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FOBTLASD, FRIDAV, JL'LY J, WIS-
GERMANY'S CHIEF ADVANTAGE.
The successful resistance which
Germany and Austria have hitherto
offered to superior numbers is due J,o
""their application of all their energries
and resources to the working out of
success in war. From the beginning
almost without exception they were
the first to use every new device, or
they had brought It nearest to per
fection. They first used giant howit
zers to batter down forts and the best
their allies could do was to Imitate
them. They first used concrete to line
trenches and to make prepared bases
for machine guns. They fully realized
the possibilities of the machine gun
in defending trenches and have three
or four to one possessed by the allies.
They have practically supplanted the
rifle with machine guns. They were
prepared beforehand with the cement,
steel plates, barbed wire and machine
guns to defend trenches.
How Immense Is the advantage they
thus gained can be judged from this
statement of a German officer, who
had been taken prisoner, to a writer
. for the London Mail: i
When we want to move a hundred men te4
another part ox the line we Just establish
five or six machine guns in their place. A
caretaker and his wite could defend some ot
cur 'irenches.
Germany has had the advantage of
Initiative, not only in most of the at
tacks but in the application of new
devices or in the application of. old
devices on a larger scale than her
enemies. Whatever is done that is
new. Germany has done it first, and
the allies have copied her. The one
exception Is in the use of aircraft,
'wherein It is generally agreed that the
'Frenclt and British are superior. The
allies' are now struggling to overtake
her, and in some respects have done
so. The French 75-millimeter gun is
one example and the Italian Deport
gun is another. The allies are adding
-to their machine guns, but the ma
chinery used in making them takes
.eight or nine months to construct;
hence the Germans have a long start.
Kxplosive shells in staggering quan
tities are alone effective In destroying
barbed-wire defenses and wrecking
machine' guns which defend trenches,
and to the-lack of them are due the
heavy losses of the allies with small
result. . : -
These are facts which the American
people must take to heart. It is use
less to assume that we shall have no
wars because we prefer peace, when
some other nation may prefer war and
may inflict it upon us against our will,
with an alternative which the most
confirmed pacifist would not accept.
We must therefore be prepared with
both the trained men and the scien
tific, mechanical apparatus In suffi
cient quantity to overcome any prob
able enemy. Even though our weap
ons should rust from disuse, their cost
"will be money well spent, for It will be
.an insurance premium on our Na
tional safety.
INDUSTRIAL EDUCATION FOR GIRLS.
The air is full of darts aimed from
all directions at the futile medieval
ism of the public schools. The other
day we recounted Herbert Quick's at
tack upon this ancient and towering
fortress. Now comes Anna Charlotte
Hedges, Ph.D., of Columbia Univer
sity, with the accusation that the pub
lic schools neglect to train girls in
"progressive wage-earning ability."
As Miss Hedges sees the situation,
girls need economic preparation for
life as much as boys. Boys get pre
cious little of it from the schools.
Girls get hardly any.
As usual throughout this "man's
world," the nobler sex has the pref
erence. But if Miss Hedges can have
her way he will not retain It. She
wishes to see the public schools so
modified that all girls shall receive
a certain minimum of manual train
ing along with their book studies. This
she calls "dexterity in the use of tools
and materials." She also demands
for all female pupils practice in pre
paring food, making clothes and the
use ' of correct English. It is to be
borne in- mind that this training is
not to be restricted to wage-earners
alone, but is for all the sex, rich and
poor alike.
But at a certain stage in their
careers there comes inevitably a dif
ferentiation between the schooling of
the children of the rich and of the
poor. The latter must learn how to
.gain a livelihood. The former need
not, as society la organized, though all
sensible people agree that it would bo
far better for th millionaire's daugh
ter to learn some useful occupation
before she begins her orgy of dining.
dancing and lovemaking. Perhaps if
she did so the orgy might never begin.
isut, no matter about that now. Let
s face the fact that a great many
tnousand girls, as well as bovs. should
.toe-educated at school for a vocation.
Miss Hedges believes that this edu
cation can best be obtained partly In
the schoolroom, partly in-the factory.
The general principles of wholesome
and competent work may be taught to
classes in tne public schools. The de
tails must be learned under the dlrec-'
tion of -forewomen in actual industry.
Miss Heages would thus make indus
try co-operate with the schools in the
great business of educating the young.
The most Interesting point in her
theory is that it seems to solve the
perplexing question of child labor.
Everybody admits "that some work is
good for children, even for very young
ones. The trouble is that if they are
permitted to work at all In the indus
tries they are exploited and their
health destroyed. The right course
appears simple enough in Miss
Hedges' view. Keep them, she says,
continually under the supervision of
the school authorities.. Here may be
another and most excellent use for the
human machinery of the public school
system.
PROFESSORS SHIELD A CRIMINAL.
If the two university professors who
knew last Winter that Frank Holt was
really Kric Muenter, the accused mur
derer of his .wife, are representative,
the estimate or public duty held by
men of their class is deplorably low.
Their silence as to Holt's Identity
made them accessory after the fact to
his murder of his wife, and they
helped Holt to retain the freedom
which he used to shoot J. P. Morgan,
to explode a bomb in the Capitol and
to place bombs on one or more steam
ships. Yet these men are training up
the youth of the country in Cornell
and Chicago. What ideal of civic
duty must the students form under
such Instructors? .
Recent criticisms of professors have
been that they talked too much rather
than too little, but the effect of their
loquacity was the same as that of Pro
fessors Bennett's and Gould's silence
to destroy or weaken respect for law.
Some professors have used their posi
tions to propagate radical and revolu
tionary political doctrines, destructive
of respect for law and the Constitu
tion. By their silence Messrs. Ben
nett and Gould practiced what the
other professors preached.
Men in their position at least should
have known that it is the duty of
every citizen to come to the aid of
the law against those who violate it.
As a citizen every man is a partner
in our- institutions, the stability : of
which depends not only on each indi
vidual's own respect for the law,, but
on his active support of the law's offi
cers in exacting like respect from oth
ers. Mere inertia, such as was dis
played by the two professors in ques
tion, would, if universally practiced.
break down the law and inaugurate
anarchy.
GOLD COMES OUT OF HIDING.
Driven by the necessity of calling
every ounce of gold into service for
purchase of war material abroad and
for maintenance of their credit, all the
great belligerent nations are adopting
every possible device to attract gold
Into the government banks. Germany
and France alike have appealed suc
cessfully to their people to exchange
gold for paper money, even wedding
rings, jewelry and ornaments being
sacrificed in Germany, and hundreds
of millions of dollars have thus been
added to the banks' stores. Austria
Is starting a like movement and Brit
ain Is trying to borrow the savings of
the poor by offering to accept 6-shil-ling
installments in payment for war
bonds.
This Is an effort of the governments
to accumulate enough gold to pay for
imported war materials, as exporting
nations, of which the United States is
the chief, will accept nothing but gold
or its equivalent.
But gold is needed chiefly as a re
serve for paper currency, in order to
keep the nations on a gold rather than
a flat-money basis. Necessity has
driven the belligerents to issue a flood
of paper currency, which Is spreading
out their gold reserve constantly
thinner. They strive to conserve it
both by gathering in the people's di
vidual hoards and by selling or hy
pothecating American securities in
payment for war material.
The readiness with which the
French people subscribed for the
bonds issued to pay the German war
indemnity in 1873 opened the eyes of
the world to the vast stores of gold
secretly hoarded by the masses. The
habit of hoarding has been on the
decline in Europe, but great stores of
gold have been drawn out of hiding
by war finance measures. - The loyalty
of IndianPrinces to Britain has even
broken into the fabulous stores which
they have accumulated for generations
and to which they add yearly. India
has been called a sink into which great
quantities of gold disappear. Hoard
ing in that and other countries ac
counts for a large part of the known
discrepancy between the annual pro
duction of gold and the known
amount used as money and in indus
try. By attracting a large part of these
hoards into the banks, the warring
nations are doing the world a service.
Could all the hidden gold be brought
Into use, the money supply would be
increased and the newly circulated
gold would form the basis of two or
three times Its amount in bank notes.
Credit would be expanded and inter
est rates would be held down. Hoard
ing has been a fruitful cause of high
interest and of arrested , development.
SOCIETY OR SYMPATHY?
We are not sure that those who ob
ject to the unfairness of the dual code
of morals are a unit In all particulars.
It is quite likely that many who pro
test against it vehemently believe both
man and woman should receive the
same punishment now accorded by so
ciety to the woman; others, just as ve
hement, may be convinced that both
should receive the same leniency now
accorded the man.
It will hardly do for those of the
former opinion to approve, solely be
cause of society's attitude, the for
bearance shown the two Portland '
women who had smothered an illegiti
mate babe. And we recall that the
sentence on the young mother was
suspended until the man responsible
for her plight could be brought to
justice. Yet on that basis, society is
assumed only to be discriminatory. If
society is to reform by visiting the
same scorn upon the man as it now
visits upon the woman the motive that
actuated Mrs. Fowle and her daugh
ter will still remain, in all its Impell
ing force with those who continue to
fall from moral grace. The woman's
shame will not be lessened by her
consort's disgrace.
A great deal of sophistry is invoked
to excuse inexcusable crimes. There
are those who blame society for the
murders committed by the McNa
maras. There are those who blame
all lawlessness upon society. But they
are our -visionaries. We cannot es
cape' the thought that the otherwise
sensible folk who blame the'dual code
In social crimes for the murder of
the Fowle infant are searching mi
nutely for some plausible excuse for
the dual code that is applied In other
cases.
Woman bears all the Ignominy of
social crime, but almost invariably
obtains special consideration when- ac
cused of- theft or murder. An unrea
soning sympathy is almost universally
extended to female criminals. It is
very doubtful that, had Harriette
Fowle's father. Instead of her moth
er. placed the camphor-soaked cloth
over the infant's face, iie would have
had her opportunity to compromise
the case by pleading guilty to the les
ser crime of manslaughter, let alone a
chance of parole. He would have been
tried for murder. Yet If society's
cruelty to a wayward girl is excuse for
a mother's desperately criminal means
to protect her, it is as good an excuse
for a father's.
Vindlctiveness in the law's behalf Is
the last thing that should bo acquired
by the courts, and probably imprison
ment would have brought no refor
mation or remorse that will not be
the another's and daughter's without
It. If legal penalties are to take no
account of effect on others who may
be tempted, perhaps there is nothing
more to be said. Still let's be
candid about the gentleness of
their reproof. They are. women
and the rigors - of the law were
Intended primarily for men. Society,
which sheds its tears over their error
and meekly takes the blame, will,- just
as remorselessly as of yore, turn upon
the next erring girl who does not seek
to hide her shame with murder.'
JAPAN'S DESIGNS ON CHINA.
The importance to the United
States, in common with the rest of
the western world, of the revelations
of Samuel G. Blythe in the Saturday
Evening Post regardlng Japan's de-1
signs on China cannot be overesti
mated. In total disregard of her
pledge to all the western powers to
maintain the open door and territor
ial Integrity In China, Japan has set
deliberately, to work on the execution
of a plan to assimilate China, as she
has assimilated Corea. Japan appears
as having used her ally. Great Britain,
as a shield to ward off interference
while she won Southern v Manchuria
from Russia and took Klau-Chau from
Germany, thereby having entered
upon a policy as inimical to British
interests as to those of. the United
States and of other European powers.
Japan alms to become supreme in
Asia. If Japan were to succeed. China
would cease to be independent. It
would be .as completely under Japan
ese rule as Egypt Is under British
rule.
..Japan has been going about the
execution of her plans in her usual
systematic, secret- manner, and has
chosen the psychological moment.
Yuan Shi Kal Is organizing China Into
a nation and is awakening the latent
resources of her people, and, if free
from interference, would soon make
China so strong that Jap.-yi could
have no hope of success. In fact might
be In danger of punishment for the
wrongs she has done to China. There
fore, it Is now or never with Japan.
World-wide conditions favor Japan,
for her allies dare not offend her, and
her enemies in Europe are unable to
interfere. The United States, alone
among those Interested, Is free to pro
test effectually.
Ever since the war with Russia,
Japan has had swarms of spies in
China, gathering all the information
needed for military occupation and
political and commercial control. The
report of the secret mission she sent
to China throws a lurid light on her
designs. It was made before the re
cent demands were made and reveals
the purpos behind those demands to
have been military Occupation and
political control. It belles the assur
ances to the contrary which were
given by Premier Okuma. The at
tempt to bind China to secrecy as to
the demands made upon her and the
attempted suppression of the most
objectionable demands after China
had made them public had but one
purpose to' deceive the world as to
the nature of Japan's alms.
Notwithstanding" the preoccupation
of the Western world with the war,
secrecy was necessary to Japan's suc
cess. Without . It, the world might
have been kept In the dark as to the
extent of the peaceful . penetration of
China- which Japan would have ef
fected, had all her demands been con
ceded. By the time the other powers
awakened to the truth and found
themselves In a position to block the
game, the silent, stealthy but rapid
process of assimilation would have
gone so far that its. undoing would
have been a herculean task.
President Yuan has proved himself
in this crisis to be one of the ablest
of the world's statesmen. Powerless
to resist by force and having no hope
of armed assistance from any other
nation, he used the only weapon
available publicity. By publishing
Japan's demands, he put the United
States and Britain on their - guard
Japan attempted to lull them into se
curity by concealing the -ten most vital
demands, buriall reached the two na.
tlons most deeply interested in keep
ing China free- and open. The British
commercial world raised a storm of
protest. The United States notified
Japan that no agreement would be
recognized which did not accord with
the open-door policy to which Japan,
In common with the other powers, was
solemnly pledged.
Japan drew In her horns and did
not insist upon the most Important
demands, but she did not withdraw
them. They are to be made, the sub
ject of an exchange of notes, accord
ing to the Japanese version of the ne
gotiations. Unless vigorous steps are
taken by other powers, .they will
doubtless be .Insisted upon at a more
convenient season. Meanwhile the
process of peaceful penetration will
continue. Spies will keep Japan in
formed of every move of China and
of European and American diplomats
agents and commercial men. Agita
tors will continue the effort to stir up
the Chinese against the United States
by dwelling upon the Indignity of ex
clusion... The way will be prepared
for another advance toward the ac
complishment of Japan's ambition
that China become.' In the words of
Mr. Blythe, "a Japanese dependency
Instead of a sovereign country.
The Interest of the United States In
these developments of Oriontal policy
is Immediately commercial, but it is
more. We should not submit to ex
clusion by Japan from the rich mar
kets of China or to admission on such
terms as Japan, as doorkeeper, might
dictate. But all our Influence should
be used against the transformation of
China into a great military machine
in the hands of Japan. Japan is be
fore all things a military nation. She
has shown that her guiding principle
is "might Is right." She is the Ger
many of Asia in military and industrial
efficiency. Her ambition would grow
by what it fed on. With China in her
grasp and with millions of armed men
at her command, she would seek to
gratify her lust for conquest not only
In Asia but in America. Her pride
wounded by our exclusion policy, she
would seek revenge on us. Looking
at rich Mexico torn by revolution ana
seeing vast areas of South America
thinly peopled and undeveloped, sh
would treat the Monroe Doctrine as a
scrap of paper and would seek an
outlet for the teeming surplus popu
latlon of Japan and China on this sld
of the Pacific.
The United States may well be on
the alert against dangers frorr th
conquering nation of Asia, as well as
from whatever nation
In Europe.
may conquer
Discussion of the needs of the farm
ers always comes back to the need of
good roads. Myron T. Herrlck says
they should co-operate in buying, sell
ing, borrowing and lending, but co
operation requires meeting frequently
to discuss affairs of this kind. . Farm
ers are averse to driving miles over
bad roads in the evening, so they don't
meet and Kn't co-operate. The first
essential is to smooth the roads, then
co-operation will follow.
Mrs. Zehner's recipe, for the high
cost of living problem Is wise and
practicable. "Live - within your
means" is her maglo formula. We
have nothing to add to it except the
precept, "Make your means adequate,
as soon as you can. to a healthy and
happy life." It might not be a bad
I flea, for General Goethals and Mrs.
Zehner to get up a Joint lecture on
wages and family expenses for next
year's Chautauquas.
The children of a New York father
have been bitten several times "by
unmuzzled dogs," and he says "It is
nough to try his patience." His
erenity under provocation reminds
us of Mary's' father. Mary, you re
member, poisoned her mother's tea.
Her mother died in agony. Her father
really was quite vexed, and said:
Well. Mary, now what next?" We
can't all be calm, but we can all ad
mire calmness.
The voice which Mrs. La Course
heard In the night watches may have
been her son's. The mysterious word
came to her at about the time of his
tragic death.- The records of such oc-
urrences are numerous and credible.
Telepathy may . account for them
Perhaps the explanation Is more oc-
ult. When the soul of a young man
parts from his body Is it strange that
the first visit should be to his mother?
Suppose, gentle reader, that Paris,
London or Vienna must be destroyed
by aeroplane bombs next week fend
that you had to say which one of the
three It should be. What would your
choice be. and why? Probably Paris.
London, Vienna and Rome are more
oved by mankind than any other four
cities. Rome Is not endangered by the
war Just yet. All the others are.
The Morning Enterprise, df Oregon
City, Issued yesterday Its annual prog
ress and anniversary edition in maga
line form of forty-eight pages. The
men who make things go and local
enterprises and resources are exploit
ed in text and halftone. Placed lin
the right hands, this number is going
to do great good to the manufacturing
city.
The Welsh coal miners have chosen
a strangely unpropltious time for their
strike. Their grievances are doubt
ess Important, but. to patriotic minds.
they can hardly outweigh the public
welfare. A strikeiof this kind, at such
a moment, might? be worth more to
the enemy than a great victory in the
field.
It Is but a fleeting glimpse of Colo
nel Roosevelt that 4s vouchsafed to
Portland, but It Is better than nothing.
We" cannot see much of his splendor
in twenty minutes, but what do you
expect?. The brightest meteor shines
but a second or two. The lightning
flash Is gone almost ere It begins.
Dr. HIllls' lectures to pay his
nephews' -debts are in the same cate
gory as Mark Twain's lectures to pay
the debts of the publishing firm he
founded. Both men valued good
name above money.
If the sort of patriotism which pre
vails among Welsh coal owners and
miners were general throughout Brit'
aln, there would be nothing for Ger
many to do but go In and take posses
sion.
The pleasure of old men like Levi
W. Myers is to be able to look back
on a life of activity and usefulness, in
which they have done their part
toward making the world better.
In future parades let us put the
Grand Army men In automobiles.
They will be spunky about It, but they
have done enough marching to entitle
them to ride In chariots.
If Austria tVlU send ships, the
United States will sell war material to
her. If she cannot send the ships, 4
Is Mars, not the United States, who
plays favorites.
Ex-President Roosevelt will be in
the city Monday for twenty minutes.
An hour's stay and he would be the
Colonel, and if it were five hotfrs. ou
own Teddy.
Young America showed Its pride in
the Liberty Bell by marching behind
two generations of veterans, those o
the Civil War and thone of the Span
Ish War. .
After having got Austria into thl
war by his blundering diplomacy, the
least Von Berchtold could do was to
take a hand in the fighting.
Georgia Is putting the "Jim Crow'
Into its schools, public and private.
Georgia Is Georgia, one of its kind in
almost all things.
Really, the polymurlel costume for
women that can be worn on all occa
slons is not so new. Eve had one.
If the sun will only shine, we will
cinch that billion-bushel wheat crop,
Watch Ed Lyons have the time of
his life "shooing" the trains today,
Old Vesuvius thinks it about time to
take a hand in the game.
Professor Krohn marched as if he
enjoyed it. and he did.
Przasnyz is the latest German cap
ture. Spare us!
Every little chap and every littl
girl helped.
The musicians all drop harmony fo
discord. .
After Seattle
Portland.
eh, what?
Why,
Roseburg's new railroad seems to be
assured.
The bell was everlastingly "shot-"
Talking of football already.
Take the town, nobles.
Thank you, Ir. Beals.
Stars and Starmakers
By Leone Can Bser.
With the thermometer snooping way
down around "the hundred and tens
here at Billlngs-on-the-Tellowstone.
the belles ot the city are wrapping
their throats all 'round with these
dinky almost-cat furs. And I reckon
next Winter they'll pack their fur
neck pieces away In moth balls and to
bacco and expose their throats and
necks as usual.
George Alison, once a Baker leading
man. 'has been engaged by Henry
Miller to play the leading role in one
f the three companies of "Daddy Long
Legs" which he will send out next
Summer. Mr. Alison's wife. Gertrude
Rivera will have an important place
in the company. They have been play
ing In stock at the Crescent Theater.
n Brooklyn, for the last five years.'
Since August 1. 1914. more than 10
war plays and sketches have been pro
duced in America and England and
heaven only knows how many more
are In process of manufacture. The
American list Includes "Inside the
Lines." "The White Feather." "Marle-
Odile." "The Hyphen. "Moloch." "Across
the Border" and "War Brides." while
In the English list are "The Right to
Kill." "Der Tag." "The Day Before the
Day." "Armageddon." "War. Red War."
Remember Belgium." "When There
Was War." "Soldier's Honor." "The
Bride of the Battlefield." "In the Hands
of the Huns," "Margaret of the Red
Cross." "It's a Long Way to Tlpnerary."
Mary From Tlpperary." "The Man
Who Stayed at Home." "In Time of
War" and "Son of a Soldier.!
a
Daphne Pollard has registered a suc
cess with the 115 edition of "The
Passing Fhow" at the Winter Garden.
In New York. The show Is bow In its
seventh weekv Little Miss Pollard was
one of the original band In the Llll-
putlan Opera Company and since the
breaking up of that organisation she
has been with California musical com
edy companies and In vaudeville over
Pantages circuit. With "The Candy
Shop." Maude Fulton and William
Rock's musical comedy, little Miss Pol
lard went East as far as Chicago and
after the run there she made the return
trip West as far as Seattle, when aha
received a call from New York to
come on and Join the Winter Garden
players. She Is Just the size of the
proverbial minute, can dance like an
acrobatic thistledown and was the type
they needed. Eugene and Willie
Howard are the principal players In
the company, George Monroe ia an
other Important one and to. is Juliette
Lippe.
see
E. H. Sothern will return to the stags
next season in a repertory of modern
plays. By arrangement with Win
throp Ames. Mr. Sothern will occupy
the Booth Theater, In New York, for
the entire season under the sponsor
ship of the Shuberts. In making his
reappearance Mr. Sothern will make a
departure from the usual type of plays
wWi which his name has been asso
elated In the past. His leading woman
s to be Margaret Dale, the brilliant
and lovely young actress we saw with
George A r lias in "Disraeli."
see
One of the novelties in Flo Zlegfeld'a
new "Follies" is a corn-motion picture
act in which a -director stands in the
orchestra, and. as he directs, motion
pictures appear, players come and go
andrtalk back to him In pantomime.
Mae Murray plays the role of Mary
Plckcm. the Oakland girls, a sister
team, appear as the Onion sisters, bur
lesquing the Gish girls, and Will West
is again Jennings B. Ryan. Reviewers
say that one of .the best scenes of the
score Is the burlesque on "Androcles
and the Lion." In which Bert Williams
adds to his fame. Professor Barker
wishes to take a moving picture In the
jungle of a lion leaping on his prey.
He takes Bert Williams Into the Jun
gle with him to be used as bait. The
professor finds a convenient tree near
which lions roam and ties Williams to
a stake at the foot of it and then climbs
the tree. The lion appears and. Just
as he is about to spring on Williams.
ho recognizes the "bait" as a man who
once had done him a favor. They shake
hands and then Jointly turn on the
photographer. Phil Dwyer, who ap
peared In the Granville Barker pro
duction of "Androcles," plays the part
of the Hon. Ina Claire haa one of the
leading roles and does a dozen of her
clever Imitations, including a new one
of Mrs. Vernon Castle. Leon Errol,
once of Portland, staged this show, as
he does all of Zlegfeld'a Follies. Errol
plays a role as Rip Van Winkle In tho
production.
Al Jolson. who Is coming to th
Helllg the week of August 8 In "Dan
clnir Around." might almost be called a
Pacific Coast product, tor although he
did not actually begin his career in
San Francisco, It was there that he
developed bis talent.
The story of Al Jolson's career be
gan in his teens, when he left his
parental roof in Washington. D. C. to
join a circus. It was what Is known
as "a wagon show." and It moved
from town to town by the maln-trav-rled
road, the performers sleeping In
the band wagon, on top of the cages
and anywhere they could bestow
themselves. In addition to acting as
general utility man about the lot. Jol
son clowned, did acrobatic stunts, sold
song books and appeared In the con
cert which followed the "big show." In
this latter feature he was announced
by the ringmaster as "Master Al Jolt-on.
champion buck and wing dancer
of America." After his act he washed
up, helped cook the supper and carried
water for the ponfcra not the kind of
"ponies," however, that surround him
today i-i the Winter Garden extrava
ganza, but the four-legRwd kind, which
eat baled hay.
Jolson then went Into vaudeville and
It Is rather singular that he never at
tracted any particular attention until
he went to California In 1903. His first
appearance there was at the Orpbeum
In a slurring, talking and dancing act
called "A Little of Everything." This
sketch was billed as "Jolson. Palmer
and Jolson" one ef the Jolsons being
his brother. Harry, still In vaudeville.
After playing with this trio he final
ly returned to San Francisco in 190
and appeared alone In a tent theater
called the National, on the corner of
Steiner and Post streets. It was then
that Jolson began to shine He re
mained in San Francisco three years
and during that time played In every
10-cent theater In town. He began at
a very low salary, but he finally re
ceived as high as $300 a week. What
added greatly to his development was
an engagement in stock at the Globe
Theater, in the Mission.
WORD IX BEHALF OK THE TRUSTS
Fanners Prsdsr Handled br Tkeas
Brings Best Price), Says Writer.
PORTLAND, July 15. tTo the Ed
itor.) It is considered the proper
thing for writers In newspapers and
magazines to Inveigh 'against the
trusts, and the producer on the farm
and range Is among the loudest crit
ics of these great business organiza
tions. As a producer tn a small way
it has coma to my attention that the
two articles of produce that the farmer
has to sell that are handled by what
are designated "trusts'' he gets the
best prices for. In other words, the
difference between the prices ho gets
and what the consumer Iiys is smaller
for these two articles than between
thoie articles In the sale ot which no
trusts intervene.
Grain and meat animals are the two
articles that the trust handles and tn
small Is the profit that It gets the
tarmer cannot aflord to grind his own
grain for the uses of his household I
id
is
and he finds It pays for him to buy his
meat or the butcher. on the other
hand, how does the producer of apples,
say. fare? A box of fine apples that
the consumer will pay S3 to 14 for has
brought the grower a. gross price of
1 or very little more. As for the
other things tho farmer produces, such
as one finds in the public market, un
less he sells theni himself direct to the
consumer. It will be found that he rare
ly gets half the amount paid for them
by the consumer.
When the producer has grain or cat
tle or hogs to sell he can imd a cash
market with the "trusta" at anv lima.
Mis money Is ready for him. Whethtr
his wares are good, better or best, ha
gets a price. Let the a-rower nt an.
plea, pears or cherries try It and he will
nna no market to which he en send
his produce that wiu take It regard
less of the supply exceeding the de
mand and allow him by return mall a
fair price for it. It would be a great
advantage if a trust were formed that
wouia u such produce and if tli
fruit received today is not irmid
enough for table use. then utilize It n
older mills or canning factories all be
longing to the trust, the producer to
receive a price for his product th.t
would recompense him according tn
Its value.
The specialty of the Government of
touay In this country seems to be to
nnht tho trusts. The rallroa.ls. tho
telegraph companies, the banks all
have come In for their shaking up. One
reason why the Germans have made
such tremendous strides Industrially
uurinu me past quarter of a century
Is because the government has encour
aged such Institutions an we denounce
aa trusta. jt xt TCTTIJ-
'BEE HEXT RP.SrO5E IS iiLOW
Applications for Vacant Jbark Net
(iraitrd aa Readily aa Uealred.
PORTLAND. July 15. (To the Edi
tor.) In the letter. "Whv Hand nt
Charity la Slow," C. B. M. explains
why the response is slow on the part
of many thinking peopl. I have read
many appeal that prove to me the
weakening effect of accepting a liv
ing by donation, rather than to earn
It. My admiration goes to the father
and mother who are willing lo rough
It in a tpnt on a tract of land lying
Idle.
The Alberta Woman's Improvement
Club -has made repeated appeals for
the empty chacks. many of them with
windows gone. If the windows had
been taken out to be used elsewhere,
even that would not have been so
much to be condemned, but the broken
glass tells In silence of wasting energy
exercised long enough to leave a mark
of destruction.
Letting people who are having a
hard time to keep the upper hand In
the struggle for maintenance into
these places helps them to retain In
dependence. The benefit is threefold:
In that the bnfortunate family is shel
tered, the property is taken care of
and improved and the neighborhood
advanced In the cleanup.
We. too, have to report a slow re
sponse to our appeals for the use of
these places, and If C. B. M. and others
holding like views will assist our club
In trying to interest owners of these
places to donate their use, they wi'.l
be contributing their time to a work
that builds, up independence and keeps
people from falling Into the hands of
temporary relief organizations.
JOSEriiNE R SHARP.
ADDITIONS TO AMKHICAX NAVY.
Appropriations Tbla Tear and Strensth
Compared With Other .Nations.
NORTH YAKIMA. Wash.. July 13.
(To the Editor.) What appropriations
has Congrcs made this year for the
maintenance of the Navy, in new bat
tleships, cruisers. torpedo-boats, sub
marine craft, and what is our com
parative naval strength at present In
number of fighting ships? A. McD.
Congress at the last session made
appropriations for two battleships, six
destroyers, 1 coast defense and two
seagoing submarines and one fuel ship,
but made no-provlslon for cruisers or
torpedo-boata
It is impossible to tell accurately the
present comparative strength of navies.
On account of looses and additions
made by belligerents but kept Secret.
The relative atrength of tho principal
navies at the beginning of the war In
first and second line fighting ships
was as follows:
Modern Wattle Older
l.sttlo- rrull lsi'e-
Nstlon ship. era sblpa
rttt Britain H.t J ;i
i;rtrscy .........- s '.
I niifl fciiftts 1
Frsn. e 14 . . 1 i
Jnpan f ' i
K ! 4 B
lilv 7 .. r
Austrla-HunicarT t
Pat riot lane la ?lrred.
PENDLETON. Or.. July II. (To the
Editor.) As a subscriber of The Ore
gonlan I want to express mv appre
ciation of your very able and timely
editorial In today's paper, viz.: "In
the Interest of Feace." and at the same
time and that it will be very unseason
able, for anyone -to "pass" out any
"plednes" while the Liberty bell Is so
journing in these parts. The thou
sands of patriotic people who had tne
honor of viewing this sacred relic to
day attest this fact. The Nation la
extremely fortunate In having so few
of the John Haynes Holmes caliber.
Your attitude In the past has been
along right lines and the people are
with you. with the exception that you
are giving Bryan a lot of free advertis
ing. If you will stop printing his
name It will soon be forgotten.
SUBSCRIBER.
(rntralla tilrl'a Injuries.
CENTRALIA. Wash.. July 14. (To
the Editor.) Please correct a state
ment which appeared In -The Orego
nlan Thursday. July S. "Girl Hurt In
Auto Crash." My hip was not afflicted
from birth, but was the result of an
accjdent early in life. The successful
operation mentioned was performed
three years ago.
MISS DORATHEA ABBOTT.
Umln In City Population.
VALE. Or.. J-uIy 13. (To the Editor.)
I would thank you o state how murji
Portland gained In population with the
addition of Llnnton and St. Johns.
READER.
About 7000.
No.
SALEM. July 14. (To the Editor.)
Did W. J. Bryan charge admission to
hear him speak during ,his first cam
paign for President T
A SUBSCRIBER.
Twenty-Five Years Ago
From The Orecnn!n of Ju'y 15, 1S0.
Washington. July 15. Senator Dolplt
early In the session. Introduced a bill
creating another Judicial district, to
be composed of Oregon. Washington
and Montana. Today he was notified
by the sub-committee having In prep
aration a Judicial bill, that it would
take his view as to th size and ex
tent of the district which he would
create. The 6ml!on of 1,1 .tho ani
Wyoming will probably make it
necessary to Include, them in a new
Vestern district. Senator l"olph says
that Oregon and t'ashlntton and the
territory east f these Mates Is suf
ficient to make a larae enough dis
trict, should they be included.
A dispatch from Washington List
night eald: "Mr. James Teal and
daughter, of Portland, who have Wen
I v"1
Jto
visiting In Boston, w ere in ashir.g-
today on their way home.'
At least ten dozen of young grouse
and pheasants were displayed for ale
yesterday at the corner of Third and
ashineton. and during the nay as
many more were received and were
speedily (imposed of to epicures. The
birds are rather lnrger than usual t
this season, beir.p about half fcrown.
but rt will be well for the next Legislature-
lo extend the closed rcasoi
to August I at least- L-att evening
number of hunters were seen w.tn
their dogs and guns rcturr.inc from
the first shooting of the season. From
now on. grouse, pheasants and ti'.ia;l
will Jo we'.l'to roost htKh or lay low.
Work on the Mad ison-street bridge
Is progressing rapidly. The iron cyl
inders have been placed around a'.!
the piers except four, ami cever.il of
them have been filled with concrete.
The concrete is hoisted to the top of
the pier by a derrick and poured cown
an iron chute that reaches to the bot
tom of the river, so that the concrete
Is not damaged by falling a long tiis
tance through the water. The grill
ace of the pivoted pier is resting flat
on the pilinsr foundation made for it
and when the other piers are filled
with cement the iron cylinder forming
the upper part of the pivotal pier will
be filled. One of the bents of the
brlrfpe is frame-d on tho East Side ap
proach and the false work for it Is in
posjtu-n. Another bent Is belOK framed
and Ihe bridge will begif to make
an appearance before lonn.
One of te daily entertainments for
the louncrr at the rortlaDi Is to
watch Tom Fltsglbbons fondle h'.s new
meerschaum ripe, given to hiin by
Charlev Hughes. If the old savlr.tr is
true that the watched pot neve boils,
then It Is doubtful whether Tom's ef
forts to color his pipe properly will
meet with success.
Chief Homily, of the Umatilla reser
vation, has taken unto himself an
other wife a forest maiden of IS Sum
mers paying seven soo.l cayuses for
the prize. Homily no boasts of three
"Klooiclimen."
In November. 1S89. the cities of Se
attle and Tacoma cast 10.11S votes. In
June, 18!0, seven months later. Port
land. East Portland and Albina cast
11.475. This comparison would indicate
that there are about as many people
in Portland. Eust I'ortland ar.d Al
bina, which are in reality one city, ss
there are in Tacoma ard Seattle, so
that if the census enumerators find
7S.O00 people In Tacoma and Seattle,
they ought to fiaJ as many in I'ort
land. East Portland and Albina..
From the Ketchum Keystone Every,
body in Idaho knows the familiar face
of The Oregonlan. the Ion s-est ahlisheC
and prosperous Journal of rortldnd.
A quarter of a century apo It was
found In nearly every miner's camp In
this territory, " and all through the
Northwest it was, and still is, taken
as a representative Journal of the Co
lumbia River country. One of the pro
prietors. H. L. Plttock. and wife, are
now stopping at Geyser Hot Springs,
being of the Portland party. Including
ex-enator H. W. Corbett and son. Col
onel W. M. Sewall. K. P. DeHart and
family. Samuel Lowenstein. Colonel
Flelschner and others. Mr. I'ittock is
visiting the springs for his health, be
ing somewhat troubled with rheuma
tism, and is now Improving. AVe
acknowledge a very pleasant ca'.l from
the gentleman.
Carelessness of Pirnlckiera.
PORTLAND. July 15. (To the Edi
tor.) The writer wishes heartily to
Indorse the letter ape"earing In T"ie
Oregonian regarding the debris l"ft bv
picnickers. It Is more than a pity. It
Is an outrage that all of our beauty
spots, and particularly our wonderful
Columbia Highway. shoulj be so
marred.
On Sunday last. July 11. the around
at both Gordon and Multnomah Kl.s
was covered with unsichtlv trash. At.
Multnomah the view below the beau
tiful concrete brldce across the falls
was practically spoiled by papers,
pasteboard boxes, paper plates and t.n
cans.
Let the press tk up the Rood wor
and let u all Individually do what wc
can to cure this evil. W.
Inlraala That Hibernate.
PORTLAND. July 14. (To the Edi
tor.) To settle a Oisrussion between
two of your readers, will you kindly
answer the following question: '.When
a squirrel or other isroutid animal
hibernates.' Is the burrow open or
closed r' C. P. RICE.
The habits of hibernating animals
vary greatly. As a rule it Is only by
chance that the burrow of the warm
blooded hibernating animal closed
True squirrels do not hibernate In the
sense that they lapse Into torpor for
long periods. The North American
grey squirrel, which Is an Intermittent
slumberer In Winter, offers the near
est approach to hibernation among
squirrels.
Price raid for Cola.
Al'RORA. Or, July 14. (To the Ed
itor.) On my trip to Austria a few
years ico I received In a bar.k c-f Llnz
a $3 piece of sold of I'nited States
money of the year 1854. Kindly inform
me if this coin is of special value.
FRANZ KKAXBERGER,
Collectors list tho
3.50.
coin at about
Water Witching..
PORTLAND. - July IS. (To the Edi
tor.) Is It an accepted fact that so
called water witches can locate water
under the ground? A STTBSCRIBER.
The practice has no scientific recog
nition. Come in, I Have
Them
Now, Mr. Manufacturer, that is a
sensible thing to say. isn't it
Just the kind of an invitation that
any sane merchant would give.
Verv well, are you always alert to
sav It WHEN PEOPLE WANT TO
HiAR IT?
Do you watch the newspapers?
Eo you show goods when the
manufacturers advertise them in
this newspaper?
Do you get the benefit of that ad
vertising? If nbt. are you really doing what
you should be doing to Increase your
business?