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About Morning Oregonian. (Portland, Or.) 1861-1937 | View Entire Issue (July 22, 1915)
8 TIIE MOUSING OltEGOXIAN. TITURSDAT JULY 22, 1015. xmtmt rOIlTLASD, OREGON. Entered at Portland. Oregon. Postoffice aa ec jnd-class matter. ttDacrlutlon Kales Invariably In advance: (By Muli. J rUy, Sunday Included, one year J8.00 I'aily. Sunday Included, six momas 4. .5 I'ally. Sunday Included, three month.. 2-jfo XJaily, Sunday included, one month. .... -75 latly, without Sunday, one year!-..... 6.00 lally, vlthout Sunday, six months.... 8.25 Jaily. without Sunday, three months... 1.75 I'aily. without Bunday, one month "0 Weekly, one year 1.60 fcunday, one year 2.50 bunday and Weekly, one year 8- (By Carrier.) Dally. Sunday Included, one year..... 9.00 lastly, Sunday Included, one month 5 How to Kemit 6end Postoffice money or der, express order or personal check on your local bank. Stamps, coin or currency are at .-sender's risk. Give postoffice address In ;;tuil, including- county and state. Postage Kates 12 to Its pages, 1 cent; 18 .:to 3z pages, . cents; it to 48 pages, i -cents; 5o to (jO pages, 4 cents; 63 to 78 t pages, 5 cents; 78 to bii pages, 6 cent. For eign postage, double rates. !: fcastern Business Offices Veree & Conk Jin. Brunswick building. New York; Verree '..ft. Conklin, Steger building, Chicago; San ; Francisco representative, ii. J. Bid well, 742 - ilark-it street. 1-ORTLA.NB, THURSDAY. JULY 22, 1913. DISCOVERIES IN THE LAND OF ntOORlisS. Professor Frederick M. Davenport, i-who has been "on the trail of progress l and reaction in the West" for the Out ;'look (New Tork), reaches Oregon In j'.the current issue of that entertaining and instructive periodical. Professor : Davenport, it will be remembered, was ;:the Progressive party's candidate for Governor of New York in the last elec tion, and is professor of law and poli tics at Hamilton college. As an open j minded student of "direct democracy," ;;as he terms the Oregon system, his conclusions are of unusual interest. I Some of them probably will not set well with the more loudly professing ;;friends of direct legislation, and one, ; at least, is likely to Inspire horror among the stern guardians of the di - Tect primary. While Professor Davenport does : not use Oregon's experience with the indirect primary as a specific illustra ; tion, one cannot escape the conclusion : that he believes the Republican party ; of this state was on the right track ; when it made its disastrous attempt :.to establish the assembly principle. ' "The direct primary," he says, "at present drives leadership to cover, and ;jnakes no place for those splendid ' mass gatherings and discussions in small units which formerly cleared the air and informed and trained the . electorate." Elsewhere he says the Jnstfnct to hold preliminary confer ences cannot be stifled. "It should rather be legalized and made respon sible and open. Otherwise a secret cabal, whether benevolent or malevo lent, is sure to flourish and be a con tinuing source of irritation in a democracy." Again: "Leadership, democracy in America must have, and will have either openly or secretly, by fair means or foul." It is lucky for Professdr Davenport that he does not contemplate settling , in Oregon to become a leader In po litical thought. We tremble to think of the denunciations that would be lteaped upon one who went so far as "to propose the enactment into law of the plan Governor Hughes proposed in New York. That plan contemplat ed the election of representative state leaders to confer openly and suggest .candidates for state office. . Oregon voters cannot escape the knowledge that preceding every elec tion there are "secret cabals" which .attempt to direct the course of the direct primary. Occasionally an openly conducted voluntary meeting of prom inent . citizens gives advice that Is iheeded. But there we stop and be yond that we shall not soon go along the road that Professor Davenport says must be traveled. A formally elected advisory convention. Just now, would do its favored candidates more harm than good. The average Oregon voter does not concede the value of leadership. To direct his opinions It roust be exerted in the most subtle or indirect way. And woe betide the Oregon citizen who suggests that po litical leadership be recognized legally "or openly. Of course Professor Davenport's conclusions were not written for con sumption in Oregon exclusively. He has charged Into his subject fearlessly and apparently has told for the bene fit of a wide circle of readers what he thinks about the operations of the Oregon system. For example, he ob serves an antagonism to further rapid changes in government forms and policies. The initiative and referen dum are too often applied to issues not simple or fundamental. He dis counts the merits of the recall and he thinks Mr. TTRen has tried to lead too often. The Oregon promoter of governmental'-novelties is likened to -Aristides, who exercised his leader ship so often that the Athenians final ly escorted him to the city gate "and towed him into the ostracism of silence." But he offers a thought tha.t should be comforting to Mr. TTRen. "Everybody in Greece is for Aristides now." In other words, the appreciation of Mr. U'Ren will come from posterity. But aside from his usually clear ob servations, Professor Davenport offers two criticisms that will not be clear to .Oregon citizens. Possibly they 'are "the imperfect impressions of a hasty study and examination in those par ticulars. He asserts that . Oregon's direct democracy has "had ' a clear tendency to undermine and1 weaken the position of the Governor and Leg islature of the state." He continues: Much of the standing and influence of the Governor has been taken away by two . developments: First, the constrtutiona'l veto power upoa legislation has practically been denied him upon all Important measures passed by the Legislature they may now be directly referred to the people, follow ing the petition of only five per cent of th voters; second, the Governor is shorn of a larg-e amount of j-esponsibility and power by the fact 'that rrfc is. so far as many nat wural executive - functions are concerned, merely the chairman of some board or other in which he has one voice and one vote. This refers, for example, to such highly Important public matters as the control of all public institutions and over he public highways. The result is the cutting, in the . Governor, of the nerve of public leadership. ; an operation which is fatal to the highly i useful development of the responsibility of J the executive which is taking place in the country at large. ; As to the curtailment of the -veto, it , Is true the constitution provides that ; the "veto power shall not be extended 'to measures referred to the people." Uroadly construed, this might mean that a vetoed bill could be subjected to the referendum and adopted notwith standing the Governor's veto. But it lias been assumed to apply only to initiated measures and the compara tively few referred by the Legislative Assembly on its own motion. In prac tice the Governor vetoes any other bill f which he disapproves. We .have never observed that the exist ence of the referendum power re strained him in the least. Nor has an attempt ever been made to refer a vetoed bill. The Governor's position as the ciiaixoan. and, member with, but one vote of several commissions can hard ly be blamed upon direct legislation. The Board of Control and the High way Commission were created in their present form by .the Legislature with economy more than any other factor in mind. Instead of authoriz ing the Governor to appoint the mem bers on the two boards, the Secretary of State and the State Treasurer were named without granting them addi tional salary. As to the appointive commissions the nerve of public leadership was restored by the last Legislature when it gave the Governor power to re move his own appointees at will. But that was done after Professor Daven port's visit to Oregon. We think it is quite safe to assume, from his re marks, that this Independent investi gator of progressive mind, heartily indorses the so-called "spoilsman law." SEE WHAT WE'VE GOT. Let us not minimize the beneficent results of commission government for Portland. It costs more than the old system the wicked and criminal old system, which blundered aimlessly along with a Mayor elected at large by the people, and with a council cho sen by wards but see what we've got. The sidewalk corners have been cut throughout the town, at a cost of $40,000 or more, and everybody sleeps better o'nights, in the consoling thought that millions have been saved in the public convenience and safety. Bathing costumps for the ladirs have been approved, so the public is assured that its sensibilities will not be shocked by sights not proper for a modest community. The moral squad has made it 'mighty hazardous for any gentleman and lady to be quartered in any Port land lodging-house, without being able to show a marriage license on demand. The time when we shall have an auditorium has been advanced two whole years. Water bills are payable every quar ter, instead of monthly, and the owner must pay the arrearages of any de faulting tenant. Besides, we nearly got a meter system. There would have been a $3 mini mum wage for all workmen on all city contracts, if the scheme had worked. An army of inspectors is on the Job all the time, to see that restaurants are sanitary, stables clean, moving picture films pure, and the like. An Immense lot of time has been saved to the public service by buying automobiles for sundry officials who would otherwise have to walk or take a streetcar. There have been other achievements worthy of warm praise, but we can't think of them just- now. They have cost us only $900,000 more than we paid during the previous biennium un der the clumsy, expensive and cor rupt old system. one hot day. "Everybody complains about the weather," once observed Mark Twain, "but nobody does anything about it." What Is to be done when the mercury climbs to 3 00 in the shade? Nothing, of course, but to grin and bear it. Yet nobody grins, and everybody is sure that the weather is not what it used to be in the good old days when Sum mers in the Pacific Northwest were Ideal, and the same underwear, or rather the same style of underwear, was worn the year around. It is true, nevertheless, that there have been hot days in Oregon in the long ago Elysian era Just as there oc casionally are now. It is a fact that the thermometer has reached 100, or even more, five times in the past forty-two years. There is no authentic official record prior to that time, but the diligent reader of The Oregonian's Fifty Years Ago column has not failed to discover frequent references to a tropical sun under which our fore bears suffered and were not silent. Yet a hot day In Oregon is unusual and a hot night even more excep tional. Hot weather has no definite place in the calendar of our discom forts. It is. not easy for the oldest inhabitant to remember five days In succession which could fairly be de scribed as heated. But everyone can tell a story of his sufferings back East when there was no solace to be found by day or night. Was it notjast year that Kansas had fifty days in succes sion where the thermometer ranged above 100? Yet there are people who persist in living in Kansas with all its horrors of miserable weather and wretched politics. It may be long years before Oregon has as hot a day as Tuesday. Or it may not be. But whatever comes, your seasoned Oregonian is sure that it is the finest and evenest climate in all the. world. PATRIOTIC FSAXKN'ESK. The Sons of the American Revolu tion express their opinions with stimu lating frankness. Whether we agree with them or not, we must admire their unfaltering candor. And we must admit that it is not at all dis agreeable in these times of hyphena tion and indecision to listen to men who know their own minds and have the courage' to say what they think. Their outspoken patriotism should be an excellent tonic for some of the rest of us who have not" been quite certain for the last few months whether they were Americans or Europeans of. one brand or another. The Sons of, the Revolution remind us with hearty vigor that the United States is a Nation with a Nation's sense of honor and full claim to the' loyalty of its citizens. They t-.ach us the old and sadly-needed lesson that weakness is no defense against ag gression and they compel the reluc tant mollycoddle to remember that he does not live in heaven among the peaceful angels, but on earth, where militarist maniacs still rob the de fenseless and murder the wives and children of those who cannot resist. This assertion of robust American ism is timely and invigorating. Re luctance to "hurt people's feelings" has hushed a great deal of healthy National expression In recent davs. There has been too much such hush ing. It tends to servility and the loss of self-respect. We Americans must not relinquish the right to speak our minds and the valiant Sons of the Revolution set us an admirable exam ple just at this juncture by -pushing the right to an extreme. They boldly proclaim that the United States stands first in. their hearts and that they are willing to fight for its honor. We dare say some win call them jingoes for their candor, but a little more of that kind of Jingoism would be salutary to the country. The rumor that Russia Is trying to make peace does not exactly jibe with the $80,000,000 order for ammunition she has Just given the Remington. The Czar liu sained, nothing thu far by the war and lost much, but the longer he lights the better his chances to come out a winner, and he doutt less knows it. THEN AND NOW. On the 13th of May, in this year of grace, the President of the United States plainly expressed to the im perial government of Germany the American people's sense of amaze ment and outrage at the destruction of the Lusitanla and the death of her passengers, and demanded both rep aration "for injuries which are with out measure" and assurance of the cessation of such methods of warfare. A definite message of warning was further conveyed to Germany in the following explicit paragraph: This Government has already taken occa sion to Inform the" Imperial government that It cannot admit the adoption of sucb meas ures or such a warning of danger to operate as In any degree an abbreviation of the rights of American shipmasters or of Amer ican citizens bound on lawful errands as passengers on merchant ships of belligerent nationality, and that It must hold the Im perial government to a strict accountability for any Infringement of these rights, inten tional or Incidental. The readiness of the United States to adopt any measures, however ex treme or costly, to uphold its dignity and' self-respect was also conveyed in the following significant sentence: The Imperial Germia government will not expect the Government of the United States to omit any word or any act neces sary to the performance of Its sacred duty of maintaining the rights of the Inlwd States and its citlsens. and safeguarding their free exercise and enjoyment. Now, after a protracted season of diplomatic correspondence, and an ob vious and avowed failure of Germany to comply with the demands of the United States, we find the present at titude of the National Administration thus described in an Associated Press dispatch, evidently printed with the color of authority: So far as Cabinet officers could Judge by their examination of public expressions, the Nation had voiced an Insistent desire that the honor and dignity of the United States be upheld in the correspondence with Germany, hut that m course would be) fol lowed which would maintain peace. It is reported from Washington, too, with full appearance of authenticity, that President Wilson now , intends merely to inform Germany that any further deadly assaults by submarines upon Americans graveling on the high seas upon, lawful business will be re garded as an "unfriendly act." Re sponsibility for whatever may happen is then to rest with Germany. It is not true that the country in sists that the negotiations with Ger many must be predicated upon peace at any price or in any contingency. It is true that the country is pre pared to support the Presidtr.t in his earlier determination, now apparently abandoned, or greatly modified, not to" omit any word or act to maintain American rights. Are we drifting into another period of watchful waiting? THE OSTEOPATHTSTS. The American Osteopathic Associa tion, which is to meet at Portland in the first week of August, was founded in 1897. Its purpose, like that of other similar societies, is to look after the common Interest of the members, and particularly to prevent hostile legislation. Osteopathy Involves a new theory and an original philosophy of medicine and is therefore subject to many perils from Ignorant or preju diced legislative bodies. The Na tional association Is now so strong that its power is recognized by the 'law makers and osteopathy is winning its way almost everywhere. The ideas upon which it Is based were first pro mulgated by Dr. Andrew Taylor Sill in the year 1S74.' Dr. Sill was a physician of the reg ular school who served under Fre mont in the Civil War. He seems to have had great natural skill In treat ing fractures of the bones, and grad ually came to the conclusion that dis placements of the skeleton, or other parts of the bodily "framework, were the cause of all diseases. From 1874 to 1887 Dr. Sill traveled up and down the State of Missouri teaching his doctrine and healing the wounded. His success In the latter field was so great that he gained the title of "lightning .bonesetter." The American School of Osteopathy was first chartered in 1892. In 1894 it obtained a new charter which en larged Its usefulness and its first class was graduated in the following March. This school adopted a three-year course of study in 1905 and now has more than. 3000 graduates who are In the regular practice of osteopathy. A great many other schools have lately been opened to teach the new theory of healing and some of them ' have made commendable efforts to give their 'instruction a scientific charac ter. The American Osteopathic Associa tion recommends to all professional schools fifteen months of anatomy, taken five hours a week: chemistry five hours a week for one term of five months, and other medical studies are similarly provided for. If all the schools of osteopathy lived up to the standard set by the association, they would give as good training as any medical colleges, but since they are so new and have so many problems, financial and other, to solve, it stands to reason that some of them must fall short of the ideal. Anatomy Is the principal subject of study in the schools of osteopathy be cause this medical system is founded upon the structure of the body. It avoids drugs entirety, except anesthet ics in cases of emergency, regards surgery lightly and has little to say in favor of the modern germ theory. The osteopaths assume that the body contains all that is essential to keep itself in health. It manufactures its own restorative potions far better than the chemist can. The sole office of the physician, therefore, is to give the bodily ma chinery fair play in Its efforts to main tain or Testore health. If there arises any maladjustment In the framework of the body, of course trouble ensues. Such maladjustments may occur in the paths, of the bodily fluids or the nerve forces which direct our activi ties. The natural flow of force or fluid is then obstructed and disease follows. An obstruction may be caused by a blow, by Improper diet, by unwise exertion and a hundred other accidents of life. The duty of the physician Is not to administer drugs, but to bring about an adjust ment of the physical machinery so that it may resume Its normal activ ity. This, being a purely mechanical matters Is effected by mechanical means, such a manipulation by the attendant's hands. The osteopathic writers scorn the thought that their art Is really nothing but massage. They claim that it is a great deal more, but the distinctions they draw at this point are too refined for ordi nary understanding. The great suc cess and, rapid, spread of osteopathy seem to prove that there is a place for it in the world of medicine. The notion that nature is,-after all, the best healer of our diseases Is very old. The vis medlcatrlx naturae is re lied upon more or less by all doctors, and those who lean most heavily upon It probably succeed best. Such physi cians as Osier and Welch say openly that drugs are almost useless and that the body will in most cases cure Its own diseases if it has half a chanot. It Is a common remark among physi cians that the majority of patients would get well without any 'treatment, so that the attending physician usually gains glory to which he is not entitled. The osteopathlsts at least deserve the credit of not hindering nature even If they do not help her a great deal. But in all likelihood they do help her. It is Impossible to manip ulate the bodily structure intelligently and faithfully without promoting the functions and stimulating the circula tion. Such manipulations have alao t wholesome Influence upon the ner vous system. All this has been proved by experience in countless instances. We must also credit the osteopathics with having propagated a new and awakening Idea, always a valuable service. They have forced the ortho dox physicians to Investigate oublccu long neglected and adopt principles which they habitually Ignored, if they ever kntw them. For these benefits as well as for the actual cure of mai y diseases we must feel grateful to the osteupiitliists. WHO PAYS? The decision of the Supreme Curt In the gross earnings tax case does not finally settle the Issue. It merely advances a step the final decision as to whether there shall be a collection of several hundred thousand dollars for public needs from the PortlanJ public service companies. If the city's financial condition does i.'.t improve during the course of the litigation, the additional revenue will be quite wel come if it is acquired. Still there Is always a fly in the ointment ut public utility taxation. Public utilities are regulated as to rates and quality of service in Oregon. If this regulation Is effective, a lax upon such a company is but an Indi rect way of taxing the public. The company is entitled to a fair net return upon its investment. In determining the net return, taxes, among other expenditures, are sub tracted from the gross receipts. It in evitably follows that the public pay the company's taxes in higher rates or by putting up with a poorer quality of service. An additional tax upon a public sorv Lt corporation Is Justified only as an emergency measure or in the absence of effective regulation. Otherwise it promotes unwarranted ill feeling among the served toward the server over rates charged und service ren dered. By its indirection it pronitnes a false conception of the source of municipal income and leads to ex travagance. It may bo that In the proceedings yet to be had In court the compa.iiol contesting will be able to thow that the tax Is unreasonable. In that -:vent the court might either declare the tax void or suggest that the companies' remedy is an increase in rates. In cither event the people do not profit. It would be fairer and "more busi nesslike If a properly constituted body were authorized to levy a gross earn ings tax against a public utility after due Investigation of rates, earning power, cost of plant and other ele ments. A vote by the people on the question is? a hit or miss proposition. The laundrymen In convention as sail the Chinese washerman and won der why the exclusion law is not en forced, and many local people wonder with them. The washerman, however. Is not the worst menace. The Chinese lottery, with its insidious drag. Is do ing more to demoralize white people. The washerman docs good work for the money he gets. The lottery peo ple allow an occasional winning, which stimulates the white gambler to spend more. , D. W. Campbell and John M. Scott, two gentlemen who "own" the South ern Pacific, will always be remembered kindly by the little lads and- lassies of the locul institutions who are their guests today In an excursion to lie Mlnnvllle. and so, too, will be the peo ple and firms who contribute the sub stantlals that make a picnic enjoyable. There is a whole lot, of good being done in this old world in a quiet way. Paris celebrated the fall of the Bas tile as usual on July 14, paying spe cial honor to the memory of Rougct de Lisle, who composed the words and music of the "Marseillaise." Pres ident Polncare, members of the Cabi net and of Parliament, soldiers and school children Joined in a procession to celebrate his service to liberty. If Colonel Roosevelt would amend his remarks in one particular he would be almost an Ideal guide in these difficult times. He tells us all about the duty of the plain citizen to the Government, but nothing about the duty of the Government to the citi zen. Germany has attended to both. Hence her strength. There Is a solemn as well as a gay aspect to ou,r big trade balance. Most of it stands in European securities which are depreciating slowly but surely. As they go downward the American exporters' profits disappear. To be truly satisfactory a trade bal ance should be paid In gold. Journalists in embryo should hot foot for Paris, where a paper only twenty years old has Just been sold for more than $4,000,000. Go over and start something. If all the "mashers" accosted wives of policemen the nuisance soon would be abated. When one does and is landed, he Is chary of a second of fense. The Remington machinists get their demands without a strike, which is a fine way to settle a labor trouble. Standard Oil should take notice. Colored folk have no more "kick" coming. Textile people say dark col ors will be popular this Fall. Movements of Hon. Milt Miller fore cast early appearance here of Mr. Bryan. One way to boycott this Sunday funeral regulation is refuse to die. The mercury got ashamed of itself and climbed down. Lots of good baseball weather going to waste here. Stars and Starmakers By I .rone Cass Baer, Read where an actress explains nicely that the reason she married a man she never had seen until their wedding day was that she fe4I In love with his penmanship. Just so. Lots of us do that, and the bigger the check the penman cars write the harder we fall. see Only scientists are now allowed the use of alcohol In Russia. I predict a sudden turning of all Slavs to study of science. "Perfect Babies Few" says a head line In the Billings paper. Certainly. There is only one. And that's your own. e . Article goes right on and tells of the "largest baby-feeding clinic in the world." Personally I'd lots rather see It. or read about It. than hear it. Out of "the" Billings paper I got this funny account of -vengeance glutted. It seems that a young man who had been snubbed at the theater door decided to get even with his girl friends. The girls occupied the first four seats In the sixth row and, the young man had the fifth. They paid no attention whatever to him. On the programme w-as a monologist who began to talk of love to get a few laughs as these ar tists often do. He said: "All the girls who are in love please stand up." s Turning to the girl next to him the young man who had been snubbed said: "Please let me out." Naturally the entire four had to rise. When they were on their feet the young man sat down, while the re mainder of the audience roared In glee at the four girls standing up. . In the newest Winter Garden show In New York some one asks George Monroe, who Is nervously unrolling a manuscript preparatory to bursting Into song. "la that a piece of music?" "No." replies Monroe, "this Is a popular song." e e Guy Bates Post will resume his tour In "Omar the Tentmaker" next Sun day In San Francisco. He has been vacationing in California since he closed his tour, right after playing a few Oregon. towns, following his Hcllig engagement. Mile. Gabrielle Dornxiot Is now play ing in vaudeville In London at the Coliseum. She was leading woman last season with William Faversham in The Hawk." After a visit to her native city of Rhelms she related to Kdward Knoblauch some experiences that had bef&nen her. He was so Im pressed that he suggested making a little drama for her out of them. "The Way to Win" was the result. see H. T. Parker, the dramatic and musical critic of the Boston Tran script, who has been dangerously 111 of pneumonia In Pan Francisco for the paat six weeks, is sufficiently recovered to have left the hospital. He Is now convalescing at the Fairmont Hotel preparatory to returning East. Mr. Parker had planned to continue his travels to the Orient, but he had been In San Francisco only a few days when he was stricken. Answer to Interested: Elsie Ferguson made her stage debut in 1901. n years ago next October. She maue Her debut aa a chorua girl In "The Liberty Belles." She played at me Bungalow when It housed the Hellig attractions a few seasons ago. witn Milton Lackaye In "The Battle Her first big success was In "Pierre of tne Plains on Broadway. ' Sir James Barrie, Pauline Chase, and Edna May are planning to erect a drinking fountain In memory of Charles Frohman In Marlowe, a village on the xnames. for which the late manager had always professed a great love. Madame Alia Naximova, at present appearing in vaudeville In the success ful war playlet. "War Brldea." will be seen next year In a new poetic tragedy by Rablndranath Tagore. Save for a few performances In one of the settlement theaters , of the East Side of his widely known "Fostofrice." this will be the first representation on the American stage of the great Indian poet who was the last to receive the Nobel prize In literature. The setting for the production Is being" prepared by Maurice Stern, see Marie B. Schrader, who I Madame Critic In the Dramatic Mirror, opines, and truly.- that the rule "My face is my fortune, sir, she said," applies strictly In musical attractions. Of course other attractions count some probably quite as much as the face: but beauty reigns supreme and is exceedingly disdainful of Its less fortunate sisters. Telling of the beauties In the Shuberts' Winter Garden. Madame Critic says: 1 tried to figure out. too. which young woman was the one who recently figured "- the recipient of a S7O0 floral offering which was so beautiful that the stsge man ager asked permission to place It In a con spicuous position on the stage during the most gorgeous scene of the production. This gift was about four feet square as to platform and about eight feet high as to plant. There were hundreds of the most expensive flowers used to make the plat form, and It was truly a work of art from a master hand In designing. When It was dragged Into the theater the pretty girl to whom It was delivered looked at It, shrugged her shoulders and said something about Its being "awful pretty." Then she continued her makeup in her bower of American roses, several hundred In number, quite ac customed to such extravagance. Such beauties are so disdainful of the principals fthe production. It la said, that they consider them beneath their notice. No wondor these pretty girls are spoiled. Of course you must realise that Madame Critic Isn't refer ring to the queer ill-assorted gets of antiquated chorus dames that are sent out to us on the Coast In the average musical show. She means the gorgeous good-looking creatures who ornament the Broadway productions and stay In New Tork while the show season Is on. They do not have to leave their handsome apartments to come trapesing across the continent We saw a few of them with the Zlegfeld show, and the Winter Uarden shows bring them to us. and Blanche King used to. PORTLAND. Or.. July 20. (To the Fdltor.) Please give the population of Hungary and of Austria, separately, and of Austria-Hungary. JOHN PRETZ. The population of Austria-Hungary is given as 60.000. 000. The population of Austria at 5. 000. 000, and that of Hungary at :i,000,000, European War Primer By atioaal Geographical society. The line of the Bug (pronounced boog), toward which the Russians some daya ago were said to be retreating and where they were determined to make a stand against the Invading Teutonic force. Is a dividing line be tween what is now known as Russian Poland and the provinces of Russia proper. The country traversed by the River Bug offers many advantages for obstinate defense. Along much of Its course, the river's banks are very dif ficult, and the country beside for Ions stretches Is heavily wooded. Extreme ly bad roads, and lake, pond and marsh by the way add to labors of military advances here. This river forms one of the strongest lines of defense in the west of the Russian, Empsre. A network of feeding railways is laid to pour men and munitions Into any sector of this line from any Interior point In the Empire. From Petrograd to Odessa, railways converge upon the River Bug. Fur thermore, the river line la paralleled along Its entire Russian Poland course Jut as Germany's eastern frontier Is paralleled by a railroad, passing from the fortress In the north. Osowiec. through Uielostok. BJelsk. the fortress Brest Litovsk. Kovel. to Vladimir Volynsk. In the south. Just beyond the Galiclan frontier. Another branch of this railway runs, from Brest Lltovsk. close beside the river, finallv crossing the Bug and terminating at Kholm. "The Bug rises ln GaJIcla. about SO miles east of Lemberg; flown west to Kantlonka Busk, about : miles east northeast of Lemberg. and then turns north-northwest (o the Russian border. In Russia, for a great part of Its course. It flows north along the eastern borders of Poland. Northeast of War saw, it leaves the Toltsh border, turns west and Joins the Vistula River, 15 miles northwest of Warsaw, at the powerful fortress of Novo eorgtcvk. To Ita Junction with the Vistula, the Bug travels 450 miles, more than 3uO miles of which are navigable. From Brest Lltovsk It is navigable for larger river boats, while above the fortress it is navigated by barges and rafts. In peace times, a considerable traffic Is carried on upon the Bug. It is a very important factor In the Russian lumber trade, great rafts of logs being floated down ita course from the rich forests that line Its upper rt-aches. Grain, fowls principally geese for the quality ot which the Polish poasant Is widely noted and cattle are also trans ported on the river. The Bug is con nected by waterways with the interior of Russia, and its water-borne freight -an be sent into Southern or Northern Russia, as well as into Germany. Canals connect the Bug with the Pripet and, thus, with the Dnieper River and Crimean land, and with the Niemen River. The Bug River offers 'one of the best lines ln the west for the quick and uninternintfri n .. i .. . , - - u.i . nui, yf l iiu;man armies and their supplier it also re- siuuum u irontier to be hem hv n ..-.. t .. . . i . ,, . - - "'"' i yt i mues an advantage, however, shared In by friend UTirl f Glilt - . .-v.... n iniiinir Dirt upon this line would rierrt-sitate the surrender vl Warsaw, one of the richest manu facturing cities of Russia, of Innum erable Industrial towns and villages, and of tens of thnusanda of acres of richly productive farm lands. Ruksian Poland, beyond the Bug. is an Industrial center of the Muscovite Km pi re. a great granary, and an Important source of leather and beef. MITI AU POLICIK.a SOT Al.l. ALIKE Liability af Stockholders la Old Raik. rajpt Coespaales la Qaeslloaed. M MINNVILLE. Or, July 21 (To the Bdltor.) In a Salem dicpatrh to The Oregonian it Is stated that Receiver Wells Intends to bring actions to test the liability of policyholders of the Oregon Merchants' Mutual Fire Assur ance Association and the two other companies of which he Is receiver, to pay the assessments recently levied by Judge Galloway. Your reporter at tributea to the receiver statements that are not strictly accurate when applied to the policies of the company above named, and I presume trial what he said applied and was Intended to apply only t. policies Issued by the Horti cultural Fire Relief Association, of which yr. Wells is receiver. The policies of the Oregon Merchants Mutual Fire Assurance Association have printed on the policies in lurge letters. "Paid-up' Policy Non-As.e.--able." and section 2 of the by-laws of said company, which la printed as a part of the policies, provides that said company may issue a fully paid-up policy for the time agreed upon and as provided by law. upon the payment of the premium fixed by the board of di rectors and named In the policy. Section 8 of the by-laws of the com pany, which Is also a rart of the policy, provides that the liability of each mem ber of the association ( policyholder) is limited to the amount of the premium charged by the association uion his policy and it declares that, upon pay ment of such ;remium. his liability to the association ceases. From this it appears that the com pany had authority to issue "fully-pald-up" policies; that they issued poli cies marked "Paid-up Policy Non-Aa-cessable, "and that by force of section 8 of the by-laws, the liability of each policyholder Is limited to the payment of the premium charged by the asso ciation. Kach policy states that it was issued. Inter alia, in consideration of the payment by the policyholder of a stated amount, which is the premium ao-resd upon. These premiums have been paid up by the policyholders. These policies make no provision whatever for levying any assessments or paying anything in addition of the premium agreed on. In the policies that I have seen. Issued by this company, there Is no provision whatever for levying as sessments to an amount equal to the rates charged by the standard stock companies. In the policies issued by the Horticultural Company there is such a provision. It seems to me that Judge Galloway had no authority to levy any assess ment whatever upon the policyholders of the Oregon Merchants' Mutual, Fire Assurance Association and that' said levy Is void. If actions should be brought upon these policies the cases should be taken beyond the decision of Judge Galloway or a Justice of the Peace. There are many of these policies in this county and it seems certain that the equities are clearly with the pol icyholders, and that they should not be required to pay any more to these bankrupt companies, and It seems to me that the law. also. Is with the hold ers of policies In the first-named com pany. As to policyholders ln (ha other -two companies, a different question Is presented. YAMH1LLIAN. Remedy for Tick. Dlte. COTTAGE GROVE. Or.. July U. (To the Editor.) Concerning an article In The Oregonian July 7 about a rage tick bite proving fatal. I would like to suggest a home remedy that I tried on myself, as I was several miles from a doctor. I was bitten on calf of lot;. I carefully removed the tick, which was of the red variety and the most poisonous. Then to one gallon of strong vinegar adl three gallons of water one quart of fine salt: let come to a boll, then applied as hot aa could be endured. This remedy will'clieck poison until medical assistance can be called. This remedy may he of assistance and re lieve some sufferer. CHARLES THORNTOM. Twenty-Five Year Ago From The Oregonian. July ?2. lfsao. Washington The Republicans are still undecided as to how they can bring the Blaine reciprocity and the McKinley politician ideas tocether and at the) ianie time sati.-fy the clamor for special items among Individual members of the senate. Senator Dolph yeslerdjy tried to have railed up and passed a bill al lowing the people of Albany. Or, to construct- a bridse. Democratic ob jection has prevented action for some time. New York A special to the Herald from Mexico City r y& the lot g threatened war has broken out be tween Guatemala, and Salvador. Brussels The lth anniversary Belgian Independence and the Ii h. year of the reign of King Leopold was observed here yesterday. President Onkes. of the Northe n Pacific, yesterday announced the pur chase of the majority of slock in the Seattle. Lake Shore Eastern Com pany by the Northern Paclrtr. The pur chase represents SJ.Coo.uOO out of j.OOO.OOO. rt:vini, r- , ... - , ivwitien i erry was In the citv Satur,i..v u-lth ln.i,.i,iiAn. from Washington to United states Marshal Brown to turn over the United Statesi prison at McNeill s Island to the State of Washington and to take from Governor Ferry a receipt for all property and prisoners. Governor Ferry refused to accept the prison, say ing he had no authority to do so. H. A. Whittlesey has been elected wecretary of the Portland Lumbermen's Exchange, vico 1 1. It. I'uniway, re signed. P. J. Mann is planning to build sev eral handsome new residences on Col lege, between Third and Fourth streets, on the site which has been a wilderness of flowers for many years. The old residence Is being moved around on the Third-street tide. There was a double wedding at the Catholic. Cathedral yesterday at ? A. M.. very Reverend J. F. Fierens offici ating, when M. G. Munly. editor of the Catholic Sentinel, and Miss Mary A. Nixon and James T. Birren ami Mls. Li7.sle Nixon were married. Mr. Munly acted as Mr. Barron's best man and Mr. Barron did the honors for Mr. Munly, and the girls exchanged honors In the same way. A. A. Stace. the famous Vale ath lete and baseball pitcher, is mt going to be a minister after all. Stacg. It will be remembered, is the pitcher of whom It was said he always prayed for victory before entering a contest. He has been selected as athletic di rector for the Y. M. C. A. ln one of the. big cities. Half a Century Ago From The Oreconian, July ii. lr, New York. Geortre W. Rackley. president of the Golden Circle, has is sued an executive general orier. dated In his place of confinement. Fort War ren. June 28, in which he suspends the labors of the several department of the Golden Circle until July 1. 1ST0. when a eor.scres of the i'irele will as semble in Wnshinntdn with open doors and proceed to lay the cornerstone of a National University. All members of tho military department are released from allegiance to the order and from all obligations of secrecy pertaining to the same. ' New York. fudge Marion, of Flori da, has been appointed Provisional Governor of Florida. He was a Union refugee luring the rebellion. The charge that General Hooker was drunk at the I'.atlle of flian.-ellr.ra-ville baa been investigated by the Con gressional committee and wl.olly re futed. The loss ot the battle Is attrib uted t failure of subordinates to per form the parts assigned to them. In consequence of bis Ajnccio speech. Prince Napoleon ha.t fallen lm dis grace with that most august despot, the Emperor. The prince li-tss curtly resigned the presidency of the privy coun,il. His views were held too lib eral. The entire National debt now amounts to $2.6:t.i.:5.7&2.0, according to Secretary McCulloch. Robert K. Lee and A. H. Stephens both have been reduced to the humili ating necessity of beKgintr for pardons for crimes against the Government. Lieutenant-Governor Uross was met at the Car-cades yesterday in company with Mr. Colfax nnd the party w-as ac companied by Wells, Fargo A Co.'s messenger, having in charge the usual remittance from our colli fields. Gov ernor Bros lifted a couple of the racks weighin i 150 pounds each and be wilt return to bis home in Illinois duly and deeply Impressed with the weight as well as the value of Oregon dust, Charles Barrett has laid a budget of news on our table. The package con tains Chambers' Journal. Hours at Home, a new monthly by J. M. Sher wood, the Atlantic for July and Illus trated and weekly papers from New York. Boston and Philadelphia. "ttHEV lot ARK FlrTI." If the years before had been liveJ aright Your feel will be nimble, jour eyes will be bright; And you will be loved though your hair may be while. When you are fifty. But it it should be that you're faded and worn By the battles you've fought and the buroens you'vo borne: By a smile you'll win more than by looking forlorn. L'ven when you are fifty. If you have scattered kindness alocg the years Or brought smiles to the face that was wet with tears; Or the tplrit of peace to help banish fears. You won't mind being fifty. If you choose with care the seed that you sow, You will reap with pleasure the crop that will grow; And the things that I tell you are things that I know. Because I am flftv. MAU) STAFFORO BURLEY. The Unit System In the loose-leaf systems of book keeping In your filing cabinets, etc., you add new units only as you need them. That Is just what the National manufacturer can do with his ad vertising when be uses newspapers. Lach newspaper Is a separate unit . holding a certain selling strength In a given community. Just multiply these units as you need thrm and you have your Na tional campaign. You spend your money in the places where you want to produce results and nowhere else,