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About Morning Oregonian. (Portland, Or.) 1861-1937 | View Entire Issue (July 6, 1915)
TUT: MOTtJiTXG OltEfSONIAX. TUTISDAT. JULY C, 1915. BENEFIT OF FORTS IS HELD TWO-FOLD Trained Men Given as Expla nation of Ossovets Standing While Liege Fell. TRUST IN MASONRY FUTILE Fortifications Furnish Cover for Ad vancing or Retreating Army and Give Defeated Divisions Opportunity for Recovery. The failure of the modern fortresses In Belgium and France early in the war caused the military experts to consign this system of defense to the scrapheap. In the -ast. however, Russia's first line along the Narew, Bobr and Niemao rivers, with its prea.t fortifications at Ostrolenka, Lomu, Ossovets, Grodno, Olita and Kovno has held, Ossovets, the apex of this armed ring Jong the Cast Prussian frontier, has stood the brunt of the assault. It lies In the marshes Just north of the Bobr River and has been under almost constant fire from the heaviest German and Austrian guns since early In February. The result has caused a revision of, the verdict rendered in the west. Strategy, equipment, the human element all enter Into the verdicts as they were clven in Reltrium and France, and in Russia. The Oregonian's correspondent with the Russian army has visited Ossovets, seen the effect of the German 42-centlmeter guns and the manner in which the attacks have been repulsed. In the following article he tells why the Russian first line has held. It is one of the great lessons in preparedness of tne war. BT ROBERT R. STCORMICK. (Copyright, 1915. Published by Arrange ment with the Chicago Tribune.) LONDON. June 16. When Liege fell after 10 days of attack and when Namur fell in two; when the French fortress of Maubeuge ended its resistance in two weeks, the Western world said that modern siege howitzers had turned fortresses Into curious antiques. When we heard stories of Russian forts hold ing out and throwing back the invader, we put them down as "Belgian victo ries. " I remember writing something on the subject that will have to come out when I revise my notes on my trip around the war. The story of Przemysl. which I heard from General Sullivanoff, who captured it, was not encouraging to fort build ers. After Hindenburg's first defeat before "Warsaw the Austrian army, retreated to the Carpathian Mountains, leaving a garrison of 120,000 men in Przemysl. As Russia lacked heavy guns, it could not attempt to storm, the forts. Instead it threw an army of 70.000 men around the fort and followed into the Carpathians. Przemysl's For till cations Modern. Przemysl had been fortified in the most modern manner. In addition, elab orate field works had been made before the siege. Such labyrinths of trenches as I saw there I had never believed existed. Before and between forts the Austrians had put up veritable jungles of barbed wire. They must have expected vigorous attack and they must-have expected an early Austro-German advance from Cra cow, because they left twice the normal garrison of the place and at first made no attempt at economizing on food. Whon Ihpv flnnllv mo I iv that- t ka Russians were mtn-ery blockading; them and that their relief was delayed, they made sorties, but, hemmed in by their own .barbed wire and Bubject to. shell and machine gun fire from all sides, they were unable to advance. They be came demoralized and finally surren dered with three weeks of food still left. Even their destruction of forts and bridges was not complete. Forts' DlasdvantsKH Shown. This failure increased the Impression made upon me by Liege. Namur, Mau beuge and Antwerp. - When 1 was visiting the guards corps I asked" General Bezobrazoff one day whether the experience of this war did not show tnat forts had become obso lete. The veteran replied that forts have certain moral disadvantages. They tend to influence a nation to trust to stone and iron for the defense that can only come from a capable army, and they tempt Generals to leave garri sons to be captured when they should take all their men with the field army. On the other hand, they are of ines timable value as a refuge for a de feated army to rally under, as a defense to communications, as a protection to the flank of an army, as a threat on the flank or rear of an advancing foe. He instanced how, the armies retreat ing from East Prussia had taken refuge in Ossovets, Grodno and Olita; how the English had rested under the guns of La Feree; how his own corps had stoppped Hlndenburg at Ivangorod and gained time for the troops to arrive and defeat him at Warsaw; how Paris had been a vital factor at the Marne;- how the Germans had used Konighberg against Rennenkamp. "But when the great artillery comes up the fort becomes a liability, not an asset?" I asked. "Certainly not, if both fort and men are good," he replied. "Go and see Osso vets." Ossovets Well Protected. Ossovets is situated on the only ridge of dry ground that crosses a 40-mile long marsh. Hostile fire was opened on February 9. The defenders occupied advance trenches under protection of the fort ress guns, and most of these they hold today, the fourth month of siege. After a few days' siege a spy entered the Russian lines and, approaching the commander, offered hinV 600,00a rubles (more than $250,000) and a home in Germany to surrender the fort, saying that the guns which had reduced the forts of France and Belgium were now up and would smash the fortress in 36 hours. The spy was shot. The bombardment which followed was the severest in history. Twenty thousands shells of various sizes were fired into the fort, including those of 23 and 42 centimeter caliber. To this fire the concealed batteries constantly replied. During every respite the band pa raded, and while the tired artillerymen rested the infantry swarmed out and repaired the damage. ossovets Is a much smaller fort than Liege. Namur, Maubeuge or Antwerp, but it has stood much more punish ment than all of these combined. An old officer said: "You could not expect such untrained troops as the Belgians to stand modern artillery, and you know there is no Instance of un trained men stopping a bayonet attack in the open." I wonder if we should be able to hold the line of the Sierra Nevadas. Three Killed in Train Wreck. LOS ANGELES, July 5. Three train, men attached to-a Southern Pacific fast freight en route from Yuma were killed last night, according to advices re ceived here today, when the boiler of the big locomotive exploded at Ogilbie. Ariz. The men were Fred McCarn, en gineer. Los Angeles; Louis Hupe, fire man, Los Angeles, and Fred Harmon, brakeman, San Bernardino. More than a third of the total area of Holland lies below sea level. . . . s I MAP SHOWING BATTLE LINE IN EAST l s l yCjJCj its'!? RudmkJ I a4faaea Jgy?? JiJs&w, A I sRk?mtir-S LuxowKl A ,Nef I WHERE TEUTONS AND RISSIA ARB ARRAYED AGAINST J J EACH OTHER. I I GRQVVO HEARS BRYAN Peace Is Subject at San Fran cisco Observance of Fourth. HUMAN RIGHTS HELD FIRST Ex-Secretary of State Is Only One of Independence Day Speakers Who Is Absent From Military Pa rade, Preceding Speeches. SAN FRANCISCO. July 5. An atten tive audience, characterized by William Jennings Bryan as the largest throng that he had ever talked to. was ad dressed today by the ex-Secretary of btate as orator or the day at the In dependence day celebration held at the Panama-Pacific International Exposi tion. Notwithstanding the heavy mist. which fell almost like a drizzle on the assemblage, the speaker held his audi ence throughout. He spoke for an hour cn the subject of peace. The crowd, massed as solidly as it could stand on all sides, was so eager to hear Mr. Bryan speak that the pro gramme was inverted, and Instead of coming last on the list, the ex-Cabinet member preceded the other speakers, which included an address by United States Senator Phelan, of California, and a poem by Edwin Markham, enti tled "An Ode to Freedom." The literary exercises were preceded by a review of troops, marines and sailors. Bryan Not In Parade. Alone of the speakers on the pro gramme. Mr Bryan was not in the Independence day parade, military in character. "The Meaning of the Flag." was Mr. Bryan's theme. He commented on the proneness of Independence day speak ers to "boast of this Nation's past, present or future." and said. "The ma terial for such boasting la easily at hand." "I know of no better way to celebrate this day," Mr. Bryan said, "than to con sider with you the work which . lies before us. More is to be expected of us than of any other nation, past or present. We are less hampered by tra dition and precedent than the nations beyond the ocean. "Precedent looks backward and says, 'I fear"; progress looks forward and says. Til try.' " Three fundamental lines along which further progress Is possible were dis cussed by Mr. Bryan. They were the "Solving of Domestic Problems." "The True Measure of Greatness" and "Meth ods We Should Employ in Dealing With Other Nations." Human RJajhta Put First. He cited Lincoln's belief in the "Man Before the Dollar"; Jefferson's philos ophy. "That human rights are superior to property rights; Christ's teachings." "In spite of the fact the proposition is supported also by the universal con science of the common people, we find that every important economy problem, now and always, involves this dispute; and the precedents of history are large ly on the side of property. "If the United States Is to lead the world In the advance toward economic peace. It must be guided by this prin ciple: That human rights come first and must apply It to every question with which it has to deal. If man's rights are trampled upon, the rights of property will have no defender." HIGHER LEVEL IS NEEDED Dr. Klehle, of Portland, Tells of Problems of Education Today. ST. CLOUD, Minn.. July 3. That the problem of education Is to take the in fant generation in Its weakness and advance it to a higher level than any the past or present have attained was the essence of a lecture delivered to 600 normal Summer students here by Dr. David L. Klehle. former state su perintendent, university professor emeritus, university regent and presi a resident of Portland. Or. mb mbm dent of the St. Cloud normal, and now a resident of Portland, Or. The venerable educator warned his audience, comprised chiefly of teach ers, that If one becomes engrossed In the petty details of daily work, life will become mere drudgery. Details find value and Interest, he said, only as they are related to the larger units to which they belong. Dr. Klehle was welcomed warmly to St. Cloud, where he resided a quarter of a century ago. Hemp Traffic Fears Groundless. WASHINGTON. July 6. Fears of In terruption of the traffic In hemp fiber from Yucatan to the United States, a supply invaluable to the American wheat fields, apparently were ground less. An official dispatch to the Navy Department today from Progresso said the only limit to the exportation of the sisal was lack of steamers. Maintaining the rata of Increase shown during the lat 40 years Rusnla's population at the end of the present century will num ber 6O0.UO0.OO0. NAVAL PLANS WAIT UNTIL LAST M OM ENT Government to Profit as Far as Possible by Lessons of European War. SUBMARINE PROBLEM NEW Experts) Divide Into Two Schools, While Engineers Try to Solve Problem of Defense Against Attack Under Sea. WASHINGTON. July 6. The nava' programme to be presented to Congress, In the light of the lessons of European war, has not been definitely framed, notwithstanding the fact that Secretary of the Navy Daniels and his advisers have had the subject under considera tion continuously for months. The building plans for the coming year will not be completed until the last moment, when, probably. President Wilson will say the final word as to the number and type of ships the Navy Department will request. Meanwhile Secretary Daniels hopes for more In formation from the war sons on which the United states can build with profit and safety. So far all the belligerents are main talnlng strict secrecy as to their plana or the lessons they have drawn for themselves from the few sea battles. American naval attaches at London. Paris and Berlin have had little oppor tunity to furnish enlightening? reports. There have been no foreign observers aboard any of the war fleets at sea. Dreadaovsbt'e Falsrc I'sdetcrmlsed, The greatest question that has come out of the war Is considered by many American naval officers to be the fu ture of the dreadnought. So far as is known not a single capital ship has been engaged and the value of thoae enormously expensive fighting ships la still as problematical as It was when England launched the first all-blg-gun ship, the dreadnought. The reason for that. Navy officers say. Is the full realization of predictions made for submarines when the first undersea boat was constructed. Against those small and comparatively Inex pensive weapons no adequate means of defense has been found and the first line ships of the fighting navies are behind mine fields or screens of torpedo-boats and destroyers, leaving the active work of the war to the older pre-d read nought battleships, the battle cruisers and lighter and less expensive craft. When the first maneuvers of the American Navy In which submarines participated took place some officers declared the day of the battleship had passed. In theory every big ship which approached shore during those operations was destroyed. Events of the European war, so far as they are known, apparently bear out that as- July Half-Price Sale Women's Fancy Suits A genuine cut of one-half to suits. Think of buying new clear all fancy silk and wool , stylish suits at half price! Third Floor S24.50 $27.50 $29.50 S34.50 $39.50 $48.50 $54.50 Fancy Fancy Fancy Fancy Fancy Fancy Fancy Suits, Suits, Suits. Suits, Suits, Suits, Suits, Half Half Half Half Half Half Half Price Price Price Price Price Price Price $12.25 S13.75 SI 1.75 $17.23 $19.75 S2I.25 $27.23 Little Boys' Wash Suits Oliver Twist, Russian, Sailor, Blouse, Middy, regularly $1.50, $2, $2.50, $3, 4, $4.50, $5 One-half Regular Price Second Floor IT- - - ill "RTHXT QTPT T T "NT n morrison -LJJ-LN kJ JJ LJ JLi L J. N VJT AT FOURTH sumption of the superiority of subma rines. Navy engineers now are deeply en raged with experiments looking to the discovery of some practical defense against submarine attack.. While noth ing has been revealed of their experi ments. It Is assumed that questions of greater subdivision of huila and strong er bulkheads, of armor to extend about the midship aectlons of battleships be low the water line and capable of re sisting the blow of a modern torpedo, and also the location of submarines at a considerable distance and their pur suit by swift, light. easily-handled craft, are being considered. The latter defense Is the only one which seems to have met with any success abroad, so tar as Is known; yet officers here point out that at best it Is like searching for a needle In a haystack and that the de. stroyer defense does not meet the prob lem In anything like an adequate way. Location and destruction of subma rines by aeroplanes also la considered Impractical In any but special cases, where weather, depth of water and other conditions make it possible. Similarly submarine against subma rine la not considered a possible devel opment of undersea warfare unless some new and startling device to give submarine commanders the power of underwater vision Is discovered. Tot Xavy Scbs-ola Develop. The result of the development of the submarine with widening range of ac tion, mounting disappearing guns for surface action, and with Increasing numbers of torpedo tubes, as shown by reports from Kuron. has been to create a school of Navy officers here who are said to be urging the abandonment of dreadnought building In favor of a huge submarine fleet. Other officers declsre the backbone of a navy must always be In first line battleships snd are urging larger and more heavily armed dreadnoughts than ever. Some place between these two schools of theory li la said, the course of the department mill He In Its recommendations to Con gress. Officers who advocate the submarine Navy say that It Is thoroughly practi cable for the United States, because the mission of the American Navy Is to de fend the United States from Invasion, not to prepare the way for an American Invasion of any enemy country. That, they declare, has always been the the ory of the Navy Department and ac counts for the fact that no great ef forts have been made to obtain appro priations tor awlft battle cruisers such as, those employed by the British ami Uerraan naviea. Lacking a merchant marine to be protected and being a self conlslned Nation, they argue that bat tie cruisers have not been considered a neceastsly. With fleets of submarines stationed along both coasts and with Navy-yards equipped to care for them, those officers argue that even the battleships could be spared from the defense line and that no enemy would dare approach with ships and transports a coast well mined and defended with land guns as well as submarines. It is certain that Congress will be asked to provide liberally Ln auxiliary hips for the present Navy, particularly aa to parent ships for submarine flotil las. Navy officers are obtaining ai possible data on German and British submarine tenders and may propose the construction of several of those vessel so designed as to be able to raise sunk en submarines. It Is also probable that a number of awlft scout cruisers will be recommended. Farmer Kills Wife, Son and Self. GRAND ISLAND. Neb.. July E. Ole Mohlfleld. a prosperous farmer resldlnK eight miles west of Havenna. shot and killed his wife and S-year-old son Sat urday and then committed suicide The bodies were found by a neighbor Sun day. It became known today. MohlAeld had written a letter which waa unintel ligible. It Is presumed that he became violently Insane. The es elephant bm Its trwnk to seise Its pr.e and to trail. fer f vxl to Its moulh Just s does i brother which roami the land What to Do for Itching Skins Ectema. ringworm and other Itching-, burning skin eruptions are so easily made worse by Improper treatment that one has to be verv nrfiil. Th.rs Is one method, how ever, that you need not hesitate to use. even on a baby's tender skin that Is the reslnol treat ment. Iteslnol Is the prescription of a Baltimore doctor, put up ln the form of reslnol ointment and reslnol soap. This proved so re markably aucressful that thousanda of other physicians have prescribed It constantly for ZO years. Iteslnol stops Itching Instantly, and almost always heals the eruption quickly and at little cost. Ktslnol oint ment and reslnol soap can be bought at any druggist's, and are not at all eipenslve. Write for free sample. lept-IS-lt. Iteslnol. Kalttmore M.l. ASK YOUR NEIGHBOR So many thousands of women have been restored to health by Lydla E. Pinkham's Vegetable Compound that there la hardly a neighborhood ln any city, town or hamlet in this country wherein some woman has not found health in this good old-fashioned roof and herb remedy. If you are suffering from some womanly ill, why don't you try It? Adv. Mir 1 3 2- INFORMATION FOR TODRI STS Herewith is a list of short trins in and about Portia ntL If vou are in doubt about anv noint. or thf trin r.XiVv' . . T . . . r .. . . i . I " T. J - c I (111 you nave heard about is not mentioned here, call at the Information .bureau of the Chamber of Commerce M or pnone mem xseu irnone, uroaaway ou or Auiomauc, a uuji. uuonnauon win giauiy De Riven, ui- i yry erature of interesting points furnished Time Cards, Beach and Mountain Resort literature. The Orego- a man asics the names and addresses of tourists for publication, enclose your business card with names of your party to Summer Resort Dept, The Oregonian, Portland. Mountain, River and Beach Resorts Where To Take a Short Trip Out of Portland The Hazelwood Confectionery and Restaurant Waablnato St.. at Teatkw Best Food Served at Lowest Possible Cost Amid Homelike Surrounding! SEATl.VG CAPACITY 450 Tbe Oaks the Ceaey Island of the Ves) Over to acres of priceless roses In full bloom, with every form of entertainment and accommoda tion for tourists. Orchestral and band concerts, prima donna, and mu sical comedy company every after noon and night In tne open-air tbea ter Perf orruancea all free. Adraia alon to park 10 cents. Reached by ex press special Oaka trains (far cental, from First and Aider; or by launch (10 cents), from Morrison street Bridge Stockyarda aaa Pseklac Plaat Located on Columbia Slough. Take "L" cars. Second and Washington, transfer at Killings worth avenue to Kenton car. Fare 10 cents., time 41 minutes. Visitors admitted dally except Sunday. Return may be made via at. Johns car. For SIGHTSEEING OUTING TRIPS 72 T BAR VIEW HOTEL Located at Bar View, Tillamook Co., Or. Train top at our door. Only 2O0 ft from high tide. Plank drive to beautiful beach. Sl bathing, comfortable bed. Ai: the clams, crabs and chicken you can rat. ICatce $1 per day ar.4 up. For par tirulara write or call on WIK IL.MAL CO.. Rooma 211-12 Fal'.lne; liid., Sd at Wash., Portland. Or. Phone A or M 2021. or Bar View. Tillamook Co.. Oreon. fan- F-ery Nlht. PmI, Billiard aed Ho Hag. tourf Hathina i fee a-ialiins. Around Portland CD Flr and Aider or Traffic Manager. Marshall 5100. A 6131. P. E. L P. Cfc ' BOrJtT HOOD RESORTS. Cload Cap laa la a dellsntful re treat. 6000 feet above sea level, oa a sheltered spur of the vary moon, tain Itself, and la located Jost at the upper edsTe of timber line. The trip to the Inn usually la made by rail to Hood River and thence by stage. The round-trip rate, including- all traveling expenses. Is llt-iO. Service begins July 1 and continues to September IS. Electric car line to Boring-. It miles: automotlle to Welch's. Rho dodendron and Tawney'a. round trip from Portland. 17.7s. Sam as above with horse stsaje all the way. ta.7a. Cslasisn Portland baa the sec ond largest Chinese population In the United States, and now that Baa Francisco Chinatown baa been burned and rebuilt upon modern lines. Portland baa the orlslnal Chinatown ln the United States. fertlaasl Helchts (Coaartl Crest 1200 feet above the city. Take Council Crest car oa Washington street; time, 13 minutes each way. Wonderful view of the city and snow-capped mountains. Welch's. Rbedoaeadr aa Tiw. aey'e are located on the south side of the moun Lain Automobile from Portland to either resort, round trip. each Is. MeCreskle's MOUNT HOOD Al'TO STACK, three slurs dally leave tlawthorae Gsraie, 443 llawtherwa AvcBsse. Pheae bast 633. Parks Washington Park, bead of Washington street, with small too and aviary. Take any car west oa Washington street excepting Six teenth; fare i cents. Celebrated statue. "Coming of the White Man." slao "Sacajawea." Excellent view of the city. Estsrasa, Caaadere. Ball It a at cars leava First and Aider every four hours, dally and Sunday, every hour as far aa Oreaham. Uood polo la tor baaket picnic HUlerast Drive A hillside motor drive of unsurpassed beauty. About one hoar's drive. Bast time Just at unset, but moat beautiful view of city and moantalna at all times. COLUMBIA RIVER HIGHWAY. A acenlo drive of rare beauty, built along the south shore of the Columbia Hlver, a distance of more than 40 miles from Portland. A series of remarkable waterfalla. rugged peaks and deep canyons are among the attractions. Pealasala Park. Saakra Gardeas A city park and well worth a trip. Take ft Johns or Kenton car. Tourists Appreciate All work fli the a. fpc j its our quick service FILM DEVELOPING mm PRINTING lahed by S v'rloeh ir rerelTea, Ours is the larg est Photo Supply House on the Pa cific Coast. D i s t r ibutors of the famous -ANSCO-Films and Cameras. Woodard, Clarke & Co. SOL DUC HOT SPRINGS AND SANATORIUM the greatest health and pleasure resort on the Pacific Coast, in the heart of the Olympic Mountains, open for the season For full Information address The Maaaser, Sol Dae. Wash. mm DorMT B. 8m 1th. kanaf-r. 116 THIRD STREET (Coraar WaaliiofftatB.) We furnish tlrketa and accurate Information regard in al: points of In ter eat mentioned oa tola paa NORTH BEACH -fRIDK OF THE PACIFIC tnllaa of flneot o?en beach, nor than a doifo intereetinc and attrac tive bcteh towns; many fully equippe-t not la and dVHirhtfui reeort lodgea affording heeubfui and p.eaaaat roo reatioo, tatttrda?-Monda far. $3, Me Moot he' Tirk-rt. 94. FIeK.d Commutation, fla. Information. Tlcketa. Ctow O.-W. R. & N. City Ticket Office. Wsshlnstun st Tblrd. (Broad a ay 4480. A illL) BAYOCEAN STORE Now open with a full line of groceries, fresh fruits and vege tables. Campers' supplies and clothing. Cifrars and tobacco. WE SOLICIT YOUR PATRON AGE FOR GOOD GOODS. W.L.JOHNSON Proprietor. Oaks Park SO Ac-res f Haves. TODAY'S KREK I'RUI.R tHHEl Zi3 p. m. au tttse f. u. Beatesi Treabadeara la "The Kaf rraaet lem.- oaks llsasllsss. Mile. Trrea. Pvtsaa Deaaa. Usarlac AsaaaeBseals for AIL. Shew Free. Adsalsalea te Park. lOe. !xrres Cars, Klrat Alder, Sc. Lssacacsi Merriaea Drldse. lee Improve every idle hjjir en route with a good book. Get youi favorite volume at . (Sills The J. K Gill Co. Boeksenere, Stationers and Complete Office Outfitters. Freight sad Pesaasg ITUMI.K.1 TO TIIK IIAU.ES aad IVer Laadlasa. "BAILEY GATZERT" Laves Portland daily al T A. M a ciu fruaday and don2ajr Sunday aa. cursioas la Lucd iocks "DALLES CITY" LM.es Port .s nd Tuexit TBnreds acd r-aiurda at aw A at aaeaay fwrad. I wti rirtra si ae axe U 1st OalJea astS roars; s.ve Mas. i...i.aUoae tot .lock aoa auiuinobllaa sLDKR-MEtKT INK &. POITLA-Ml s Mala !. A sill Windemuth OX THE WILLAMETTE. Open River and Tank BatlHnrr. Take faa launch foot of Mlmon street every haif-bour. commencing 1:1K f M.. fare ft centa. or trookln car to Woodward ava. ; free laum hea con necUnf Safety at All Tina, Mt. Hood Auto Line calls snd delivers to any part of city, day or nlshc to Mount Mood resorts Hound trip, li; Govera m.nt Camp 17 0 Fkeaea, Mala S3L. sir A 2X31. 'f.Ain.iTiiirI7AiiTrirtT.'vT 1 offers to rsmlll.s ot u.'lnemtat tbe attractions of a tveautlful eountry Summer horn.. Illustrated booklet Kre. C. W. J KKCKEKS. White -ln-on. Wa.h fob Mt. Hood Resorts Mnunt Hood Auto P.rvtr. Co. learse Meier A traak'a More. &tb-str..t .a innct, dan. A. M. Fof partlcu. lars and reservations HMr A Fr.ak's tportins Goods Lept. Phoa. aecom--xiodatloa dMic iis;bt pbone Tsbor 42s. RELIANCE MT. nOOD AUTO STAGEi Pally to htt Hood resorts s M Round trip $&. io teir.p t ' .-o 8prlal rates for ..a and and riini tr.( parti, lnf ormatloa. rrva. -u and tlck.ta at BOITIUH.K MUCH a rIOt, t I to IU Id M. Mala ItM. A SKI I Or lr.utsoa tiirst. kast -I