tiie mousing or.ECoxiAx. rniDAT. jci.t o. 1015.
rOBTLANO,' OREGON.
Entered mt Portland. Orason. Postofflc a
lecond-claif maitsr
, Subscription Rate Invariably la adTaaee:
I Br Ma.lL I
- Dally. Sundar Included, one year.
.8.00
XJaily. Bunday Included, six months.... e.zj
uany, bunaay lncluued. three montni. .
jDaily. Sunday Included, one month . . . . . .
- Daily, without Bunday, on year 0.tx
. I'aily. without bunday, six munlbi -i
. aily, without Sunday, three moiitat...
' I'aily, without Sunday, on month o
Weekly, one year ia
Sunday, one year ...................... 2.0
' bunday and Weekly, one year ao0
r (Bj Carrier.)
J Daily, Sunday Included, one year W.00
' Sally, Sunday included, one month. ... . .75
How to Remit Send Postofflce money or
der, express order or personal check; on your
' loal buk. Stamps, coin cr currency are at
sender's risk. Give postofflce address in full.
including county and state.
Postage Rates 12 to IS pages. 1 cent: 18
'' to 32 pages. 2 cents; 34 to 4tt pages. S cents;
. W) to u pages, 4 cents; to 76 pages, a
- cents; TS to tz pages, t cents. Jr'oreign post-
age. double rates.
Eastern Biulneas Offices Verre Sc Conk
7 lln, Brunswick building. New Torlt: Varree
-A Conktin. Steger building, Chicago; btn
'.' Francisco representative, R. J. BldwelL 11
- Market street.
' rOBTLASO, FRIDAY, JULY. . 115,
LEAVE IT ALL TO A COMMISSION.
5 In publishing the letter from II. K.
; Pennell. chairman of the navigation
committee of the Portland Chamber
fot Commerce, regarding revision of
shipping laws. The Oregonian 1b grati--fied
to find itself in accord with the
"Portland Chamber and with the great
majority of other Chambers of Com
rrmerce in its advocacy of a commission
; to undertake this work. All the de-
velopmenta of the last few years show
- that in tinkering with our shipping
; laws we have only made matters
worse. They confirm the opinion we
have often, expressed that the only
way to reach a right conclusion is to
entrust to a commission of men who
know the shipping business the task of I
-revising the entire shipping code.
We need go no further back than
three years to prove that practically
all piecemeal legislation has been a
blunder. The Panama Canal act of
1912 admitted to American register
foreign-built ships owned by Ameri
cans, engaged in foreign trade and
less than five years old, but not a
single ship was added to the American
merchant marine under that law.
The Underwood tariff granted a
discount of 5 per cent on duties on
all good3 imported on American ships,
but the proviso added by the Senate
that this section should not be held
to abrogate treaties with foreign na-
. Hons has been construed to grant a
like discount to every favored nation,
which means every shipping nation.
This provision has not benefited our
shipowners, but has cut $15,000,000
more from an already insufficient
revenue.
The law of August, 1914, admitting
any American-owned ship to Ameri
can register and suspending some bur
densome provisions of the shipping
laws, has driven more than 140 ships
to take refuge under our flag, but fur
ther legislation will be necessary to
keep thom there.
The La Follette Seamen's law, de
signed to protect American seamen, to
guard the lives of passengers and
crew and to foster the merchant ma
rine, is driving American ships from
the sea or to foreign flags and Js giv
ing American seamen's Jobs to Japan
ese, Chinese and Lascars. But it tried
to pass the ship-purchase bill at the
last session of Congress and threat
ens to try again at the next session.
The Chamber of Commerce com
mittee's plan of "aiding our merchant
marine" belongs to the same category,
end is open to the further objection
that it is a new form of subsidy. It is
also inconsistent with the Chamber's
other proposal to leave the whole
matter to a commission for inquiry
and recommendations. If a commis
sion should be appointed, it should not
be hampered or influenced by any
speclfio plans, but should be set free
to approach Its work with an open
mind. If a non-partisan, expert com
mission should recommend some form
of financial aid from the Government,
It would be time enough then to re
open public discussion of subsidies.
The comparative cost of building
and operating ships has been so near
ly equalized by the war that, were the
La Follette law out of the way, the
American merchant marine might
thrive as well as is possible under war
conditions, regardless of defects In
our other navigation laws. It is im
possible to do more than speculate on
the conditions which will prevail after
the war, but there is reason to believe
that cost of production and operation
In Europe will be much higher than
before the war. When the two years
allowed for the commission to report
had expired, the war would probably
be ended. Removal of the existing
legal obstacles to American invest
ment in ..ships, as then recommended,
could be followed by the commission
with a watch over the effects and with
recommendation of such legislation as
newly established peace conditions
prove necessary.
The occasion calls for concentration
of effort on the part of all persons
who are interested in the merchant
marine. If various groups are each
pushing forward some pet nostrum,
this concentration will be impossible.
If all unite their forces in support of
uch a commission as can safely be
trusted to prescribe the best remedy,
and against the adoption of any par
ticular remedy until the commission
reports, they will have good prospect
of success and will be sure not to
make a bad muddle worse.
A BALANCED RATION POR MEN.
The New York Evening Post has
published an article which should in
terest all those millions of people who
.have to buy with little money the food
necessary" to sustain them for their
; day's work. It is an account of an
' investigation conducted by F. C. Gep
hart, of the Sage Institute of Pathol
"ogy, into the food values pf the diet
: obtainable at 5-oent restaurants. Mr.
".Pephart is a chemist whose word may
-be relied upon as the last utterance
iof investigative science. '
Among the articles offered at the
"Childs" 5-cent counters he finds that
;upon the whole the "desserts" are the
;most nutritious. The "Napoleon." for
example, which is a sort of custard
' With frosting and a crust, contains 453
food units, while a roast beef sand
. wich contains only 357. Most regret
fully Mr. Gephart must have set down
. the fact that strawberry shortcake af
fords no more than ninety-one food
'units in a 5-cent portion. Dairy
dishes and "breakfast foods" do not
'make a very good showing. They run
' from 174 down to sixty-three units.
The point of all this is that cheap
restaurant habitues waste a large part
of the money they spend for food by
not knowing the nutritive value of
what they eat. The same Is true of
families. Human beings need a "bal-
anced ration" quite as .sorely as dairy
cows, but they are not half so likely
to get it. Dairymen as a rule under
stand what to feed their stock in order
to obtain a good flow of milk, while
the human diner stuffs himself mis
cellaneously without regard to con
sequences. Our (working power is derived from
what we eat. If the ration contains
but a meager proportion of energy
forming units how can one expect to
do a good day's work? It would be
interesting, and perhaps profitable, to
calculate the earning power that is
sacrificed in the United States every
day by devouring lnnutrltious but ex
pensive food.
THE RIGHT TO TIPS.
The right to receive tips Is now up
held as a constitutional right. Illi
nois, having passed an anti-tipping
law, the act is attacked In court by
the interests which control the check
rooms in the Morrison and Sherman
hotels. They -say they have money
Invested and they call tips "voluntary
donations" and "lawful property."
We all know how voluntary are the
donations exacted for hanging up hats
and coats. If a person fails to donate,
the owner of "lawful property- makes
him suffer in endless ways, for there
is a community of interest among
hotel employes and the word is passed
along that "So-and-so is tight."
But what's the use of anti-tipping
lams? They never have stopped tip
ping and they never can. It will stop
when human nature is reconstructed.
THE SUMMER VACATION,
W learn from various sources that
the movement to-ahorten the Summer
vacation of the public schools has ac
quired momentum. Even the teach
ers seem to favor it, contrary to what
might have been expected. The pay
offered them for hearing classes in
the Summer months has something to
do with their zeal for the reform,
though we must suppose that they
care more for the children's welfare
than for money.
To a practical mind something ap
pears manifestly wrong with a system
that leaves our great educational
plant idle for three or four months
every year while the human beings
who might profit by it run wild upon
the streets. Now that the schools
have been so improved that children
can attend them without losing their
eyesight and deforming their spines
no convincing reason appears why
they should not keep open for at least
part of the ordinary Summer vacation.
If anything worth while is taught the
pupils will be benefited mentally,
temptations to delinquency will be di
minished and the additional pay will
appreciably help the teachers along
the thorny road to happiness.
A SHIPPER WHO FIXES HIS RATES.
The records of the recent dealings
of Congress with the subject of rail
way mail pay are as discreditable In
one direction as were its earlier deal
ings with the railroads in the other
direction. Congress formerly was ac
cused, with some Justification, of be
ing overgenerous to the railroads. It
has now gone to the other extreme
of cinching the railroads and of giv
ing the Postmaster-General authority
to cinch them still tighter.
Not until six months after the
parcel post was established, were
the railroads allowed any addi
tional payment for the additional
weight carried, and then it averaged
only 3 to 4 per cent increase. Then
the weight limit of parcels was twice
raised; with the effect that railroads
are compelled to foster at lower rates
a business which competes with their
express and freight business. Railway
mail pay is based on weighing of mail
daily for one month in each four
years, but no weighing has been done
since the parcel post was put In oper
ation, although about 1,000,000,000
parcels a year are now carried. It is
estimated that to July 1. 1915, half of
the parcel post had been carried by
the railroads without payment.
This situation arises from the law
which permits the Postmaster-General
to fix the rates he will pay the rail
roads. The Moon bill, which is to be
revived next session, proposes to en
large this power, and Its author has
boasted that under Its provisions It
would be possible to require the rail
roads "to carry all your parcel post
probably without any additional com
pensation and save many millions an
nually." In fact, it is a proposal to
save money to the Government by rob
bing the railroads.
The only satisfactory settlement of
the railway mail question is to put
the Postofflce Department On the same
footing as any shipper and to let the
Interstate Commerce Commission fix
the rates it shall pay. Then the rail
roads and the Government will both
get Justice, and the railroads will not
be starved into stopping development
of the country they serve.
PAYING 1-Oit ACCIDENTS.
New York's workman's Compensa
tion law, the administration of which
degenerated into something approach
ing scandal and called forth an emer
gency message from Governor Whit
man, has come out of its troubles
whole and greatly improved, if one
may believe so competent an author
ity as William H. Hotchklss, former
Superintendent of Insurance of New
York, who writes in the Review of
Reviews. The amendments proposed
in the Legislature were vehemently
denounced by a portion of the press
and numerous organizations but nev
ertheless were adopted.
One of the accepted changes has a
striking similarity to an amendment
proposed to the Oregon law which
failed to carry at the last session. The
labor and compensation departments
were consolidated at a great reduc
tion of administration cost and
elimination of overlapping functions.
The only other important amendment
relieves the compensation department
of absolute bureaucratic control.
Tentative settlements between em
ployer and injured employe may be
agreed upon, but must coincide with
the compensation schedule fixed by
law or be approved by the state de
part morel.
The bureaucratic payments of com
pensation were what led to the ad
verse criticisms of the administration
of the New York law. An extrava
gant, top-heavy organization was
built up which in spite of enormous
overhead cost seemed unable to settle
claims without grievous delays.
Direct settlement of claims gives
strong promise of economy of admin
istration. Indeed the policy has been
adopted by some twenty states and is
working satisfactorily. It is a policy,
however, that is consistent only with
a form of compensation law unlike
that of Oregon. MT. Hotchklss dl
vides compensation laws Into two
broad classes. One rests on the the
ory that compensation Is a tax laid on
Industry to be collected and paid out
by the state. Of this type are the laws
of Oregon, Washington. Ohio, Nevada,
West Virginia and Wyoming. They are
a form of monopolistic state Insurance.
The state collects the premium and
pays the loss.
The other kind of law is based on
the premises that compensation is a
hazard of Industry and that the state's
duty ceases when it has required that
the employer may or must insure and
sees that settlements are properly and
promptly made. Twenty-four states
either permit or compel insurance of
compensation allowing competition be
tween from two to four methods of
Insurance.
New York until the adoption of the
amendments by the last Legislature
had a combination of both kinds of
compensation law. It treated compen
sation as a hazard of Industry and
permitted the competition of commer
cial insurance, yet It attempted to ad
minister the law as if It provided state
insurance exclusively. It is not sur
prising that an attempt by the state
to undertake the detail of making
payments in several kinds of compen
sation Insurance should have resulted
in enormous cost and long delays.
To make the law consistent New
York faced two alternatives. It could
exclude commercial insurance and
thereby erect a state monopoly such
as we have In Oregon or authorize
voluntary settlements. New York
clung to and strengthened Its commer
cial Insurance compensation law.
Wken a bill providing that system as
a cure for the difficulties which then
beset the Oregon compensation law
was presented to our own Legislature
it received the scantiest consideration.
Yet New York and twenty-four other
states seem to like the plan.
i
PROGRESS TOWARDS INDEPENDENCE.
Bonds of American corporations
which have been held" In Europe for
many years are now appearing on the
American market. Decided depression
of prices has resulted. This Is the
actual beginning on a large scalo of
the sale of American securities which
has been predicted since the outbreak
of the war. It Is an important stage
n the revolution of American com
mercial relations with other nations
which Is being worked out by the war.
Unloading of American securities is
a sure sign that, in raining war loans.
-he belligerents have already absorbed
the great bulk of uninvested capital
which was available. The liberal
terms offered by the British govern
ment for sale of S1.2SO.000.000 of war
bonds are a direct bid for sale of other
securities in order that the proceeds
may be reinvested In war bonds. The
eagerness with which the bonds were
subscribed and the simultaneous In
crease In sales of American securities
Indicate that the scheme succeeded.
Sale of our bonds in our own mar
ket by European holders Is welcome
to us. It Is, In general effect, an In
vestment of part of the tl. 000. 000, 000
trade balance which we fiave accumu
lated during the past year, perhaps a
conversion into fixed capital of the
profits on the war material whlc4i we
have sold. It prevents us from Im
porting gold which we do not need
but which Europe does need. It car
ries us far on the road toward be
coming a creditor Nation. On current
account we are already a creditor na
tion, as our trade balance proves. On
Investment account we are making
progress In that direction by cancella
tion of our debts. Our trade balance
is serving as a sinking fund for that
purpose.
Estimating European Investments
In this country at l. 000. 000, 000 and
assuming that the war will continue
for two more years and that our
favorable trade balance will continue
to be $1,000,000,000 a year while the
war lasts, we shall have redeemed half
of our debt before peace is made. At
an average of 4 per cent, this would
mean that we should keep at home
1120.000,000 a year which Is now paid
to foreign bondholders. In striking
our annual trade balance, we shall
place this amount to our credit and It
will assist in the continued process of
liquidating debts.
That the unloading of American se
curities will continue may be inferred
from the act that the belligerents are
already going beyond the capitalists
to reach after the small savings of the
poor. Germany did so long ago, there
having been over 2.000.000 subscribers
to her second bond Issue. France be
gan issuing small bonds very early In
the war. Britain now has made pos
sible the purchase of a S25 bond by
paying Installments of SI. 20. When
they resort to such expedients, the na
tions will surely offer terms which
will tempt almost the last American
bond out of hiding.
CAUSE OF HOLT'S CRIMES.
The crimes of Frank Holt are as di
rectly traceable to the attempts to in
duce the United States Government to
abandon its neutrality as the assassin
ation of President McKlnley was
traceable to unmeasured abuse of him
by yellow newspapers. The pro-German
propagandists doubtless had no
more thought of instigating the as
sassination of J.' P. Morgan and the
blowing up of the National Capitol
and of ocean steamers than had the
traducers of McKlnley of instigating
Czolgosz to murder him. But the
tirades of both prompted men of ill
balanced mind to translate words
aimed to Influence the peaceful action
of governments and parties into vio
lent individual action. In both cases
the authors of the propaganda were
reckless of the effect of extravagant
statements on such men.
There never was a more illogical
and unjust agitation than that againxt
the sale of war material by individual
Americans to belligerents. Interna
tional law forbids a neutral govern
ment to give or sell arms and muni
tions to a belligerent, but it asserts
the right of a citizen of a neutral
country to sell war material to any
nation which will buy. Germany her
self permitted her citizens to follow
this practice In the Spanish war, the
Russo-Japanese war and the Balkan
wars, and it was a German shipment
of war material to Huerta which
caused .the American occupation of
Vera Cruz. Early In the present war
the German government formally con
ceded the right of American citizens
to sell arms to either herself, her al
lies or her enemies. Not until the
propaganda against the sale of arms
to Germany's enemies was begun by
Representative Barlholdt and Herr
Dernburg was this right questioned on
behalf of Germany, and It has never
been denied officially.
The propaganda which pretends to
defend American neutrality is there
fore in reality an attack on our neu
trality. Were the exportation of arms
forbidden, we should cease to be neu
tral and should become unneutral. We
should aid Germany by depriving her
enemies of an advantage which inter
national law grant them and which
we. as neutrals, are forbidden to with
hold. Those who demand an embargo on
exports of arms on the moral ground
that these exports are to be uaed In
wholesale slaughter of human beings
corfound the duty of the United States
Government with that of Its Individ
ual citizens. It Is for the Individual
manufacturer of guns and shells to
decide this moral question for himself,
as it behooves every citizen to decide
questions of right and wrong which
arise In his dally life. Some believe
this traffic to be morally right.
The Government has no obli
gation to take sides against trie
latter by forbidding them to do that
which Is legally right. More. It is the
Government's duty to protect them In
the exercise of this legal right, which
they believe they have a moral right
also to exercise.
At this point appears the pernicious
Influence on men like Holt of those
who, when defeated In argument on
the legal question, shift their ground
to the moral aspects of the case. They
cause excitable, ill-balanced men like
Holt to Imagine that. In committing a
monstrous crime, they are correcting a
moral wrong and are therefore doing
a virtuous act. Holt's letters betray
an Insane belief that he waa an In
strument of God for this purpose,
a belief which was plainly engendered
by reading and brooding over writings
against traffic In arma
Had the men who conducted the
propaganda against this traffic regard
ed the war only from the standpoint
of American rights and duties, they
would never have begun it. If all dis
cussion of the war from any other
standpoint were to cease, there could
be no further question of the rectitude
of our Government's policy and there
would be no further Incitement to
men like Holt to murder citizens and
to destroy ships and buildings. Every
American citizen, native-born or foreign-born,
should cease to be. In his
public utterances, either pro-German
or pro-ally and should be simply pro-American.
There must be something In merry
making and amusing the people that
enables the entertainer to retain his
youth. For example, there Is George
Primrose, now at a local playhouse,
whom men who are now grandfathers
remember as the star In the combi
nation of Barlow. Wilson, Primrose
and West. They did the classics In
burnt cork In the days when the world
seemed young. There were many oth
ers of like talent, but they have
passed. Jack Haverly Is dead. So Is
G. Swayne Buckley, Billy II orris whis
tled his. last "Mocking Bird" Jean
ago. Eph Horn no more makes a
horse laugh. Lew Docksladtcr lives,
but is getting old and lazy. Primrose
is about the last, and he has the sav
ing grace of the old-time ginger. When
he shall retire, blackface minstrelsy
goes into the discard.
Oregon welcomes eighty-three new
lawyers to the bar this Summer and
hopes they may ail find plenty of room
at the top. Lower down It la a little
crowded. The law la better supplied
with practitioners than the public
schools. Home say we need a thou
sand new teachers yearly. The Mon
mouth Normal gives ua a couple of
hundred.
Very likelv the news via Rerlln of a
rreat Austrian vlrtorv nvr tha wurv
and business-like Italians will bo mod.
lllcd by later reports. Italy la playing
a Fabian game In the war and not
risking any more than she must. She
may have had a reverse, but It Is not
likely to be very Important.
Think of. riding all the way round
Mount Hood and back to Portland on
a good, amoolh road. The Idea would
have seemed preposterous to the pio
neers, but the reality Is now in sight.
Good roads will be the making of Ore
gon. The faster they come the better.
Superintendent Alderman's "two-
group" plan for administering the pub
lic schools has many of the merits of
the Gary system, from which It is de
rived. It will Increase efficiency and
save money. With a fair trial It is
pretty sure to win Its way.
A cow la Polk County kicked over
a hive and was stung to death. That's
where she missed It. If only she had
bad rheumatism she would have been
cured rather than killed. Any num
ber of cranks can prove the statement.
The United Ststes of Serbia sounds
bigger than the nation will be, if or
ganized. The whole works could be
dumped Into the State of Texas and
room enough left In which to roll up
big Democratic majorities.
Spain may be arming with a view
to having a hand In the division of the
spoils- By the time the great powers
have finished fighting, their armies
may be so small that Spain's army
will look big by comparison.
The sellers of Illicit whisky In Ari
zona made the mistake of using the
tomato label on the cans. They
should have used the peach label, for
the canned peach is the favored food on
the rangea.
Huerta seems to think he ia such
an elephant on the Government's
hands that he will be set free on his
own terms. He is a wily old Indian.
The wreck of the Emden will be a
prized trophy In Australia, but the
Antipodean will need to guard It
against another Holt.
The harvest which Canadian sol
diers will reap In Canada will be more
profitable thun that which they will
later reap In Europe.
Possibly' yesterday's early rain waa
sent to provoke the women folk on
the even-numbered sides who are per
sistent sprinklers.
That Russo-Japanese alliance may
give the Kaiser an opportunity to look
the yellow peril in the eye.
There are no rules to govern the
conduct of tornadoes and there Is no
use lu dodging them.
Will city officialdom need more au
tomobiles to cover tha Linn ton and St.
Johna country?
The war aeems to be a deadlock on
Gallipot! Peninsula aa well as In
France.
Huerta wants to get out. It might
pay to let him go, with a fair running
start.
The drouth Is Woken and Jamaica
again has "in,er."
Holt looked like It.
European War Primer
By KsIIsmI Ceegraphleal Ss-rietr.
THERE are numerous things of
priceless value to tha world upon
the threatened frontiers of the warring
countries, and among the richest of
these treasures is Venice, the dream of
generations of tourists, of students of
art and history, and of lovers of ro
mance and beauty. Few cities In the
world receive veneration from more
widely scattered sources, and few stir
so many pleasant anticipations on the
ve of a first visit to them. Tbls year,
however, the city wiil be deserted by
Ita visitors. Venice, a honeymoon ob
jective and tha tourist's earliest scroti-
aspirations baa become an objective
for Auatrlan air fleets and battleships.
Something of the charm of this city of
world-pllgrlmage is told by one of Its
most noted friends. Karl Stieler:
'Before the Campanile, we realise for
the first time the widespread power of
Venice, that fairy city which sprang
not from the earth, bat the sea: still
touched with the glamour of the East,
and yet mistress of all Western culture
ao rich In arts and arma. In loves and
hatreds! Venice la a sphinx whoee
enigma we never wholly penetrate. Jn
vain we strive to find an Image that
shall express her mysterious essence.
The unique brooks no comparisons,
"As in the old times, even so today,
the center of life and movement is the
I'latia of St. Mark's, although It offers
but a pale shadow of the life of former
days. Here on sunny mornings all the
foreigners assemble; here lounge the
ciceroni, and on the neighboring plas
setts the gondoliers. Itinerant vendors
of-all kinds push their way among the
chairs that are set out In front of the
cafes under the open arcade.
"But toe most brilliant spectacle la
at night, when hundreds of gas Jeta are
alight In the huge bronae candelabra,
when the gold sparkles In the Jewelers'
windows and the sound of gar music Is
borne across the piazza. Then the
crowd gathers from all aldca. Here
come the noblll with their wives. The
gondolas throng to the plassetta, and
the mercerla seems far too narrow for
the press of people.
"The noise and the passion, which
runs through the publicity of Italian
life continue deep Into the night: then
last hasty worda are spoken, yet one
more stolen glance is shot from beau
tiful eyes, and the happy Individual for
whom It la Intended understands the
farewell. Around the etepa of the
piarietta all of white marble, so that
you cannot miss them, even at night
the condoles Rather again and then
separate on their different wave through
the dark and dead-silent canal.
"St. Mark's stands alone among all
the temples of the world. Although age
and the moist aea air have spread their
veil over these wall, yet the brilliant
coloring and the mighty outlines shine
through all the gray dimness of the
past. The bronae horsea above the
Brest door are rearing; the cupolas and
arches stretrh their great curves In In
tensity of power: each portion of the
sre;it building seems alive and ani
mated; yet In the whole reign the pro
found and noble peace proper to the
house of God.
"It l nnw exactly t veara ago
since tha building of t Marks waa
completed: Ita ecclesiastical eanctlty Is
bestowed on It by the relic of the
great evangelist: It historical sanctity
consist In It Intimate connection with
the fortunes of the city and her ruler.
It was the theater of their triumph
and the refuse for their cares: all that
he ha achieved and suffered Venire
ha done under the protecting wing of
St. Mark.
"The Churrh of Ft. Mark contains
trophies from all part of the world:
every atone has a history. Those two
Brent pillars at the erttrance to the
baptistery were part of the booty of
Acre. The bronae folding doors were
onco In the Church of St. Sophia at
St am but. The marble columns, which
stand right and left of the main portal.
re. said to have been taken from the
Temple In Jerusalem. The famous
croup of four horses, which stand
above the main portal, I of the antique
Roman period and we for a long time
In Hytantlum. the capital of the Empire
of the West. The Dose Pandolo. at tha
age of 9i. led on the Venetlnn to the
storming of Constantinople. (ltnJl. He
was nearly blind, but a fiery life still
Klnwed in hi vein.
"What St. Mark' I a the expression
of the rcllgloua spirit, that the Iucal
Palace In for the secular power of
Venice; It ha acarcely n rival, even In
Italy. The Doge Palace, a it now
stands before us. wan begun In the
14th century and completed In the llih
after a loni Interruption. Here every
line In classic. The very position of
the palace. Its relation to the Church
of St. Mark, Its two fronts one com
manding the piasxetta and the other
the sea declare the Inner significance
of the building: It la the foundation,
the very cornerstone of all Venetian
plendora.
"But yet a little shadow rests on
these splendor. A elleht shudder
mars the enchantment, for the handa of
Venice are stained with blood much
noble blood sacrificed to unworthy pas
sions. There la the Bores dr Leone.
Into which envy threw Ita secret ac
cusatlons. Here sat the Council of Ten.
Consigllo de' Died. That was a word
of terror to all cltisena of Venice. In
thla tribunal aha had a power which
could only be compared with that of
Robespierre or the bloodthirsty Marat.
"Tha complete truth about Venice
ennnot be learned In the lofty Ducal
Palace, where the ceilings are full of
gold and where art. free and untram
meled. created her masterpieces. We
must ao down even as far as the Pozal.
Into the dungeons below the level of
the water, or we must mount Into the
hot leaden cell the Plombl): then we
begin to conceive what wan the secret
canker gnawing at tbe root of all this
beauty: then we feel with unspeakable
horror what la the shadow on the con
science of the proud Quren of tha
Adriatic"
Xablsi Rates Callfersila l.tae.
COBLE. Or.. July 7. (To tha Editor.)
A says the only difference between
the first and aecond-claea passenger,
traveling on the Beaver and Bear, la
that the latter have cabin on a lower
deck. According to hi understanding
they all have the same deck privileges
and eat together at same table.
B. while not disputing the statement,
falls to see reason for difference In
rates when tha only segregation Is In
the sleeping quarter. ri decide.
INQL'IRER-
A Is correct except that all having
cabin accommodations, whether on the
upper or main deck, are known as
first-clasa passengers. The higher rate
I for rooms on the upper deck, while
those on the main deck with porthole
are slightly higher than those Inside
which are ventilated - through large
kylfchta. All travelera have the aame
fare and era served In the main aa
loon. There Is another class known aa
steerage, the quarters being forward
and the occupanta are served separate
ly. Incidentally being carried at a much
lower rate.
Divorce sad Reaaarrtage.
PORTLAND. Or.. July S. (To the
Editor.) (1) If A. while a resident of
l.laho. should marry B. a resident of
Idaho. In Oregon two month after di
vorce In Idaho, would the mirn.ee In
Oregon be valid? t) Would A be
guilty of blssmjr by reason of fact that
he had not been divorced six months,
as required by Idaho laws? HEADER.
(1) No. (I) TeaT"
CHAMBKR'S STAl os nirriG
rsrttase Be4r rTsrs KwlKbf lisars.
tee aad t'esuilulea t Revtae Laws.
PORTLAND. July (To the Ed-
Itor.) Referring to the editorial In
The Oregonlan June Jl regarding ac
tion taken by the Portland Chamber of
Commerce In forwarding referendum
vote to the United States Chamber of
Commerce) relative to proposed lesisia
tion In the Interest of t'nlted fetate
merchant marine. I beg to stats that
1 do not believe you fully understand
the action taken by the Portland or
ganisation. Tbe chamber's action was the result
of consideration of proposed legisla
tion by Its navigation committee and
board of manacere.
The United fetates Chamber of Com
merce referred to different Chambers
of Commerce throughout the L'mted
6ta:ea the several principles that will
undoubtedly be presented at next ses
sion of Congress In the form of bl.:
asking for an expression of opinion by
referendum vote from the different
commercial bodies throughout the coun
try on the plana for aiding our mer
chant marine.
- All the different propositions had
been previously referred to a commit
tee appointed by the United mate
Chamber of Commerce and their re
ports and recommendation were aent
out. together lth blank ballots, which
were to be returned as an expression
of opinion of the different Chambers of
Commerce, and the Portland chambar
practically indorsed the recommenda
tions of the I'nlted States Chamber ft
Commerce, but In several Instances
modified its vote with eueaeaiions
which Its committee thought proper to
make.
The Portland Chamber of Commerce
I In accord with your ideas of navlng
the present ravlgatloa laws cf the
United Sta'.e reviaed to meet the prer-t-ni-oay
needs of commerce and snlp
t'ltig. In connection with a cemmu
alon to renae the navigation lavs. tl. e
t i.itea States Chamber of Commerce
recommends a permanent shlp.i- cun:
mlsvicn. u; only for the revision of
ravlgation laws, but to codutt our
r.ieichsnt tcarlna affaire generally in
a manner somewhat similar to the way
the Brttit Board of Trade now ton
ducts tbe merchant marina in O-eat
Britain.
Aa far as subsidising oversea freight
ers Is concerned the Portland cham
ber's committee's Idea Is trial, under
existing conditions, no subsidy or gov
ernment sld Is necessary for (he sup
port of oversea freighters, but that it
la neceaaary to assure Investors In
ersea tonnage that in normal time
their property will be sate asalnet un
due depreciation through unequal and
unfair competition. With thla In mind
the committee favored a rlan whereby
the commlssixon. when appointed,
would establish foreign freight rate
on t'nlted btatea products from port
In this country to fortgn porta. These
freights to be en a basie of assuring
American shipowner Insurance, dr is
olation and Interest en money lnvestc.1
In oversea carrier built and operated
in the I'mte.l fttatee.
To illustrate what the committee hd
In mind e lil eav that under normal
conditions the freight rate on lumber
from the Columbia River te Melbourne.
Australia, would be per l00 fert.
B. M. The commission might nam
thla aa the normal rale. t'ndcr exist
ing abnormal condition vessel in
being chartered for a Ms a a s per
1000 feet, hence the statement that at
present I'nlted Mate tonnate need
no artificial aid a an Inducement for
apttal to be invested In It. but hcti
trade and commerce resume tlirir nor
nml condition, owing in foreign co-i-l-etltlon
In ship, the freight rate be
tween the Columbia River and Austra
lia on lumber may drop to rs ad or
4i-u per loe feet, in which cae cur
own ships could onlv pa operated at a
lo. but they would enter the trade,
make their fretshtlns contracts ac
cording to competitive rates, forward
their documents to the commission and
be Imburaed for the difference between
ti.e rate established by tho Govern
ment and that at wrtlcri they had been
compelled to take the business In rum-S-etitlon
with the foielzn ships.
The Portland Chamber of Commerce's
committee believed that. If American
capital could In eome way be assured
of protection against absolute loss li
normal times, trtere would be no diffi
culty In having local Interest tub
scribe sufficient capital to build up the
necessary tonnase for at least a portion
of our oversea trad.
There are comparatively few people
In the L'mted Mates who have bad any
real experience In overaea transporta
tion, owing to the fact that ao much
of our population la Inland. 1 believe,
however, that the majority of our peo
ple tll concede ihs fact that ships
ow ned and controlled In this country
are absolutely necessary for our prog
ress and development and that pubilo
opinion will thoroughly indorse and
support any measurv which la for the
bonertt of the whole and -not conceived
for the purpose of aiding any class or
selfish Interest.
1 know that The Oregonlan haa never
been favorable to ship subsidy, hut.
after viewing th situation from many
angles, it seem to me that properly
administered subsidy ! the only uy
in which to induce United Mtatc capi
tal to enter the Industry of shipping m
competition with the worlds oversea
freighters.
Our merchant marine left to Itself In
competition with foreign tonnaite will
simply follow the law of "the survival
of the fittest. If It waa a more fair
competition ours would soon be again
what It was formely. -the nttest." out
It la no longer a direct competition of
ehlp. but to a great extent a competi
tion of governments aa to which coun
try will make Ua oversea carriers the
fittest, therefore J would like to see
our country take the lead In this, pro
vided It ran do ao by fair and practi
cable means. Kreak legislation, how
ever, will not accomplish the purfoae.
hence the recommendation of fie
Portland Chamber of Commerce for a
competent commission to (be appointed
and given power to present th situa
tion to the country from a practical
nonpolltlcal American viewpoint
H. C. 1'KN.NKU.
Chairman Navigation Committee, Port
land Cl amber of Commerce.
1 .
KXII.KD.
The mountains are a-calllng me:
The deep fern, and the balsam tree;
The pmy rlugea. reaching op
To meet the clean blue sky.
I'm weary of tha pavement.
I'lrt. and dust and trolley car:
Heart-slek of hearlr.g newsies shout:
"Kztra! All about the war P'
I'm wistful for the stream that flows
From' off the distant glacial snows:
Kor quiet pool In flickering shade.
Where trout at noontime dose.
The nurj chipmunk's noisy scold.
From upon it lofty perch.
Te me I music sweeter far
Than the choir of city church.
In tboueht I batbe In rainbow spray.
Where fern and vine and alder away.
Down in the gorge beneath the fjll
Midst ancient boulders grsy.
With head on arma 1 yearn to lie.
And dreamily feel the breese.
That gently comes a murmuring
And whispering through tbe trees.
I long to scale lb roeky height.
Where proud the eagle takes his flight;
L'p. on th eyebrows of the world.
L'p in the biasing light;
Leaving behind th petty cares
Of man's weary rule and rod:
Feasting my soul in the high land.
Where all thing are close to God.
. SARA n. WRENN.
GRESTIAM. Or, July T. To the LJ
Itor.) Would the marriage of a J.
vorced person nine mile at sea with
in the statutory alx month be !!
in this state? READER.
Twenty-Five Years Ago
(Vent The Oreorila J'7 . tMt
Charlea Bellesardc. a Frenchman,
known as a sport and gambler, shot
and killed Charles H. Hewitt, a well
known Portland attorney yeterda-.
and then locked himself in M room
and committed auicide. Bellsarde
lived at Ninth and t'mat'.lla street.
Sellwood. where he owned an emtio
block. The two men w-ere alone In ifp
house when the sboctir.g occurred. It
is learned a woman figured In the quar
rel. Judse J. F. Sullivan, of Pan Fran
Cisco, president of tho grand council
of the Young Men's Institute, will be
in the city tomorrow and will be ten
dered a reception by the Institute cf
Portland. Kail Portland 'and AIMna.
Grand Lecturer L. D. Peine made ar
rangement for the reception at a pe
cial meeting last nleht-
It Is understood that Aaae.or Har
row, whose term of office does not
expire until Jsnusrr. will tender his
resignation to the County Court today.
Should he do so. George C. Peer. Assessor-elect,
will be appointed to the
vacancy.
Elsie Leslie In "The Prince and the
Taupcr." I now ranked as one of the
tandard attraction of the country.
The production ia one of l'anlel Froh
man's enterprises.
Martin Wllklns, of Kusene. on of
Oregon's rommlSMOners to the World a
Fair at Chicago, has Just returned from
a meeting of th commissioners In Chi-
raao. Mr. Wilkin urges the Portland
Chamber of Commerce to take In hand
the matter of an Oregon exhibit there
and see that a big display I made.
The first party of the season at the
beach was given the other night at Sea
view, at the home of Louts Dammaach.
Amnnj those present were Mies Kssie
Tittle. Miss Minnie Tittle. Mr. and
Mrs. It. K. French. Mr. and Mrs. Pam
masch and Ferdinand Pammaech. and
a number of other.
Pr. George F. Koch ler. w ho has been
connected with some of the largest F.u
ropean hospital, haa been appointed
resident physician and surpeon at St.
Vincent's Hospital.
Speaker Reed recentlr appeared In
the Ileum In nesllgee shirt and with a
generous ah lied around hi ample
walat.
Impreetve retemonle marked the
laying of the cornerstone of the Cen
tenary Methodist Kpix'opal Church In
Kt Portland Monday. On the plat
form among other, were Bishop Tay
lor. Rev. M. C. Wire. 1- II Janney.
R. Krllerman. Itev. Mirk. G. M.
Pierce. C. K. Kline. D. O. Ghormley. ..
J. Joslyn. C S. Cramer. C. C, Hate
man tiki J. W. Rushong. Judge Caplea
delivered an eloquent address.
atlLITxRY Ktri'-HTir . D rtlTIt
Hewer lletaaad. Men r-beald Reaala la
I . S. ftervlc at Thla Ttaae.
PASCO. IV'iilu. July T. iTe th Kui
tor.) Considerable attention has been
called lately to th apparent ft that
officer educated and trained by the
I'nlted Mate Government are being
Induced to leave Ins service for bet
ter pay by private corporations te su
perintend th manufacture cf imple
ment and munition of war for foreign
nation, and It la ucsrted that our
Vivernment cannot refuse to allow ex
pert Army and Navy men to resign.
If tbe tboie aie facia It is time to alter
them.
Wo are not at war and It I th earn-
eel hope of every true American that
everything honorable possible will be
dona to avoid war. but with the frenty
In Kurope and on our southern border,
who ran ' that we will not be com
pelled to fiKbt for the honor of our
Nation?
i:ery officer graduated from our
Army an-l Naty school ha cost tha
tiovernment thousand of alollar each
before becoming efficient innnhtri of
their profession, which Is prised and
honorable. The remuneration Is amply
sufficient to maintain their positions
with credit to themselves and the Na
tion. Unlike other employes, Ihey can
not be discharged without cause anil
trial, or suspended when business Is
lark.
They struggled to obtain their posl
tiona with the certainty of the emolu
menta and advancement their ability
would warrant. And it would seem
that when there la the faintest possi
bility of trouble with a foreign roe.
the officer who would resign cen by
implication to asalsl a possible enemy
of hi country should be ortraclned a
a traitor and a heavy penalty exacted
from those who would attempt to se
duce him from his duty and obligations.
W. P. UR AT.
Sale Delivery.
PORTLAND. July . (To the Kdi
tor. ) A la a merchant who haa for
sale a cash resiater. It call and ex
channel even up a aafe for the cash
resiater. B ask A to deliver the cash
resiater In about an hour and get th
aafe.
A give It bill of aale for cash ref
iner at 1110 on one of hi recular
statements marked "Paid. and B give
A similar bill of sale for af for 1110
marked "Paid." R leave the tore. ee
: who haa a cash register for sal and
getting a better deal makes a deal wltb
C. gets the realster sn.l deliver the
fe to C He return to A. saying he
(Hi ha changed his mind and aa a
bluff ay he never owned the aafe.
What recoure has A? H has a bill of
l to A' cash register marked
"paid." la H obtainlnc money under
false pretense by selling the safe?
B claims no delivery was made. A
claim delivery of bill of vale for regis
ter was sufficient. What do you think
of It? OLD M'BfCHIBnit.
A ran bring a civil suit to gain
possession of the safe. B I not crimi
nally liable unless be really did not
own the aafe tn the flrat place. The
bill Of aale clearly gives A title to the
safe. Delivery Is a minor detail and la
not necessary to th consummation of
a deal.
1 lease riwtsirspkr.
Mesgendorfer lUattcr.
Father There, now look pleasant,
boys: here's a penny for each of you!
(Aftar the picture la taken! Finely
done; now give me the pennies back
again.
Kiawsle ef the Meek Owe.
Puck.
Th Meek One My wife says Pm a
"worm." The Friend Why don't you
retaliate? The Meek On Why, If 1
-turned'' she'd be sure ef tt
Follow the Leader
Think of the name ef th leading
breakfast food, baking powder cor
sets, tea. roofing, safety razor, soap
r-almoil anything you use and you
think of a NKWSl Artll ADVfc-K-Tl-i;i
It RAND.
Look up the name ef the leading
storea In America and you find these
name svnonomous with America's
leading newspaper advertisers.
Ioe u occur to you. Mr. Mer
chant and Mr. Manufacturer, that
newspaper advertising was the
heavy artillery that helped make
these thing leaders?
Newspaper advertising makes
sale and aalea are the foundation
of big busin.
1
0