THE -MOUSING OREGOXIAy. TUESDAY. JULY 20, 1915.
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IDRTUNO, MONDAY, JULY 1, 1915.
THE COLONEL'S TWENTY MINUTES.
' Colonel Roosevelt must have found
; the twenty minutes he remained In
. . Portland yesterday quite an ample
period to review the soldiers of Arma-
' geddon in this neck of the woods and
ascertain the hopes and expectations
) of the Progressive party In Oregon.
Among the leaders who. visited or con
, . ferred with him there were without
doubt several wise enough and sincere
-enough to tell him the truth. Doubt
.less the Colonel is wise enough to read
he signs of the times without their
,itdvice or counsel.
The Progressive party in Oregon, as
It is nearly everywhere else, is com
posed largely of generals. It is the
generals who will speak encouraging
words in the Colonel's ears. Their
party allegiance they might trade if
they also could trade Progressive
party titles for Republican party
-titles iust as imposing. But so long,
as the swapping is not good they
prefer to remain leaders without a
host. What they can do to forestall
any act by the Colonel that would
;tend to deprive them of their political
heraldry we presume they will do or
Tiave done.
But it will be observed that ad
vancing years, if they have had no
other effect, have equipped Colonel
Roosevelt with circumspection. In
1900 he unhesitatingly announced
that "under no circumstances" would
he become a candidate for Vice-President.
Tet conditions caused him to
change his mind. TTpon re-election as
President in 1904, he declared that
"under' no circumstances" would he
again be a. candidate. Yet he was.
.But Sunday, in Seattle, he was non
committal in response to a searching
Inquiry. "Tell me what the conditions
will be in 1916, and I will tell you
what I will do," he said. He has
learned that "circumstances" alter
"cases in most unexpected ways.
'- But it is a cautious mind that can
"Imagine the happening of anything in
the next year to brighten the prospects
of the Progressive party. It is plain
that the votes cast for Mr. Roosevelt
in 1912 were in greater part not a
declaration for the formation of a new
poIitical party, but the product of per
sonal admiration for Colonel Roose
velt and of a desire of Republicans to
chastise the Republican party. The
situation in Oregon is quite typical of
that .In nearly every other state where
the Progressive party made a show
ing in 1912. '
In 1912, Mr. Roosevelt received
87.600 votes in Oregon out of a total,
,vote of 137,040. For that year regis-'
'tration figures are not Instructive or
suitable for comparison because regis
tration 'was well under way when the
Progressive party was formed. But in
1914, although the voting population
of Oregon had nearly doubled through
adoption of equal suffrage, the Pro
gressive registered but 7737 voters.
For its candidate for Governor the
Progressive party cast 6129 votes. For
the Progressive candidate, for United
States Senator there were cast 26,220
votes, but that total was without party
;' significance, for the candidate had
supported Mr. Wilson in 1912 and was
considered a Progressive only for cam-
paign purposes.
A more striking revelation is found
in a comparison of the several party
votes for Governor in 1914 with the
"party votes for President in 1912.
Whereas, Mr. Taft received 34.673,
pMr. Withycombe, two years later, re
ceived 121,037; whereas Mr. Wilson
received 47,064 in 1912, Dr. Smith two
years later received 94,594. Here
were marked increases due not only to
-the addition of the woman's vote, but
to the disintegration of the Progress-stye
party. As already stated, Mr.
...Roosevelt polled 37,600 votes in 1912,
'.but his party's candidate for Governor
received but 6129 votes two years
Jater.'
The vote of 1912 is not a poll of
: nil the voters in Oregon who admire
j-Mr. Roosevelt's forcefulness and men
tal qualities. There are thousands
more who hold him in respect and
admiration but will not follow his
leadership Into strange political by-ways.
What is true in Oregon is true
-elsewhere. Colonel Roosevelt must
. now know this and that only the most
improbable circumstances will put
the breath of life into the new party.
Meanwhile Colonel Roosevelt, in
stead of living in doubt as to condi
tions in 1916, could help create some
."very desirable conditions conditions
that would secure a progressive trend
to Republican policies and encourage
; the success of the Republican princi-
pies which he has so long supported.
THE SONS OF THJ5 REVOLUTION.
As Dr. Boyd suggested in his ser
mon, the Sons of the American Revo-
lution stand for the old traditions of
.loyalty and patriotism upon which this
.Republic was founded. Their fore
fathers fought in the revolutionary
war. The members of this society
'-therefore descend from true Ameri
cans if there ever were any and to
them the genuine feelings of the
founders have been handed down.
. To the Sons of the Revolution the
' flag is still worth fighting for, be
cause their fathers died for it. Their
eyes see in its folds something more
than a "bundle of colors." It is a
symbol to them of all the grandeur
of our country's history. When the
Declaration of Independence was
signed the men who risked "their
lives, their fortunes and their sacred
honor" in that great deed went on
record as champions of human lib
erty. They made the flag stand for
that ideal at Saratoga and Yorktown.
For that ideal it has always stood, and
the man who casts scorn upon it today
scorns by his act the sacred devotion
of Washington and Franklin.
American liberty and the flag that
- wywrbolizes it are indeed stilt worth
fighting for. The doctrine that we
should meekly lie down under every
insult and submit to every wrong Is
neither moral nor sensible.. There Is
a difference as wide as' the world be
tween a martial nation and a militar
ist nation. We Americans were a
martial nation when the embattled
farmers marched to Lexington and
Brandywine. Every citizen was then
a potential soldier. He was strong
of body, self-reliant in character, hab
ituated to the use of weapons. His
fearless independence was part of his
martial spirit.
Slaves may be consummate mili
tarists, but never such warriors as our
revolutionary forefathers, who were
ready to die rather than suffer injus
tice, and bowed their proud heads to
no potentate but the Almighty. They
won their rights and ours by fighting.
It may happen that we must preserve
them by fighting, or else lose them.
Which shall we choose to do when the
crisis comes? If we decide to fight
how can we carry out our resolution
unless we are a robust and martial
Nation with the physical and moral
vigor to back our stand?
WHICH WILL YIELD?
The. Lusitania was destroyed and
her crew and passengers drowned in
deliberate assertion by Germany of
her superior right to ignore the public
law, which requires visit and search
of vessels and an opportunity for all
non-combatants aboard to escape.
Germany has in no wise abandoned
her position in her diplomatic corre
spondence with the United States, nor
given any assurance of a willingness
or purpose to modify her submarine
policy.
On the contrary, ' Germany gives
notice again to the world, by her at
tack on the Orduna, that her destruc
tive warfare op British shipping is to
continue, no matter how much the in
terests and rights of neutrals may be
involved.
The United States has definitely af
firmed the rights of American citizens
to travel on British or other belliger
ent merchant vessels, on lawful er
rands, and has denounced any attempt
at abbreviation of such rights as a
clear violation of international law.
The Issue is plainly drawn. Kither
Germany must yield, or the United
States must yield. If the United States
yields, it will concede that a neutral
has no rights which a belligerent may
not with impunity violate. If Ger
many, yields it will surrender the only
effective weapon it has been, able to
use against Great Britain on the seas.
The next step of President Wilson,
it will be seen, is full of the gravest
potentialities.
THE TWO PORTLANDS AGAIN.
The Oregonian reprints the follow
ing comparison between the Port
lands of Maine and Oregon for what
ever of interest it may tie in a city
which faces hopefully the problems
of prohibition:
Portland In Maine Is a prohibition town;
that is. nominally. The state Is prohibition
and therefore every city in It Is supposedly
prohibition : but last month It was an
nounced In a New York paper that three
new bars had been niwn.H I n t .
city. It is a well-kaown fact that no dlfft-
un, ucimi ne experienced in getttnsr any
number of "nips" In Portland. Sit, day or
night. In hotel, dime store nr mi-At,nH v.-
corner." There were 400(5 arrests for drunk-
wuiusa in Litr.1 city in JH13.
Portland. Or., liaa nnw ".an it.,..,
loons, anrl.of course, a proportionate number
of drunks and arrests: but on January 1
1916. a new law goes into effect which will
uoc mi eitry one. for Oregon has voted
for prohibition, and tha two Portlands will
V,eas ,dry' '"PPOsedly. as a burnt bone.
hat Portland. Or, la Just now asking of
Portland. Me.. Is to please let the younger
city know some of Its tricks of evasion and
now it can prohibit liquor and have It.
Portland in Maine, it seems, takes
Its prohibition philosophically, and
not too seriously, while the younger
Portland takes the imminence of pro
hibition seriously and not too philo
sophically. Through a wise provision of the
state law, those citizens of Oregon
who feel that they cannot yet part
company with their toddy or highball,
a schooner, or whatever it Is Yhat
they feel they must have, are to be
permitted to import a certain quan
tity of liquor each month twenty
four quarts of malt or two quarts of
spirituous liquors. It may be a lit
tle easier In Oregon than in Maine
to keep the law and have liquor, too.
It is doubtless true that the reason
Portland in Maine has open bars and
other unlawful places at which liquor
is dispensed is that Portland does not
want the prohibition law enforced.
In Oregon it may be different. Again,
it may not be.
OX THE EASTERN FRONT.
The present German offensive, now
driving against the Russian defensive'
positions in Poland and Courland, is
on a vast scale far larger than the
operations in Galicia. The Russians
have had little time in which to or
ganize to meet the . superior German
concentrations.
Von Hindenburg to the north of
Warsaw and Von Mackensen to the
south, according to late reports, have
forced back the Russian lines. Should
these .German armies continue to ad
vance, the Russian hold of Warsaw
becomes a hazardous one.
Undoubtedly the Russians, if they
fail to check the Teutons north and
south of Warsaw, will retire to the
east, rather than suffer any consider
able Russian force to be encircled
there. Warsaw itself is strongly for
tified and has withstood one deter
mined attack by the Germans.
It is quite significant that late dis
patches from the Russian front men
tion the presence of heavy Russo
French artillery, thus indicating that
the Russians are receiving needed as
sistance from their allies, the French.
Some days ago reports from the Ser
bian front mentioned the presence of
British troops. No doubt they consist
of heavy artillery organizations, of
which the Serbians are greatly in
need.
Now would appear to be the time
for a general advance by the allies in
France and Belgium, but indications
are that the allies are still unable to
bring on a general offensive that
might relieve the pressure on the
Russians.
Russia will in all probability lose
Warsaw, and retiring east, attempt to
keep her army intact. Time fights
with the Russians, and the capture
of Warsaw unaccompanied by heavy
losses in men and munitions might
Indeed be a barren victory for the
Kaiser.
Withal Germany is able to concen
trate enormous forces on the east
front and yet to hold her positions in
the west. It is the most conducive
demonstration yet made, of German
resourcefulness and preparedness.
There Is a disposition on part of certain
Oregon newspapers and politicians to make
any kind of disposition of those Oregon &
California Railroad lands, just so the action
Is not In accordance with Former-Oovernor
West s views on the subject. Salem Capital
Journal.
We rather think Congress will dis
pose of the lands in its own fashion,
without reference to the views of ex
Governor West and perhaps of sundry
other citizens who have ideas on the
subject. But it is well enough not to
forget that the railroad lands are still
railroad lands, for the Supreme Court
has confirmed the title to the grant
of the original grantee, subject to
certain conditions of sale. It may be
surmised that the railroad company
will not be altogether silent as to the
manner in which the lands shall
finally be dis'posed of.
CALLTORNLV'g PART.
An aggrieved citizen, who has Just
returned from a month's tour of Cali
fornia, with incidental visits to the
San Francisco and San Diego exposi
tions, writes to complain in this wise:
One may go from one end of California
to the other ana he will hear no good word
for Oregon from California people. He may
hear nythlng bad. Indeed. The truth is that
he hears nothing at all. California utterly
ignores us.
What does the. Oregon visitor ex
pect California to do more than it lias
done? Oregon has been given a prom
inent place at San Francisco, and it
has a full opportunity to proclaim its
own. many merits from its own house
top on the exposition grounds. If
Oregon falls, it will be Oregon's own
fault.
To get the California viewpoint, it
Is to be considered that It has invested
S20.000.000 or more In the San Fran
cisco Fair, and a somewhat smaller
sum at San Diego. California will not
get Its millions back, except In the
world's appreciation and good will.
California seems content with its re
ward, .perhaps because it must be.
California has played a great and
generous role in its magnificent ex
position. It deserves well of all Amer
ica, for it has done for America what
ought to have been done by America
celebrated fittingly the comple
tion of a great American enterprise,
the Panama Canal.
WHY BIRDS MIGRATE.
The migration of birds Is'one of the
great nasteries of the world. Bryant
was moved to compose one of his
sweetest poems by the sight of a flock
of waterfowl wending herr flight
"mid falling dew" to some far-off
land. A solitary bird in advance ot
the great army of the air reminded
him of the soul which must, in the
same way. pursue its flight through
the unknown depths- of space
whither?
Some scientists connect the annual
migration of the birds with the glacial
period. In that remote age the land
of the northern regions was covered
Aith ice and such inhabitants, human
and sub-human, as had not perished
in the great catastrophe were driven
to the tropics. The climate at the
equator and thereabouts may then
have bev?n not unlike a northern
Spring and in the course of thousands
of years the birds became habituated
to that atmospheric condition. In the
lapse of time the glaciers began to
recede northward and temperate con
ditions followed them, while at the
same time the tropical regions grew so
much warmer that the birds found
them uncomfortable for at least part
of the year.
But with the advent of Winter In
their new home they were constrained
to seek the south again. This theory
makes migration depend upon a
search for temperate climatic condi
tions. Just as flies move automati
cally toward a lighted window in a
dark room so the hirds, without con
scious psychism, collect and depart
southward when frosts sear the Au
tumn leaves, returning again with the
sun in Spring. This makes the migra
tory instinct a sort of "troplsrh." It
Is purely mechanical, depending on
the environing conditions.
Make the proper combination of
metal and acid and an electric current
will flow along the connecting wlje. In
the same way a proper combination
of conditions sets up the migratory
tropism in birds. There is really no
more mystery about it than in almost
everything else around us. The fact
of the matter is that the commonest
things resolve into mysteries the mo
ment we begin really to think about
them. We understand how events
happen, but not why.
OCR LATEST MOBILIZATION.
Mobilization of our inventors to de
vise new machines of offense and de
fense in war may prove to be a most
Important movement. Should such
men as Mr. Edison direct their in
ventive genius into the channels of
military research, we almost tremble
to think of the results. In the field
of Invention our American scientists
have held the lead for some decades,
finding their inspiration and impetus
in economic and industrial necessity.
Now should grim Mars call them un
der his spell, what wonderful devices
of slaughter may w not look for?
Evolving engines of war ought to
prove rather a simple problem to the
inventor of a thousand wanders such
as have sprung from the fertile brain
of Mr. Edison. The makers of our
great industrial and commercial con
trivances ought to have no dlficulty
constructing guns that would out
range the 4 3-centimeter monsters of
the Germans. Nor should they have
to give a great deal of thought to the
problem of perfecting a submarine
that will outdo the German terror of
the seas.
However, such Is the diversity and
subtlety of American inventive genius
that, should attention be directed in
tensely into military and naval fields,
we may expect something different
from mere bulk in guns. The Amer
ican inventor is nothing if not original
in his methods. Very often he is
startling. So -we may expect Mr.
Edison, should he enter In earnest
upon this new work, to busy himself
with some strange new device for
coping with modern machines of war.
Possibly he can devise an instrument
for detecting the presence of subma
rines, even when they are submerged,
so that vessels may evade them before
they reach the 'range of torpedo fire.
Perhaps, even, a device can be per
fected for exploding or sinking sub
marines by the sending out of sub
marine electrical or chemical waves.
Certainly the field Is a tremendous
one, and there Is no endeavor Into
which the energies of our Inventive
men can be directed with greater
value to America, these troublous
days.
While noting with satisfaction the
casual efforts to interest our men of
inventive brains in these warlike
problems, we are nevertheless struck
by the lack of any broad attempt to
solve the problems of American de
fenselessness a defense le 8 sness
which, in a manner, surpasses that of
Belgium at the time she was overrun
by Germany. Even the most casual ob
server must have observed the chang
ing viewpoint of the great American
public toward National insurance.
But this new attitude, this general
awakening from fancied security and
provincialism, has not yet found ex
pression in any concerted effort to
do something. Naval, military and
Administration circles seem strangely
dormant except for occasional alarm
Ing utterances on the general situa
tion. It would seem that at least we
might have had a board of great men
to wrestle with these problems and
seek .to find a solution a solution
peculiarly fitted to our needs. By
this it is not meant that a. board of
Army officers should have been
turned loose on the problem. Army
thought usually manages to renter
about the idea of increasing tho army
by a. few units so as to give a few
files to officers anxiously marking
time for . promotion. Rather, there
should be at work these days a board
of broad-gauge men, with a leaven
ing of Army officers to provide the
tactical data, for the purpose of de
termining Just what we need in the
way of military force.
Inasmuch as our economic life is
such that a large standing Army Is
out of the question, the way to pro
vide a sufficient reserve force seems
to be the real problem for such' a
board. How to raise a million men.
armed and equipped, on brief notice;
how to recruit to war strength In
short order the units now organized;
how to render the organized militia
more effective and available for Im
mediate service In any part of the
world; how to weld tho forces we
now possess and such forces as we
shall acquire Into larger units of di
visions and corps in short, the hun
dred and one details of military pre
paredness which we have completely
neglected all these things ere mut
ters for the biggest minds In the coun
try at this time. Needless to soy,
nothing of the sort is being done. We
hear that the War Department is
working on some sort of a plan, but
we know In advance what form War
Department plans will take a few
more units and files for the Army.
It is, indeed, pleasing to note the
efforts to Interest our Inventors and
scientific men. But this movement
should be carried farther and there
should be some broad-gauge effort to
thresh out both military and naval
problems, so that our necessities along
these lines may be presented before
the American people, public sentiment
awakened and Congress forced to give
heed.
The New York Evening Sun Is
racking its brains over this sum: "A
man buys a pair of shoes for $3.50.
sells them' to B for J2 and then buys
another pair for S3. 50. How much
loes he lose?" This problem is one of
the sly sort devilish sly. like Joey
Bagstock. It omits to say that the
man had a year's wear out of his
first pair before selling them, so that
he really lost nothing but is 12 ahead
at the expense of the wretched B.
A contemporary observes that "the
Balkan states have no quarrel with
Germany." which Is true in the same
sense that Odysseus" men In the cave
had no quarrel with the Cyclops who
ate one of them every night. The
Balkan states are predestinated to ab
sorption by the Pan-Germanlsts. whose
empire, if they can have their way.
will extend from the Baltic to India
without a break.
A revised estimate of New York's
population makes it five and a quar
ter millions. Some rooters are cha
grined at the figure. They thought It
should be six millions. But New York
has people enough in all conscience,
such as they are. It might be the part
of wisdom back there to cease mul
tiplying scrubs for a while and pay
some attention to grading up the herd.
Tha Constitutions! rights of American cit
izens should protect them on our borders
and to with them throughout tha world, and
every American citizen residing or having
property In any foreign country ta entitled
to and must be given the full protection ot
the United States Government, both for him
self and his property. From the Democratic
National platform of 1012.
An expression that has a peculiar
relevancy to affairs Mexican and other
affairs international just now.
Anthony Comstock'a views upon
purity are worthless because he knows
nothing about it. His mind is a mass
of putridity and he therefore always
sees something indecent where normal
eyes discern nothing but beauty. His
dictum that the statues at San Fran
cisco should be draped Is the gib
berish of a senile imbecile.
Time has come to let the women do
the work In certain lines in England
and Germany, and the mortality rield
assures their retention when peace
shall have come. This is real eman
cipation as opposed to the Pankhurst
article.
A man east of the mountains has
Just sold his crop of wheat at 90
cents. He refused $1.40 last Fall. His
comfort Is that he docs not hjive to
buy gasoline for the automobile ho did
not buy with the difference.
Things are getting worse In Great
Britain. Government has stopped
treating and putting it on the slate.
These were inalienable rights, along
with wlfebeating and othe diversions.
Charge it to the Germans.
Very likely German plotters brought
on the Remington strike and another
disaffection of the Welsh miners. Any
thing that interrupts progress of the
Allies must be of Teutonic origin.
Can a National committee of laun
drymen order buttons replaced on
shirts and the saw-teeth removed from
collars? If not, for why these gath
erings? When will the chronicler of local
events cease to say a young man "has
accepted a position." when all the
youth did waa to grab the Job?
The Austrian submarine Is some
thing to be considered at last. Ital
ians will not think It a Joke now that
they lose a large warship.
Growers are beginning to advertise
for hoppickera and offer SO cents.
That is not enough, but it Is all the
picker will get.
President Wilson did something
that many less-paid men will not Imi
tate. He worked through his vaca
tion. A row In a meeting now and then
Informs tho public that Anthony Cora
stock is still alive and on the Job.
If Lloyd George mixes In and uses
the proper language with the Welsh
men, he will end the strike.
Long-distance forecasting no rain
for a month. Do not waste the Bull
Run water.
What can you expect during July
but warm weather 7
European War Primer
By Natloaal Geographical Society.
Wlndau. whence an attack of a Ger
man squadron was reported as being
repulsed tl.e other day. la Russia's At
lantic City, tho place where tha ltui
sian family of moderate Income goes
to spend the vacation period. Before
the outbreak of the war it- had suc
ceeded' in winning quite a reputation
as a bathing resort, and increasing
numbers of Summer-wearied business
men from Petrograd found their way
each year to its strand. Besides its
profits from seasonal visitors. Windau
also enjoyed a considerable commerce
with other ports upon the Baltic.
Riga, the first commercial harbor of
the Baltic provinces, lies 110 miles
away, west-southwest. Libau, tha Rus
sian naval station, now held by the Uer
m&n Invaders, lies about 70 miles to
the south, and la a point about midway
between Windau and Menu-I. W lndau
la connected with Kiga and Milau by
rail. It is situated on tha River Win
dau. on a coast exposed to sea attacks.
It has a population of 10.000. few of
whom are Russian.
The harbor of Windau In a conven
ient one for Russian blockade runners,
laden with goodsfrom Swedish ports. It
Is free from Ice almost all the year
around and its peace-time trade had
reached tome Importance. The annual
Imports of Windau have totaled as high
as Jt. 000. 000. while it has exported
warea In amounts varying between
$5.000,000 and $12,000,000 a year, (drains,
timber and other agricultural produce
have made up the bulk of Its exports,
and its imports have been largely man
ufactured goods.
Windau la an old Lettish town. Its
eppcaranre tCMliflea to its age. which
Is underscored for the rare visitor by
its entire lack of those modern con
veniences that make present-day city
life worth living. And Itlga. Just 10
miles away, is probably the moat mod
ern city In all Russia. Most Interest
ing of Its relics Is the old castle of
Windau. built In i:90.
In Revat. the remaining Russian
naval station upon the Baltic Sea. the
T.ar possesses a strong, convenient
war harbor, doubly protected by its
deeply indented bay and by Us posi
tion upon the narrowa of the Gulf of
Finland.
The development of Reval as a great
naval base Is a matter of recent years,
iteval has always been more or leas
fortified, but Its present formidable
works date from the decision of the
Russian admiralty that Libau was too
near the German bordera to be depend
able aa the first naval base of the em
pire upon the Baltic. Libau waa main
tained aa an Important base; ita de
fenses were made aa strong aa pos
sible; Its shipyards and military fac
tories were built up; but Iteval. secure
in ita fastness In Russian waters, be
came headquarters of Russian naval
strength In the west.
Reval ia also the capital of the gov
ernment of Eiithonia. It lies upon tho
Bay of Reval. a deep, roomy Inlet of
the Gulf of Finland. The seaport is
about 230 ml lea wct-soulhwet of Pet
rograd, with which city It la connected
by a well-built trunk line railway.
By night express Reval la 11 hours
from l'ctrograd and IS hours by water;
thus reinforcements and supplies could
be quic' ly thrown Into this important
base in case of need. Riga lira nearly
200 miles due south of Reval. Botli
coasts along the Gulf of Finland are
Irregular and the narrows are well
adapted to defensive purpose a.
Helaingfors. Finland's great seaport.
Is Just opposite to Reval. with which
It carries on a considerable trade. Reval
has been Important both aa a rommer
clal.and as a fortified harbor ever since
western civilization penetrated to It
ai)d to ita Interland. It did an annual
aggregate trade before the outbreak
of hoatilitlea of well over $ 30.000. 0"0.
thus taking the position of t.hird rank
among the Baltic ports of Russia. Spir
its, grains, animals, flax, butter, wool,
hemp, timber and game birds are Ita
principal articles of export. Ita Im
ports are cotton., coal, petroleum and
manufactured wares. Reval manufac
tures some machinery and considerable
ber and adds to the balance sheet of
Ita profits by a regular influx of Sum
mer bathera.
Ita population before the war waa
about 70.000. of whom more than half
were Eathoniana and nearl 30 per
cent Germans. Since the loss of Libau
to the Germans this population has
probably Increased by a number of
worl: ;rs for the development of naval
yards to take the place of those lost
to the enemy. During recent yeara
Iteval has becoma well acquainted with
Its battleships, for a squadron of cruis
ers, battleships and destroyera has
generally been held there. Moreover,
target practice has been held In the
offing every Summer, the great guna
pointing toward Finland.
.
The city Is divided Into two parts
Domberg. or Cathedral Hill, and that
part of the town upon the beach. The
lover and the upper towns have thrlr
own administrations. The crag upon
which tho upper town la built was oc
cupied in the early middle ages by an
Ksthonian fort. Lindanlsoa. Valdemar
II. King of the Danes, credited with
being the founder of Reval. built a
church and a strong castle here in L!l.
Dansa merclianta came, settled hero
and builded a flourishing trade. Early
In the 14th century it waa rortificd
and since then It has withstood many
slegea and bombardments both by sea
and by land. Ita fanciful old battle
ments, its meandering. war-worn,
weather-beaten atreets. Its battered
citadel and donjon, which the cannon
shot of Swedes and Russians searched
and scarred its centuries-old buildings.
Its ancient archives and many other
testimonials of the past, make the
quaint old city and the modern deadly
stronghold of unusual Interest to the
peaceful tourist.
THOlKHTS SOLELY OF IMMVIDl AL
laflueare of Foale Derlaloa Wom
anhood Ignored by yanpat hlaera.
PORTLAND. July IS (To the Edi
tor.) Allow me to congratulate you
on the clarity of vision shown In your
editorial on "Society and Sympathy."
Although greatly respecting Judge
Gatena. the writer believes that his
Judgment In tho Fowle case was biased
by women who. thinking pitifully of
the Individual, failed to comprehend
tho far-reaching Influence of aucH a
decision on the womanhood of Oregon.
Similar Instances have been recorded
In the newspapers until one marvels at
the pains taken for the conservation
of the unfit, while so little attention Is
paid to the welfare of the hardwork
ing, self-respecting women and men.
If the cold-blooded killing of a day
old child ran be condoned because done
by a woman. It Is easy to understand
the complacency with which society
viewed the murderer who helped her
paramour pa:k their vlctlm'a body in
a trunk.
In accepting equal political privi
leges tho women of Oregon should be
willing to accept equal responsibilities.
If they desire a single standard of
morality It would be well not to make
that standard lower than the one gen
erally accepted l.v the men.
MRS. SARAH HI.VDS WILDER.
1S95 Thjrourn avenue.
Hunt for New I too ma.
Boston Transcript.
Owens My landlord has ordered me
out because I cannot pay my rent.
Bowens Glad I met you. So has
mine. Let's change quarters.
Safety Flrat ana Ure.
ICxchnnge.
Safety So Jack Is engaged. Is he?
And la Fanny the bride-to-be?
First No; she ia the tried-to-be.
DOXT SPRAY FOR FIRE BLIGHT
Radical Treatnseat Necessary, ?)i
Secretary of State Hoard.
PORTLAND. July IS (To the Edi
tor.) In The Oregonian. July II there
was published an article by Francis E.
Black wood-West, under tho heading,
"Apple Tree Blight and Its Cure De
scribed." which ia likely to cause great
damage and losa to fruitgrowers If
Ignored by those who know tho errors
It contains At the present time the
disease commonly called fire blight or
Par blight la spreading rapidly
through the Willamette Valley, and as
fruitgrowers In this Valley are not fa
miliar with tho disease anil few of
them know how to deal with It. the
published statement that the disease
can bo checked by immediate apraylng
and finally eradicated by Spring spray
ing la likely to do very great Injury.
In hia article Mr. lilack wood-West
has combined tha descriptions of two
wholly different and distinct diseases.'
fire blight and leaf bllrtit. Fire blight
Is caused by the bacillus imvlovoruj
and U a bacterial disease. The leaf
blight, which he appears to have as
sumed to be IdentUl with tire blight.
Is caused by a fungous organism,
tiypnehnus ochrolencus tNonok). Tho
flrM five paragraphs of Mr. Blarkwood
Wesi's article are taken practically
verbatim from the book. "Diseases of
Cultivated Plants and Trees." bv
George-AIassee. pages SIS and ll!. and
are In the book shown to be based upon
Cornell University Experiment Station
Bulletin. No. 236. by II. II. Wbetxel.
This book does rot. however, suggest
any treatment or remedy for fire blight.
The sixth, paragraph cf Mr. Black-wood-Weat'a
article Is probably orig
inal. On pages 392 and SSI of Massees
"Dcaaes of Cultivated 1" I an is and
Trees" there Is a description of tho
fungous disease, Hjporhnus ochrolen
cus (Noack). which causes a leaf blight
on apple, pear, quince, plum and other
orchard fruits. Puragrnp'i.s seven and
eight of Mr. IUark wood-West's article
are taken from pages 392 and SSI of
tho book just mentioned, but with
omissions which wholly change the
meaning and make Mr. Blackwood
West's statement, as published, false
and dangeroua. On page SSI the book
clearly points out the distinction be
tween fire blight and the leaf bllKht In
question so far as appearances go. The
book states as a distinctive character
istic of the leaf bltght that at a certain
stage tho leaves fall away, leaving tho
twigs naked.
Mr. Black wood-Went states that "In
flro blight the leaves that are dead
usually stind erect or fall away and
leave the twlga naked." The first part
of his stat-ment is correct and follow
the book, but he omits tho intervening
portion from the book, which states
that it is the leaf blight which -au. s
the leaves to fall away and leave the
twigs nnked. As a matter of fact,
leave which have died from fire blight
usually hang on tenaciously.
In t!ie 1m paragraph of his article
Mr. Blackwood-West says:
It Is well known that this paras ie. being
entirely superficial upon the tiCm and not
depending urxn spores to spread thk di'iw
can b checked Immediately bv pravinc'
snd flna:iy eradicated by spraying again
In tho early Spring. In Brasll and Ausualta
this d ,-. has been well checked and
r radicated.
He makes this statement clearly aa
applying to fire blight. The book be
fore mentioned sny.i of the leaf blight
before named:
It Is considered that the parasite, being
entirely superficial upon tha twigs, and de
pending but to a slight degree upon spores
mfu'd bn checked and destroyed by sura
Ing In tha Spring.
It la possible that fire blight occurs
In Australia, but there la good author
ity for stating It has never been found
outside of North America.
Fire blight does damage to the ex
tent of millions of dollars per year in
the United States. Our most able plant
pathologists have studied the disease
with great care. They are agreed that
tho disease cannot bo prevented,
checked materially nor cured by any
kind of spraying. The man who ex
pects to cure the disease by spraying
will allow his own orchard to go to
ruin and spread the dlaease to the or
chards of his neighbors. The fire
blight was found In Jackson County.
Ortgon. about eight years a:o and
some of the orchardista lost nearly all
of their trees because they thought
spraying would prevent the spread of
the disease. By vigorous enforcement
of the laws In that county at an ex
pense to the county of about $15,000
per year and a coyt of several times
that much to growers, the disease has
been checked and Is now doing com
paratively little damage, whereas
without tho thorough and systematic
light which has been made the very
valuable pear industry of that county
would before this have been ruined,
and the apple Industry would have been
mo.t severely crippled.
The following recommendations for
treatment of this disease are condensed
from Bulletin No. 272 of Cornell I'ni
verslty on "Fire Bllrnt of Pears. Ap
ples. Quinces, etc.." and from circular
bulletin No. 7 of the Oregon Arrlcul
tural College on "Fire Blight of Pear
and Apple."
Cut out all casea of holdover can
kera whenever they appear, cutting
well Into healthy tissues. Disinfect the
tools used and the wounds with cor
rosive sublimate solution, one part to
1000 of water, equivalent to one tablet
to a pint of water. When cutting off
diseased limbs, cut at least a foot be
low where tho Injury shows. Burn all
wood cut away. During tho growing
season Inspect every tree at least once
a week. Break out and burn all blos
som spurs that show disease. Hub ofr
as fast as they appear all water sprouts
and shoots that appear on the trunk
and main limbs of tho trees. Cut out
as fast as they appear all blighted
twics. disinfecting too and wounds
with corrosive sublimate solution and
burning the cuttlnes.
At this time of tho year one should
look with suspicion upon twigs which
are dying buck from tho tlj- nn.l on
fruit spurs which have died and to
which the blackened fruit adheres.
Cankera from which there la an ooie
are to be suspected. Anyone who sus
pects the presence of fire blight and la
not familiar with the dLsraso should at
once send specimens of the diseased
twlga or branches to the Oregon Ag
ricultural Collete. Corvallls. Any per
son who discovers the disease In a lo
cality In which It has not before been
found should at once notify the county
horticultural Inspector of hia county.
The treea most likely to be affei-tfed
are quince, pear, hawthorn, apple and
mountain ash. All treea whose fruit Is
like that of the apple are subject to the
disease, and It is said that some varie
ties of plums nnd apricots are occa
sionally attacked.
Fuller Information about this diaease
can be obtained from the tireeon At
rlcultural College and from the t'nited
states Department of Agriculture
Washington. D. C.
H. M. WILLIAMSON.
Secretary State Board o( Horticulture,
lawyers la Portland.
AIKLIE. Or.. July 18. (To the Edi
tor.) Will ou give me. tbrouch the
columns of The Oregonian. 'the namea
of tho two lawyers that you consider
to be the leading lawyers of Portland?
SI T.SCR1RKK.
There are many thoroughly compe
tent and reliable lawyers In Portland.
It would be singularly out of place for
Tho Oregonian to express an opinion
on their respectivo qualifications or !
volume of practice.
Ctaarohea la Corvallla.
PORTLAND. July 1. (To the Edl- J
tor.) Kindly Inform me If there are I
Christian and Congregational churches
at Corvallls. and which has the largest
membership. . READER.
Both denominations have churches In i
Corvallls. Wo are not advised as to '.
membership.
Twenty-Five Year Aro
Prom The Oregonian of July SO. ISShi.
London. Wlnfleld Scott, ton cf the
General, la In 1inJoii, on Ms way home
from Russia. Scott thinks that any
railway organization that may he
undertaken In Caucasus or in Siberia
will be made a monopoly by the Rus
sian government.
Phoenix. Aria. July 17. Ooneral Nel
son A. Miles, accompanied by an aide-de-camp,
arrived here today to consult
with Governor WolfUy In reference to
the Indian depredations and troubles on
the border. The General leaves tor
Nniralea in the morning, where he will
meet the Governor of Sonora. He de
clines to speak of Indian affairs or of
the Presidential candidacy.
The dispatch from Salein in The Ore
gonian Friday concerning a farmer he
lnr killed by a wild hog was a little
mixed. It was the hog that died. The
brute was an enormous specimen of th
porcine tribe run wild, and had been
the terror of the nelshborhood. and
the plucky farmer lay in wait for bint
after risht and killed the animal after
a hard tussle.
The annual convention of Sheriffs cf
Oregon Is to be held at Salem Mond.
Sheriff Crnlsan haa letters from manv
officers, stating their intention to he
present.
Jack rmp.ey gave an athletic ex
hibition at Rrotherhood Park. St. Ixuis.
on the Fourth, which proved anvthlng'
but a success. There was a slim at
tendance Pempsey and Gorman put
on the gloves and went at it hammer
and tongs. The sparring had con
tinued about ten minutes when a police
sergeant appeared. Peinpi-ey at once
broke away and beiran pounding a sand
bag under a shed. This fare,, was kept
up for some little time, hut the crowd
soon tired of this and soon meandered
sadly away.
Manager William neShellcy, of the
Ca.lno Theater, has gone East.
Georse S. Downing, superintendent or
the penitentiary at Salem. as In the
city esteiday buying supplies.
Mr?. Charles Walter St-!j?on. grand
daughter of Lyman Beecher. and Grace
Kllery Channlng. crandnieco of tho
famous I'nltarlan mlnlsier. have be n
engaged by Charles Frohnian to write
a play for him. to he produced at the
Lyceum Theater next Winter.
Otto Goldschmldt 1 busily encaged
In writing a life of his wife, the late
Jenny Linri.
The "Centenary Orchestra" will ren
der some choice pieces in the Centenary
Church this evening.
Articles of incorporation were yes
terday filed with the clerk of "the
County Court by the Boston ilioe t
Leather Couioanv by K. A. Forbes. 1. A.
McCrnm. W. V. S;..-ncer. Kuaune Protz.
man. F rank I'ekiim. A. P. I e Ijn. L. L.
MrArlhur. B. A. Oake. J. l. Cook and
C. N. Wait, Messrs. Cook and Oakes
have been appointed to receive sub
scriptions for stock.
Half a Century Ago
Prom The Oreson:n of July ;0. :i6i
Throuah the kindness of tha O. S. N.
Co. their best boats and cara. on the
lino of the Columbia River, have been
reserved for a special trip in honor of
the distinguished visitors to our state
Speaker Colfax. Lieutenant -Governor
Bross. Mr. Bowles and Mr. Richardson.
The latest information from Eastern
papers In relation to the new Missouri
constitution seems to establish the fact
of Ita adoption by at least 6000 ma
jority. Passengers who arrived at Washing
ton on June 15. by the train from Fair,
fax Courthouse, reported that the rebels
had destroyed the monuments erected
last week upon the Bull Hun battle
fields. General Gamble's men. who
built the monuments. threatened to
leave no vestla of civilization for 20
square miles.
New- York. July S Inquiries at tho
White House thi.i evening elicited the
fact that the health of the President
Is now worse than at any other time
during the period of his present Illness.
Surgeon-tjeneral Fames has been called
In to consult with Dr. Burroughs.
Washington. The money order office
system Is to be Increased to 40 of.ices;
principally In the Western states.
Measures have been taKen to extend
the system to the Pacific Coast. The
result of the experiment so fjr Is
satisfactory to the Post office depart
ment. Washington. July 7. All the con
demned conspirators sentenced to bo
hanged were executed today. Mrs. Sur
ra It was supported on the way to tho
gallows by two military officers. Next
to her followed Payne. Harrold and
Ataerott. It Is said Payne last night
made a statement exonerating Mra.
Surratt but Ih.yill died together.
"nctvrecBi I'ark Mouthful."
CLNTRALIA. Wash.. July IS. (Tn
tho Editor.) Kindly comment on tho
Phrase "t'etween each mouthful." ued
In a news Item In The Oregonian re
cently. This use of the word between
has become very common in speakinc.
but la rarely found in print: although
It must be confessed that Shakespearo
used it In thia manner, and the Liter
ary Ingest also gives it approval: but
It seems absurd to have it followed by
a singular noun. REAPER.
The expression may be considered per
missible on the assumption that It la
an abbreviation of "between each
mouthful and the next." But. In any
event, usaae Is niperlor to analytical
conception of a w ord a meaning, and
usage fully Just If iex the expression.
Case of ormaaly.
PORTLAND. July IS. (To the Edi
tor.) To settle a dispute and in the
Interest of fair flay. please state
whether or not a dispatch to the State
Department from Liverpool quoted the
captain of the American ship Norman
dy as denying that a tierman subma
rine used hia vessel aa a shield before
torpedoing the cierman merchantman
Leo. MARTIN DCDEL.
The story told by the crew of the
Normandy was denied by the captain.
(rrnai Pay at Fair.
lORTLANP. July IS. (To the Edi
tor.) Kindly Inform roo Jut when
"German day" or "German week" Is
at the San Francisco Kxposition.
ADULT READER.
August S.
Mr. Retailer,
Co-Operate
You believe In newspaper adver
tising, do you not. Mr. Storekeeper?
Very well then, let the manufac
turers who sell your goods know It.
Tell them that if they advertlxe
In this newspaper It means business
for you.
Tell them you push newspaper
advertised gooda because there Is
demand for lh-m that you can see
and feel.
You are closer to the people ot
this city than yoor manufacturer ts.
The latter w ill be glad to get your
views he Is as anxious to sell gooda
aa you are.