and "Miss Lou." Besides these he wrote a number of articles which appeared in the New York Evangelist. Crater Lake. ASTORIA, Or., Aug. 21. (To the Ed- . Itor.) What is the difference in eleva tion between the lake and the top of the crater at Crater Lake, Or.; or how many feet from Crater Lake Lodge to the edge of the lake? N. W. GROVER. Approximately 1000 feet. ' The Trend Toward Service There Is no change coming in merchandising conditions. The tendency of the buyer is to demand better and surer serv ice. People are not so much inter ested in the bigness of a store as to how well it does things. Cut prices are not so much an attraction as fair prices and good goods. One of the modern methods of the live store Is to supply the de mand for standard goods when newspaper advertised. Live merchants watch the newspaper advertising and when the goods are described in the newspapers they show them in their windows and en their counters. .