12 LAUNDRYMEN HERE FOR SESSION TODAY Delegates Take Auto Ride on Scenic Route and Forget Costs War Produced. TWO CITIES ARE IN RACE 5Tliree Headquarters Busy Places All Iay and Visitors Cse Op portunity to Make Friends and "Women to Be Entertained. Enough laundrymen to make Port land a new "Spotless Town" distributed themselves among the three head quarters for delegates to the National Laundrymen's convention yesterday, and made merry regardless of the fact that the war In Europe has shot prices of many washing compounds higher than a runaway Zeppelin and wages for laundry labor have increased 100 per cent in the past few years. Perhaps one reason why they didn't let such serious things weigh their spirits down yesterday was because the business sessions of the convention are not to begin until this morning, and the laundrymen seem to be a crowd that is satisfied not to borrow trouble trom the future. The National Association delegates were theoretically at headquarters at the Multnomah Hotel, the Interstate Association delegates at the Imperial and the California and Montana dele gates at the Oregon. Automobile Rides Enjoyed. Theoretically only, however, for the delegates were dashing back and forth between the various headquarters all day long, exchanging greetings and sampling the supplies of cigars and re freshments that the local committees had provided at all places. They said that they were good at all places, by the way. ' Yesterday morning and afternoon the delegates were taken for auto rides to Crown Point and a buffet luncheon at the Automobile Club. ' Last night they were guests at an informal dinner and reception at the Multnomah Hotel. Never was seen in Portland- such an array of immaculate collars and shirt bosoms as one might note among the hundreds of visiting delegates yester day afternoon. Whatever may be one's experience with collars broken in the edge, he would have felt impelled to gaze with envy upon the beautiful, smooth, shining edges of the collars of the visiting laundrymen. As to the effect of the war upon prod ucts used in laundry work, the visitors were agreed that prices had been boosted. "Oxalic acid, potash and many other chemicals which we use in laundry work - have been increased greatly in price," said M. J. Mireau, of Cleveland, "and the cost of operating laundries has been much increased in this way. Wages also have increased tremendous ly within the past 10 years, and if there were no way to offset these influences, you would be paying lots more for your clean collars today than you did five years ago, or evena year ago. "The laundryman's method of offset ting these Influences Is to Increase the mechanical efficiency of his laundry and his system of handling laundry. The fact that they have been, in the main, able to do this steadily and successfully is indicated by the fact that there has been comparatively little increase in the prices of laundry in the past few years." The California delegation will bring a big grievance against the Oriental laundries before the convention, for the competition of this kind of laundry is strongly felt on the Pacific Coast. One movement will be for legislation to regulate the service of white women in Oriental laundries, which has been increasing lately until there are sev eral hundred white women employed in laundries in Oakland, San Francisco and other California cities. Delegate Plan to Get Convention. Cincinnati is coming out strong for the next National convention, and has sent to Portland a delegation of about 20. headed by S. B. Waters, ex-president of the National Association. The cam paign of Cincinnati for the convention began with the arrival of the first dele gates yesterday, and was carried on with enthusiasm at all three headquar ters. The only other competitor that has appeared thus far for the conven tion of 1916 is Kansas City, which is eaid to be preparing to make a fight for it. The laundrymen from .Chicago came In a special. In a party of about 80 under the leadership of C. M. Leary' eales manager for the Troy Laundry Machinery Company. Mr. Leary is mak ing up another party in Portland to go after the conyention, to San Francisco to visit the exposition. In the Chicago delegation is the big gest laundryman on record, according to his companions. He Is Olaf S. Sea borg, weighing 318 pounds, and his com- ueciare mat He is as much of a heavyweight in business as he is in body. The convention will open today in the Armory, and the programme for to day and tomorrow is as follows: Today. 10 A. M. Opening of convention at .Arm ,Te.h ,a!id Couch "et.. An invita tion, to the ladies to participate In the open ing ceremonies. Exhibit of allied tradf. ,Rh.d '.'er Show at tha Armo open to Women are requested to register at Information booth at the Armory w they will obtain a handsome souvenir 'tl mnll men t u-nftT - c , ' the here compliments of F. C. Stettler & Co th.,fhM,r:Aut0'?"b"e ride for the women through che residence portion of the citV A visit will be made to the Forestry build Ins, which will include a stop of 15 m - C 'TrfnT.n '""P"1"" the bSI 2 iyV T"P -will be continued to Willamette HelBhts. City Park. Portland Height, past Jlu.tnomah Club and New Library, out Sixth street over Terwilliger boulevard and re turn across to the East Side through L relhurst. Irvington and Peninsula Park .et? n.Bt" w' b made to enable the visitors to Inspect the sunken gardens, re turning by the Willamette boulevard. Broad way Bridge to Hotel Multnomah. w"! start Promptly at If P. M. from the fourth-street entrance of the Hotel oand b -'"'n'-hed by M. Moonlight trip upon the Willam ette and Columbia rivers: steamers Bailey t.atzert and Urahamona will leave foot of Alder street at 8 P. M. On account of C.ovornment regulations the number of pas sengers for each boat Is limited. Blue tickets will be honored only on steamer Bailey Gatiert and white tickets on the steamer Grahamona. Tuesday. 10 A. M. Convention assembles at the Armory. Special trolley trip for women to Bull Run Park. 2 P. M. Leave Multnomah Hotel at 2 T. M. ; First and Stark streets. 2:15 p. m. This trip will be very interesting and will paRS through a country that is more wild than is usually found on an interurban line. "You will also have a view of the virgin forest along the Big and Little Sandy rivers. Cars will be marked with signs displayed 'Laundrvmen's Special Car 8 P. M. Trip to the Oaks. Special service win ne provided rrom P. M., and every few minutes thereafter from First and Alder streets. Use your car tickets on the cars end your admission ticket at the Onks. Special concert, also vaudeville perform ance, will be provided. Cars return to city every 10 minutes. DELEGATES FROM MANY If ' ' :: Lr " ' . aa, I t 7 7 ' " " v- v , ; . , p)At A G v ! 1 tr - X;" ' A I I " v - ' 1 I ' k' ' ' ' - -if I . , ' V f " V - i. vaumri, oi uwki v '""" -'. oi hiih, . J, . . uarrctt, or the California Uelesatlon A, H. B. Waters. Head --"i-ioi ic cHuij, nan iarf, m inarse POST IS GIVEN OP James Horsburgh, Jr., Resigns From Southern Pacific. AUTO BUSNESS ENTERED Veteran General Passenger Agent and Imperial Valley Project "Dreamer" to Be Identified With "Willys-Overland Co. "Jimmie, you are a dreamer," once said J. C. Stubbs, railroad magnate, to a young fellow in the employ of the Southern Pacific Railroad a few years ago. "Well, Mr. Stubbs, did you ever know any big thing to be done that some body hadn't first dreamed about?" re plied Jimmie, and from the conversa tion thus started, the Southern Pa clfic's project of taking water from .the Colorado River and making the Imperial Valley of California what It Is today was developed. Jimmie. was James Horsburgh. Jr. famous general passenger agent of the Southern Pacific, and now after 40 years with the company as boy and man, Mr. Horsburgh has resigned from the company and will identify himself with the Willys-Overland Automobile Company. William McMurray, of Portland, gen eral passenger agent of the O.-W. R, & N. has recently received the news of the resignation of the veteran raili road man, and yesterday rehearsed a few of the accomplishments of Mr. Horsburgh during his association with the Southern, Pacific. Work for California Important. "So one has done more than Mr. Horsburgh to promote the interests of California," said Mr. McMurray yes terday. "He was first to get behind the Imperial Valley project; first to think of a 'Raisin day': Sunset Man zine was a product of his brain: he was the first to bring Luther Burbank into frequent and National prominence and, in the interest of horticultural advance. ne has cone innumerable things. colonization was one of his hob bles and his work In connection with federal co-operation in farmers In stitutes, demonstration trains and similar agencies has become far-famed It was Mr. Horsburgh who was active In Interesting publishers, writers and men of note in, the wonders of the West and in this way spreading the fame of the country. In fact no man In California has done more to attract tourists to the Western coast. Great Service Done Portland. "His advertising of the 'Road of a Thousand Wonders, the Shasta Route when $100,000 was spent to make the line famous, has become an epic. He did Portland inestimable service in that . campaign and he became well Known in this territory because he irequently visited here." Mr. Horsburgh conceived the' South ern Pacific building at the Panama-Pacific International Rxposition and the products were gathered under his direction. A few years ago Mr. Hors burgh passed through Portland nn hi. wedding trip when be Tislted places TTTE MORXTNG OltEGONTAN. CITIES ATTEND NATIONAL LA UN s. snurx, tbe -BIkeuI I.aiinclrr Rn on loimuoi J. irnon Myocr, oi san oi lie LSlCaSO IJrleBStlOn. along the Columbia River and at Hood River and Puget Sound points. tie has advised Mr. McMurrar that he will visit Portland soon in the in terest or his new work. Mr. Hors burgh will be the executive officer of the Willys-Overland Company with headquarters in San Francisco. He will have a family of 12.000 employes under bis care. Centralia Man Injured. CEXTRALIA, Wash., July 18. (Spe cial.) Ben L. Smith, employed In the McCormick Lumber Company's camp. sustained painful injuries when a bent- over sapling flew back and cut a three-Inch gash on his scalp, bruised his shoulder and caused Internal in juries. Canyonville Has Blaze. CANYON VILLE, Or., July 18. (Spe cial.) A house occupied by. Lee Yokum situated about two miles out of town was destroyed by fire shortly before noon today. The fire originated in the kitchen flue, and ignited the roof. The property belonged to . R. Stock, of this place. New York is said to have more telpohonA man Belgium, . Hungary. Italy. Holland. . r v y ana bwuzertana combined. GOVERNMENT ENGINEER ONCE HERE PROMOTED TO COLONELCY. Major James h Mrlmloe. Word has been received here to the effect that Major James F. Mclndoe. for a number of years one of the corps of United States engineers assigned to this dis trict, has been promoted to the rank of Colonel and has been transferred from his present post in Manila to some point on the Atlantic seaboard. Major Mclndoe left Portland a year ago last December, being transferred at that time time to there since. imily with f rice in this Manila. He has been th having taken his fat him. During the servi district he became well known s i engineering and commercial cil cles. When he left he left many friends. Prior to assuming' his new duties he will have a furlough of a few weeks, during which time he will visit relatives In Seattle. He will leave Manila on the next transport, coming to the United States and will pass through Portland on his way to Seattle. Mrs. Mclndoe and two of their children were in Port land last week, having left before Colonel Mclndoe. 1. 1 " MONDAY. D R YM EN'S CONVENTION, Keoord," and W. T. William. Itoth of Ulrso, Called the Sheriff of Shasta CHANGES ARE URGED Bar Association Committee Proposes New Court Rules. MEETING TO BE TUESDAY Suggestion Made That All Judge Serve In Rotation as Pres.ldln Orricer YVliose Duty It Shall Be to Assign AH Cases. Numerous changes In the procedure of the Multnomah Circuit Court are proposed by a system of court rules drawn up by a committee appointed by the Multnomah Bar Association. These rules will be discussed at a meeting of the association Tuesday evening In Judge Cleeton's courtroom. The plan of the association Is to assist the court In the framing of a uniform sys tem of court rules. In framing the rules the lommliUi took the best of the old rules, the best of those now in use and also adopted some new provisions. Probably the most important sections of the pro posed rules are those having to do with the presiding Judge and defining his powers. The proposed new rules would have all the Judges serve In rotation for a certain specified time as the presiding ud(te. The duty of the presiding judge . would be to hear preliminary cases and hold special hearings and also at the opening of each court day to assign the cases to the different departments. At present the presiding judge holds office for a period of three months and the cases are assigned weeks ahead of time by lot. This, it is point ed out. means that often one court will have nothing to do, when another Is rushed with work. The presiding Judge also at present hears cases like any of the other Judges. The old sys tem In use In the county about three years ago made one Judge presiding Judire during an entire term. The proposed rules make provision for punishing any person who t-hould attempt to get a case assigned to any particular Judge. With reference to this it says: "Any attorney who shall endeavor to Influence the clerk or court to assign any case to any particular department and any clerk whose duty It may be to assign cases for trial who shall, at the request of any person except the presiding Judge, assign any case to any particular Judge for trial, shall be deemed guilty of contempt of court and may be punished by fine, suspen sion or otherwise by the presiding Judge." The proposed rules would also give the presiding judge power over the empaneling of the Jury and also charge of that body. Defining this. It says "It shall be the duty of the presiding Judge to attend and supervise the draw ing of the Jury, to order the Jury sum moned, to empanel the grand Jury when one is called and to take gen eral charge of the trial Jury. The rules also give the presiding judge power to call a Joint session of two or more of the Judges of the court to hear any trial. Chemirally treated rlntij hsve been In vented tor washing windows libout water. -TUTjY 19. 1015. HL KADER PRAISED BY VISITING NOBLES Shriners' Elaborate Enter tainment Binds Ties of Tourists to Portland. 200 GUESTS LAST DAY 288 Cars Travel 30,000 Miles on City Streets, $20,000 Sjeut, Signs Direct to Best Homes and AVl.-hes Promptly Met. Every Shriner who passed through Portland, either on the way to Seattle or on the way home, left this city sing- I ing the praise of Portland hospitality. It is to be expected If one considers the work done by Al Kader Temple during the last three or four days. About -00 stragglers were enter tained yesterday by the Portland Shrine. Automobile and streetcar rides furnished the greater part of the en tertain merit. This morning but a few foreign fezzes will be seen on the 6treets. For the few days that the Al Kader Temple was host to the visitors. automobiles were in constant service. These machines traveled nearly 30.000 miles, or about 110 miles for every ma chine. One-third of the machines used were not the property of hriners. and members of the entertainment commit tee have appreciated the help given by friends who materially assisted In the reception of visitors. Arrant Point Best Rontra. Most of the automobile mileage was recorded within the city limits and on the paved streets. Twenty-two miles of red and blue arrows Indicated the best routes to travel, and the city offi cials were particularly careful to keep these "arrow routes" absolutely clean. This unique Idea of posting the shrine arrows was originated by Ira F. Powers. nd it facilitated the handling of vis itors materially. Some of the work that orainariiy would be done by the Chamber oi Commerce was done by the Shrlners. who had printed at their own ex pense thousands of booklets describing Portland, views of the city. Informa tion and pictures or tne v.oiumui Highway and other data valuable and interesting to the tourists. Correspondence Work. r re-e. Information booths, where literature was distributed, were maintained at the depots. stenographers were sta tioned at the hotels and the correspond ence of the visiting JShrlners was done without cost. Even the stamps cost the visitors nothing. A little less than J10.000 was spent by the shrine, and about the same amount was spent by individuals for the visitors entertainment. It Is es timated that Portland was guest to 6000 Shriners. each one of whom spent at least IS during his stay. Portland Shriners have worked prac tically day and night for the last four days to carry out the entertainment programme. Thurston Folk Ak Bridge. CENTRALIA. Wash, July 18 (Spe cial.) Residents of Rochester, tiate City and Independence are bringing pressure to bear on the Thurston Coun ty Commissioners for the construction of a bridge over the Chehalls River at the latter town. The expense of the bridge must be borne jointly by Thurs ton and Urays Harbor counties. The Commissioners of the latter county have signified their willingness to build the bridge and a new road Into Oakville. The bridge will shorten the distance six miles between Independence and Oakville. Sandy Oddfellows Intall. SANDY. Or.. July 18 (Special.) OOtcers of the Sandy Lodge of Oddfel lows were Installed Saturday aa fol lows: Noble grand. R. E. Eason: vice grand. Joe Abel; warden. W. Roaholm; conductor. F. E. Ueckwtth: chaplain, William Ganger: right supporter noble grand. It- F. Dlttert: left supporter noble grand. Robert Smith: right sup porter vice-grand. W. Klser; left sup porter vice-grand. John Rickford: right scene supporter. H. F. Bauer; left scene supporter, J. Keisecker, Inside guard, Frank Langersand; outside guard. Otto H. Meinlg. Canjonvllle Woman Injured. CANYONVILLE. Or.. July 18. (Spe cial.) Mrs. Pnrasoo an old-time set tler in the Tiller District, was the victim of an accident today when she was thrown from a horse. Dr. Kaler, of Riddle, was called and reports the Injuries as severe. Water will boll without fire After five hour of constant and rapid kttrrtns with padille. boning water Mi protlucvU at Johns nopKini i mtcrviiY. "WELL-KNOWN I.K.nWOX MAN DIES IX POKTLAMU. i : ' : : ' T If-- ... J". 'X- l-i"" Johai V. Rldseway. John W. Rldgeway, a native of Lebanon, Or., died yesterday In Portland after a lingering 111 ne.s. Mr. Rldgeway was a son of Mr. and Mrs. James Rldgeway. pioneers of 1K52. and he was reared on a donation land claim near Lebanon. of recent years his business had taken him to Puget Sound, but he always had made Lebanon his home. He is survived by two sisters Mrs. James Edwards. 418 Fifty-third avenue Southeast, and Mrs. Jennie L'sher. of Portland. The body is at Flnley & Sons' undertaking rooms, and funeral arrangements will be made today. Mr. Ridge way was a member of the Ta coma Woodmen of the World. f ' Our Ad Yesterday we instanced some of the remarkable economies that are typical of the unprecedented values in our gTeat Removal Sale during which every article in the store, new building; and Annex is at a worth-while reduced price, excepting only "Silk Maid Hose," contract goods, new fall suits and groceries. Fancy Sliced Hawaiian Pineapple, Can at 17V2C Formerly sold at 23c can. Latest pack, No. !2Vi cans, containing 8 slices. Dozen cans, 51. 95. v . o it r. g o l. r BUST K A S T E I MILLING. SACK... m rcrAL. :N.S2.25 A R T I C HOKKS. CAIJFOR. N I A. II I C K M O T i s 15c PACK. NO. CANS..... FRIMROSK PKAS. E.MPSON'S COUtKADO PACK. NO. Off 2 CANS. DOZ. tSlS. CAN Ul COM'MBIXE P K A S. KM H- SU.VS C O L O R A 10 PACK. .SI'. Z CANS. DOZ. l.70. I5c THE CAN. HUNTLEY & PALMER'S BISCUITS OUR OWN DIRECT IMPORTATION S ALT CRISP. PACK EH AT THK FACTOWY 1N01 i-POUND PACKETS I 2l CENTURY. PACKED AT THE r ACTOIJ Y IN l,. POUND PACKETS 15c A T A I. H E R T S. PACK ED A T THE FACTORY IN ;l5c POUND PACKETS.. NEEDS FOR THE KITCHEN AND LAUNDRY SPECIAL PRICES BROOMS. "LITTLE BEAUT Y." EXTRA 50c FINE. EACH SOAP. VICTOR, OVAL. ) Cm CAKES. SEVEN FOR...i3 Telephone Your Orders. Experienced Grocery Sales women in Attendance From 8 A. M. I'urn Food Crorrrr. Baimril, (k-Mwt Bids. SCHOOL CHANGES URGED COMMISSIONER CLAXTOX WOULD REVISE EDUCATION SVSTKM. Proposal Made to Have Six Year Terms la High School to iUlablisfc. Oreat Natloaal l alvrralty. Equality of opportunity for all chil dren in the United States to secure an education. Reorganisation of the public schools of the country into six years element ary work and six years' high school wot k. The establishment of a great nation al university with an annual Income of $10,000,000. The development of the rural schools so that they shall become model homes surrounded by model farms, teaching not only the public school work but al.-o homemaking and successful agri culture. These are some of the great things n educational achievement which wero advocated by United States Commis sioner of Education P. P. Claxton In his address delivered at the dinner In his honor at the University Club Satur day night. It Is these things, the speaker declared, toward which the Hureau of Education was at present working. "The fundamental principles of a democracy arc equality of opportunity." said the speaker.' und to secure this we must have equality of opportunity to secure an education." Mr. Claxton declared this to be the most Important problem of statesman ship. To secure this equality of op portunity to get an education, he said. the Bureau of Education was advocat ing equality In the length of the school term In the country and the city, the lengthening of the school term in both the country and city and better pre pared teachers. He said that the L'nited States has the shortest school term of any of the more civilised countries. PERSON ALMENTI0N. R. D. Moorea, of Bend. Is at the Per kins. XI. Rogers, of Oakland. Is at the Ore gon. II. Solomon, of Seattle, la at the Mult nomah. Charles Fedland. of Camas. Is at the Perkins. A. V. Wlckland. of Astoria, Is at the Perkins. C. C. Sargeant, of Spokane. Is at the Oregon. W. L. Adams, of Iloquiam, is at the Portland. M. H. Suit, of Newberg. Is at the Portland. Mr. and Mrs. Ed M. Sayle. of Rlver- Ide, Cal, are at the Oregon. J. K. Rlmbold. of Seattle. Is at the Imperial. W. E. White, of Shoshone. Is at the Imperial. R. K Shreve. of Tillamook. Is at the Imperial. S. P. Kimball, of Salem. Is at the Nortonia. A. C. Froom. of Fossil. Is at the Cornelius. T. E. Chldney. of Hrppner, Is at the Cornel I u. Dr S. J. Holmes, of Seattle. Is at the Portland. W. C. Miller, of T acorn a. Is at the Multnomah. Dr. I E. Briscoe, of Seaside. Is at the Seward. W. M. Monroe, of Long Beach. Is at tho Oregon. Mrs K. M Pot and chlMren and CASTOR I A For XaluiU &ad Children. Tty Kind Yea Hata Alwajs Bought r i. o r n. victor, satis- FACTORV 11 1'. A N U f I CC THK SACK 0I.3U I M PoU T !: It I.KXTII, S. KANCY vfCALITV. S-CC POI XH CIAITH SACKS .031 O R K J O N HKA N S, Cl'T R K K N. ; v, C A N S. I C -1XSCKN !... Till-: CAN 131 KANCY 11 A At S. K 1 N K S T i-; a s t r; k n cuke L. 20c Tllfcl POUND SOc TKAS. FAXCYIQ. QUALITY. HULK. LU aC MILK. PACKED AT THE FACTORY IN S-IOlp POUND PACKETS.. l2 UNIVERSITY. PACKED AT THE FACTORY IN POUND PACKETS I5c THE OLIVE. PACKED AT THE FACT O It Y I N - I I5c POUND PACKETS STARCH. RIVERSIDE, nr. NO. 1 CARTONS. 4 EOH'3 WASHING POWDEi:. GOLD DUST OR CITRUS. OfS LA RG E PACKAGES iUU Josepn Krb. her father, are at the Seward, front Columbus. O. T. A. Perkins, of San Francisco, la at the I'erkins. S. M. Trenany. of La Salle. Ill, is at the Multnomah. W. P. Wlnsns, of Walla Walla. Is at the Portland. Professor W. S. Brown, of Corvallls, la at the Seward. Mr. and Mrs. A. Kreuter, of Chicago, are at the Multnomah. J. W. Schnette and daughter, of St. Louis, are at the Seward. Mr. and Mrs. II. L Merrill, of Chi cago, are at the Nortonia. Mr. and Mrs. W. L. I ".en void, of Sa lem, are at the Cornelius. Mr. and Mrs. William Payne, of llol- ley. New York, are at the Cornelius. Dr. Alfred C. McDaniet and a party of three are at the Imi-erial. They are returning to San Antonio. Tex, from the Shriners' convention in Se attle. 11. C. Cot with a party of IT teachers from the Chicago city schools, was reg istered at the Nortonia yesterday. Mr. Cox Is general superintendent of the Chicago schools, and this party is on its way home from the exposition. CHICAGO. July IS. (Special.) Tho following from Portland, or, are reg istered at Chicago hotels: Great Northern. Mr. and Mrs. N. G. liolcombe; Salle. F. M. Anderson. Man Kills Self at A 1 soma. KLAMATH FALLS. Or, July IS. (Special.) Benjamin F. Holmes com mitted suicide yesterday at Algoma. north of this city, by shooting himself through the heart with a .S3 caliber rifle. It is said he had traveled for the past six years from state to state In search of health. He was In com pany with his brother and his wife and a sister. The party had gone to Medford recently from Grants Pass. The riehrln left from enrsl. after It haa been mart into art id- of 1cie:ry. ole.. i rruhei. fcretn-'tt anil rd a tooth powder a htc'l ju-!.- bv Inn. an ".riimrrn Portland's Oldest and Largest Exclu sive Optical House THOMPSON OPTICAL INSTITUTE 209-10-11 Corbett Dldjj. Fifth and Morrison ORDER OF UNITED ARTISANS A Social. Fraternal. Beneficial So ciety for men and women. Four plans of Insurance baaed upon ade quate rates, and barked by a sur plus of nearly one millleo dollar, io lodges tn Portland, over 11.0"0 members tn Oregon. Let us toll you about It. Phone Main 1220 C L. mm; a. Sopreaa ecrelary. &21 Deck lliaa, PortLaao. Or. A 0