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About Morning Oregonian. (Portland, Or.) 1861-1937 | View Entire Issue (Aug. 7, 1915)
TIIE MORXIXG OREGOTTCAN. SATURDAY, AUGUST 7, 1915. 0 rOKTLAND. QUfiOX. Emm4 ef Portland. Orsw foetosaee .Mctua Baiae Invariably la matmu. (Br Mall.) tailr. SaSs- tld4. o r .... .- L'.iiy. tfttaf lMiiMlo. Mnina . -. liu ; , j . suar include, inn aUa - I ::. )) lacitxiad. om aioota ..... Nui.intwt Mi. a)w ........ J." vltneai tuir. us muatbs ...... S-fJ Wl ), sltlaal MjB4f. Itor months - lir. ItBOVI BUBUI, Ml OiHB ...... kl),W) .......... IB Csrrtar.i Tal!r. Sunda Isriaaed, 7er ....,.. bolijr, Suadsf. Include, oaa month ..... Hmm la aUsnU MKd PoatoBIca money -f 4or. .aroa urusr or paraoaaA caeca oa year lv-al baaA. atampa. roia or curra-j mrm XBdsra ma. uia pootoaico saox la fait, lucludm rooacv ana atato. Paotara Holm IT to 1 Mini 1 cool: 1 a 1-1 r. J j mbIi: 1 Id 41 lilfW S fU u a paaaa 4 coaia; i to aacoa. cinti; a ia V3 pasaa. ceaia. roraiaa B-uotsse, omiM rataa, II nfkM V ra On' fin. HiwiiKli outi4ioav ar Turk; ora at Cook. la. aloaar tiuullna. Chicago: aaa "raoctaco raprtaaaiauia, M. J. BulocU, - ataraac atrost. rOKTLAMD. BATVRDAY. AlGl'sT 1. Mil. DCTKXSE Or PAJCAlfA CAXAiV. The popular belief that the Panama Canal has doubled tha effectiveness of ths United states Navy receive serious blow from a high naval expert In Bennett's "History of the Panama Canal." Admiral rewey had agreed to write a chapter on tha naval value of the canal, but ha tent Instead an article by Captain Harry S. Knapp. L. S. X.. with the remark that It fully expreaaed his views. Captain Knapp pronounce "a dan gerous fallacy" the popular notion that the canal doubles the effective ness of the Nary, saying It will not -Jo anything approaching that." Ue ays w should have as soon as pos sible, a, tout strength not less than that of the standard Atlantic fleet plus three-quarters that of the standard Pacific fleet." This means a fleet In the Atlantic, equal to that of Ger many, plus one threerfourths as strong as that of Japan. In other words, our Atlantic fleet alone should equal Ger many's, though our entire Navy Is In ferior to that of Germany. Even If w had a Navy sufficient to cope with Uermany alone, "are should be helpless to defend ourselves In the - Pacific against Japan If the two nations ahould stuck us simultaneously. - We should lose the Philippines, Guam and Hawaii and the' enemy would be free to attack our Pacific porta. Major-General Wood, In his contri bution to Mr. Bennett's book, says steps have been taken "to provide a garrison adequate to hold It (the canal) against any force, excepting such force as might be landed as a result of our losing sea power that Is to say, the garrison will be sufficient merely to hold the canal against raiding forces from fleet. If we should lose sea con trol ao as to permit the free transport ef troops by the enemy, then the force required to hold the canal aecurely would be a very large one." In other words, if we provide a Navy adequate to keep an Invading army off the Isth mus, we can defend it with a relative ly small land force, such as we now have there. If we remain "weak at ses. we must maintain on the Isthmus an army sufficient to defend It from invasion. Our duty to defend the canal is Im pressed on us by Captain Philip An drews, V. S. in Mother contribu tion to the same book, from the stand point of both National policy and treaty obligation. He says: Just a soon a our naval strength fall below that of any European nation that sis land for Nor surniuo population, we Invite, and mar sat. a defiance of till Mon ro Doctrine. Indeed, tha opanlns of tba canal tu-lf. by gradually Increasing eora anerre and opportunity In Oontral and South America, will Invite rach aggression. We bar guaranteed tha aautrauty ef tha Panama canal; w most maintain tt by f orra if noad ba asalnst any and alL We bar bond onrala to do that. What this may mean no an yet know; th nd for foro an this ace r would probably arise at th earn time aa other atrtlcultiea. The description of the defenses al ready provided shows that we shall have done what is necessary to make the canal Impregnable If we bring our Navy up to the required strength in dicated by Captain Knapp. The big guns could prevent any ship from ap proaching within eleven miles, the smaller guna could prevent any which happened to slip within that radius from entering the canal, the entrances are to be mined and searchlights guard against surprise. There Is a sufficient garrison provided the Navy keeps the sea. and quarters have been built for 20,000 extra troops in case f war. The defense of the canal Is therefore one of the most important points to be considered In connection with the naval programme when Congress meets. It requires that we free our minds of Illusions and that we meas ure our needs by the strength of our possible adversaries, not by the amount which Congress Is willing to spend after taking care of all the members' pet projects. THE TOMATO. While one msy exclaim with reason ever the rapid development of the au tomobile, the telephone, the phono graph and other inventions of the last century which have altered old ways of living and created new ways, there Is a less spectacular Industry tha rise of which has been quite as marvelous. Its product has crept Into everyday - lire to such an extent that If suddenly deprived of It the world would find Its dinner fiat and lacking. This "industry ia built up around the lowly tomato, that vegetable-fruit which is now in the markets in its succulent prime. The tomato is) not a 'century old as an article of food In the t'nited States, yet In some form or other It enters into at least one dally meal of the multitude. Prior to about 1S3S the tomato was commonly known In America as the "love apple." was grown only as a gar. den ornament and was considered poi sonous. In 1914 American factories which keep accurate statistics put up 4S0.000.000 cans of tomatoes, or enough to provide every man, woman and child In the country with two and one half pounds of food. Probably as many more tomatoes were eaten raw or preserved In the homes. A writer In the Pan-American Union names Peru as the origin of the to mato, though the name ia believed to be Aztec. It was Introduced in Spain and Italy long before Its food value became known in America, and there it was used In soups and salads dur ing the seventeenth century- . The tomato la but one of several Im portant world products given to man kind by the discovery of the Western world. Among the foods are Indian corn, sweet and Irish potatoes and chocolate, and among the medicines quinine and cocaine. In neither clas sification, bat no less Important from the commercial standpoint, is to bacco, also of American origin. But In ministering to health, sustenance or pleasure, none of them has been so Ions delayed or leaped ao suddenly Into favor aa the tomato. HOW OT TO DO IT. Tho Mad ford Sun. which has striven valiantly to be a Progressive newspa per In a community which ia only Progressively so-so, in a party sense. Is not sure whether (.here Is to be a feast or famine for Armageddon's brave band. 'Talk about the Progres sive party now." says our Jledford contemporary, "is mere political sham, and the word of one guesser is as good as another. A vast majority of the Progressives of this state, and un doubtedly throughout the country, want to go over to the Republican party. If they can, so If there Is a Progressive party, the leaders of the O. O. P. will have only themselves to blame." , In the parlance of the true-blue Progressive, there w-111 be nothing do ing towards reunion If the Repub lican party Is delivered over to Its re actionary Idols. The real situation could not be more truthfully stated. What the Progres sives will do will be determined by what the Republicans do. Mr. Roose velt still holds out. but the mild com pliments he paid recently to the scat tering Progressives who were going back to their old allegiance were In dlcattve of a receptive and complaisant frame of mind. It la not easy to say how the odious Penrose and the wicked Cannon are to be driven out of the Republican party. But the Progressives have been sig nally successful in showing that one way not to do it Is to abandon the party and leave them In possession. EW8PAPE ABT. A correspondent who subscribes herself as a "Constant Reader of The Oregontan" naturally qualifies as a dis criminating and competent observer of men and things. But a letter which she offers to the readers of The Ore- gonlsn today contains so sweeping an Indictment of modern writings and modern newspaper art that we feel It a duty to challenge one or two of her Judgments. "Where." she asks, "are the artists? Gone and forgotten and in their places blacksmiths, ship carpenters and butchers. Neither wit, humor, satire nor feeling are present In any of the work. . . . Where are the Nasts, Davenports. Tenniels? ... The one thing seems to be the Idea, and nothing more." The one thing needed to make a perfect cartoon always was the Idea. Everything else was Incidental and unimportant. If our gentle critic fancies aa she does that art Is the supreme consideration in the produc tion of cartoons, or caricatures, she has iwofully misunderstood the meth ods and work of such men as Nast. Tenniel and Davenport. The idea'a the thing always the Idea. The car toonist's sole effort was and Is to bring it out powerfully and understanding. The Oregonlan has no hesitation whatever in saying that current news paper art (excepting the comics) Is better than at any time. It Is better for two reasons tha average work of the artist Is superior, and the mechanics of reproduction are vastly improved. We could name a half dozen, or more, contemporary contributors to pictorial Journalism who. we think, are finer artists than any of the great names given by Constant Reader, but none are greater cartoonists, or so great. We venture to say that there are thousands of artists In the world today who do better work than the famous Crulkshank, or the equally celebrated Leech of earlier days. That Is an unorthodox opinion, to be sure, but it will hardly be disputed by any candid person who Is not prejudiced against present-day newspaper and magazine Illustration. -ONLY WARSAW'S SHELL RE-MAINS. The Russians have proved them selves almost as skilled In retreat as the Germans have proved In attack. Their greatest victories were the se quel of retreats, the one which stands out most prominently In history being thst before Napoleon to Moscow. Preparation for retreat Is made as methodically as for an offensive move, ment and begins long before the ac tual, complete withdrawal of armies. Everything of possible military value which can be carried away Is re moved and that which cannot be re moved Is destroyed. The purpose of the retreating army is to leave an empty husk to the advancing enemy. The aggressors are cheated of their plunder unless they can overtake and capture or destroy the receding; army. The order for evacuation of Warsaw was given as early as July 15'and was effective on July 18, according to Baa sett Dlgby. correspondent of the Chi cago Dally News, who by going from Warsaw to Stockholm was able to send an uncensored report of what was be ing done. About 350.000 of the city's population fled to Moscow and other Interior cities, but their places were taken by an equal number of peasants fleeing into the city before the advanc ing Teutons. Homes were broken up, business . waa abandoned, factories were dismantled, and millionaires be came paupers in a day. The allied consuls;' the courts and their S1S.000.000 of funds were moved first. The police visited every house and told the porter to Induce the In habitants to leave at once. Free transportation on the railroad was given, with grants of money when needed. Thousands of cars, mostly freight cars, were assembled for a week beforehand and on July 1C, 17 and IS trains closely packed with ref ugees poured eastward. At the same time the work of dis mantling the city began. All prop erty likely to be useful to the enemy was removed or destroyed. Factories were stripped and their plants carried away when possible. Concrete founda. lions were dynamited, and machinery which waa too cumbersome to disman tle and transport was blown up. but every fragment of metal was taken to the Interior. With the announce ment of evacuation newspapers ceased publication, took their linotype ma chines and presses to pieces and shipped them away with their type. All storks of copper In factories and plumbing shops, all copper utensils, all copper articles of every kind were removed, hardly a ton remaining. The stocks of hardware and hospi tal supplies went also. The postoffice. banks, telegraph offices, courts and municipal offices were stripped, and all their equipment and archives were sent to Russia. Soldiers stripped all copper telegraph wires from poles. Bronze church bells were unslung and with the church archives, vestments, gem-studded vessels, treasures and Icons were carried off. The telephone exchange was dismantled and the dy namos of the electric power plants with all their attachments were hauled away. The three Vistula bridges, one of which Is more than a mile long and cost 16,000,000, were lined with sand bags and connected by wires with mines which were to be exploded at the Isst moment before the Germans entered. Every wheeled vehicle and nearly all the horses were taken across the Vistula. Even the fire engines and the pumps of the waterworks were shipped away. Two thousand hack ney carriages were driven nearly 1000 miles to Moscow. Warsaw was cut off from the world, having no postal service and only two or three military telegraph and telephone wires to con nect It with Russia. No civilian was allowed to approach nearer than Brest-Lltovsk. - The same measures were taken to render the surrounding towns and country a barren conquest to the Ger mans. By July 29 hardly 200.000 per sons remained in the towns between Warsaw and Brcst-ldtovsk. Such crops as the troops could harvest were saved; all others were destroyed. Vil lages were razed and the suburbs of the city were surrounded by trenches. As a last step before leaving Warsaw the nollce trained a large body of civilian Poles In police duty and placed sunnlv of rifles and revolvers in each station-house for their use. If the Russians hold an Intrenched line east of Warsaw, the Germans will be able to reach them only by cross ing a desert which tvas a yesr ago one of the most productive and most in tensively cultivated countries on earth. If the Russians should be compelled to retreat farther eastward they Ynay be expected to extend this desert In their rear, adding with every mile to their enemy's difficulty of transport Ing troops and supplies. While they do so, they will be training and arm ing new legions In the far interior and on the remote borders. FEEDING SEVEN! MILLIONS. The world's wonderment has been aroused by the foresight and detailed efficiency and Ingenuity of the Ger man military machine, but a history' of the present war, when written, will not be complete unless a chapter Is also devoted to the marvelous efficiency and Ingenuity of the commission for the relief or Belgium. The response in America to the call for help for Belgium has been quick, whole-hearted and generous. The people may have noted the fact that the commis sion has chartered seventy vessels to sail from fourteen American ports, but the process of distributing the cargoes among seven million people, the diffi culties surmounted, even the full de tails of the acquirement of the food have been subordinated to the more stirring events of war s activities. These details are now supplied by Mabel Hyde Klttredge' In fhe New Republic. . Unlike the German military ma chine, the Belgian Commission planned Its work as it went along. It was called to Its task on practically a day's notice. There was no guidance In his tory for the conduct of the undertak Ing. It waa necessary to establish It In a country surrounded by the armies of five nations; in a country with no telephone or telegraphic communlca Uon and practically no postoffice sys tem; no high roads or railwaya that could be used for commercial pur poses; no banking facilities. Metal money had disappeared, paper cur rency was valueless and . all Industry had ceased. Yet today the Belgian Commission Is conducting a systematic banking business with the outside world; it has revived certain industries; it' has re stored Belgian currency to full value; Its representatives are given Instant audience in the courts of Europe; it has established a distributive system that reaches nearly every part of Bel- glum. But still more marvelous,' it has created a fund for purchase of relief supplies of which at least one-half comes from the Belgians tnemseives. A shipload of wheat consigned to the commission enters the country through Holland. The Dutch govern ment furnishes the facilities for un loading at Rotterdam. Canal routes. of which many had been destroyed or blocked and which had To be explored by the commission, are now used for distribution. The wheat goes to izv principal warehouses, from whence it is shipped to 32,000 communal cen ters after an allotment has been made In proportion to population. Large mills In each province do noth ing but grind the commission's wheat. Every bushel is checked Into the mill and the flour is checked out. The miller is allowed to retain the bran. which must not exceed 7 per cent of the ground product. He is also paid 25 cents for each 225 pounds of wheat From the mills the flour is sold to the bakers, but each baker must pro duce a fixed equivalent for tho flour and may bake only the amount Indi cated by the communal officer of his district as sufficient to supply current needs. The well-to-do pay for their bread. the Intermediate class Is charged only- the cost price, and the destitute re ceive it free. A day's ration is eight ounces of bread, one and one-halt pints of soup and'a small amount of coffee. There is also a special aistri butlon of milk, cocoa or a specially nourishing soup for children under 3 years of age. The soups are prepared In accord ance with a formula devised by skilled dietitians and the making Is In charge of chefs from the principal hotels. The women who prepare the vege tables have even been trained In the best and most economical w:ay to peel potatoes. The commission restored the value of paper money by accepting it in pay ment for food. It also arranged with the belligerent countries to let the commission collect foreign debts to Belgium In gold and pay their credit ors in paper. Many well-to-do Bel gians were Induced to pledge their credit for gold, which Is handed over to the commission In return for pa per. Belgian concerns with resources sbroad but none at home hand over to the commission funds they possess in New Tork and London and receive paper In exchange. By these methods a systematic banking business across enemy lines has been established which Is now the foundation of the re lief work. Numerous communes now, as a re sult of this system, buy their food from the commission with paper money, which through the commis sion's own exchange process is con verted Into coin available for the pur chase of supplies abroad. By turning over Its capital it has been enabled, with a fund of $20,000,000, to Import food worth at least 3S5.000.000. The restoration of currency has enabled the communes to maintain their mu nicipal governments and maintain their schools and municipal works. By reviving the lace-making indus try the commlaston has found work for 20.000 women. Their product is sent to London and America to be sold j for their sole benefit. Old Belgian families have sacrificed rare laces which have been shipped to America for disposal. Their value may be guessed from the duty, which was 360,000. ThO entire returns from the disposal of these laces must be used tu employ labor In Belgium. Among the employments established by the com mission Is the making of clothing. Cloth is distributed in the same way that soup is sent out, and each worker is limited as to a week's earnings in order to give, employment to as many as . possible. The clothes thus made are sold or given away in Belgium. It is a matter of pride that the task of restoring a nation to a partial self sustaining basis under unheard-of cir cumstances and in the face of tremen dous difficulties has been accomplished largely by Americans. Miss Klttredge gives credit also to the Spanish com mission ''and the Spanish Minister, who, aside from the American, la the only foreign diplomat In Brussels. A Belgian organization -of the country's leading citizens is the third partner in the arrangement, and there are' a hundred thousand volunteer workers. Mere mention of numbers aided does not give a full realization of the mag nitude of the commissary work under, taken. ' Conception of seven million hungry persons is impossible for the ordinary mind. But an Inkling of the vastness of the work may be gained frem one of Miss Klttredge's Illustra tions. She estimates that if all the persons In Belgium who stand in' line dally at the many food-distributing stations stood in one single file, the line would be 600 miles long. To lo calize the illustration, such a line would reach from Portland to San Francisco. Certainly war is fundamentally wicked, as Dr. Jordan says, but Is that any reason why we should submit to a nation which sends its strongest men to slaughter us? If that rule were followed by all peace-loving nations, they would all be ruled by the war like nations and the war business would be greatly stimulated. Dr. Jor dan Is preaching to the wrong congre gallon. He should denounce war to those nations which uphold . it as I means of aggression, not to this Na tlon. which resorts to It only as i means of defense against such na tions. Down in Oklahoma, yesterday a number of masked men took a negro from a Sheriff and hanged him. To be sure, the victim was guilty and would have gone to the penitentiary in time, for the negro never escapes in the lawful programme. In extenua tion it will probably be said that im prisonment does not' check crime acainst white women. But neither does lynching. German efficiency appears once more in the promptness with which the government ended the strike at the Krupo works. It contrasts with the' British inefficiency which permit ted strikes at shipyards, munition works, docks and coal mines. Autoc racy is not a lovely thing, but it gets results In war. Maimed British soldiers are to make toys that In former years were made in Germany. As Christmas Is less than five months off in this country- at being understood no other nation can afford to celebrate this year they must hurry the work. What is the use of unloading in this country all these reports of atrocities incident to the war? Now Russia is sending a voluminous one to Wilson. The President can get all the atrocity stuff he wants, and more, too, from Mexico. . Annexation of St. Johns and Linnton brought into the city school district about $90,000 of school debt: but if those districts could figure a way to pay It before annexation, .the whole district can do so without a tremor. The Pennsylvania ' physician who was arrested here a few days ago for marital misconduct did not endeavor to hide under another name, as is cus' tomary in these triangles, and that much Is to his credit. . The man who married the richest girl in the country is prohibited by a trust deed of her father from han dling the millions: nevertheless, he ought to be able to work her lor all the cash he needs. It is all very well that the eugenic woman be taller than the present-day woman, provided the eugenic man is also so much taller that he does not need to climb on a stepladder to kiss her. It is easy to foresee peace. All Ger many need do is to chase the Russian troops into Siberia, the British into England, the Italians to the vineyards and tell the French to scatter. Great Britain is following a course that was more or less popular In this country more than a half century ago in taking In gold and paying out cur rency. With Mr. Hay. the pacifist, at the head of the House military committee, tho President's defense programme will have difficulty In getting by. American marines bring about an unaccustomed calm in Hayti. Sin liar measures might have brought like results in Mexico two years ago. S. Benson is to be honored at San Francisco not only as Oregon's first citizen, but as one of the Nation ; good roads champions. Americans who contemplate settling In Australia should consider that Fourth of July comes in the middle of Winter down there. Russia's report on her enemies" atrocities having .been issued, we can now Judge which of the belligerents excels in barbarism. How, many more times are the fac tional leaders who are destroying Mexico to be given another chance? While grateful to India for prayers. John Bull, is more grateful for sub scriptions to the-war loan. Salt is becoming cheaper and the use of salt Is healthy. Too many are too "fresh" now. While French deputies make speeches German armies capture cit ies. The Oregon naval militiaman now feel like sure enough Jackles. European War Primer By Katlomai Geographical Society. Kholm, or Chelm, as the Poles spell it has been one of the most Interesting of Polish towns under Russian admin istration, for from this quiet corner of subject Poland the ' government pro gramme for the russiflcation of the Poles has been directed. Just over the Russian border, surrounded by endless acres of forest and agricultural land, the whole region in which it lies possessed of but indifferent means for communication, and, so, screened from the feverish, suspicious politics of War saw and other Polish centers. Kholm, in peace times, was a strategic point of rare advantages for the propagation of Russian influences. , x 'mm The Russian ideals, the . Russian tongue,' Russian methods and the Rus sian religion entered Poland by way of Kholm, and from here painstaking ef forts were mae to spread them among' all the peasantry.. The Russian point of view has sought to penetrate by way. of the Kholm-Lublin-Ivangorod railway line, and from here, too, it has made its way south, even beyond the Ga liclan borders to the great Polish city of Lemberg. Thus, Kholm. which the Russian soldiers defended so splendid ly, was a Russian stronghold in more senses than one. It was the sentimental and intellectual heart of the Russian programme in Poland. Kholm is the seat of a Russian bishop. -The national Greek Church. though It claims but few followers over . the Polish boundary, is here strongly Intrenched. The city sup ports a number of Greek churches, and an ecclesiastical seminary- long found ed here offers to the Poles and to Kus sian missionaries to the Poles ' the learning of the Greek Church. The Russian Church has based mighty ef forts from Kholm for the conversion of the Poles to the "Church of most of the Slavs." Its success, however, is still hanging in the balance. m m m The city is very ancient.. It was founded by Daniel, Prince of Galicz, as business headquarters for rich family estates. It la today a living specimen of archaeology, with the railway run nine through, it as one of the few re minders of the modern age. The shell Are of today, shaking this out-of-date, time-sleepy city, must cause an un canny realization among its citizens ot the strides that the ages have made since Kholm last came into immediate contact with the outside world. The city, most of which was built without a plan, provides a home for 20.000 peo ple, and before the outbreak of the war provided an arsenal, a quiet but powerful source of russiflcation plans and sinews. Lublin, the Important manufacturing town of this part of Russian Poland. lies 45 miles west-northwest of Kholm by , the Kief-Warsaw Railway. Kholm forms the south ' termination of . the strategic railroad that runs behind the last line of Russian "defense in Poland, that northaand-south line of the Bug, reinforced and continued north from the Bug, by the Kholm-Brest-Lttovsk-Bieostok-Osowtec Railway. Its posses sion .therefore, is of great military im portance. The country around Kholm grows an abundance of grains and is also very rich In Its production of other agricultural products. . WHERE ARE OIB GREAT ARTISTS f None Living, but All Belong to the Past. Soya This Critic, PORTLAND, Aug. 6. (To the Ed itor.) In a recent issue of Current Opinion Owen Wister criticises our popular American writers in a way that is to the point. I'm sure that the broad-minded public ls in a measure of the same animus as Mr. Wister. We are fed on foolish trash for mental relaxation In our craze for fic tion; always something startling, some thing so impossible that our tastes in time will be such that we will not rec ognize genius nor talent. We will have been educated to the poorer "outbursts" of our commercial two-bit pen "slingers" to such an ex tent that all of our love and apprecia tion of the better class of literature will be a minus consideration to us. Now. why can't some able writer who is an authority on the cartoon give us a lengthy discourse dealing with present-day newspaper art? It seems that the average paper, and a good many of our foremost ones, are giving us dally "scratchings" that are a disgrace to a second-grade school boy. "Art is badly used, or, to be more .plain, is put to rout. The one thing seems to be the idea, and noth ing more. Where are the artists? Gone and for gotten, and in their places blacksmiths. shipcarpenters and butchers have taken up the pen, and hence we .have a con glomeration of stuff that people go mad over. Neither wit humor, satire nor feel ing are present in any of the work. If Thomas Nast could see how we have fallen' from a once great standard he would feel that there is little hope left for us. Why not give us a standard equal to that of our foreign brothers, and help educate the masses to appreciate one of the greatest talents that man can boast? Where are the Nasts, Da venports. Tenniels and others who have given us priceless treasures pf mind ana pent Truly, art is on the wane. CONSTANT READER. FACTS ABOUT NAVAL BLOCKADES. Germany Planned Starvation Britain Retaliated Again Submarines. GRAYS RIVER, Wash., Aug. 6. (To the Editor.) It is said that the Eng lish were tha first to declare a block ade of German ports in order to starve-) the nation to submit to their terms. I have read your paper dally since the war began, and it is my under standing that Germany first declared her Intention of starving England, and that country retaliated with their long distance blockade, and then not until Germany had taken military possession of all foodstuffs. Our point at Issue is which country first proclaimed the starving blockade. I know you have made it plain many times in editor ials, but we.forget - READER. On December 2, 1914, Admiral von Tirpitz, head of tho German navy de partment, . announced the purpose of Germany to starve England and to strike terror into her civil population. In January the German government seized the entire food supply of the empire and intrusted the distribution among the civil population to Jocal of ficials. On February 5 Germany pro claimed the submarine blockade, to be gin February 18, and on February 13 warned neutral nations to keep their ships out of the war zone. On March 1 the British blockade against Ger many began, its announced purpose being, not to starve Germany, but to destroy German commerce as a re prisal for Germany's Inhuman methods of war. The sequence of events shows, that the German submarine war was not proclaimed in retaliation for the block ade, for it antedated the blockade. The first suggestion of starving out an enemy came from Germany, not from Britain. We have it on the authority of British and neutral writers who have traveled through Germany since war began that Germany, can produce enough food to supply her own peo ple, hence cannot be starved out THEIR EYE IS OX THE PUBLIC CRIB Writer Thinks Prosecutors and Law. ma kern Heed Politics Too Much. PORTLAND, Aug. . (To the Ed itor.) There has been considerable said about Governor Withycombe's par doning one A. Wolfman, and If we are to "believe what some of the writers say, our Governors are only the tools or playthings of our courts and pros ecuting attorneys. This has led me to say a few things about Oregon laws and the uses they are put to. In the first place, it is a character istic of American aa well as of Oregon lawmakers entirely to overlook the need or Justice of laws enacted. Just so they do something; for they figure that the number of bills they get passed is their passport to another election, Just as our prosecuting attorneys rely on the number of convictions as pout' ical timber. So our trusted officials work not for Justice, but for another feed at the public crib. There is a mass of obsolete, tech nical and unjust laws on the Oregon statutes that enable an unscrupulous lawyer, with the help of a bunch of de tectives who work for the reward, to railroad anyone, unless he is well lined with gold, into the penitentiary. These lawyers and courts, forsooth,- consider themselves the whole thing, and it seems they are in many cases the grand Jury, tho trial Jury and the Governor. Is it not a fact in a vast number of cases that the prosecuting attorney's word brings the indictment the Jury's verdict and the Judge's decision. Our prosecuting attorneys become our per secutors instead of our protectors and resort to anything and everything to secure a conviction. Then .because a Just Governor rights as far as possible the wrong there Is a tremendous howl because the Governor did not let a Judge or attorney act in his official capacity. The fact that 10 of the Jury signed a petition for the pardon of Wolfman In Itself is sufficient evidence that there was a miscarriage of Jus tice. Convictions without any reliable evidence are altogether too numerous. Too many innocent men have been ruined and society and their families deprived of a productive element, and the taxpayers have to foot the bill. Why is it that so many tnen have no respect for our attorneys and courts? This condition points to something rad ically wrong, for a man, guilty or in nocent respects a just-Judge and a Just lawyer. Our attorneys, instead of bringing out the truth, befog and mis quote and twist the statutes until a Jury is unable to understand what Is right We must have laws, but they should be Just, and we need only a very few of them. We must have 'Judges, but they should not be politicians, and they should be Independent of the prose cuting attorneys as well as our Gover nors. I am glad that we have a Gov ernor who does not have to ask the prosecuting attorney what he shall do. DR. ERNEST EVEREST. HOME RULE LIVES, SAYS REDMOND Great Irish Nationalist Writes Op tlmlstie Letter to Portland Citizen. PORTLAND, Or., Aug. 6. (To the Editor.) Recently The Oregonlan printed a story under a date line of Dublin, parenthetically credited to a special correspondent, relating in somewhat perfervid diction, that home rule for Ireland was dead. The article appeared in a prominent place and at tracted attention. The matter was referred to the chair man of the advisory board of the United Irish League, of this city, who took the matter up with the Hon. John E. Redmond, leader of the Irish Par liamentary party, and Mr. Redmond's reply follows. J. H. M. Aughavanagh, Aughrim, County Wlcklow, July 20, 1915. Dear Mr. Callahan: I have received your letter of the 4th July, with tha lncloaed cutting. The "special corre spondence" from Dublin Is manifestly the work .of some pro-Oerman and anti-Irish writer and is utterly beneath contempt, The statements that "home ruia Is dead, although it is a statute written In the laws of the Imperial Parliament," la sufficient In Itself to convict the writer or being either a political fool or a bitter pro-German enemy of the Irish National cause. Nothing could be turtner xrom me trutn. 'ine nome rule statute Is as firmly implanted in the constitution of these countries as Magna Charta. The only doubtrul question at present Is, how long the war will last. The moment it is over, at latest, and perhaps long before that, the home rule act will come in operation. ' I am delighted to read your statement that 95 per cent of Irish-Americans are with the allies without reservation. Tour state ment is only one of many similar testimonies which I have received rrora every part oi the. United States. Your family association with great historic events in the National history of Ineland makes your letter all the more agreeable to receive. Very truly yours, J. B. REDMOND. New Doom Faces Famous Venus of Mio Loveliest of Pagan Idols in Danger of Being Mutilated Again! in The Sunday Oregonian Sterling Heilig gives a vivid account of the history of this notable statue and tells of the danger that besets it since its latest removal from Paris, last August. An intimate account of this exquisite piece of carved marble and it turbulent joumeyings is written in Mr. Heilig's inimitable style and is illustrated with some of the most recent photographs of the famous work of art, as a feature in The Sunday Oregonian. NAVY FLIERS IN MID-OCEAN Another most interesting feature of The Sunday Oregonian will be the detailed story" of the United States' progress in developing this modern process , of war. The Country's equipment in this branch of its National defense is told in an understandable way. PICTURES IN THE NIGHT Here is a short story 'that is a short story; built on an unusual idea and written by Eugene Ackerman in a way that is gripping and filled with appetizing narrative. There's a note of romance in "Pictures in the Night" that is irresistible. CONTROLLING THE COLOR OF CHILD'S HAIR AND EYES Dr. Woods Hutchinson, eminent authority, discusses this interesting problem and tells why it cannot be solved. ' This is one of Dr. Woods Hutchinson's articles on health and the human anatomy. It is "dif ferent." THE RED HARVESTER Read it! In 92 words George Willard Bonte has written a rhymed and poetic review of the war. Read it! HAPPIEST MARRIAGES If you are interested, read this crisp dia logue and comment by Barbara Boyd. You will know when you have read it if you are the dutiful wife or the negligent husband. THE PRESIDENT A WAR LORD Do you know that the President of the United States can make war anytime, although the power of declaring war rests with Congress alone? Here is a timely topic and a well-written story of the Nation's war-making machinery. It . is filled with facts you will want to learn and remember. GOING WRONG AND GETTING RIGHT The making of useful citi ens of potential enemies of society is the theme for this feature on one phase of the social problem. Going Wrong and Getting Right the title tells a story in itself. It will appear in Section 6 of The Sunday Oregonian. FOR THE CHILDREN An entire page and a half devoted to stories, anecdotes, problems, puzzles and narrative for the children. The Story of Prince Camaralzaman is a gem. The TEENIE WEENIES continue to delve into Kid-lore. OTHER FEATURES There are many other ideas developed in The Sunday Oregonian and you will want to read of them. The news events of the day will be covered up to the minute and THOROUGHLY. Keep in touch with your friends at the beach resorts through the comprehensive news reports of happenings at the ocean side. Learn your town and state by reading the historical stories of life today and yesterday which appear in The Sunday Oregonian. Twenty-Five Years Ago . From The Oregonlan of August T. 1690. A. Ferrera has moved his office from 143 Front street to 47 Stark street, near Third, where he will be pleased to see all his old customers. Messrs. Zan Bros, have received a letter from Elmira on the West Coast of Africa, wishing them to ship a lot of goods there and take a lot of Afri can produce in exchange. Members of the firm are afraid if they send the goods they may receive a consignment of young natives, for which they have no use. . Hamburg, Aug 6. A Hamburg cor respondent says: Kaiser Wilhelm will spend,, nine days in his coming visit to the Czar. The correspondent also says that he will be accompanied by Chan cellor von Caprivl and the Prince of Saxe-Altenburg. , Union, Or.,-Aug. 6. John Dobbin, an old and honored pioneer of Oregon, died this morning at his residence in this city. Mr. Dobbin came to this city in 1862, and has been one of the most prominent stockraisers in Eastern Oregon ever since. He died of stomach trouble. ' Track laying J on the La Grande Elgin branch will be commenced in a few days, the engineers and officials in charge of this part of the work .having arrived. The completion of this new road will mark a new era in the history of La Grande. Dave Ball's new sawmill at Cotton wood, near Fossil, was .totally de stroyed by Are Wednesday night. Loss $3000, with no insurance. A correspondent in the Astoria Pio neer gives an account of faro and poker games at Oysterville. Thousands of dollars change hands in a single t, i. mt n uncommon slirht to weciv. ii o j V , , see two or three thousand dollars .on the table at a single setting. San Francisco, Aug 6. A prominent commission house of this city estimates the Oregon salmon pack of 1890 at 419,600 cases. Half a Century Ago From The Oregonlan of August 7, 1S65. John O'Brien, a lad aged about 8 years, son of Mrs. O'Brien, living on Taylor street, in this city, was found dead under the Alder-street wharf yes terday. He had been missing from his home since Monday last. The last heard of him was on that day, when he was at the dock under the "What Cheer House," fishing. Mr. N. Pearcey, of Sauvie's Island, . , - - - ... tn.rloi' a nit Rhnwed caiieu uii u mrav rf, - - us his left arm, it having been restored to him alter me acciuem. m 13 last, by which it was frightfully shattered by the explosion of a gun barrel. Twenty-six shot and several particles of the gun were extracted, the last two shot being taken out on Saturday. The match at the Union 'course on Saturday was witnessed by a larpre number of people, xne nrst neat waa said to have been a pretty race, won in 3 26. The second heat was won in 3:12. On Saturday next there will be another contest T-i n nAaw frnnurA bv the steamer Cascade, from the Upper Co- . i iiaa nnn lumbla region last evenine.. was received from the Boise country through Wells,. Fargo & Co. express. 1. 1 . K..n HlepflVArAll thnt Rh lift - speare received but 5 pounds for "Ham let." The best five-act plays In his time brought a little over 6 pounds to their authors. Boucicault made over 50,000 pounds from his "Colleen Bawn." C- TT" rrt m-l f" ll Aliar R The fifth ift- j. Vali- unrier the BUSClCeS Of IA k 1 IU1 I .- - the Mechanics' Institute, will open on Wednesday evening, next. Frank W. Pixley will deliver the opening ad dress. ... Auction United States Marsnai s sale of opium and cigars, Saturday. September z, ist, ai iu onucs A. B. Richardson, auctioneer. Coming Home at S P. M. Boston Transcript, c-1 man we werft mnrried a vear .Hi: ' " ' ' - ago, I never expected to see you com ing home at 2 in the morningn. He Well, you wouldn't now If you'd only go to bed and to sleep. 1