TIIE MORNING OltEGOXIAX. TJIUKSDAT, JULY 15. 1913.
POBTIA.ND, OREGON.
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rOKTLANI, IUIB8DAT, JtLY 15, 1915.
TUB LIOKKTY BELL.
The Liberty Eell is not valued for
its size or the sweetness of its tone
but for its association with one of
the great events of history. From
the day it was cast, in 1753, it hung
for twenty-three years in the wooden
belfry of the old Philadelphia state
house with few incidents to distinguish
It from the other bells in the coun
try. But on July 4, 1776, it became
- the messenger of liberty to the Ameri
can people. When the Declaration of
Independence had been signed the
news was hastily brought to the old
bellringer who had charge of the
tower. Tradition says it was brought
by his gTandsOD, who cried aa he drew
near, "Ring, grandpa, ring." and
forthwith the iron tongue literally ful
filled the mandate inscribed on its
crown- , by" "proclaiming liberty
throughout all the land, to all the in
habitants thereof." It is a curious co
Incidence that this particular text
from Leviticus should have been cast
upon this particular bell. Many peo
ple of devout minds have seen in it
more than a coincidence. To them
it stands out as one of those prophetic
harmonies which, seem to signalize the
hand of Divine Providence working
In the affairs of men.
The liberty which the bell pro
claimed will perhaps never be com
pletely realized in this Imperfect
world. It is one of those ideals
toward which mankind for ever strives
wjth many failures and backslldlngs
without ever reaching the goal. No
doubt it is best for us that we should
continually come short of our highest
ambitions, for otherwise effort might
lack incentive and the human race
lapse into a state of dull contentment
with its past. Very likely it is a
providential design that the Ideal of
liberty should recede as we advance
toward it, as the mountain top as
cends higher into the sky when the
climber surmounts the hills at its
base.
T'hus liberty means completeness
6 life. It is because tyranny of all
sorts is the same as death to those
who endure it that men have in all
ages died rejoicing sooner than give
nrf their freedom. "The slave," said
Aristotle, who lived out his years
among slaves, "is but half a man,"
and the proud Roman Scipio wrote of
them as "articulate cattle." It is only
In, the atmosphere of freedom that
man surmounts the baseness of his
passions and attains to the image of
his Creator. The Almighty, as Milton
argues in his immortal poem, valued
liberty so highly that he preferred to
give man the capacity to rebel rather
-Wan create him with a servile mind.
The more opportunity a man has the
greater his freedom. But such free
dom is not possible without mutual
respect for common rights. Therefore,
all. our sages warn us that true liberty
is the contrary of license. It thrives
only under the protection of law. But
the law which freedom needs for its
growth is not that imposed by an au
tocrat upon a fawning population. It
is that which, the sovereign soul im
poses upon itself.
Merely fleshly comfort is as at
tainable under despotism as in a free
Republic like the United States. Gib
son, the great historian, says truly
that the human race never knew a
happier period than the reign of the
Arrtonines who exercised autocratic
power with philosophic mildness, but
tender the benign sway of mankind
decayed while it prospered. Hamlet
.speaks of "the fat weed that rots It
Self at ease on Lethe's wharf." Such
is the human race basking in the rule
r a kindly despot. As the mind of
Inan grows- deformed without educa
tion of the hand, so the soul is
dwarfed when it loses the mastery of
its environment. Noble natures are
developed only when they make the
laws under which they live and no
ration can be truly great when its
citizens are debased. The liberty
which the bell proclaimed from the
state-house tower in 1776 will make
every American citizen a nobleman
with a kingly body, a divine intellig
ence and a gentle soul.
' GERMANY'S LOST COLOST.
- The British conquest of German
Southwest Africa is an important event
of , the war for several reasons. It
deprives Germany) of one of her most
' prized colonies. It gives Britain a
great country with rich diamond fields
near the coast and great cattle ranges
oh" ' the interior plateau, and it re
moves a menace which flanked the
South African dominion on the west.
Th,e conquest was effected by colonial
troops, mainly Boers who had been at
war with Britain twelve years ago,
and under the command of Botha, who
had led the Boers in that war. It
releases the South African colonial
troops for service in some other field
of operations after they have been
hardened by campaigning and have
proved their worth.
If this conquest should be confirmed
by. the treaty which will close the war.
tt will have given Britain a colony by
a -year's arduous warfare which she
could have had thirty years ago with
out, asking. . The territory is peopled
by-the Hereros and Namaguas, among
whom a few German missionaries had
settled many years before, and had
engaged in trade as well as preaching.
Tbe missionaries had occasional
trouble with the native chiefs and ap
pealed to Germany for protection.
Cermany asked Britain whether she
assumed responsibility for the safety
of Europeans in that region. Britain
did not wish to see any other Euro
pean power there, but did not wish to
assume the burden, though Sir Bartle
Frere. the governor of Cape Colony,
urged a protectorate. He succeeded
only in securing annexation of Walfish
Bay. the only good harbor, in 1878.
The British government of that day
was not awake to Germany's dawning
ambition for a colonial empire. In
1882 F. A. E. Luderitz.of Bremen,
established a factory on the coast and
asked for German protection. Bis
marck asked Britain whether she ex
ercised any authority in that locality.
and said if not Germany would pro
tect Luderitz, "but without having the
least design to establish any footing in
South Africa." An inconclusive reply
was given, and Luderitz made a treaty
with a chief by which he acquired
Angra Pequena. Expecting Germany
to disavow Luderitz act, Britain re
frained from action, and when Bis
marck again asked In November. 1883.
if she made any claim. Lord Granville
asserted sovereignty over only Walfish
Bay. Luderitz extended his acquisi
tions and Britain and Cape Colony be
came alarmed, but they moved too
late. In September, 1884, Germany an
nounced her annexation of the colony.
The colony has been a losing -ven
ture for Germany, for it has few set
tlers and the suppression of the Her-
rero rebellion was costly in life and
money. It had just begun to yield
returns, the diamond output having
reached 65,000,000 a year, but it was
used mainly as a military base to fo
ment rebellion among the Boers. The
loyal Boers have jiow extinguished
German power there and extended
British authority astride South Africa.
THE RURAL, MHOOIA
Herbert Quick was one of the speak
ers at the recent banker-farmer con
ference in Chicago. His subject was
rural schools, for which he had no
good word to utter. The false educa
tion which these schools dole out to
the youth of America, said Mr. Quick,
is little short of a crime. Other ob
servers take the same view. Some
say that a great many of the queer
defects and inconsistencies in the life
of the United States grow out of our
imperfect education which deals with
abstract theories and is cut off from
the world of realities.
The best thing anyone can say of
the rural schools is that they are not
so bad as they were a few years ago.
The Latin-mathematical ideal still
dominates and partially ruins them
but it is losing its hold. Country
schools have readily begun in many
place3 to educate boys and girls for
country life, but their atmosphere is
almost everywhere persistently aca
demic and bookish. This same book
ishness is the blight of the agricul
tural colleges. They can not get
away from the notion that they are
classical universities with their names
changed.
The rural schools will never per
form their true function until they
take a firm hold upon the actualities
of rural life. Latin and mathematics
are very well in their place but that
place should be markedly subordi
nate. ,
NO HOPE OF PEACE IX MEXICO.
Little hope of peace between the
Mexican factions is held out in a
letter from R. V. Pesqueira, formerly
Assistant Secretary of War in Car
ranza's Cabinet, to the New York
Times. He admits that last month
Carranza begged Villa "to meet him
in Havana and there come to a peace
ful agreement." but Villa would not
listen. He says that now " It is abso
lutely impossible for us to parley with
any of the factions who have fought
against the principles of the revolu
tion" that is, the Villa party.
When Carranza thought Villa was
strong, he was willing to come to a
peaceful agreement. Now that he
thinks Villa is weak, he refuses to
parley. If tomorrow Villa were
strong, Carranza would probably be
willing to negotiate, but Villa would
refuse to parley. So has continued
the endless round. The only party
that shows a disposition for peace is
the party that Is temporarily weaker.
Each leader says he alone is true to
the principles of the revolution and
that the other is a reactionary. Mean
while the principles of the revolution
remain indefinitely in abeyance, and
the only visible products of the revolu
tion are war, murder, rapine and
famine.
How much farther must the des
truction of Mexico proceed before
President Wilson will recognize that
Mexico cannot produce from within
herself a man who can save her? The
push toward anarchy which he gave
the unhappy country by his maneuv
ers against Huerta Imposed on the
United States a duty which we might
otherwise have escaped.
A3TERICAX 6ECCEITIES COMKO HOME.
The enormous loans raised by the
European nations are driving Ameri
can securities back to this country
The belligerents raise the rate of in
terest they offer as their drafts on
available capital Increase in volume,
until government rates equal and then
exceed those of private securities. The
inducement then becomes strong to
sell American railroad and other
stocks and bonds in order to buy war
bonds,a.nd patriotism has its influence
also.
The effect on the New York Stock
Exchange has been depression of
prices. The most decided im
petus to this ' movement was 1
given by the announcement of
the unlimited British war loan at
4H rr cent. That is a higher rate
than is paid on many American rail
road securities, while British Investors
consider the pledge of their govern
ment better than that of any corpora
tion. Consequently the unloading of
American securities by London began
soon after the loan was announced
and has averaged more than 12,000.
000 a day. the aggregate in less than
three weeks having been between
$50,000,000 and 670.000,000. Although
the enormous total of $3,000,000,000
has been raised, further demands may
be expected, the Chancellor of the
Exchequer having foretold a need of
65,000,000,000. As one call follows
another, more American securities will
be sent home to absorb much of the
Idle capital now lying In our banks.
Payment for these securities will
temporarily help to even up accounts
between this country and Europe, but
its permanent effect will be to in
crease the balance in our favor, for
interest and dividends which formerly
went abroad will stay at home.
France has adopted a method dif
ferent from Britain's for dealing with
American securities, of which about
6200,000.000 are held in that country.
The banks take these securities in
exchange for National defense bonds,
intending to deposit them as collateral
for loans made in New Yoik or to
sell them directly in New York. The
loans are to be used In purchase of
war material in this country.
The volume of American securities
returned to this country is bound to
Increase as purchases of. war material
increase. Notwithstanding the huge
trade balance of the last fiscal year,
the exports have been principally
grain and cotton, and the New York
Evening Post says the movement of
war supplies "has hardly yet begun
in quantity." That Journal adds:
What. then, will be the monthly show
Ins; when the export of war material U
running- at full tide? That will occur at
the time when agricultural shipments also
are rising to the yeafa high figures.
The trade balance will then swell
to such enormous figures that it will
be impossible to obtain payment of
all in gold and the London Statist
makes this prediction:
ITnless America takes payment for Its
goods to a considerable extent In securities,
the British people will be compelled to
reduce their purchases of American goods.
In this manner the next year may
see the financial emancipation of the
United States by the repurchase of
our securities, and the , necessities of
European nations may cause them to
make special terms for sale of war
bonds in this country. By the latter
means credit for purchase of muni
tions may be established on this side
of the ocean. Unloading of "Ameri
cans" by Britain would thus be
steadied to a rate at which we can
readily absorb them. The net result
would bo the same, however, for the
balance of invented capital would be
turned in favor of the United States.
ABOCT THE NATIONAL. .l ARD.
Associations for improvement of
National defense, are moving to enroll
employers of labor for encouragement
of enlistment in the National Guard.
That is one of the steps necessary to
make the guard what it should be
a popular, efficient body of rltixen
soldiers prepared to respond Instantly
to a call to arms for the National de
fense aa a second line behind the reg
ular army.
The National Guard has suffered in
public estimation through two main
cause. One Is the objection of em
ployers to allowing employes to ab
sent themselves for military instruc
tion. That objection spring from
a narrow selfUhneMS, which Ignores
the valuable services the Guard ren
ders to state and Nation and conse
quently to manufacturers and large
employers most qf all. Employers
also injure the Guard in public esti
mation by calling for its services in
times of labor disturbance.
Labor unions have been prejudiced
against the Guard because it 1 so
frequently called out nt such times
and always at the call of the em
ployer. In some instances, notably in
the recent Colorado coal strike. It has
been a mere tool in the hands of one
party to the controversy. Working
men have as much interest as any per
son in the maintenance of an efficient
force for defense of the country, for
they would suffer greatly if an in
vader effected lodgment in the coun
try. While they may go to unreason
able extremes in condemning the
Guard wholesale, there is some cause
for their hostile attitude.
The National Guard should not be
called into service during strikes and
minor riots. That work should be
done by a state constabulary' such as
has proved most successful in keep
ing the peace in Pennsylvania. The
National Guard could then cease to be
a cross between a military force and
a police force or a Sheriffs posse. It
would become what it was designed
to be a body of volunteer, citizen sol
diers ready to answer the country's
call in time of danger, and ready to
become the nucleus of a greater vol
unteer army. It would then rise in
the esteem of both employers and
workmen and of the people generally.
ANOTHER Bt'DGKT LAW.
An example of legislation diverted
to a purpose directly contrary to that
of its authors Is the Cummins amend
ment to the interstate commerce law,
designed to prevent railroads from
limiting their liability for loss or dam
age to freight below the actual value.
This practice is common with regard
to household goods, for example, a
much lower rate being quoted if the
railroad's liability Is limited to 65 per
hundred pounds than if full liability
Is assumed.
Mr. Cummins Introduced an amend
ment to the law forbidding limitation
of the railroad's liability, but entirely
exempting from its operation prop
erty concealed by wrapping, boxing or
otherwise. Senator Reed procured
adoption of an amendment striking
out the latter proviso and inserting
a new one. This requires that, if
goods are hidden from view by pack
ing, the carrier may require the ship
per to state their value, and the car
rier shall not be liable beyond the
value stated. In which case the Inter
state Commerce Commission may es
tablish rates based on the value of
the goods. The Commission has con
strued this proviso as falling within
the scope of section 10 of the Inter
state commerce law Imposing a pen
alty for misstatement of value.
The Reed proviso has greatly stirred
op the traveling salesmen, for it
causes heavy charges on samples
shipped by exprexs as well as on goods
shipped by freight. The amendment
having been named after Mr. Cum
mins, he is wrongly held responsible
also for the Reed proviso. He has
written a letter to M. E. Helse. presi
dent of the Associated Commercial
Travelers, relating the story of the
Senate proceedings and stating that
he opposed the proviso. He says that
In his opinion the Commission erred
in holding that shippers who misstate
value are subJecfMo penalty undar
section 10, but that the valuation Is
intended merelyas a contract to limit
liability. He' has presented this view
to the Commission and expresses a
hope that it will recall the ruling.
This amendment, which was in
tended to relieve the shipper, has
worked to his disadvantage. Congress
evidently did not consider all lis bear
ings and did not hear all parties af
fected. It has blundered in this case,
as it did In pausing the seamen's law
and in -adopting the provision of the
Underwood law giving a discount on
duty on goods shipped on American
vessels. Congress Is a bungler and
when it tries to do & good thing often
thwarts its own intentions.
FREMRX FOR. PEACE TIMES.
In a letter to the' New York Ameri
can George W. Perkins says that "we
are no more prepared for peace than
we are for war." When the war be
gan, the influence of the ta-iff was
making conditions rapidly worse. The
balance of foreign trade was turning
against us and hosts . of men were
out of employment. The war ras fur.
nlshed employment to these men In
making war munitions, but Mr.
Ferklnw continues:
When tbewar Is over this work will stop
We will find ourselves bark under the WIN
smi tariff. Not only this, but we will be
possessed of a very large amount of Kurope's
gold. Europe w-lll. of course, make a des
perate effort to get this gold back. She
will IramedMiteir realise thst the raaieat
'way to get It bark U by putting her mllHnns
or men rreet from war at work In her fa
torles on. soods thst she caa manufacture
and flood this country with the goods at
low prices uuder the present Wilson tariff.
Then the situation will be reversed.
Europe will return to work, and the
United States will again be unem
ployed. The only way to avert this
catastrophe that Mr. Perkins can see
Is for representatives of both labor
and capital to unite in bringing
enough pressure to bear on Congress
at its next session "to force It to give
ns immediately a permanent, expert,
nonpartisan tariff commission."
whU-h, should "go to work Immedi
ately on the principal items that
would be affected to our detriment
when the war Is over, and act on them
Instanter."
He declares our present foreign
trade to be "on a fal.e basis." and he
says, "the three prime requisites for
permanent prosperity" are to take the
tariff out of politics by establishing a
tariff commission; a Federal incor
poration law; and "a non-Government.
owned merchant marine.
The Oregonlan has disagreed so
often with Mr. Perkins that we re-J-lce
to be able to agree with htm In
his general proposition and on two of
his three prime requlaltea the tariff
commission and the merchant marine.
Aa to Federal incorporation, the
United States would belter get the
new anti-trust laws into fall opera
tion before making any changes be
yond opening the way for co-opera
tion In foreign trade.
if inm country melius down to a
snug contemplation of our huge trade
balance, which is the product of
abnormal and very temporary condi
tions. It -will have a terrible awaken
ing when peace comes. This Nation
should now adopt measures to make
permanent a large measure of th
prosperity which the war has thrust
upon our manufacturers and to hold
permanently the foreign trade which
war has thrown Into our hands. To
do this requires a tariff commission
which will revtsq the tariff on scien
tific lines and a shipping coramlnrton
w hich will so revise our shipping laws
that espltat will naturally turn to
shipping without artificial Govern
ment aid. This is one part of the
work cut out for the nevr Congress.
Unlets It Is done we are apt to see
the present flood of gold flow out. of
the country as rapidly u It U flowing
in.
Orvlllo Wright talks quite reason
ably about aeroplanes. He say we
should have 1800 for the National de
fence. The chances are that Hero
planes will become effective in pro
portion to their number. Think what
a flight of a thousand hovering over
New York could do to the tall build
ings if they acted In concert. One
blackbird Is a poor, weak creature but
a dozen can whip a hawk.
Judge Swan, of New York, who has
been on the bench many years, says
"the majority of criminals are boys
of 17 or IS years." And the cause of
their delinquency is neglect of the
home by their mothers, "who have
nothing to occupy them but advocacy
of advanced Ideas." This seems par
ticularly true of mothers who work
twelve hours a day In sweat shops.
The polymurlel is a new costume
for women which can be made to
serve all purposes, street wear, bulls.
teas and church. It Is not subject
to fashion's whims. Is convenient,
hygienic and inexpensive. The New
York woman who invented it expects
her countrywomen to wear It. She
will be disappointed. The costume
Is too sensible ever to become popular.
The Independent speaks for a kind
of "prepsredness" that Is based upon
clean, healthy. Intelligent citizens who
love their country because their coun.
try has earned their love. It reminds
us thst Germany's population is effi
cient In war because It began by being
efficient In peace.
The Outlook discerns a moral
danger to Americans In the thrills
they feel over European heroism
while they are safo at home them
selves. No doubt this danger Is real.
William James saw peril In every
emotion that found an outlet in
action.
If Britain has only 440.000 men on
the western war front, where are the
rest of the 3.000.000 men In Kitchen
er's army? Have Ihey not been armed
yet?
Germany's surprise at the reception
of her latest note to the United States
Is new proof of ber emissaries' utter
failure to gauge correctly American
sentiment.
Probably the German submariners
who kicked the negro muleteers Into
the water when they tried to scramble
aboard took them for new kinds of sea
dcvl'.s.
The ease with which the ranchers
are separated from their money ad
vertises Montana, as a fertile field for
the activity of get-rlch-qulck men.
The strike of the garment-workers
may lead to patches on the pants, thb
usual thing In the closing years of a
Democratic Administration.
The municipal woodpile Is an ele
phant. Nine hundred dollars Is needed
to Insure the stuff. Fuel men do
laugh, so to speak.
Inspector Gallup Is right In refus
ing permits to Jitney chauffeurs who
drink. The passenger needs all the
safety he can get.
Since the Jury" says so. Thaw may be
sane, but he will be given a wide
berth If he ever appears with a loaded
gun.
-Perhaps a corps of Columbia River
fishermen could stop the torpedoes
from submarines with their seines.
The Russians are not very skilled
In advancing, but they are experts on
the retreat, from long practice.
And Just before it starts for the
depot, why not smother the Liberty
Bell with Portland roses?
Portland will be starched and ironed
for the meeting of the big "washce
washee" men next week.
That's right." Mayor Albee. let the
blind people feel the bell, but "hands
off" to the others.
Everybody seems to be passing
through Portland, and all are we. I
come.
It cost a lot of money to settle the
question of Thaw's sanity.
Good wea'ber. Mr. Beats, for the
belU
Liberty Bell
By C'olenel Fraak Velacy Drake.
Listen! listen! hark the music! melody
thrills all the air.
Faintly distant; now 'tis nearer, bow
throbs 'round us ev'rywhere;
Happy echo singing. ringing over
mountain, wood and dell.
Of a precious declaration 'tis the
clamor of a bell!
Preaching sttll a proclamation In a
vole divinely Brand:
"Liberty unto the people; freedom ever
In the land."
In an ancient isle of Britain. In historic
days of yore.
Cunning craftsmen, learned In science,
front the mountains deftly tore
Divers metals, rare and precious, min
gled them with anxloua care.
Into mass of molten union, la propor
tion due and fair;
To artistic prison bore them, cast them
Into moulded cell,
Thua they framed a magic metal, "one
of many." In a bell.
In the rlbte. light of sees, they a
legend sought and found:
Graved It on the 'aonant bosom, ere
the ball had tongue or sound:
"Proclaim freedom to the people, lib
erty throughout the land."
Thus commissioned wuh a blessing,
fated with divine command.
Cam the bell arrosa the ocean, herald
of prophetic word
As St. John among the nations, preach
ing of their comlnr Lord.
O'er domain of naarent be roes swung
the bell of destiny.
Undelivered of Its message. un pro
claimed man's liberty.
Till one lovely July morning, sudden
o'er the startled earth.
Burst a peal of merry music telling of
a Nation's blrtb
Peal on peal, a proclamation; 'twas the
message of the bell!
And the happy birthday chiming tolled
a tyrant's passing nIL
From the slellar'd robes of mornlst
Freedom tore a standard grand:
IManted firm the flaming ensign, aegis
over belt and land.
Fre-m hta eyrie In the heavens sprang
the eagle, poised for flight.
Then descending, aa a star falls.
perched upon tho symbol bright.
'Round that bell and flag and eagle
freemen gather from that hour.
While tha banner grows still brighter.
till more wide the eagles power.
New. alas! the bell is silent, hushed Its
voice tn ceaseless rest:
Broken In the line of duty, with Its
message on Its breast.
Tet a woodland goddess, waking.
. . . i ii'. 1 .4 rr 1 I m
riVRni .nm fr i " i . - . .
To be treaeured. ever aacred. till the
tairy learna ner name.
Echo then repeats the message, all the
musio Kivea aaatii.
Fills the earth and air and heaven with
the birthday's glad refrain.
Listen! Listen Rhythmic music; mel
ody Is In the air.
Faintly distent, now 'tis nesrer, now
floats 'round us evrywnere
In the hearts of alt the people, over
liillfnn woo4 and dell
Echo makes the procla: latlon. hallowed
lyrlo of the bell:
Preaching still that declaration In that
.11 .-I ..I v rrmnAz
Freedom ever to the people. Liberty
throughout the lsna.
Gni:ETIS TO TIIE LIBERTY BELL.
O Pell, that on a dsy long paat, pro
claimed a nation new.
With feelings deep and reverent, we of
the West greet you!
From fr adown the ages we hear your
deep tones peal.
As, with the bells of Christ Church, you
ring a people's weaL
Ho animated by the puUe of human
hearts set free
Tour Iron tongue found voice and sent
this message o'er the sea.
That nevermore should Knsiano s
crown claim aught on inn iair
strand.
But that Liberty and Freedom should
henceforth rule the lend.
For nine and fifty years, 'tis told, from
your historic ringing.
The anniversary of our Tesr you
pealed from Its beginning.
You rsng tor every victory recorded
on one scroll
Or tolled to-everlastlng rest an honored
patriot's soul.
A thing of life you seem to be. so much
our Dillon
The Joys and sorrows voiced by you
were urta uy ii v. 1 1 1 1 .
As If you could no more endure to
knell a statesman gone.
Your great heart broke your voice
was stilled the rent Its work
bad done.
Though mute your tones, their message
clear still lingers In the air.
Its noble theme Is music sweet to every
patriot's ear.
From Wsshlngton to Lincoln, through
conflicts fierce end grave.
To spare the Flag of Freedom our sires
their hearts' blood gave.
And now our honored Wilson, a Prlnee
. l. I ,lnl , II
Stands firmly to uphold the cause set
rortn. oia Meit. or you;
Ood grant the people of our land stand
That the gospel of sweet Freedom shall
not nave oeen in vain.
EDITH J. PERNOT.
Portland.
TO TIIR OLD L1BEHTV BELL.
Shades of evening o'er you gathered
In the misty years long gone.
Since you rang for us sweet freedom.
O'er the world thst Joyous song
Swept away all grim dishonor:
All the blackness of despair.
As your Tones ao sweetly blended
Joyously tbey filled the air.
And they seemed to come from heaven.
Those clear tones of peace, delight.
As a morn of brightest sunshine
After darkest, stormy nlgUL.
As we gase visions departed
Seem to walk the earth again.
And we hear you loudly pealing;
Liberty." that sweetest strain.
Well you guarded our loved Lincoln
In his last, calm peaceful sleep.
And our youthful soldiers "resting"
After battle's fiercest heat.
Now, your Iron tongce so silent'
Seems to us something divine
When you loudly rang for freedom
'Twas God's blessing through all
time.
We would kiss your form so silent,
We would hold la awe. caress.
You we'll love through all the ages.
You who have all people blest.
ji'nk McMillan ordwat.
Value of Old Cala.
PORTLAND. July 14 (To the Ed
itor.) 1. Please tell me If an old Eng
lish coin la of any value. 1 have oue
dated King George IlL
t. What Is the premium. If any. on a
Columbian halt dollar? MRS. P.
1. Take an Impression of the coin on
wblte paper with lead pencil rubbings
and forward with description to Scott
Stamp A Coin Co.. New York.
S.. None.
.
ee.
TA.MHII.I, Or, July 13. (To the
Editor.! Kindly tell me If there Is a
premium paid by collectors on a S-reol
piece of 1;l KXNNETH LAUGilLlN.
AMATELRS VIOLATE I. . LAW
lasa-ee-tloa ef Wlrelewa Slattowa la Ore
area Brlags Fenh Waralig.
SEATTLE. Wash, July II -iTo the
Editor.) I respectfully Invite your at
tention to an article which yon printed
June 7. 115. concerning an Inspection
of amateur wireless stations In the vi
cinity of Portland. '
I have carefully gone over the In
spection reports submitted by A. W.
Deaart, assistant radio Inspector, and It
appears that practically all the ama
teur stations Inspected by hi in were op
erating In violation of the Called
States wireless laws.
Letters of warning have been sent to
the owners of these stations and others,
and as soon aa practicable tha same
stations will be relnepccted. If It is
found that the stations have been op
erated other than in accordance with
the laws and regulations since the let
ters of warning were received It wi l
be the duty of this office to report the
violation.
Many stations In Portland and Its
suburbs Interfere with ships' (radio for
many miles along the Coast, and quite
frequently even as far north aa Puget
Sound.
Benjamin K. Wolf, radio Inspector,
baa been permanently detailed In
charge of the Sevenlb District, and will
make every effort to see that the radio
lew-e are properly compiled wtb.
It V my understanding that some of
tha amateur operators of Tortlsnd
claimed that their stations do not come
under tha provision of the wireless
lews Be long aa they are not engaged
In Interstate traffic. This Is an er
roneous Impression Stallone which ran
interfere with Interstate communica
tion, whether commercial. Government
or amateur, are required to be licensed
and to comply with the laws and regu
lations. A precedent la established, as
evidenced by the following extract
from the Radio Service Bulletin:
A. W. Eatoa. of l.os Aagelew. i'iL, who
operated his amatear etsttea without a li
reoee. fli reported e r the radio tnpec1,e
of that district, and wss found gutltr aeS
r:ned on Novemtee Z I. tele, Judse Wfli
boew. of the t'nlied Malw Ininct t'ourt.
This C4M la latereetlng because lte de
fendant contended that his statlen d't n.
require a Itceas. Inasmuch ae he could not
Interfere Hh commercial stations In the
tlcinlty or transmit teyond the limlli of the
Mete In whtcn his station was located. Mis
eonvtetioa was obtained on th ground tnst
ho rfiuM Interfere nltn the Int.rr.i'l ion of
e.sr.me from outside tnst state Yr iwnit
smsteur. and establ!ie a precedent In
this regard.
V. FORD. Radio Engineer.
tV BATTLESHIP FOl tilIT IX EL.
Wklrls Vtaald V la. Qeeea EllsaVelb ar
I'eaaaylvaala la Q,aestte.
NORTH YAKIMA. Wash.. July 10.
(To (be Editor.) To settle an argu
ment, plraae give an Impartial opinion
which ship, the Queen Elizabeth or the
i'enn ylvanla, should win In an eugage
ment, the 1'ennsylvani having 14-Inch
guns and SO knot speed, and tha Queen
Elizabeth 14-Inch sun" and it knots
speed. FRED KilAKi'.
The question Is too speculative to be
answered. Calibre Is not the ouly fea
tare of a gun which counts In de
termlnlng range and effectiveness of
gunfire. Gumvery and seamanship also
enter Into tho calculation. It Is highly
improbable that the two ships would
fight a duel; they would each operate
as a unit of a fleet- Higher speed Is
useful to a more powerful ship In
forcing an engagement, to a weaker
one in avoiding an engagement, but-lf
the ship were one of a squadron, the
speed of the squadron would be that of
Its "low-est fighting unit. Thus high
speed of one ship would be nullified
by her slower consorts.
Miers ass Lavafal Prsrei,
KSTACADA. Or.. July 11. (To the
Editor.) I own a few acres of land
which Is fenced partly by barbed wire
with brush thrown on. b'heep running
at large make holes In this brush,
crowd through tha barbed wire and
eat up my pasture, oats and other
crops. Can 1 shut up the sheep and
ask for damages? 1 he owner of sheep
will not shut the sheep up. Ha says
all new settlers must buy netting fences
"-i feet high and fence up their places.
Is It not Just as fair for him to buy
fencing for his sheep? New settlers as
a rule are not overly flush with money
to put up expensive fer-es.
A eCHSCRirtER.
Countles or election precincts may
prohibit by vote ft the people the run
ning at large of livestock. If running
at large of sheep Is not prohibited, one
cannot get damages for injury to prop
erty committed by them unless his
premises are Inclosed by a lawful
fence. A lawful wire fence, west of
the Cascades, must be constructed at
least in part of woven wire. Tho fence
may be woven wire 20 Inches wide, sur
mounted by three barbed wires; or
woven wire T. 4 Inches wide and two
barbed wires; or woven wire 3 Inches
wide and one barbed wire, or of all
woven wire. It must be not less than
four feet high.
ResMtell sad Third Teres.
PORTLAND. July It (To the Edi
tor.) Kindly publish the statement
Theodore Roosevelt made at the time
of his election, declaring he would not
again bo a candidate for the Presi
dency. FL' USC Km Kit.
The wise custom which limits the
President to two terms regards the
substance and not the form, and un
der no circumstances will I be a can
didate for or "accept another nomina
tion. Theodore Roosevelt. Nov. 1. 1J0.
Legal. Nat Natleaal Holiday
JACKSONVILLE. Or, July 12. (To
the Editor.) Referring to your answer
to "Reader." July 2. please state, if you
will, why July 4 Is not a National hull,
day; also. If the day Is not observed In
all of our possessiona as well as In
those you mention. ILC.CHArPl.LL.
Because It la a holiday by virtue of
state enactments, not by declaration of
Congress. July 4 Is observed by
Americana In some way all over the
world.
V
TO THE LIBERTY BEI.I,
We hall thee! Emblem of a pat
That fills our hearts today.
With on glad voice we bij thee hail;
There's naught you need to say.
For "Uberty throughout the land"
So well yeu did proclaim.
That now It burns In every heart
A clear and ateady flame.
Your Joyous peals, heard far and near
Are blazed on hlst'ry'a psces.
And though today your tonea are dead.
They're echoing down the skcs.
You tolled the day when low were laid
Mighty heads and hoary:
You tolled the hour of vtct'ry won
Uy battlea great and gory.
'You told the tale of peace and war;
Of life and death you mmnsz.
When Liberty her flag unfurled. e
A glorious anthem rang.
Your work Is, done: but in our hearts
A Joyous peal la born;
A love of country, pride of rare.
That arret-ts each comlnz morn.
The spirit that your tones awoke
Still live, fnrever young:
Your voice l stilled, hut In Its stead
A nation's voice and toncue.
H. NtLLlr: A. "AHMCK.
rortland.
Twenty-Five Years Ago
From The Oregonlan ef July IS. 1W.
Washington, July 14. Senors Munog
and Munala. constituting a special
committee from the Spanish govern
ment, have been visiting; Washington
within the paat few days. Tonight It
was discovered that tha mission of the
strangers Is a qusal-dtrlomatlo one to
ascertain the footing, both on the part
of the United States and ef Cuban resi
dents here, as to the possible eventual
annexation of the Island of Cuba by
tha I'nticJ Slate. -
A aon of Thomas Shaltuck, of Jose
phine County, shot a hog at his falher s
place recently, and tha bullet glanced
from a stone, after parsing through the
anlmal'a head, and almoet resulted
fatally to a young ;erman working in
the place. The lead burled Itself in bis
cheek.
The cable railroad company Is con
necting Its Fifth-street track at Alder
ntr-eet- The aheave around which the
rabla ta to pasa at that point la nearly
ready for operation. There will be one
continuous tahlo, a loou of which will
run-down Alder street to 1'ronl an!
bark. The tra. V at llfih and Alder
seem somewhat ron-iplicaled and look
aa If the rara could run dwn Alder
to )"ourth and back, and I hen eiiher up
or down Vifth as d.-Mred. The turn
table at Fifth and It Is eon-ipleted. and
It will not be long till the cars will be
running to that point.
With all his millions Mr. Carnegie Is
a lull rocky In bis rhetoric In a re
cent aMa essay be as: "There ara
three great rocka ahead of the prac
tical young man who ha hi foot upon
tho ladder and Is beginninc to ri."
W e leave Mr. Caruealo, the yourig ma'i
and tha threa rocka lo set down from
tho ladder the best way they can.
Tha Coliseum Theater thla week l
presenting a bill of attractions that
draw a crowded houe.es. The perform
ance opens with the lauchaMe farce
comedv. " The Tw-o Colonels " Amonc
the siar figures that follow it Will tt.
fry, the author and composer. In orig
inal eoncs: Burns and Innelley,
eonc-ai.d-dane artists, and I'-ar-ro and
Roberta, tha elastic comedians, Tho
atrongeat team In the company la
Webber and Fl'lde. tbe original Hrlney
talkers. Mr. Webber acted tha role of
papa'a baby boy ln "Tha Strategist."
that appeared at the New Park Thea
ter about a year s go.
A very .select gather inn of the
French residents of this city assembled,
lea nisbt at the Masonic Hall to cele
brate the 101st anniversary -f the fall
of the l-asttle. The hall was beautiful
ly decorated, thanks to the effort of
Miss Margarllh I'ater. who had the en
tlra management of the cele!rat Ion.
and to whom la due the auccess of tha
evening.
The first number of the programme
was an overture by the orr.hntra, after
which Mr. A. tiaudron made the open
ing address In French.
He wa followed by Mr. J. Weill, who
in; tha "Star - Spangled Uanner."
which was received with much ap
plause. William H. Oalvanl then delivered
the adirci-s of the evening.
Half a Century Ago
Krom The Orcgnnlan of July !, 1
We learn from Mr. Ribllns that in
New York City, among the very many
ar.d numerously different corporations
which are attracting the attention of
the capitalists tliere to the rrKlon of
"the Oregon." none promises a mora
successful accomplishment of their
purposes than doea the Oregon Iron
Company. Thl corporation promises
to develop the Iron resources of the
hills back ct Oswego, a few mllea above
this city. Machinery I now In process
of bu.ldmg and will noon be here for
workir.g the materUl of tl;e company.
Thanks To George J. M. Kalllch.
agent of Phillip Horning, lie iealer.
for a choice i4coe of Hie congealel
substance for use In this office.
It la bruited about by many that the
Monroe Ikoctrlne la to be abandoned,
or at least that our Uovernment
I purposing to watt and seo If Maxi
milian will not soon become convinced
of the futility of bis efforts to boll
peacefully aud safely a country whose
people are so hostile to hla rmrlra. tit
lo not kr.ow what President Johnson's
views may be In regard to lbs Mill
can quostlon. as ha has never Cistinc;
ly announced them. It la, however, too
toon to expect t..at our Uovarnmeat
will begin to signify It purpoae U
Maximilian, even though it be taojght
well to enforce the Monroe Doctrine,
but we shall no doubt see some Indi
cations of a future policy on this ques
tion before long.
The steamship Brother Jonathan,
which left thla port for Victoria and
San Francisco last evening. carried
I3:.CS1 17 in treasure, shipped by par
ties aa follows:
We la, yarga tt Company..
1 -a 1J a 1 i.i-a
liana of ytr-mea l'aiuB,i..
Oil er iat itm
. . ls O'lt ea
: i-f i eo
. . h.i.m
::.iu a
Total
. .:;: .! at
W. T. Shsnahan haa opened an es
tablishment on Morrison street for tr-e
business of framing ar.d selling futures-
The place la near th srocrry
and provision store of Robert Pittock,
and from a hasty glance of the prem
ises we predict Mr. -t.anahan will re
ceive a liberal support. Persons eeslr
tng to have pictutes framod should
give him a call
New York. June t. The Times'
Wsshlngton special ): "The com
mittee on tjc conduct of the wsr. In
their forthcoming report, detail the
aarage and Inhuman treatment our
prisoner received from the rebel. The
surgeon's report of the Richmond pris
on for one quarter ehowa that a frac
tion oer one-half of all cases tnirn-d
resulted In death. Most of these cast
were t result of Inhuman treatment
and ne r'ct. Aftes our men tiled the'r
bodies were treated like ao many car
casses of animals. Their bodiea were
piled up In deadhouses and their eyes
and cheeks eaten out by rata before
they were put In their cofftn..
Mr. Foster, acting Vice-President, is
on hla way to Nevada and California. A
few days ago he was aald lo be at Sa'.t
Lake.
Neae.
PENPLKTON. July 13. (To the Ed
itor.) Please Inform mo whether the
1141 SO-cent coin has a premium on tt
or not. MISS MYKTLK FREEMAN.
A Good Name
- Great Richet
A good name may be better than
great riches hut a good trade mark
Is GREAT RICHES.
There ara trade marks In thla
country that are worth millions
one of them la actually rated aa
worth a "million dollars a letter."
And every one of these has been
built up by advertising In nine
rapes out of ten by newspaper ad
vertising. Your advertisement In thla news
paper not only hurts It piofus In
Immediate returns, but la helping In
piling up aepet for the future by
Increasing the value of your trade
mark.